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Zhang C, Nie Y, Xu B, Mu C, Tian GG, Li X, Cheng W, Zhang A, Li D, Wu J. Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Mutation (LHR N316S) Causes Abnormal Follicular Development Revealed by Follicle Single-Cell Analysis and CRISPR/Cas9. Interdiscip Sci 2024:10.1007/s12539-024-00646-7. [PMID: 39150470 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-024-00646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal interaction between granulosa cells and oocytes causes disordered development of ovarian follicles. However, the interactions between oocytes and cumulus granulosa cells (CGs), oocytes and mural granulosa cells (MGs), and CGs and MGs remain to be fully explored. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we determined the transcriptional profiles of oocytes, CGs and MGs in antral follicles. Analysis of scRNA-seq data revealed that CGs may regulate follicular development through the BMP15-KITL-KIT-PI3K-ARF6 pathway with elevated expression of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). Because internalization of the LHR is regulated by Arf6, we constructed LHRN316S mice by CRISPR/Cas9 to further explore mechanisms of follicular development and novel treatment strategies for female infertility. Ovaries of LHRN316S mice exhibited reduced numbers of corpora lutea and ovulation. The LHRN316S mice had a reduced rate of oocyte maturation in vitro and decreased serum progesterone levels. Mating LHRN316S female mice with ICR wild type male mice revealed that the infertility rate of LHRN316S mice was 21.4% (3/14). Litter sizes from LHRN316S mice were smaller than those from control wild type female mice. The oocytes from LHRN316S mice had an increased rate of maturation in vitro after progesterone administration in vitro. Furthermore, progesterone treated LHRN316S mice produced offspring numbers per litter equivalent to WT mice. These findings provide key insights into cellular interactions in ovarian follicles and provide important clues for infertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yongqiang Nie
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bufang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chunlan Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Geng G Tian
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Chang H, Huang C, Cheng S, Li J, Wang X. Fbxo28 is essential for spindle migration and morphology during mouse oocyte meiosis I. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133232. [PMID: 38960234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Spindle migration and assembly regulates asymmetric oocyte division, which is essential for fertility. Fbxo28, as a member of SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box) ubiquitin E3 ligases complex, is specifically expressed in oocytes. However, little is known about the functions of Fbxo28 in spindle assembly and migration during oocyte meiosis I. In present study, microinjection with morpholino oligonucleotides and exogenous mRNA for knockdown and rescue experiments, and immunofluorescence staining, western blot, timelapse confocal microscopy and chromosome spreading were utilized to explore the roles of Fbxo28 in asymmetric division during meiotic maturation. Our data suggested that Fbxo28 mainly localized at chromosomes and acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs). Depletion of Fbxo28 did not affect polar body extrusion but caused defects in spindle morphology and migration, indicative of the failure of asymmetric division. Moreover, absence of Fbxo28 disrupted both cortical and cytoplasmic actin assembly and decreased the expression of ARPC2 and ARP3. These defects could be rescued by exogenous Fbxo28-myc mRNA supplement. Collectively, this study demonstrated that Fbxo28 affects spindle morphology and actin-based spindle migration during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoya Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenyang Huang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyu Cheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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Zhang J, Tian Y, Xu X, Wang B, Huang Z, Song K, Lou S, Kang J, Zhang N, Li J, Weng J, Liang Y, Ma W. PLD1 promotes spindle assembly and migration through regulating autophagy in mouse oocyte meiosis. Autophagy 2024; 20:1616-1638. [PMID: 38513669 PMCID: PMC11210919 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2333164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PLD1 has been implicated in cytoskeletal reorganization and vesicle trafficking in somatic cells; however, its function remains unclear in oocyte meiosis. Herein, we found PLD1 stably expresses in mouse oocytes meiosis, with direct interaction with spindle, RAB11A+ vesicles and macroautophagic/autophagic vacuoles. The genetic or chemical inhibition of PLD1 disturbed MTOC clustering, spindle assembly and its cortical migration, also decreased PtdIns(4,5)P2, phosphorylated CFL1 (p-CFL1 [Ser3]) and ACTR2, and their local distribution on MTOC, spindle and vesicles. Furthermore in PLD1-suppressed oocytes, vesicle size was significantly reduced while F-actin density was dramatically increased in the cytoplasm, the asymmetric distribution of autophagic vacuoles was broken and the whole autophagic process was substantially enhanced, as illustrated with characteristic changes in autophagosomes, autolysosome formation and levels of ATG5, BECN1, LC3-II, SQSTM1 and UB. Exogenous administration of PtdIns(4,5)P2 or overexpression of CFL1 hyperphosphorylation mutant (CFL1S3E) could significantly improve polar MTOC focusing and spindle structure in PLD1-depleted oocytes, whereas overexpression of ACTR2 could rescue not only MTOC clustering, and spindle assembly but also its asymmetric positioning. Interestingly, autophagy activation induced similar defects in spindle structure and positioning; instead, its inhibition alleviated the alterations in PLD1-depleted oocytes, and this was highly attributed to the restored levels of PtdIns(4,5)P2, ACTR2 and p-CFL1 (Ser3). Together, PLD1 promotes spindle assembly and migration in oocyte meiosis, by maintaining rational levels of ACTR2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 and p-CFL1 (Ser3) in a manner of modulating autophagy flux. This study for the first time introduces a unique perspective on autophagic activity and function in oocyte meiotic development.Abbreviations: ACTR2/ARP2: actin related protein 2; ACTR3/ARP3: actin related protein 3; ATG5: autophagy related 5; Baf-A1: bafilomycin A1; BFA: brefeldin A; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GOLGA2/GM130: golgin A2; GV: germinal vesicle; GVBD: germinal vesicle breakdown; IVM: in vitro maturation; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MI: metaphase of meiosis I; MII: metaphase of meiosis II; MO: morpholino; MTOC: microtubule-organizing center; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PB1: first polar body; PLA: proximity ligation assay; PLD1: phospholipase D1; PtdIns(4,5)P2/PIP2: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; RAB11A: RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family; RPS6KB1/S6K1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TUBA/α-tubulin: tubulin alpha; TUBG/γ-tubulin: tubulin gamma; UB: ubiquitin; WASL/N-WASP: WASP like actin nucleation promoting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bicheng Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Lou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Kang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Weng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjing Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Pan MH, Zhang KH, Wu SL, Pan ZN, Sun MH, Li XH, Ju JQ, Luo SM, Ou XH, Sun SC. FMNL2 regulates actin for endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria distribution in oocyte meiosis. eLife 2024; 12:RP92732. [PMID: 38747713 PMCID: PMC11095938 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
During mammalian oocyte meiosis, spindle migration and asymmetric cytokinesis are unique steps for the successful polar body extrusion. The asymmetry defects of oocytes will lead to the failure of fertilization and embryo implantation. In present study, we reported that an actin nucleating factor Formin-like 2 (FMNL2) played critical roles in the regulation of spindle migration and organelle distribution in mouse and porcine oocytes. Our results showed that FMNL2 mainly localized at the oocyte cortex and periphery of spindle. Depletion of FMNL2 led to the failure of polar body extrusion and large polar bodies in oocytes. Live-cell imaging revealed that the spindle failed to migrate to the oocyte cortex, which caused polar body formation defects, and this might be due to the decreased polymerization of cytoplasmic actin by FMNL2 depletion in the oocytes of both mice and pigs. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis indicated that FMNL2 was associated with mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related proteins, and FMNL2 depletion disrupted the function and distribution of mitochondria and ER, showing with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and the occurrence of ER stress. Microinjecting Fmnl2-EGFP mRNA into FMNL2-depleted oocytes significantly rescued these defects. Thus, our results indicate that FMNL2 is essential for the actin assembly, which further involves into meiotic spindle migration and ER/mitochondria functions in mammalian oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Kun-Huan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Si-Le Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ming-Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jia-Qian Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shi-Ming Luo
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiang-Hong Ou
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouChina
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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Peng L, He Y, Wang W, Dai J, Li Q, Ju S. PAK1-Dependent Regulation of Microtubule Organization and Spindle Migration Is Essential for the Metaphase I-Metaphase II Transition in Porcine Oocytes. Biomolecules 2024; 14:237. [PMID: 38397472 PMCID: PMC10886677 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a critical downstream target that mediates the effect of small Rho GTPase on the regulation of cytoskeletal kinetics, cell proliferation, and cell migration. PAK1 has been identified as a crucial regulator of spindle assembly during the first meiotic division; however, its roles during the metaphase I (MI) to metaphase II (MII) transition in oocytes remain unclear. In the present study, the potential function of PAK1 in regulating microtubule organization and spindle positioning during the MI-MII transition was addressed in porcine oocytes. The results showed that activated PAK1 was co-localized with α-tubulin, and its expression was increased from the MI to MII stage (p < 0.001). However, inhibiting PAK1 activity with an inhibitor targeting PAK1 activation-3 (IPA-3) at the MI stage decreased the first polar body (PB1) extrusion rate (p < 0.05), with most oocytes arrested at the anaphase-telophase (ATI) stage. IPA-3-treated oocytes displayed a decrease in actin distribution in the plasma membrane (p < 0.001) and an increase in the rate of defects in MII spindle reassembly with abnormal spindle positioning (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, these adverse effects of IPA-3 on oocytes were reversed when the disulfide bond between PAK1 and IPA-3 was reduced by dithiothreitol (DTT). Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that PAK1 could recruit activated Aurora A and transform acidic coiled-coil 3 (TACC3) to regulate spindle assembly and interact with LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) to facilitate actin filament-mediated spindle migration. Together, PAK1 is essential for microtubule organization and spindle migration during the MI-MII transition in porcine oocytes, which is associated with the activity of p-Aurora A, p-TACC3 and p-LIMK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.P.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Yijing He
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.P.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Weihan Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.P.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Jianjun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China;
| | - Qiao Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.P.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
| | - Shiqiang Ju
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.P.); (Y.H.); (W.W.)
