1
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Li FR, Wang Q, Pan X, Xu HM, Dong LB. Discovery, Structure, and Engineering of a cis-Geranylfarnesyl Diphosphate Synthase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401669. [PMID: 38651244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
cis-Prenyltransferases (cis-PTs) catalyze the sequential head-to-tail condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to allylic diphosphates, producing mixed E-Z prenyl diphosphates of varying lengths; however, the specific enzymes synthesizing cis-C25 prenyl diphosphates have not been identified. Herein, we present the discovery and characterization of a cis-geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase (ScGFPPS) from Streptomyces clavuligerus. This enzyme demonstrates high catalytic proficiency in generating six distinct cis-polyisoprenoids, including three C25 and three C20 variants. We determined the crystal structure of ScGFPPS. Additionally, we unveil the crystal structure of nerylneryl diphosphate synthase (NNPS), known for synthesizing an all-cis-C20 polyisoprenoid. Comparative structural analysis of ScGFPPS and NNPS has identified key differences that influence product specificity. Through site-directed mutagenesis, we have identified eight single mutations that significantly refine the selectivity of ScGFPPS for cis-polyisoprenoids. Our findings not only expand the functional spectrum of cis-PTs but also provide a structural comparison strategy in cis-PTs engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xingming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hui-Min Xu
- The Public Laboratory Platform, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Liao-Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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2
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Wiesler S, Sennari G, Popescu MV, Gardner KE, Aida K, Paton RS, Sarpong R. Late-stage benzenoid-to-troponoid skeletal modification of the cephalotanes exemplified by the total synthesis of harringtonolide. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4125. [PMID: 38750061 PMCID: PMC11096412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal modifications enable elegant and rapid access to various derivatives of a compound that would otherwise be difficult to prepare. They are therefore a powerful tool, especially in the synthesis of natural products or drug discovery, to explore different natural products or to improve the properties of a drug candidate starting from a common intermediate. Inspired by the biosynthesis of the cephalotane natural products, we report here a single-atom insertion into the framework of the benzenoid subfamily, providing access to the troponoid congeners - representing the reverse of the proposed biosynthesis (i.e., a contra-biosynthesis approach). Computational evaluation of our designed transformation prompted us to investigate a Büchner-Curtius-Schlotterbeck reaction of a p-quinol methylether, which ultimately results in the synthesis of harringtonolide in two steps from cephanolide A, which we had previously prepared. Additional computational studies reveal that unconventional selectivity outcomes are driven by the choice of a Lewis acid and the nucleophile, which should inform further developments of these types of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wiesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Goh Sennari
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihai V Popescu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristen E Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Aida
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA.
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
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3
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Némethová I, Schmid D, Tiefenbacher K. Supramolecular Capsule Catalysis Enables the Exploration of Terpenoid Chemical Space Untapped by Nature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218625. [PMID: 36727480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes represent the largest and the most diverse class of natural compounds. This is remarkable as the whole variety is accessed from just a handful of highly conserved linear precursors. Modification of the cyclization precursors would enable a dramatic expansion of the accessible chemical space. However, natural enzymes do not enable us to tap into this potential, as they do not tolerate larger deviations from the prototypical substrate structure. Herein we report that supramolecular capsule catalysis enables facile access to diverse and novel terpenoid skeletons that formally can be traced back to C3-phenyl, benzyl, and homoprenyl derivatives of farnesol. Novel skeletons related to the presilphiperfolane core structure, as well as novel neoclovene derivatives were accessed efficiently in only four synthetic steps. Importantly, the products obtained carry functional groups that may be readily derivatized further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Némethová
