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A New Regioselective Synthesis of the Cysteine-Rich Peptide Linaclotide. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031007. [PMID: 36770675 PMCID: PMC9919235 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Linaclotide is a 14-amino acid residue peptide approved by the FDA for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), which activates guanylate cyclase C to accelerate intestinal transit. Here we show a new method for the synthesis of linaclotide through the completely selective formation of three disulfide bonds in satisfactory overall yields via mild oxidation reactions of the solid phase and liquid phase, using 4-methoxytrityl (Mmt), diphenylmethyl (Dpm) and 2-nitrobenzyl (O-NBn) protecting groups of cysteine as substrate, respectively.
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2
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Zha J, Li J, Fan S, Duan Z, Zhao Y, Wu C. An evolution-inspired strategy to design disulfide-rich peptides tolerant to extensive sequence manipulation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11464-11472. [PMID: 34567500 PMCID: PMC8409457 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02952e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural disulfide-rich peptides (DRPs) are valuable scaffolds for the development of new bioactive molecules and therapeutics. However, there are only a limited number of topologically distinct DRP folds in nature, and most of them suffer from the problem of in vitro oxidative folding. Thus, strategies to design DRPs with new constrained topologies beyond the scope of natural folds are desired. Herein we report a general evolution-inspired strategy to design new DRPs with diverse disulfide frameworks, which relies on the incorporation of two cysteine residues and a random peptide sequence into a precursor disulfide-stabilized fold. These peptides can spontaneously fold in redox buffers to the expected tricyclic topologies with high yields. Moreover, we demonstrated that these DRPs can be used as templates for the construction of phage-displayed peptide libraries, enabling the discovery of new DRP ligands from fully randomized sequences. This study thus paves the way for the development of new DRP ligands and therapeutics with structures not derived from natural DRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China .,College of Continuing Education, Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Jinjing Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Shihui Fan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Zengping Duan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
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3
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General synthetic strategy for regioselective ultrafast formation of disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins. Nat Commun 2021; 12:870. [PMID: 33558523 PMCID: PMC7870662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite six decades of efforts to synthesize peptides and proteins bearing multiple disulfide bonds, this synthetic challenge remains an unsolved problem in most targets (e.g., knotted mini proteins). Here we show a de novo general synthetic strategy for the ultrafast, high-yielding formation of two and three disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins. We develop an approach based on the combination of a small molecule, ultraviolet-light, and palladium for chemo- and regio-selective activation of cysteine, which enables the one-pot formation of multiple disulfide bonds in various peptides and proteins. We prepare bioactive targets of high therapeutic potential, including conotoxin, RANTES, EETI-II, and plectasin peptides and the linaclotide drug. We anticipate that this strategy will be a game-changer in preparing millions of inaccessible targets for drug discovery.
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4
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Lu S, Wu Y, Li J, Meng X, Hu C, Zhao Y, Wu C. Directed Disulfide Pairing and Folding of Peptides for the De Novo Development of Multicyclic Peptide Libraries. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16285-16291. [PMID: 32914969 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide-rich peptides (DRPs) have been an emerging frontier for drug discovery. There have been two DRPs approved as drugs (i.e., Ziconotide and Linaclotide), and many others are undergoing preclinical studies or in clinical trials. All of these DRPs are of nature origin or derived from natural peptides. It is still a challenge to design new DRPs without recourse to natural scaffolds due to the difficulty in handling the disulfide pairing. Here we developed a simple and robust strategy for directing the disulfide pairing and folding of peptides with up to six cysteine residues. Our strategy exploits the dimeric pairing of CPPC (cysteine-proline-proline-cysteine) motifs for directing disulfide formation, and DRPs with different multicyclic topologies were designed and synthesized by regulating the patterns of CPPC motifs and cysteine residues in peptides. As neither sequence manipulations nor unnatural amino acids are involved, the designed DRPs can be used as templates for the de novo development of biosynthetic multicyclic peptide libraries, enabling selection of DRPs with new functions directly from fully randomized sequences. We believe that this work represents as an important step toward the discovery and design of new multicyclic peptide ligands and therapeutics with structures not derived from natural scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaimin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yapei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Meng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Chenliang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