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Sakamoto R, Maeda YT. Unveiling the physics underlying symmetry breaking of the actin cytoskeleton: An artificial cell-based approach. Biophys Physicobiol 2023; 20:e200032. [PMID: 38124798 PMCID: PMC10728624 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v20.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell behaviors cover many biological functions, such as cell division during morphogenesis and tissue metastasis, and cell migration during cancer cell invasion and immune cell responses. Symmetry breaking of the positioning of organelles and the cell shape are often associated with these biological functions. One of the main players in symmetry breaking at the cellular scale is the actin cytoskeleton, comprising actin filaments and myosin motors that generate contractile forces. However, because the self-organization of the actomyosin network is regulated by the biochemical signaling in cells, how the mechanical contraction of the actin cytoskeleton induces diverse self-organized behaviors and drives the cell-scale symmetry breaking remains unclear. In recent times, to understand the physical underpinnings of the symmetry breaking exhibited in the actin cytoskeleton, artificial cell models encapsulating the cytoplasmic actomyosin networks covered with lipid monolayers have been developed. By decoupling the actomyosin mechanics from the complex biochemical signaling within living cells, this system allows one to study the self-organization of actomyosin networks confined in cell-sized spaces. We review the recent developments in the physics of confined actomyosin networks and provide future perspectives on the artificial cell-based approach. This review article is an extended version of the Japanese article, The Physical Principle of Cell Migration Under Confinement: Artificial Cell-based Bottom-up Approach, published in SEIBUTSU BUTSURI Vol. 63, p. 163-164 (2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, Connecticut 06516, USA
| | - Yusuke T. Maeda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Shamipour S, Hofmann L, Steccari I, Kardos R, Heisenberg CP. Yolk granule fusion and microtubule aster formation regulate cortical granule translocation and exocytosis in zebrafish oocytes. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002146. [PMID: 37289834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic reorganization of the cytoplasm is key to many core cellular processes, such as cell division, cell migration, and cell polarization. Cytoskeletal rearrangements are thought to constitute the main drivers of cytoplasmic flows and reorganization. In contrast, remarkably little is known about how dynamic changes in size and shape of cell organelles affect cytoplasmic organization. Here, we show that within the maturing zebrafish oocyte, the surface localization of exocytosis-competent cortical granules (Cgs) upon germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) is achieved by the combined activities of yolk granule (Yg) fusion and microtubule aster formation and translocation. We find that Cgs are moved towards the oocyte surface through radially outward cytoplasmic flows induced by Ygs fusing and compacting towards the oocyte center in response to GVBD. We further show that vesicles decorated with the small Rab GTPase Rab11, a master regulator of vesicular trafficking and exocytosis, accumulate together with Cgs at the oocyte surface. This accumulation is achieved by Rab11-positive vesicles being transported by acentrosomal microtubule asters, the formation of which is induced by the release of CyclinB/Cdk1 upon GVBD, and which display a net movement towards the oocyte surface by preferentially binding to the oocyte actin cortex. We finally demonstrate that the decoration of Cgs by Rab11 at the oocyte surface is needed for Cg exocytosis and subsequent chorion elevation, a process central in egg activation. Collectively, these findings unravel a yet unrecognized role of organelle fusion, functioning together with cytoskeletal rearrangements, in orchestrating cytoplasmic organization during oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Shamipour
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Hofmann
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Irene Steccari
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Roland Kardos
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Nikalayevich E, Terret ME. Meiosis: Actin and microtubule networks drive chromosome clustering in oocytes. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R272-R274. [PMID: 37040710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Actin and microtubule networks in human and porcine oocytes sequentially gather chromosomes in a cluster shortly after nuclear envelope breakdown to ensure their complete capture by the meiotic spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Nikalayevich
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | - Marie-Emilie Terret
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
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9
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Yuen WS, Zhang QH, Bourdais A, Adhikari D, Halet G, Carroll J. Polo-like kinase 1 promotes Cdc42-induced actin polymerization for asymmetric division in oocytes. Open Biol 2023; 13:220326. [PMID: 36883283 PMCID: PMC9993042 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase I (Plk1) is a highly conserved seronine/threonine kinase essential in meiosis and mitosis for spindle formation and cytokinesis. Here, through temporal application of Plk1 inhibitors, we identify a new role for Plk1 in the establishment of cortical polarity essential for highly asymmetric cell divisions of oocyte meiosis. Application of Plk1 inhibitors in late metaphase I abolishes pPlk1 from spindle poles and prevents the induction of actin polymerization at the cortex through inhibition of local recruitment of Cdc42 and Neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP). By contrast, an already established polar actin cortex is insensitive to Plk1 inhibitors, but if the polar cortex is first depolymerized, Plk1 inhibitors completely prevent its restoration. Thus, Plk1 is essential for establishment but not maintenance of cortical actin polarity. These findings indicate that Plk1 regulates recruitment of Cdc42 and N-Wasp to coordinate cortical polarity and asymmetric cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Shan Yuen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Qing Hua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Anne Bourdais
- University of Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Deepak Adhikari
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Guillaume Halet
- University of Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - John Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Kincade JN, Hlavacek A, Akera T, Balboula AZ. Initial spindle positioning at the oocyte center protects against incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachment and aneuploidy in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd7397. [PMID: 36800430 PMCID: PMC9937575 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add7397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spindle positioning within the oocyte must be tightly regulated. In mice, the spindle is predominantly assembled at the oocyte center before its migration toward the cortex to achieve the highly asymmetric division, a characteristic of female meiosis. The significance of the initial central positioning of the spindle is largely unknown. We show that initial spindle positioning at the oocyte center is an insurance mechanism to avoid the premature exposure of the spindle to cortical CDC42 signaling, which perturbs proper kinetochore-microtubule attachments, leading to the formation of aneuploid gametes. These findings contribute to understanding why female gametes are notoriously associated with high rates of aneuploidy, the leading genetic cause of miscarriage and congenital abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Kincade
- Animal Sciences Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Avery Hlavacek
- Animal Sciences Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Takashi Akera
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ahmed Z. Balboula
- Animal Sciences Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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11
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Chan CJ, Hirashima T. Tissue hydraulics in reproduction. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 131:124-133. [PMID: 35606275 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of functional eggs and sperm are critical processes in mammalian development as they ensure successful reproduction and species propagation. While past studies have identified important genes that regulate these processes, the roles of luminal flow and fluid stress in reproductive biology remain less well understood. Here, we discuss recent evidence that support the diverse functions of luminal fluid in oogenesis, spermatogenesis and embryogenesis. We also review emerging techniques that allow for precise quantification and perturbation of tissue hydraulics in female and male reproductive systems, and propose new questions and approaches in this field. We hope this review will provide a useful resource to inspire future research in tissue hydraulics in reproductive biology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii Jou Chan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; The Hakubi Center/Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan.