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dario Schmid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Peng QQ, Guo Q, Chen C, Song P, Wang YT, Ji XJ, Ye C, Shi TQ. High-Level Production of Patchoulol in Yarrowia lipolytica via Systematic Engineering Strategies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4638-4645. [PMID: 36883816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Patchoulol is an important sesquiterpene alcohol with a strong and lasting odor, which has led to prominent applications in perfumes and cosmetics. In this study, systematic metabolic engineering strategies were adopted to create an efficient yeast cell factory for patchoulol overproduction. First, a baseline strain was constructed by selecting a highly active patchoulol synthase. Subsequently, the mevalonate precursor pool was expanded to boost patchoulol synthesis. Moreover, a method for downregulating squalene synthesis based on Cu2+-repressible promoter was optimized, which significantly improved the patchoulol titer by 100.9% to 124 mg/L. In addition, a protein fusion strategy resulted in a final titer of 235 mg/L in shake flasks. Finally, 2.864 g/L patchoulol could be produced in a 5 L bioreactor, representing a remarkable 1684-fold increase compared to the baseline strain. To our knowledge, this is the highest patchoulol titer reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Peng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Tong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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5
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Lin X, Huang Y, Min L, Li CC. Synthesis of Spirotricyclic Core of Bonnadiene. Org Lett 2023; 25:1156-1160. [PMID: 36757147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe a new approach for the efficient synthesis of the tricyclic core of diterpene bonnadiene. The synthetically challenging and unusual [6-7-5] spirotricyclic skeleton including the all-carbon quaternary stereocenter, was installed diastereoselectively via a type II [5 + 2] cycloaddition, followed by a unique vinylogous semipinacol rearrangement. The described chemistry demonstrates the feasibility of making the [6-7-5] spirotricyclic skeleton of the final product from the strained bridged [7-8-5] ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Lin
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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6
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Spirolactone-type and enmein-type derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents derived from oridonin. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 72:116977. [PMID: 36037626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are always the important sources in the field of drug discovery, among which spirolactone-type and enmein-type compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities, especially anti-tumor activity. Based on previous studies, the spirolactone-type and enmein-type compounds could be derived from natural oridonin (1) by several chemical reactions. Herein, a series of novel spirolactone-type and enmein-type derivatives with different aryl allyl ester substitutions at their C-14 hydroxyl group were designed and synthesized. The anti-tumor activity results showed that most of the compounds exhibited better anti-proliferative activities than parent compound oridonin, and the most potent compound had an IC50 value of 0.40 μM in K562 cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the optimal compound could arrest K562 cells at G2/M phase by inhibiting cdc-2, cdc-25c and cyclin B1 expression. In addition, the optimal compound induced apoptosis in K562 cells through increasing ROS production and depolarizing mitochondrial membrane potential. Collectively, these valuable results suggested that the most potent compound could be an anti-tumor agent candidate and is worthy of further investigation.
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7
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Maliori A, Athanasiadou T, Psomiadou V, Bagkavou GG, Stathakis CI. Syntheses of ent-Aquilanol A and ent-Aquilanol B via Retro-Cycloisomerization of (-)-Caryophyllene Oxide. Access to Medium-Sized Oxygenated Carbocyclic Scaffolds. Org Lett 2022; 24:6242-6246. [PMID: 35997277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first syntheses of the enantiomers of naturally occurring aquilanols A and B, two unprecedented 7/10 bicyclic sesquiterpenoids, are presented. Key features are a retro-cycloisomerization event on (-)-caryophyllene oxide to formulate the 11-membered carbocycle and an intramolecular epoxide opening to construct the bicyclic skeleton. The latter provides evidence of the plausible biosynthesis of natural compounds, rendering our syntheses biomimetic. Selective access to other medium-sized carbocyclic oxygenated compounds was achieved, enhancing the structural diversity of the final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Maliori
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Theodora Athanasiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Venetia Psomiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Georgia G Bagkavou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
| | - Christos I Stathakis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
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8