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5
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Tezuka Y. Topological Polymer Chemistry: A Personal Reflection Upon the Evolution and Prospects of Synthetic Macromolecular Chemistry. Isr J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Agouridas V, El Mahdi O, Diemer V, Cargoët M, Monbaliu JCM, Melnyk O. Native Chemical Ligation and Extended Methods: Mechanisms, Catalysis, Scope, and Limitations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7328-7443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Agouridas
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ouafâa El Mahdi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 1223 Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Vincent Diemer
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marine Cargoët
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Building B6a, Room 3/16a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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7
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Evaluation of Chemical Strategies for Improving the Stability and Oral Toxicity of Insecticidal Peptides. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030090. [PMID: 30154370 PMCID: PMC6164231 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider venoms are a rich source of insecticidal peptide toxins. Their development as bioinsecticides has, however, been hampered due to concerns about potential lack of stability and oral bioactivity. We therefore systematically evaluated several synthetic strategies to increase the stability and oral potency of the potent insecticidal spider-venom peptide ω-HXTX-Hv1a (Hv1a). Selective chemical replacement of disulfide bridges with diselenide bonds and N- to C-terminal cyclization were anticipated to improve Hv1a resistance to proteolytic digestion, and thereby its activity when delivered orally. We found that native Hv1a is orally active in blowflies, but 91-fold less potent than when administered by injection. Introduction of a single diselenide bond had no effect on the susceptibility to scrambling or the oral activity of Hv1a. N- to C-terminal cyclization of the peptide backbone did not significantly improve the potency of Hv1a when injected into blowflies and it led to a significant decrease in oral activity. We show that this is likely due to a dramatically reduced rate of translocation of cyclic Hv1a across the insect midgut, highlighting the importance of testing bioavailability in addition to toxin stability.
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8
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Bernardino K, Pinto MEF, Bolzani VS, de Moura AF, Batista Junior JM. Pinpointing disulfide connectivities in cysteine-rich proteins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:7337-7340. [PMID: 28508909 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02333b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple MD-based protocol is presented to accurately predict both the sequence and order of disulfide bond formation in proteins containing multiple cysteine residues. It provides a detailed description of their dynamical and structural features, which can be used to perform ensemble-averaged ECD calculations. Plant cyclotides are used as model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bernardino
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
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9
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Zheng Y, Meng X, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Wu C. De novo design of constrained and sequence-independent peptide scaffolds with topologically-formidable disulfide connectivities. Chem Sci 2018; 9:569-575. [PMID: 29629120 PMCID: PMC5869988 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03956e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide-rich peptides are interesting scaffolds for drug design and discovery. However, peptide scaffolds constrained by disulfide bonds, either naturally occurring or computationally designed, have been suffering from the elusive (oxidative) folding behavior complying with Anfinsen's dogma, which strongly restricts their applicability in bioactive peptide design and discovery; because when primary peptide sequences are extensively manipulated, their disulfide connectivities might become scrambled. Here we present the design of cysteine/penicillamine (C/Pen)-mixed peptide frameworks that are capable of folding into specific regioisomers without dependence on primary amino acid sequences. Even certain folds that are considered to be topologically formidable can be generated in high yields. Currently, almost all disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds are vitally correlated to primary amino acid sequences, but ours are exceptional. These scaffolds should be of particular interest for further designing constrained peptides with new structures and functions, and more importantly, the ultimately designed peptides would not suffer from general oxidative folding problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P. R. China .
| | - Xiaoting Meng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P. R. China .
| | - Yaqi Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P. R. China .
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P. R. China .
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P. R. China .