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12
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Wang H, Hu J, Yi K, Ma Z, Song X, Lee Y, Kalab P, Bershadsky AD, Miao Y, Li R. Dual control of formin-nucleated actin assembly by the chromatin and ER in mouse oocytes. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4013-4024.e6. [PMID: 35981539 PMCID: PMC9549573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric meiotic cell divisions in mouse oocytes are driven by formin 2 (FMN2)-nucleated actin polymerization around the spindle. In this study, we investigated how FMN2 is recruited to the spindle peripheral ER and how its activity is regulated in mouse meiosis I (MI) oocytes. We show that this process is regulated by the Ran GTPase, a conserved mediator of chromatin signal, and the ER-associated protein VAPA. FMN2 contains a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) within a domain (SLD) previously shown to be required for FMN2 localization to the spindle periphery. FMN2 NLS is bound to the importin α1/β complex, and the disruption of this interaction by RanGTP is required for FMN2 accumulation in the area proximal to the chromatin and the MI spindle. The importin-free FMN2 is then recruited to the surface of ER around the spindle through the binding of the SLD with the ER-membrane protein VAPA. We further show that FMN2 is autoinhibited through an intramolecular interaction between the SLD with the C-terminal formin homology 2 (FH2) domain that nucleates actin filaments. VAPA binding to SLD relieves the autoinhibition of FMN2, leading to localized actin polymerization. This dual control of formin-mediated actin assembly allows actin polymerization to initiate the movement of the meiotic spindle toward the cortex, an essential step in the maturation of the mammalian female gamete.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiYang Wang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Jinrong Hu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Kexi Yi
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - XinJie Song
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Yaelim Lee
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Petr Kalab
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alexander D Bershadsky
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Rong Li
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore; Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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13
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Shan MM, Zou YJ, Pan ZN, Zhang HL, Xu Y, Ju JQ, Sun SC. Kinesin motor KIFC1 is required for tubulin acetylation and actin-dependent spindle migration in mouse oocyte meiosis. Development 2022; 149:274327. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mammalian oocyte maturation is a unique asymmetric division, which is mainly because of actin-based spindle migration to the cortex. In the present study, we report that a kinesin motor KIFC1, which is associated with microtubules for the maintenance of spindle poles in mitosis, is also involved in actin dynamics in murine oocyte meiosis, co-localizing with microtubules during mouse oocyte maturation. Depletion of KIFC1 caused the failure of polar body extrusion, and we found that meiotic spindle formation and chromosome alignment were disrupted. This might be because of the effects of KIFC1 on HDAC6 and NAT10-based tubulin acetylation, which further affected microtubule stability. Mass spectroscopy analysis revealed that KIFC1 also associated with several actin nucleation factors and we found that KIFC1 was essential for the distribution of actin filaments, which further affected spindle migration. Depletion of KIFC1 leaded to aberrant expression of formin 2 and the ARP2/3 complex, and endoplasmic reticulum distribution was also disturbed. Exogenous KIFC1 mRNA supplement could rescue these defects. Taken together, as well as its roles in tubulin acetylation, our study reported a previously undescribed role of kinesin KIFC1 on the regulation of actin dynamics for spindle migration in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia-Qian Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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14
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Londoño-Vásquez D, Rodriguez-Lukey K, Behura SK, Balboula AZ. Microtubule organizing centers regulate spindle positioning in mouse oocytes. Dev Cell 2022; 57:197-211.e3. [PMID: 35030327 PMCID: PMC8792338 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
During female meiosis I (MI), spindle positioning must be tightly regulated to ensure the fidelity of the first asymmetric division and faithful chromosome segregation. Although the role of F-actin in regulating these critical processes has been studied extensively, little is known about whether microtubules (MTs) participate in regulating these processes. Using mouse oocytes as a model system, we characterize a subset of MT organizing centers that do not contribute directly to spindle assembly, termed mcMTOCs. Using laser ablation, STED super-resolution microscopy, and chemical manipulation, we show that mcMTOCs are required to regulate spindle positioning and faithful chromosome segregation during MI. We discuss how forces exerted by F-actin on the spindle are balanced by mcMTOC-nucleated MTs to anchor the spindle centrally and to regulate its timely migration. Our findings provide a model for asymmetric cell division, complementing the current F-actin-based models, and implicate mcMTOCs as a major player in regulating spindle positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanta K Behura
- Animal Sciences Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ahmed Z Balboula
- Animal Sciences Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; University of Cambridge, Department of Genetics, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK.
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15
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Bourdais A, Dehapiot B, Halet G. Cofilin regulates actin network homeostasis and microvilli length in mouse oocytes. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273797. [PMID: 34841429 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
How multiple actin networks coexist in a common cytoplasm while competing for a shared pool of monomers is still an ongoing question. This is exemplified by meiotic maturation in the mouse oocyte, which relies on the dynamic remodeling of distinct cortical and cytoplasmic F-actin networks. Here, we show that the conserved actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin is activated in a switch-like manner upon meiosis resumption from prophase arrest. Interfering with cofilin activation during maturation resulted in widespread elongation of microvilli, while cytoplasmic F-actin was depleted, leading to defects in spindle migration and polar body extrusion. In contrast, cofilin inactivation in metaphase II-arrested oocytes resulted in a shutdown of F-actin dynamics, along with a dramatic overgrowth of the polarized actin cap. However, inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex to promote actin cap disassembly elicited ectopic microvilli outgrowth in the polarized cortex. These data establish cofilin as a key player in actin network homeostasis in oocytes and reveal that microvilli can act as a sink for monomers upon disassembly of a competing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bourdais
- Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes , CNRS IGDR UMR 6290, Université de Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Benoit Dehapiot
- Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes , CNRS IGDR UMR 6290, Université de Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Halet
- Institut Génétique et Développement de Rennes , CNRS IGDR UMR 6290, Université de Rennes 1, F-35000 Rennes, France
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16
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Lee G, Leech G, Lwin P, Michel J, Currie C, Rust MJ, Ross JL, McGorty RJ, Das M, Robertson-Anderson RM. Active cytoskeletal composites display emergent tunable contractility and restructuring. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10765-10776. [PMID: 34792082 PMCID: PMC9239752 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01083b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a model active matter system that controls processes as diverse as cell motility and mechanosensing. While both active actomyosin dynamics and actin-microtubule interactions are key to the cytoskeleton's versatility and adaptability, an understanding of their interplay is lacking. Here, we couple microscale experiments with mechanistic modeling to elucidate how connectivity, rigidity, and force-generation affect emergent material properties in composite networks of actin, tubulin, and myosin. We use multi-spectral imaging, time-resolved differential dynamic microscopy and spatial image autocorrelation to show that ballistic contraction occurs in composites with sufficient flexibility and motor density, but that a critical fraction of microtubules is necessary to sustain controlled dynamics. The active double-network models we develop, which recapitulate our experimental findings, reveal that while percolated actomyosin networks are essential for contraction, only composites with comparable actin and microtubule densities can simultaneously resist mechanical stresses while supporting substantial restructuring. The comprehensive phase map we present not only provides important insight into the different routes the cytoskeleton can use to alter its dynamics and structure, but also serves as a much-needed blueprint for designing cytoskeleton-inspired materials that couple tunability with resilience and adaptability for diverse applications ranging from wound healing to soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lee
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, USA.