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Gao M, Yu BB, Jia C, Yao ZJ. Cytotoxic analogues of marine diterpenoid plumisclerin A by shifting the lipophilic branch on the characteristic tricyclic core. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4553-4558. [PMID: 35604001 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00539e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plumisclerin A is one of the most complex cytotoxic xenicane diterpenes from marine sources, featuring a unique congested and rigid tricyclo[4.3.1.01,5]decane core and a lipophilic acyl chain. This work explored a number of new analogues of plumisclerin A through modifying the characteristic tricyclo[4.3.1.01,5]decane core with lipophilic chains starting from a common lactone intermediate. Bioactivity examination of all the synthetic analogues shows that new analogues 2a, 18 and 21 exhibited comparable inhibitory potencies to that of the natural product against the proliferation of cancer cells. Structural comparison of these bioactive natural and unnatural compounds reveals that the location of lipophilic substituent(s) on the tricyclo[4.3.1.01,5]decane core is spatially flexible, and this work thus offers a new channel to diverse bioactive analogues of plumisclerin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Bao-Bao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Chen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Zhu-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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9
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Wang YQ, Xu K, Min L, Li CC. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Hypoestin A, Albolic Acid, and Ceroplastol II. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10162-10167. [PMID: 35657330 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of bioactive diterpenoid hypoestin A with an unprecedented [5-8-5-3] tetracyclic skeleton is accomplished in 15 steps from commercially available (R)-limonene. Furthermore, the second asymmetric total syntheses of sesterterpenoids albolic acid and ceroplastol II in 21 steps are also reported. The synthetically challenging and highly functionalized [X-8-5] (X = 5 or 7) tricarbocyclic ring systems found in hypoestin A, albolic acid, ceroplastol II, and schindilactone A, as well as other natural products, are efficiently and directly constructed via a unique intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction of an allene-yne. This work represents the first reported use of the Pauson-Khand reaction to access synthetically challenging eight-membered-ring systems in natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kunhua Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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10
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Zeng T, Hess BA, Zhang F, Wu R. Bio-inspired chemical space exploration of terpenoids. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6586263. [PMID: 35576010 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many computational methods are devoted to rapidly generating pseudo-natural products to expand the open-ended border of chemical spaces for natural products. However, the accessibility and chemical interpretation were often ignored or underestimated in conventional library/fragment-based or rule-based strategies, thus hampering experimental synthesis. Herein, a bio-inspired strategy (named TeroGen) is developed to mimic the two key biosynthetic stages (cyclization and decoration) of terpenoid natural products, by utilizing physically based simulations and deep learning models, respectively. The precision and efficiency are validated for different categories of terpenoids, and in practice, more than 30 000 sesterterpenoids (10 times as many as the known sesterterpenoids) are predicted to be linked in a reaction network, and their synthetic accessibility and chemical interpretation are estimated by thermodynamics and kinetics. Since it could not only greatly expand the chemical space of terpenoids but also numerate plausible biosynthetic routes, TeroGen is promising for accelerating heterologous biosynthesis, bio-mimic and chemical synthesis of complicated terpenoids and derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | | | - Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
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11
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Zhukhovitskiy AV, Ratushnyy M, Ditzler RAJ. Advancing the Logic of Polymer Synthesis via Skeletal Rearrangements. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1737456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPolymers are ubiquitous materials that have driven technological innovation since the middle of the 20th century. As such, the logic that guides polymer synthesis merit considerable attention. Thus far, this logic has often been ‘forward-synthetic’, which constrains the accessible structures of polymer materials. In this article, we emphasize the benefits of ‘retrosynthetic’ logic and posit that the development of skeletal rearrangements of polymer backbones is central to the realization of this logic. To illustrate this point, we discuss two recent examples from our laboratory – Brook and Ireland–Claisen rearrangements of polymer backbones – and contextualize them in prior reports of sigmatropic rearrangements and skeletal rearrangements of polymers. We envision that further development of skeletal rearrangements of polymers will enable advances in not only the chemistry of such rearrangements and the logic of polymer synthesis, but also polymer re- and upcycling.