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10
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Li Z, Xie J, Peng S, Liu S, Wang Y, Lu W, Shen J, Li C. Novel Strategy Utilizing Extracellular Cysteine-Rich Domain of Membrane Receptor for Constructing d-Peptide Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: A Case Study on Fn14. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2167-2179. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxuan Li
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Jing Xie
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Shan Peng
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Sha Liu
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- School
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Chong Li
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
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11
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Honda S, Adachi K, Yamamoto T, Tezuka Y. A Twisting Ring Polymer: Synthesis and Thermally Induced Chiroptical Responses of a Cyclic Poly(tetrahydrofuran) Having Axially Chiral Units. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Honda
- Department
of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kaoru Adachi
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tezuka
- Department
of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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12
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Zheng Y, Li Z, Ren J, Liu W, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Wu C. Artificial disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds with precisely defined disulfide patterns and a minimized number of isomers. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2547-2552. [PMID: 28553486 PMCID: PMC5431680 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05710a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide-rich peptides are emerging as potential templates for drug design applications. However, the synthesis and reengineering of disulfide-rich peptides are challenging, owing to the complexity of the oxidative folding process involving a number of diverse isomeric structures. Novel disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds that are not besieged by their disulfide isomers are still greatly desired. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of a novel class of artificial disulfide-rich peptide scaffolds with precisely defined disulfide patterns and a minimized number of isomers. In theory, natural peptides with three disulfide bonds have 15 possible isomers. By rationally engineering the thiol-framework of a peptide containing six cysteines with penicillamines and a dithiol amino acid, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the total number of isomers formed after oxidative folding can be decreased to a minimum of two (i.e., from 15 to 2). As fewer isomeric folds are involved in the oxidative folding, the pathway of the folding becomes more concise and the yield of the artificial scaffolds is substantially increased compared to that of its six-cysteine-containing analogue, which makes the artificial disulfide-rich scaffolds (with only 2 predefined isomeric folds) extremely promising for being exploited as structurally complex templates for the design of peptide therapeutics and ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Zhuoru Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Jing Ren
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Weidong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Yaqi Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation , State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P.R. China .
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13
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Long W, Panigrahi R, Panwar P, Wong K, O′Neill D, Chen XZ, Lemieux MJ, Cheeseman CI. Identification of Key Residues for Urate Specific Transport in Human Glucose Transporter 9 (hSLC2A9). Sci Rep 2017; 7:41167. [PMID: 28117388 PMCID: PMC5259734 DOI: 10.1038/srep41167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human glucose transporter 9 (hSLC2A9) is critical in human urate homeostasis, for which very small deviations can lead to chronic or acute metabolic disorders. Human SLC2A9 is unique in that it transports hexoses as well as the organic anion, urate. This ability is in contrast to other homologous sugar transporters such as glucose transporters 1 and 5 (SLC2A1 &SLC2A5) and the xylose transporter (XylE), despite the fact that these transporters have similar protein structures. Our in silico substrate docking study has revealed that urate and fructose bind within the same binding pocket in hSLC2A9, yet with distinct orientations, and allowed us to identify novel residues for urate binding. Our functional studies confirmed that N429 is a key residue for both urate binding and transport. We have shown that cysteine residues, C181, C301 and C459 in hSLC2A9 are also essential elements for mediating urate transport. Additional data from chimæric protein analysis illustrated that transmembrane helix 7 of hSLC2A9 is necessary for urate transport but not sufficient to allow urate transport to be induced in glucose transporter 5 (hSLC2A5). These data indicate that urate transport in hSLC2A9 involves several structural elements rather than just a unique substrate binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Long
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rashmi Panigrahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pankaj Panwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kenneth Wong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Debbie O′Neill
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - M. Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chris I. Cheeseman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Zheng Y, Zhai L, Zhao Y, Wu C. Orthogonal Cysteine–Penicillamine Disulfide Pairing for Directing the Oxidative Folding of Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15094-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of
Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Linxiang Zhai
- The MOE Key Laboratory of
Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of
Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of
Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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15