| | - Gregor Leech
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, USA.
| | - Pancy Lwin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Jonathan Michel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
| | | | - Michael J Rust
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, USA
| | | | - Ryan J McGorty
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, USA.
| | - Moumita Das
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
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17
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Dehapiot B, Clément R, Bourdais A, Carrière V, Huet S, Halet G. RhoA- and Cdc42-induced antagonistic forces underlie symmetry breaking and spindle rotation in mouse oocytes. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001376. [PMID: 34491981 PMCID: PMC8448345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte meiotic divisions are highly asymmetric and produce a large haploid gamete and 2 small polar bodies. This relies on the ability of the cell to break symmetry and position its spindle close to the cortex before anaphase occurs. In metaphase II–arrested mouse oocytes, the spindle is actively maintained close and parallel to the cortex, until fertilization triggers sister chromatid segregation and the rotation of the spindle. The latter must indeed reorient perpendicular to the cortex to enable cytokinesis ring closure at the base of the polar body. However, the mechanisms underlying symmetry breaking and spindle rotation have remained elusive. In this study, we show that spindle rotation results from 2 antagonistic forces. First, an inward contraction of the cytokinesis furrow dependent on RhoA signaling, and second, an outward attraction exerted on both sets of chromatids by a Ran/Cdc42-dependent polarization of the actomyosin cortex. By combining live segmentation and tracking with numerical modeling, we demonstrate that this configuration becomes unstable as the ingression progresses. This leads to spontaneous symmetry breaking, which implies that neither the rotation direction nor the set of chromatids that eventually gets discarded are biologically predetermined. Mammalian oocyte meiotic divisions are highly asymmetric and produce a large haploid gamete and two small polar bodies, but the mechanisms underlying the required symmetry breaking and spindle rotation have remained elusive. This study shows that spindle rotation in activated mouse oocytes relies on spontaneous symmetry breaking resulting from an unstable configuration generated by cleavage furrow ingression and cortical chromosome attraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Dehapiot
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR—UMR 6290, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (BD); (GH)
| | - Raphaël Clément
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Guillaume Halet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR—UMR 6290, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (BD); (GH)
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18
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Crozet F, Da Silva C, Verlhac MH, Terret ME. Myosin-X is dispensable for spindle morphogenesis and positioning in the mouse oocyte. Development 2021; 148:dev.199364. [PMID: 33722900 PMCID: PMC8077531 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Off-center spindle positioning in mammalian oocytes enables asymmetric divisions in size, which are important for subsequent embryogenesis. The migration of the meiosis I spindle from the oocyte center to its cortex is mediated by F-actin. Specifically, an F-actin cage surrounds the microtubule spindle and applies forces to it. To better understand how F-actin transmits forces to the spindle, we studied a potential direct link between F-actin and microtubules. For this, we tested the implication of myosin-X, a known F-actin and microtubule binder involved in spindle morphogenesis and/or positioning in somatic cells, amphibian oocytes and embryos. Using a mouse strain conditionally invalidated for myosin-X in oocytes and by live-cell imaging, we show that myosin-X is not localized on the spindle, and is dispensable for spindle and F-actin assembly. It is not required for force transmission as spindle migration and chromosome alignment occur normally. More broadly, myosin-X is dispensable for oocyte developmental potential and female fertility. We therefore exclude a role for myosin-X in transmitting F-actin-mediated forces to the spindle, opening new perspectives regarding this mechanism in mouse oocytes, which differ from most mitotic cells. Summary: Cortical spindle positioning in mammalian oocytes relies on the interplay between actin and the microtubule spindle. Myosin-X, an obvious candidate for linking these two cytoskeletal elements, is dispensable in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Crozet
- CIRB, Collège de France, UMR7241/U1050, 75005 Paris, France
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19
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Shamipour S, Caballero-Mancebo S, Heisenberg CP. Cytoplasm's Got Moves. Dev Cell 2021; 56:213-226. [PMID: 33321104 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasm is a gel-like crowded environment composed of various macromolecules, organelles, cytoskeletal networks, and cytosol. The structure of the cytoplasm is highly organized and heterogeneous due to the crowding of its constituents and their effective compartmentalization. In such an environment, the diffusive dynamics of the molecules are restricted, an effect that is further amplified by clustering and anchoring of molecules. Despite the crowded nature of the cytoplasm at the microscopic scale, large-scale reorganization of the cytoplasm is essential for important cellular functions, such as cell division and polarization. How such mesoscale reorganization of the cytoplasm is achieved, especially for large cells such as oocytes or syncytial tissues that can span hundreds of micrometers in size, is only beginning to be understood. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in elucidating the molecular, cellular, and biophysical mechanisms by which the cytoskeleton drives cytoplasmic reorganization across different scales, structures, and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Shamipour
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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20
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Israfil A, Israfil N. RETRACTED: Temperament gene inheritance. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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21
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Artificially decreasing cortical tension generates aneuploidy in mouse oocytes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1649. [PMID: 32245998 PMCID: PMC7125192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and mouse oocytes’ developmental potential can be predicted by their mechanical properties. Their development into blastocysts requires a specific stiffness window. In this study, we combine live-cell and computational imaging, laser ablation, and biophysical measurements to investigate how deregulation of cortex tension in the oocyte contributes to early developmental failure. We focus on extra-soft cells, the most common defect in a natural population. Using two independent tools to artificially decrease cortical tension, we show that chromosome alignment is impaired in extra-soft mouse oocytes, despite normal spindle morphogenesis and dynamics, inducing aneuploidy. The main cause is a cytoplasmic increase in myosin-II activity that could sterically hinder chromosome capture. We describe here an original mode of generation of aneuploidies that could be very common in oocytes and could contribute to the high aneuploidy rate observed during female meiosis, a leading cause of infertility and congenital disorders. The developmental potential of human and murine oocytes is predicted by their mechanical properties. Here the authors show that artificial reduction of cortex tension produces aneuploid mouse oocytes and speculate that this may contribute to the high aneuploidy rate typical of female meiosis.
