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Hou L, Hong H, Cao W, Wei L, Weng L, Yuan S, Xiao C, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Lai D. Identification and characterization of multipotential stem cells in immortalized normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:239-254. [PMID: 38243680 PMCID: PMC10984850 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) is a single layer of squamous-to-cuboidal epithelial cells that experience repetitive ovulatory rupture and subsequent repair. However, the characteristics of human immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells (IOSE80) remain elusive. This study aims to determine whether IOSE80 cells have the characteristics of stem cell proliferation and multilineage differentiation and their application in regenerative medicine. IOSE80 cells are sequenced by high-throughput transcriptome analysis, and 5 sets of public data are used to compare the differences between IOSE80 cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, and oocytes in transcriptome profiling. The IOSE80 cells present a cobblestone-like monolayer and express the epithelial cell marker KRT18; the stem cell markers IFITM3, ALDH1A1, and VIM; lowly express stem cell marker LGR5 and germ cell markers DDX4 and DAZL. In addition, the GO terms "regulation of stem cell proliferation", "epithelial cell proliferation", etc., are significantly enriched ( P<0.05). IOSE80 cells have the potential to act as mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into adipocytes with lipid droplets, osteoblasts, and chondroblasts in vitro. IOSE80 cells express pluripotent stem cell markers, including OCT4, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81, and they can be induced into three germ layers in vitro. IOSE80 cells also form oocyte-like cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, IOSE80 cells exhibit robust proliferation, migration, and ovarian repair functions after in vivo transplantation. This study demonstrates that IOSE80 cells have the characteristics of pluripotent/multipotent stem cells, indicating their important role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hou
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original DiseasesShanghai200030China
| | - Hanqing Hong
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original DiseasesShanghai200030China
| | - Wenjiao Cao
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original DiseasesShanghai200030China
| | - Liutong Wei
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original DiseasesShanghai200030China
| | - Lichun Weng
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original DiseasesShanghai200030China
| | - Shuang Yuan
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original DiseasesShanghai200030China
| | - Chengqi Xiao
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original DiseasesShanghai200030China
| | - Qiuwan Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original DiseasesShanghai200030China
| | - Qian Wang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original DiseasesShanghai200030China
| | - Dongmei Lai
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original DiseasesShanghai200030China
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Wang JJ, Ge W, Zhai QY, Liu JC, Sun XW, Liu WX, Li L, Lei CZ, Dyce PW, De Felici M, Shen W. Single-cell transcriptome landscape of ovarian cells during primordial follicle assembly in mice. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3001025. [PMID: 33351795 PMCID: PMC7787681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primordial follicle assembly in the mouse occurs during perinatal ages and largely determines the ovarian reserve that will be available to support the reproductive life span. The development of primordial follicles is controlled by a complex network of interactions between oocytes and ovarian somatic cells that remain poorly understood. In the present research, using single-cell RNA sequencing performed over a time series on murine ovaries, coupled with several bioinformatics analyses, the complete dynamic genetic programs of germ and granulosa cells from E16.5 to postnatal day (PD) 3 were reported. Along with confirming the previously reported expression of genes by germ cells and granulosa cells, our analyses identified 5 distinct cell clusters associated with germ cells and 6 with granulosa cells. Consequently, several new genes expressed at significant levels at each investigated stage were assigned. By building single-cell pseudotemporal trajectories, 3 states and 1 branch point of fate transition for the germ cells were revealed, as well as for the granulosa cells. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment enabled identification of the biological process most represented in germ cells and granulosa cells or common to both cell types at each specific stage, and the interactions of germ cells and granulosa cells basing on known and novel pathway were presented. Finally, by using single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) algorithm, we were able to establish a network of regulons that can be postulated as likely candidates for sustaining germ cell-specific transcription programs throughout the period of investigation. Above all, this study provides the whole transcriptome landscape of ovarian cells and unearths new insights during primordial follicle assembly in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Cai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chu-Zhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Paul W. Dyce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Fu A, Oberholtzer SM, Bagheri-Fam S, Rastetter RH, Holdreith C, Caceres VL, John SV, Shaw SA, Krentz KJ, Zhang X, Hui CC, Wilhelm D, Jorgensen JS. Dynamic expression patterns of Irx3 and Irx5 during germline nest breakdown and primordial follicle formation promote follicle survival in mouse ovaries. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007488. [PMID: 30071018 PMCID: PMC6071956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Women and other mammalian females are born with a finite supply of oocytes that determine their reproductive lifespan. During fetal development, individual oocytes are enclosed by a protective layer of granulosa cells to form primordial follicles that will grow, mature, and eventually release the oocyte for potential fertilization. Despite the knowledge that follicles are dysfunctional and will die without granulosa cell-oocyte interactions, the mechanisms by which these cells establish communication is unknown. We previously identified that two members of the Iroquois homeobox transcription factor gene family, Irx3 and Irx5, are expressed within developing ovaries but not testes. Deletion of both factors (Irx3-Irx5EGFP/Irx3-Irx5EGFP) disrupted granulosa cell-oocyte contact during early follicle development leading to oocyte death. Thus, we hypothesized that Irx3 and Irx5 are required to develop cell-cell communication networks to maintain follicle integrity and female fertility. A series of Irx3 and Irx5 mutant mouse models were generated to assess roles for each factor. While both Irx3 and Irx5 single mutant females were subfertile, their breeding outcomes and ovary histology indicated distinct causes. Careful analysis of Irx3- and Irx5-reporter mice linked the cause of this disparity to dynamic spatio-temporal changes in their expression patterns. Both factors marked the progenitor pre-granulosa cell population in fetal ovaries. At the critical phase of germline nest breakdown and primordial follicle formation however, Irx3 and Irx5 transitioned to oocyte- and granulosa cell-specific expression respectively. Further investigation into the cause of follicle death in Irx3-Irx5EGFP/Irx3-Irx5EGFP ovaries uncovered specific defects in both granulosa cells and oocytes. Granulosa cell defects included poor contributions to basement membrane deposition and mis-localization of gap junction proteins. Granulosa cells and oocytes both presented fewer cell projections resulting in compromised cell-cell communication. Altogether, we conclude that Irx3 and Irx5 first work together to define the pregranulosa cell population of germline nests. During primordial follicle formation, they transition to oocyte- and granulosa cell-specific expression patterns where they cooperate in neighboring cells to build the foundation for follicle integrity. This foundation is left as their legacy of the essential oocyte-granulosa cell communication network that ensures and ultimately optimizes the integrity of the ovarian reserve and therefore, the female reproductive lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Fu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sydney M. Oberholtzer
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Stefan Bagheri-Fam
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raphael H. Rastetter
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Holdreith
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Valeria L. Caceres
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Steven V. John
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Shaw
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathleen J. Krentz
- Genome Editing and Animal Models Core, Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chi-chung Hui
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dagmar Wilhelm
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joan S. Jorgensen
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang C, Zhou B, Xia G. Mechanisms controlling germline cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2547-2566. [PMID: 28197668 PMCID: PMC11107689 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In fetal females, oogonia proliferate immediately after sex determination. The progress of mitosis in oogonia proceeds so rapidly that the incompletely divided cytoplasm of the sister cells forms cysts. The oogonia will then initiate meiosis and arrest at the diplotene stage of meiosis I, becoming oocytes. Within each germline cyst, oocytes with Balbiani bodies will survive after cyst breakdown (CBD). After CBD, each oocyte is enclosed by pre-granulosa cells to form a primordial follicle (PF). Notably, the PF pool formed perinatally will be the sole lifelong oocyte source of a female. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms of CBD and PF formation is not only meaningful for solving mysteries related to ovarian development but also contributes to the preservation of reproduction. However, the mechanisms that regulate these phenomena are largely unknown. This review summarizes the progress of cellular and molecular research on these processes in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Li S, Winuthayanon W. Oviduct: roles in fertilization and early embryo development. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R1-R26. [PMID: 27875265 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Animal oviducts and human Fallopian tubes are a part of the female reproductive tract that hosts fertilization and pre-implantation development of the embryo. With an increasing understanding of roles of the oviduct at the cellular and molecular levels, current research signifies the importance of the oviduct on naturally conceived fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development. This review highlights the physiological conditions within the oviduct during fertilization, environmental regulation, oviductal fluid composition and its role in protecting embryos and supplying nutrients. Finally, the review compares different aspects of naturally occurring fertilization and assisted reproductive technology (ART)-achieved fertilization and embryo development, giving insight into potential areas for improvement in this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- School of Molecular BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Wipawee Winuthayanon
- School of Molecular BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Virant-Klun I, Stimpfel M. Novel population of small tumour-initiating stem cells in the ovaries of women with borderline ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34730. [PMID: 27703207 PMCID: PMC5050448 DOI: 10.1038/srep34730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small stem cells with diameters of up to 5 μm previously isolated from adult human ovaries indicated pluripotency and germinal lineage, especially primordial germ cells, and developed into primitive oocyte-like cells in vitro. Here, we show that a comparable population of small stem cells can be found in the ovarian tissue of women with borderline ovarian cancer, which, in contrast to small stem cells in "healthy" ovaries, formed spontaneous tumour-like structures and expressed some markers related to pluripotency and germinal lineage. The gene expression profile of these small putative cancer stem cells differed from similar cells sorted from "healthy" ovaries by 132 upregulated and 97 downregulated genes, including some important forkhead box and homeobox genes related to transcription regulation, developmental processes, embryogenesis, and ovarian cancer. These putative cancer stem cells are suggested to be a novel population of ovarian tumour-initiating cells in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Virant-Klun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Stimpfel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Virant-Klun I, Kenda-Suster N, Smrkolj S. Small putative NANOG, SOX2, and SSEA-4-positive stem cells resembling very small embryonic-like stem cells in sections of ovarian tissue in patients with ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:12. [PMID: 26940129 PMCID: PMC4778328 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies it has been found that in cell cultures of human adult ovaries there is a population of small stem cells with diameters of 2-4 μm, which are present mainly in the ovarian surface epithelium and are comparable to very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) from bone marrow. These cells are not observed by histopathologists in the ovarian tissue due to their small size and unknown clinical significance. Because these cells express a degree of pluripotency, they might be involved in the manifestation of ovarian cancer. Therefore we studied the ovarian tissue sections in women with borderline ovarian cancer and serous ovarian carcinoma to perhaps identify the small putative stem cells in situ. METHODS In 27 women with borderline ovarian cancer and 20 women with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma the ovarian tissue sections were stained, per standard practice, with eosin and hematoxylin staining and on NANOG, SSEA-4 and SOX2 markers, related to pluripotency, using immunohistochemistry. We focused on the presence and localization of small putative stem cells with diameters of up to 5 μm and with the nuclei spread over nearly the full cell volume. RESULTS In ovarian sections of both borderline ovarian cancer and serous ovarian carcinoma patients we were able to identify the presence of small round cells complying with the above criteria. Some of these small cells were NANOG-positive, were located among epithelial cells in the ovarian surface epithelium and as a single cell or groups of cells/clusters in typical "chambers", were found only in the presence of ovarian cancer and not in healthy ovaries and are comparable to those in fetal ovaries. We envision that these small cells could be related to NANOG-positive tumor-like structures and oocyte-like cells in similar "chambers" found in sections of cancerous ovaries, which could support their stemness and pluripotency. Further immunohistochemistry revealed a similar population of SSEA-4 and SOX2-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS We may conclude that putative small stem cells expressing markers, related to pluripotency, are present in the ovarian tissue sections of women with borderline ovarian cancer and high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma thus indicating their potential involvement in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Virant-Klun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slajmerjeva 3, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Natasa Kenda-Suster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slajmerjeva 3, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Spela Smrkolj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slajmerjeva 3, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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