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conotoxins are a large family of bioactive peptides derived from cone snail venom. They target specific classes of ion channels and other membrane proteins and may have therapeutic value, primarily in the management of pain. AREAS COVERED The authors surveyed the US patent literature covering conotoxins, and their potential therapeutic applications. They describe the various subclasses of conotoxins that are the subject of current patent applications and their therapeutic indications. Limitations that may preclude broader application of these molecules are discussed and strategies for overcoming these limitations are presented. EXPERT OPINION Despite more than 25 years of intense global conotoxin research, only one molecule has successfully reached the market. Several other conotoxin-derived candidates failed in clinical trials, indicating that 'from the bench into the clinic' translation has been more difficult than originally anticipated. Nevertheless, we are optimistic that the potent activities of these molecules and the potential for improving their biopharmaceutical properties may lead to next-generation drug candidates with favorable pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Durek
- a The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience , Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- a The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience , Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
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16
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Heguri H, Yamamoto T, Tezuka Y. Folding Construction of a Pentacyclic QuadruplyfusedPolymer Topology with Tailoredkyklo-Telechelic Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8688-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Heguri H, Yamamoto T, Tezuka Y. Folding Construction of a Pentacyclic QuadruplyfusedPolymer Topology with Tailoredkyklo-Telechelic Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Guo Y, Sun DM, Wang FL, He Y, Liu L, Tian CL. Diaminodiacid Bridges to Improve Folding and Tune the Bioactivity of Disulfide-Rich Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Guo Y, Sun D, Wang F, He Y, Liu L, Tian C. Diaminodiacid Bridges to Improve Folding and Tune the Bioactivity of Disulfide‐Rich Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14276-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Guo
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
| | - De‐Meng Sun
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
| | - Feng‐Liang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 (China)
| | - Yao He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230027 (China)
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)
| | - Chang‐Lin Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230027 (China)
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20
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Suzuki T, Yamamoto T, Tezuka Y. Constructing a Macromolecular K3,3 Graph through Electrostatic Self-Assembly and Covalent Fixation with a Dendritic Polymer Precursor. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10148-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504891x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suzuki
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tezuka
- Department
of Organic and
Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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21
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22
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Shimamoto S, Katayama H, Okumura M, Hidaka Y. Chemical methods and approaches to the regioselective formation of multiple disulfide bonds. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2014; 76:28.8.1-28.8.28. [PMID: 24692017 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps2808s76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide-bond formation plays an important role in the stabilization of the native conformation of peptides and proteins. In the case of multidisulfide-containing peptides and proteins, numerous folding intermediates are produced, including molecules that contain non-native and native disulfide bonds during in vitro folding. These intermediates can frequently be trapped covalently during folding and subsequently analyzed. The structural characterization of these kinetically trapped disulfide intermediates provides a clue to understanding the oxidative folding pathway. To investigate the folding of disulfide-containing peptides and proteins, in this unit, chemical methods are described for regulating regioselective disulfide formation (1) by using a combination of several types of thiol protecting groups, (2) by incorporating unique SeCys residues into a protein or peptide molecule, and (3) by combining with post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidekazu Katayama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuji Hidaka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan
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Hidaka Y. Overview of the Regulation of Disulfide Bond Formation in Peptide and Protein Folding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 76:28.6.1-28.6.6. [DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps2806s76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hidaka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University Higashi‐Osaka Osaka Japan
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24
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Northfield SE, Wang CK, Schroeder CI, Durek T, Kan MW, Swedberg JE, Craik DJ. Disulfide-rich macrocyclic peptides as templates in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:248-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Selenoether oxytocin analogues have analgesic properties in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3165. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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26
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Shard A, Kumar R, Saima S, Sharma N, Sinha AK. Amino acid and water-driven tunable green protocol to access S–S/C–S bonds via aerobic oxidative coupling and hydrothiolation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02909g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine in conjunction with water has been employed as an effective and recyclable organocatalyst for oxidative coupling of thiophenols and hydrothiolation of alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Shard