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22
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Xie J, Minc N. Cytoskeleton Force Exertion in Bulk Cytoplasm. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:69. [PMID: 32117991 PMCID: PMC7031414 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule and actin cytoskeletons generate forces essential to position centrosomes, nuclei, and spindles for division plane specification. While the largest body of work has documented force exertion at, or close to the cell surface, mounting evidence suggests that cytoskeletal polymers can also produce significant forces directly from within the cytoplasm. Molecular motors such as kinesin or dynein may for instance displace cargos and endomembranes in the viscous cytoplasm yielding friction forces that pull or push microtubules. Similarly, the dynamics of bulk actin assembly/disassembly or myosin-dependent contractions produce cytoplasmic forces which influence the spatial organization of cells in a variety of processes. We here review the molecular and physical mechanisms supporting bulk cytoplasmic force generation by the cytoskeleton, their limits and relevance to organelle positioning, with a particular focus on cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
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23
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Duan X, Li Y, Yi K, Guo F, Wang H, Wu PH, Yang J, Mair DB, Morales EA, Kalab P, Wirtz D, Sun SX, Li R. Dynamic organelle distribution initiates actin-based spindle migration in mouse oocytes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:277. [PMID: 31937754 PMCID: PMC6959240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of meiosis-I (MI) spindle from the cell center to a sub-cortical location is a critical step for mouse oocytes to undergo asymmetric meiotic cell division. In this study, we investigate the mechanism by which formin-2 (FMN2) orchestrates the initial movement of MI spindle. By defining protein domains responsible for targeting FMN2, we show that spindle-periphery localized FMN2 is required for spindle migration. The spindle-peripheral FMN2 nucleates short actin bundles from vesicles derived likely from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and concentrated in a layer outside the spindle. This layer is in turn surrounded by mitochondria. A model based on polymerizing actin filaments pushing against mitochondria, thus generating a counter force on the spindle, demonstrated an inherent ability of this system to break symmetry and evolve directional spindle motion. The model is further supported through experiments involving spatially biasing actin nucleation via optogenetics and disruption of mitochondrial distribution and dynamics. Mammalian oocytes divide asymmetrically during meiotic maturation. Here, the authors show that spindle movement away from oocyte center depends on actin filaments nucleated from the spindle periphery pushing against surrounding mitochondria, which polarizes spontaneously to produce directional spindle motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Duan
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yizeng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, 30060, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Kexi Yi
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Fengli Guo
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - HaiYang Wang
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Devin B Mair
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Edwin Angelo Morales
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Petr Kalab
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Sean X Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. .,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
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24
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Wang QC, Wan X, Jia RX, Xu Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Sun SC. Inhibition of N-WASP affects actin-mediated cytokinesis during porcine oocyte maturation. Theriogenology 2020; 144:132-138. [PMID: 31940504 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N-WASP is the mammalian ortholog of WASP which is an actin nucleation promoting factor and has been reported to regulate actin nucleation and polymerization for multiple cell activities. However, the expression and functions of N-WASP in porcine oocytes are still unclear. In this study, we showed that N-WASP expressed at all stages during porcine oocyte maturation, and immunofluorescence staining indicated that N-WASP mainly accumulated at the cortex in different stages of meiosis. Inhibition of N-WASP activity by Wiskostatin significantly decreased the rate of first polar body extrusion and disturbed the cell cycle progression of porcine oocytes. Further analysis indicated that cortical actin distribution was interfered by N-WASP inhibition, and this might be through its regulatory roles on the expression and localization of ARP2, a key component of actin nucleator Arp2/3 complex. Moreover, the expression of N-WASP decreased after ROCK activity inhibition, indicating a ROCK-N-WASP-ARP2/3 pathway for actin assembly in porcine oocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that N-WASP is critical for the regulation of actin filaments for cytokinesis during porcine oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Chu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ru-Xia Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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25
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Zhang Y, Wang HH, Wan X, Xu Y, Pan MH, Sun SC. Inhibition of protein kinase D disrupts spindle formation and actin assembly during porcine oocyte maturation. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3736-3744. [PMID: 30555056 PMCID: PMC6326681 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) subfamily which includes PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3 is a novel family of serine/threonine kinases. PKD has been widely implicated in the regulation of multiple physiological effects including immune responses, apoptosis and cell proliferation. However, the roles of PKD in oocytes have not been fully clarified. In this study we investigated the regulatory functions of PKD during porcine oocyte maturation. Our results indicated that PKD expressed in porcine oocytes and the inhibition of PKD family activity led to the failure of meiosis resumption and the first polar body extrusion. Further analysis indicated that the spindle assembly and chromosome alignment were disrupted after PKD family inhibition, and this might be through its regulatory role on MAPK phosphorylation. We also found that PKD phosphorylated cofilin for actin assembly, which further affected cortical actin distribution, indicating the roles of PKD family on cytoskeleton. In addition, a decreased expression of PKD in postovulatory aging porcine oocytes was observed, which might connect PKD with cytoskeleton defects in aged oocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that PKD possesses important functions in porcine oocyte maturation by regulating spindle organization and actin assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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26
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Caridi CP, Plessner M, Grosse R, Chiolo I. Nuclear actin filaments in DNA repair dynamics. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1068-1077. [PMID: 31481797 PMCID: PMC6736642 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent development of innovative tools for live imaging of actin filaments (F-actin) enabled the detection of surprising nuclear structures responding to various stimuli, challenging previous models that actin is substantially monomeric in the nucleus. We review these discoveries, focusing on double-strand break (DSB) repair responses. These studies revealed a remarkable network of nuclear filaments and regulatory mechanisms coordinating chromatin dynamics with repair progression and led to a paradigm shift by uncovering the directed movement of repair sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Plessner
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Irene Chiolo
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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27
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Reshetniak S, Rizzoli SO. Interrogating Synaptic Architecture: Approaches for Labeling Organelles and Cytoskeleton Components. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:23. [PMID: 31507402 PMCID: PMC6716447 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic transmission has been studied for decades, as a fundamental step in brain function. The structure of the synapse, and its changes during activity, turned out to be key aspects not only in the transfer of information between neurons, but also in cognitive processes such as learning and memory. The overall synaptic morphology has traditionally been studied by electron microscopy, which enables the visualization of synaptic structure in great detail. The changes in the organization of easily identified structures, such as the presynaptic active zone, or the postsynaptic density, are optimally studied via electron microscopy. However, few reliable methods are available for labeling individual organelles or protein complexes in electron microscopy. For such targets one typically relies either on combination of electron and fluorescence microscopy, or on super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. This review focuses on approaches and techniques used to specifically reveal synaptic organelles and protein complexes, such as cytoskeletal assemblies. We place the strongest emphasis on methods detecting the targets of interest by affinity binding, and we discuss the advantages and limitations of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiia Reshetniak
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular Biology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O. Rizzoli
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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28
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Yanakieva I, Erzberger A, Matejčić M, Modes CD, Norden C. Cell and tissue morphology determine actin-dependent nuclear migration mechanisms in neuroepithelia. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3272-3289. [PMID: 31420451 PMCID: PMC6781452 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201901077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using quantitative live imaging in the developing zebrafish embryo, Yanakieva et al. show that distinct actin-dependent mechanisms position nuclei in neuroepithelia of different morphology. In curved neuroepithelia, a novel formin-dependent mechanism is discovered for which the authors propose a proof-of-principle theoretical model. Correct nuclear position is crucial for cellular function and tissue development. Depending on cell context, however, the cytoskeletal elements responsible for nuclear positioning vary. While these cytoskeletal mechanisms have been intensely studied in single cells, how nuclear positioning is linked to tissue morphology is less clear. Here, we compare apical nuclear positioning in zebrafish neuroepithelia. We find that kinetics and actin-dependent mechanisms of nuclear positioning vary in tissues of different morphology. In straight neuroepithelia, nuclear positioning is controlled by Rho-ROCK–dependent myosin contractility. In contrast, in basally constricted neuroepithelia, a novel formin-dependent pushing mechanism is found for which we propose a proof-of-principle force generation theory. Overall, our data suggest that correct nuclear positioning is ensured by the adaptability of the cytoskeleton to cell and tissue shape. This in turn leads to robust epithelial maturation across geometries. The conclusion that different nuclear positioning mechanisms are favored in tissues of different morphology highlights the importance of developmental context for the execution of intracellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskra Yanakieva
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Erzberger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marija Matejčić
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carl D Modes
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Caren Norden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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29
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Lavrentyeva EA, Shishova KV, Zatsepina OV. Differences in Nuclear Dynamics in Mouse GV Oocytes with a Diverse Chromatin Configuration. BIOL BULL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359019040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Zhang Y, Wan X, Wang HH, Pan MH, Pan ZN, Sun SC. RAB35 depletion affects spindle formation and actin-based spindle migration in mouse oocyte meiosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 25:359-372. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte maturation involves a unique asymmetric cell division, in which meiotic spindle formation and actin filament-mediated spindle migration to the oocyte cortex are key processes. Here, we report that the vesicle trafficking regulator, RAB35 GTPase, is involved in regulating cytoskeleton dynamics in mouse oocytes. RAB35 GTPase mainly accumulated at the meiotic spindle periphery and cortex during oocyte meiosis. Depletion of RAB35 by morpholino microinjection led to aberrant polar body extrusion and asymmetric division defects in almost half the treated oocytes. We also found that RAB35 affected SIRT2 and αTAT for tubulin acetylation, which further modulated microtubule stability and meiotic spindle formation. Additionally, we found that RAB35 associated with RHOA in oocytes and modulated the ROCK–cofilin pathway for actin assembly, which further facilitated spindle migration for oocyte asymmetric division. Importantly, microinjection of Myc-Rab35 cRNA into RAB35-depleted oocytes could significantly rescue these defects. In summary, our results suggest that RAB35 GTPase has multiple roles in spindle stability and actin-mediated spindle migration in mouse oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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31
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Jin Y, Yang M, Gao C, Yue W, Liang X, Xie B, Zhu X, Fan S, Li R, Li M. Fbxo30 regulates chromosome segregation of oocyte meiosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2217-2229. [PMID: 30980108 PMCID: PMC11105211 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
As the female gamete, meiotic oocytes provide not only half of the genome but also almost all stores for fertilization and early embryonic development. Because de novo mRNA transcription is absent in oocyte meiosis, protein-level regulations, especially the ubiquitin proteasome system, are more crucial. As the largest family of ubiquitin E3 ligases, Skp1-Cullin-F-box complexes recognize their substrates via F-box proteins with substrate-selected specificity. However, the variety of F-box proteins and their unknown substrates hinder our understanding of their functions. In this report, we find that Fbxo30, a new member of F-box proteins, is enriched in mouse oocytes, and its expression level declines substantially after the metaphase of the first meiosis (MI). Notably, depletion of Fbxo30 causes significant chromosome compaction accompanied by chromosome segregation failure and arrest at the MI stage, and this arrest is not caused by over-activation of spindle assembly checkpoint. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric analysis, we identify stem-loop-binding protein (SLBP) as a novel substrate of Fbxo30. SLBP overexpression caused by Fbxo30 depletion results in a remarkable overload of histone H3 on chromosomes that excessively condenses chromosomes and inhibits chromosome segregation. Our finding uncovers an unidentified pathway-controlling chromosome segregation and cell progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Jin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Yue
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Bingteng Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shangrong Fan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Mo Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
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32
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Wan X, Wang H, Li X, Pan Z, Sun S. Loss of PKC mu function induces cytoskeletal defects in mouse oocyte meiosis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18513-18523. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Lan‐Lan Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Hong‐Hui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xiao‐Han Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Zhen‐Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Shao‐Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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33
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Uraji J, Scheffler K, Schuh M. Functions of actin in mouse oocytes at a glance. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/22/jcs218099. [PMID: 30467138 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.218099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gametes undergo a specialized and reductional cell division termed meiosis. Female gametes (oocytes) undergo two rounds of meiosis; the first meiotic division produces the fertilizable egg, while the second meiotic division occurs upon fertilization. Both meiotic divisions are highly asymmetric, producing a large egg and small polar bodies. Actin takes over various essential function during oocyte meiosis, many of which commonly rely on microtubules in mitotic cells. Specifically, the actin network has been linked to long-range vesicle transport, nuclear positioning, spindle migration and anchorage, polar body extrusion and accurate chromosome segregation in mammalian oocytes. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we summarize the many functions of the actin cytoskeleton in oocytes, with a focus on findings from the mouse model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Uraji
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kathleen Scheffler
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melina Schuh
- Department of Meiosis, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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34
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Colin A, Singaravelu P, Théry M, Blanchoin L, Gueroui Z. Actin-Network Architecture Regulates Microtubule Dynamics. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2647-2656.e4. [PMID: 30100343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coordination between actin filaments and microtubules is critical to complete important steps during cell division. For instance, cytoplasmic actin filament dynamics play an active role in the off-center positioning of the spindle during metaphase I in mouse oocytes [1-3] or in gathering the chromosomes to ensure proper spindle formation in starfish oocytes [4, 5], whereas cortical actin filaments control spindle rotation and positioning in adherent cells or in mouse oocytes [6-9]. Several molecular effectors have been found to facilitate anchoring between the meiotic spindle and the cortical actin [10-14]. In vitro reconstitutions have provided detailed insights in the biochemical and physical interactions between microtubules and actin filaments [15-20]. Yet how actin meshwork architecture affects microtubule dynamics is still unclear. Here, we reconstituted microtubule aster in the presence of a meshwork of actin filaments using confined actin-intact Xenopus egg extracts. We found that actin filament branching reduces the lengths and growth rates of microtubules and constrains the mobility of microtubule asters. By reconstituting the interaction between dynamic actin filaments and microtubules in a minimal system based on purified proteins, we found that the branching of actin filaments is sufficient to block microtubule growth and trigger microtubule disassembly. In a further exploration of Xenopus egg extracts, we found that dense and static branched actin meshwork perturbs monopolar spindle assembly by constraining the motion of the spindle pole. Interestingly, monopolar spindle assembly was not constrained in conditions supporting dynamic meshwork rearrangements. We propose that branched actin filament meshwork provides physical barriers that limit microtubule growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Colin
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pavithra Singaravelu
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CytoMorpho Lab, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Théry
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CytoMorpho Lab, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France; Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, CEA, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, UMRS1160, CytoMorpho Lab, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CytoMorpho Lab, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France; Université Paris Diderot, INSERM, CEA, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, UMRS1160, CytoMorpho Lab, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Zoher Gueroui
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
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35
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Spindle tubulin and MTOC asymmetries may explain meiotic drive in oocytes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2952. [PMID: 30054463 PMCID: PMC6063951 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the first meiotic division (MI) of oocytes, the cortically positioned spindle causes bivalent segregation in which only the centre-facing homologue pairs are retained. 'Selfish' chromosomes are known to exist, which bias their spindle orientation and hence retention in the egg, a process known as 'meiotic drive'. Here we report on this phenomenon in oocytes from F1 hybrid mice, where parental strain differences in centromere size allows distinction of the two homologue pairs of a bivalent. Bivalents with centromere and kinetochore asymmetry show meiotic drive by rotating during prometaphase, in a process dependent on aurora kinase activity. Cortically positioned homologue pairs appear to be under greater stretch than their centre-facing partners. Additionally the cortex spindle-half contain a greater density of tubulin and microtubule organising centres. A model is presented in which meiotic drive is explained by the impact of microtubule force asymmetry on chromosomes with different sized centromeres and kinetochores.