- NPP Division
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur-176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- NPP Division
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur-176061, India
| | - Saima Saima
- NPP Division
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur-176061, India
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- NPP Division
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur-176061, India
| | - Arun K. Sinha
- NPP Division
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology
- Palampur-176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi, India
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27
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Hidaka Y, Shimamoto S. Folding of peptides and proteins: role of disulfide bonds, recent developments. Biomol Concepts 2013; 4:597-604. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2013-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDisulfide-containing proteins are ideal models for studies of protein folding as the folding intermediates can be observed, trapped, and separated by HPLC during the folding reaction. However, regulating or analyzing the structures of folding intermediates of peptides and proteins continues to be a difficult problem. Recently, the development of several techniques in peptide chemistry and biotechnology has resulted in the availability of some powerful tools for studying protein folding in the context of the structural analysis of native, mutant proteins, and folding intermediates. In this review, recent developments in the field of disulfide-coupled peptide and protein folding are discussed, from the viewpoint of chemical and biotechnological methods, such as analytical methods for the detection of disulfide pairings, chemical methods for disulfide bond formation between the defined Cys residues, and applications of diselenide bonds for the regulation of disulfide-coupled peptide and protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hidaka
- 1Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shimamoto
- 1Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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28
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Góngora-Benítez M, Tulla-Puche J, Albericio F. Multifaceted Roles of Disulfide Bonds. Peptides as Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2013; 114:901-26. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400031z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Góngora-Benítez
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - Judit Tulla-Puche
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001 Durban, South Africa
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29
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Medina-Morales A, Perez A, Brodin JD, Tezcan FA. In vitro and cellular self-assembly of a Zn-binding protein cryptand via templated disulfide bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12013-22. [PMID: 23905754 DOI: 10.1021/ja405318d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneously strong and reversible through redox chemistry, disulfide bonds play a unique and often irreplaceable role in the formation of biological and synthetic assemblies. In an approach inspired by supramolecular chemistry, we report here that engineered noncovalent interactions on the surface of a monomeric protein can template its assembly into a unique cryptand-like protein complex ((C81/C96)RIDC14) by guiding the selective formation of multiple disulfide bonds across different interfaces. Owing to its highly interconnected framework, (C81/C96)RIDC14 is well preorganized for metal coordination in its interior, can support a large internal cavity surrounding the metal sites, and can withstand significant alterations in inner-sphere metal coordination. (C81/C96)RIDC14 self-assembles with high fidelity and yield in the periplasmic space of E. coli cells, where it can successfully compete for Zn(II) binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Medina-Morales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0356, USA
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30
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Yang L, Gomez-Casado A, Young JF, Nguyen HD, Cabanas-Danés J, Huskens J, Brunsveld L, Jonkheijm P. Reversible and oriented immobilization of ferrocene-modified proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19199-206. [PMID: 23126430 DOI: 10.1021/ja308450n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adopting supramolecular chemistry for immobilization of proteins is an attractive strategy that entails reversibility and responsiveness to stimuli. The reversible and oriented immobilization and micropatterning of ferrocene-tagged yellow fluorescent proteins (Fc-YFPs) onto β-cyclodextrin (βCD) molecular printboards was characterized using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy in combination with electrochemistry. The proteins were assembled on the surface through the specific supramolecular host-guest interaction between βCD and ferrocene. Application of a dynamic covalent disulfide lock between two YFP proteins resulted in a switch from monovalent to divalent ferrocene interactions with the βCD surface, yielding a more stable protein immobilization. The SPR titration data for the protein immobilization were fitted to a 1:1 Langmuir-type model, yielding K(LM) = 2.5 × 10(5) M(-1) and K(i,s) = 1.2 × 10(3) M(-1), which compares favorably to the intrinsic binding constant presented in the literature for the monovalent interaction of ferrocene with βCD self-assembled monolayers. In addition, the SPR binding experiments were qualitatively simulated, confirming the binding of Fc-YFP in both divalent and monovalent fashion to the βCD monolayers. The Fc-YFPs could be patterned on βCD surfaces in uniform monolayers, as revealed using fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. Both fluorescence microscopy imaging and SPR measurements were carried out with the in situ capability to perform cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. These studies emphasize the repetitive desorption and adsorption of the ferrocene-tagged proteins from the βCD surface upon electrochemical oxidation and reduction, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanti Yang
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, Department of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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