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36
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Duan X, Sun SC. Actin cytoskeleton dynamics in mammalian oocyte meiosis†. Biol Reprod 2018; 100:15-24. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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37
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Caridi CP, D'Agostino C, Ryu T, Zapotoczny G, Delabaere L, Li X, Khodaverdian VY, Amaral N, Lin E, Rau AR, Chiolo I. Nuclear F-actin and myosins drive relocalization of heterochromatic breaks. Nature 2018; 559:54-60. [PMID: 29925946 PMCID: PMC6051730 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterochromatin mainly comprises repeated DNA sequences that are prone to ectopic recombination. In Drosophila cells, 'safe' repair of heterochromatic double-strand breaks by homologous recombination relies on the relocalization of repair sites to the nuclear periphery before strand invasion. The mechanisms responsible for this movement were unknown. Here we show that relocalization occurs by directed motion along nuclear actin filaments assembled at repair sites by the Arp2/3 complex. Relocalization requires nuclear myosins associated with the heterochromatin repair complex Smc5/6 and the myosin activator Unc45, which is recruited to repair sites by Smc5/6. ARP2/3, actin nucleation and myosins also relocalize heterochromatic double-strand breaks in mouse cells. Defects in this pathway result in impaired heterochromatin repair and chromosome rearrangements. These findings identify de novo nuclear actin filaments and myosins as effectors of chromatin dynamics for heterochromatin repair and stability in multicellular eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Caridi
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carla D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Taehyun Ryu
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Grzegorz Zapotoczny
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laetitia Delabaere
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Varandt Y Khodaverdian
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nuno Amaral
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily Lin
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alesandra R Rau
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irene Chiolo
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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38
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Marlow FL. Recent advances in understanding oogenesis: interactions with the cytoskeleton, microtubule organization, and meiotic spindle assembly in oocytes. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 29755732 PMCID: PMC5911934 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13837.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal control of development begins with production of the oocyte during oogenesis. All of the factors necessary to complete oocyte maturation, meiosis, fertilization, and early development are produced in the transcriptionally active early oocyte. Active transcription of the maternal genome is a mechanism to ensure that the oocyte and development of the early embryo begin with all of the factors needed for successful embryonic development. To achieve the maximum maternal store, only one functional cell is produced from the meiotic divisions that produce the oocyte. The oocyte receives the bulk of the maternal cytoplasm and thus is significantly larger than its sister cells, the tiny polar bodies, which receive a copy of the maternal genome but essentially none of the maternal cytoplasm. This asymmetric division is accomplished by an enormous cell that is depleted of centrosomes in early oogenesis; thus, meiotic divisions in oocytes are distinct from those of mitotic cells. Therefore, these cells must partition the chromosomes faithfully to ensure euploidy by using mechanisms that do not rely on a conventional centrosome-based mitotic spindle. Several mechanisms that contribute to assembly and maintenance of the meiotic spindle in oocytes have been identified; however, none is fully understood. In recent years, there have been many exciting and significant advances in oogenesis, contributed by studies using a myriad of systems. Regrettably, I cannot adequately cover all of the important advances here and so I apologize to those whose beautiful work has not been included. This review focuses on a few of the most recent studies, conducted by several groups, using invertebrate and vertebrate systems, that have provided mechanistic insight into how microtubule assembly and meiotic spindle morphogenesis are controlled in the absence of centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence L Marlow
- Department of Cell Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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39
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Duan X, Zhang Y, Chen KL, Zhang HL, Wu LL, Liu HL, Wang ZB, Sun SC. The small GTPase RhoA regulates the LIMK1/2-cofilin pathway to modulate cytoskeletal dynamics in oocyte meiosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6088-6097. [PMID: 29319181 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
LIM kinases (LIMK1/2) are LIM domain-containing serine/threonine/tyrosine kinases that mediate multiple cellular processes in mitosis. In the present study, we explored the functional roles and potential signaling pathway of LIMK1/2 during mouse oocyte meiosis. Disruption of LIMK1/2 activity and expression significantly decreased oocyte polar body extrusion. Live-cell imaging revealed that spindle migration was disturbed after both LIMK1 and LIMK2 knock down, and this might be due to aberrant distribution of actin filaments in the oocyte cytoplasm and cortex. Meanwhile, our results demonstrated that the function of LIMK1 and LIMK2 in actin assembly was related to cofilin phosphorylation levels. In addition, disruption of LIMK1/2 activity significantly increased the percentage of oocytes with abnormal spindle morphologies, which was confirmed by the abnormal p-MAPK localization. We further, explored the upstream molecules of LIMK1/2, and we found that after depletion of ROCK, phosphorylation of LIMK1/2 and cofilin were significantly decreased. Moreover, RhoA inhibition caused the decreased expression of ROCK, p-LIMK1/2, and cofilin. In summary, our results indicated that the small GTPase RhoA regulated LIMK1/2-cofilin to modulate cytoskeletal dynamics during mouse oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun-Lin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan-Lan Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Lin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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40
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Panzica MT, McNally FJ. Mechanisms that prevent catastrophic interactions between paternal chromosomes and the oocyte meiotic spindle. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:529-534. [PMID: 29375006 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1431495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis produces haploid gametes by accurately reducing chromosome ploidy through one round of DNA replication and two subsequent rounds of chromosome segregation and cell division. The cell divisions of female meiosis are highly asymmetric and give rise to a large egg and two very small polar bodies that do not contribute to development. These asymmetric divisions are driven by meiotic spindles that are small relative to the size of the egg and have one pole juxtaposed against the cell cortex to promote polar body extrusion. An additional unique feature of female meiosis is that fertilization occurs before extrusion of the second polar body in nearly all animal species. Thus sperm-derived chromosomes are present in the egg during female meiosis. Here, we explore the idea that the asymmetry of female meiosis spatially separates the sperm from the meiotic spindle to prevent detrimental interactions between the spindle and the paternal chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Panzica
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of California , Davis , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Francis J McNally
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of California , Davis , Davis , CA , USA
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41
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Xie B, Zhang L, Zhao H, Bai Q, Fan Y, Zhu X, Yu Y, Li R, Liang X, Sun QY, Li M, Qiao J. Poly(ADP-ribose) mediates asymmetric division of mouse oocyte. Cell Res 2018; 28:462-475. [PMID: 29463901 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Before fertilization, mammalian oocyte undergoes an asymmetric division which depends on eccentric positioning of the spindle at the oocyte cortex to form a polar body and an egg. Since the centriole is absent and, as a result, the polar array microtubules are not fully developed in oocytes, microtubules have seldom been considered as required for eccentric positioning of the spindle, while actin-related forces have instead been proposed to be primarily responsible for this process. However, the existing models are largely conflicting and the underlying mechanism of asymmetric division is still elusive. Here we show that poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is enriched at mouse oocyte cortical area throughout meiosis. Specific removal of cortical PAR results in an ectopic spindle and a failure of asymmetric division. During spindle migration, when the spindle deviates from the center of oocyte by a pushing force of cytoplasmic actin, the short polar array microtubules emanating from the juxtacortical spindle pole extend to the cortex and penetrate into cortical PAR, docking and stabilizing the spindle at the cortex which facilitates the asymmetric division. This process depends on the affinity between PAR and microtubule-associated proteins such as Spindly, which contributes to a physical link for cortical PAR and the spindle. Notably, fusing a PAR-binding domain to end-binding protein 3, a plus-end tracking protein at the polar array microtubules, restores the asymmetric division of oocytes with Spindly knockdown. Thus, our work demonstrates a comprehensive mechanism for oocyte spindle positioning and asymmetric division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingteng Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyun Bai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510150, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, 100191, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, 100191, Beijing, China.
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42
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Vesicular transport protein Arf6 modulates cytoskeleton dynamics for polar body extrusion in mouse oocyte meiosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:455-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Li L, Han L, Zhang J, Liu X, Ma R, Hou X, Ge J, Wang Q. Epsin2 promotes polarity establishment and meiotic division through activating Cdc42 in mouse oocyte. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50927-50936. [PMID: 27463009 PMCID: PMC5239448 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epsins are a conserved family of endocytic adaptors essential for diverse biological events. However, its role in oocytes remains completely unknown. Here, we report that specific depletion of Epsin2 in mouse oocytes significantly disrupts meiotic progression. Confocal microscopy reveals that Epsin2 knockdown results in the failure of actin cap formation and polar body extrusion during meiosis, indicative of the importance of Epsin2 in polarity establishment and cytokinesis. In addition, spindle defects and chromosome misalignment are readily observed in oocytes depleted of Epsin2. Moreover, we find that Epsin2 knockdown markedly decreases the activity of Cdc42 in oocytes and importantly, that the dominant-positive mutant of Cdc42 (Cdc42Q61L) is capable of partially rescuing the deficient phenotypes of Epsin2-knockdown oocytes. Together, our data identify Epsin2 as a novel player in regulating oocyte maturation, and demonstrate that Epsin2 promotes polarity establishment and meiotic division via activating Cdc42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longsen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rujun Ma
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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44
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Lu X, Gao Z, Qin D, Li L. A Maternal Functional Module in the Mammalian Oocyte-To-Embryo Transition. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:1014-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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45
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Gao Z, Zhang X, Yu X, Qin D, Xiao Y, Yu Y, Xiang Y, Nie X, Lu X, Liu W, Yi Z, Li L. Zbed3 participates in the subcortical maternal complex and regulates the distribution of organelles. J Mol Cell Biol 2017; 10:74-88. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xukun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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46
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Zhou D, Choi YJ, Kim JH. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an essential factor for oocyte maturation and asymmetric division in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8131. [PMID: 28811599 PMCID: PMC5557833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubastatin A (Tub-A), a highly selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor, has been widely used as a cytotoxic anticancer agent, or for the treatment of patients with asthma. However, the potential toxicity of Tub-A on oocyte maturation and asymmetric division is still unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the effect and potential regulatory role of Tub-A on the meiotic maturation of oocytes. We observed that Tub-A treatment induced an increased level of the acetylation of α-tubulin, and a failure of spindle migration and actin cap formation. Based on the spindle structure, most Tub-A treated oocytes were arrested in an MI-like or a GVBD-like stage and exhibited decondensed chromosomes in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, Tub-A treatment decreased the protein expression of mTOR, a factor responsible for spindle formation, and the expression of mDia1, an inhibitor of actin assembly, in an HDAC6 expression-dependent manner. Importantly, following Tub-A supplementation, most oocytes failed to extrude the first polar body, which indicates that these defects are closely linked to abnormal oocyte maturation. Taken together, our data demonstrates that HDAC6 is one of the essential factors for oocyte maturation and asymmetric division via the HDAC6/mTOR or mDia1 pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Humanized Pig Research Center (SRC), Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Liu X, Liu X, Chen D, Jiang X, Ma W. PLD2 regulates microtubule stability and spindle migration in mouse oocytes during meiotic division. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3295. [PMID: 28533957 PMCID: PMC5436581 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) is involved in cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, cell cycle progression, transcriptional control and vesicle trafficking. There is no evidence about PLD2 function in oocytes during meiosis. Herein, we analyzed PLD2 expression and its relationship with spindle formation and positioning in mouse oocyte meiosis. High protein level of PLD2 was revealed in oocytes by Western blot, which remained consistently stable from prophase I with intact germinal vesicle (GV) up to metaphase II (MII) stage. Immunofluorescence showed that PLD2 appeared and gathered around the condensed chromosomesafter germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and co-localized with spindle from pro-metaphase I (pro-MI) to metaphase I (MI) and at MII stage. During anaphase I (Ana I) to telophase I (Tel I) transition, PLD2 was concentrated in the spindle polar area but absent from the midbody. In oocytes incubated with NFOT, an allosteric and catalytic inhibitor to PLD2, the spindle was enlarged and center-positioned, microtubules were resistant to cold-induced depolymerization and, additionally, the meiotic progression was arrested at MI stage. However, spindle migration could not be totally prevented by PLD2 catalytic specific inhibitors, FIPI and 1-butanol, implying at least partially, that PLD2 effect on spindle migration needs non-catalytic domain participation. NFOT-induced defects also resulted in actin-related molecules’ distribution alteration, such as RhoA, phosphatidylinosital 4, 5- biphosphate (PIP2), phosphorylated Colifin and, consequently, unordered F-actin dynamics. Taken together, these data indicate PLD2 is required for the regulation of microtubule dynamics and spindle migration toward the cortex in mammalian oocytes during meiotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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48
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Chen MH, Liu Y, Wang YL, Liu R, Xu BH, Zhang F, Li FP, Xu L, Lin YH, He SW, Liao BQ, Fu XP, Wang XX, Yang XJ, Wang HL. KIF2A regulates the spindle assembly and the metaphase I-anaphase I transition in mouse oocyte. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39337. [PMID: 27991556 PMCID: PMC5171862 DOI: 10.1038/srep39337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
KIF2A, a member of the kinesin-13 family, has been reported to play a role in spindle assembly in mitosis. However, its function in mammalian meiosis remains unknown. In this research, we examined the expression, localization and function of KIF2A during mouse oocyte meiosis. KIF2A was expressed in some key stages in mouse oocyte meiosis. Immunofluorescent staining showed that KIF2A distributed in the germinal vesicle at the germinal vesicle stage and as the spindle assembling after meiosis resumption, KIF2A gradually accumulated to the entire spindle. The treatment of oocytes with taxol and nocodazole demonstrated that KIF2A was co-localized with α-tubulin. Depletion of KIF2A by specific short interfering (si) RNA injection resulted in abnormal spindle assembly, failure of spindle migration, misaligned chromosomes and asymmetric cell division. Meanwhile, SKA1 expression level was decreased and the TACC3 localization was disrupted. Moreover, depletion of KIF2A disrupted the actin cap formation, arrested oocytes at metaphase I with spindle assembly checkpoint protein BubR1 activated and finally reduced the rate of the first polar body extrusion. Our data indicate that KIF2A regulates the spindle assembly, asymmetric cytokinesis and the metaphase I-anaphase I transition in mouse oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Huang Chen
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Ya-Long Wang
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongxin Hospital, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Bai-Hui Xu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Fei-Ping Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Biological College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Hong Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Wen He
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Bao-Qiong Liao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Xian-Pei Fu
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China
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49
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Colin A, Bonnemay L, Gayrard C, Gautier J, Gueroui Z. Triggering signaling pathways using F-actin self-organization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34657. [PMID: 27698406 PMCID: PMC5048156 DOI: 10.1038/srep34657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal organization of proteins within cells is essential for cell fate behavior. Although it is known that the cytoskeleton is vital for numerous cellular functions, it remains unclear how cytoskeletal activity can shape and control signaling pathways in space and time throughout the cell cytoplasm. Here we show that F-actin self-organization can trigger signaling pathways by engineering two novel properties of the microfilament self-organization: (1) the confinement of signaling proteins and (2) their scaffolding along actin polymers. Using in vitro reconstitutions of cellular functions, we found that both the confinement of nanoparticle-based signaling platforms powered by F-actin contractility and the scaffolding of engineered signaling proteins along actin microfilaments can drive a signaling switch. Using Ran-dependent microtubule nucleation, we found that F-actin dynamics promotes the robust assembly of microtubules. Our in vitro assay is a first step towards the development of novel bottom-up strategies to decipher the interplay between cytoskeleton spatial organization and signaling pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Colin
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Department of Chemistry PSL Research University-CNRS-ENS-UPMC 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - L. Bonnemay
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Department of Chemistry PSL Research University-CNRS-ENS-UPMC 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - C. Gayrard
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Department of Chemistry PSL Research University-CNRS-ENS-UPMC 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - J. Gautier
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Department of Chemistry PSL Research University-CNRS-ENS-UPMC 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Z. Gueroui
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Department of Chemistry PSL Research University-CNRS-ENS-UPMC 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
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50
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Po'uha ST, Kavallaris M. Gamma-actin is involved in regulating centrosome function and mitotic progression in cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3908-19. [PMID: 26697841 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1120920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during mitosis is crucial for regulating cell division. A functional role for γ-actin in mitotic arrest induced by the microtubule-targeted agent, paclitaxel, has recently been demonstrated. We hypothesized that γ-actin plays a role in mitosis. Herein, we investigated the effect of γ-actin in mitosis and demonstrated that γ-actin is important in the distribution of β-actin and formation of actin-rich retraction fibers during mitosis. The reduced ability of paclitaxel to induce mitotic arrest as a result of γ-actin depletion was replicated with a range of mitotic inhibitors, suggesting that γ-actin loss reduces the ability of broad classes of anti-mitotic agents to induce mitotic arrest. In addition, partial depletion of γ-actin enhanced centrosome amplification in cancer cells and caused a significant delay in prometaphase/metaphase. This prolonged prometaphase/metaphase arrest was due to mitotic defects such as uncongressed and missegregated chromosomes, and correlated with an increased presence of mitotic spindle abnormalities in the γ-actin depleted cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate a previously unknown role for γ-actin in regulating centrosome function, chromosome alignment and maintenance of mitotic spindle integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sela T Po'uha
- a Children's Cancer Institute; Lowy Cancer Research Center; University of New South Wales ; Randwick , NSW , Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- a Children's Cancer Institute; Lowy Cancer Research Center; University of New South Wales ; Randwick , NSW , Australia.,b ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology; Australian Center for Nanomedicine; University of New South Wales ; Sydney , Australia
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