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12
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Rauscher N, Næsborg L, Jandl C, Bach T. Concise Total Synthesis of Agarozizanol B via a Strained Photocascade Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rauscher
- Technische Universität München School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Line Næsborg
- Technische Universität München School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität München School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität München School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
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13
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Rauscher N, Næsborg L, Jandl C, Bach T. Concise Total Synthesis of Agarozizanol B via a Strained Photocascade Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24039-24042. [PMID: 34519408 PMCID: PMC8596452 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prezizane-type sesquiterpene agarozizanol B was synthesized employing a photochemical cascade reaction as the key step. Starting from a readily available 1-indanone with a tethered olefin, a strained tetracyclic skeleton was assembled which contained all carbon atoms of the sesquiterpene with the correct relative configuration. The conversion into the tricyclic prezizane skeleton was accomplished by a strategic cyclopropane bond cleavage. Prior to the cyclopropane ring opening an adaption of the oxidation state was required, which could be combined with a reductive resolution step. After removal of two functional groups, the natural product was obtained both in racemic form or, if resolved, as the (+)-enantiomer which was shown to be identical to the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rauscher
- Technische Universität MünchenSchool of Natural SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Line Næsborg
- Technische Universität MünchenSchool of Natural SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität MünchenSchool of Natural SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität MünchenSchool of Natural SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
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14
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Mai J, Li W, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ. Engineering Plant Sesquiterpene Synthesis into Yeasts: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9498-9510. [PMID: 34376044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes are natural compounds composed of three isoprene units. They represent the largest class of terpene compounds found in plants, and many have remarkable biological activities. Furthermore, sesquiterpenes have broad applications in the flavor, pharmaceutical and biofuel industries due to their complex structures. With the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, the production of different sesquiterpenes has been realized in various chassis microbes. The microbial production of sesquiterpenes provides a promising alternative to plant extraction and chemical synthesis, enabling us to meet the increasing market demand. In this review, we summarized the heterologous production of different plant sesquiterpenes using the eukaryotic yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica, followed by a discussion of common metabolic engineering strategies used in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
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15
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Liu X, Liu J, Wu J, Li CC. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Cerorubenic Acid-III via Type II [5+2] Cycloaddition Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11125-11139. [PMID: 33887910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total synthesis of cerorubenic acid-III is described in detail. Different strategies and attempts, based on a type II [5+2] cycloaddition reaction, leading to the bicyclo[4.4.1] ring system with a strained bridgehead double bond, are depicted. Furthermore, sodium naphthalenide was found to be efficient in the chemoselective reduction of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octene, with three transformations completed in one operation. An unusual SN1 transannular cyclization reaction was applied to construct the synthetically challenging vinylcyclopropane moiety. This strategy enabled the total synthesis of cerorubenic acid-III in 19 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianlei Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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16
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Wang JP, Shu Y, Liu R, Gan JL, Deng SP, Cai XY, Hu JT, Cai L, Ding ZT. Bioactive sesterterpenoids from the fungus Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 187:112762. [PMID: 33940379 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seven previously undescribed sesterterpenes were characterized from Penicillium roqueforti YJ-14 by solid fermentation. Their structures were initially investigated in detail by spectroscopic analyses and HR-ESI-MS and were further confirmed by X-crystallography. In in vitro bioassays, compounds 1, 5 and 7 showed cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with IC50 values of 7.98 ± 0.93, 6.42 ± 0.41 and 7.32 ± 0.18 μM, respectively. Compounds 5 and 7 displayed significant cytotoxicity against the A549 lung cancer cell line (IC50 values of 4.83 ± 0.22 μM and 4.58 ± 0.85 μM, respectively). In addition, compound 5 showed an obvious inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages with an IC50 value of 9.53 ± 0.16 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Peng Wang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Li Gan
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Ping Deng
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yun Cai
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Tao Hu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Cai
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Khan RA, Mohammad, Hurrah IM, Muzafar S, Jan S, Abbas N. Transcriptional regulation of trichome development in plants: an overview. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-021-00017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Recent advances in the total synthesis of natural products bearing the contiguous all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Wang S, Zhou Y, Huang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Carbonylative Diels-Alder Reaction for Construction of Bridged Polycyclic Skeletons. Org Lett 2021; 23:2125-2129. [PMID: 33650874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed tandem carbonylative lactonization and Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between aldehyde-tethered benzylhalides and alkenes has been developed. A range of alkenes and aldehyde-tethered benzylhalides bearing different substituents can be successfully transformed into the corresponding bridged polycyclic compounds in good yields. This strategy provides a unique approach to complex lactone-containing bridged polycyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yangkun Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.,Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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20
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Li C, Ragab SS, Liu G, Tang W. Enantioselective formation of quaternary carbon stereocenters in natural product synthesis: a recent update. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 37:276-292. [PMID: 31515549 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013-2018 Natural products bearing quaternary carbon stereocenters have attracted tremendous interest from the synthetic community due to their diverse biological activities and fascinating molecular architectures. However, the construction of these molecules in an enantioselective fashion remains a long-standing challenge because of the lack of efficient asymmetric catalytic methods for installing these motifs. The rapid progress in the development of new-generation efficient chiral catalysts has opened the door for several asymmetric reactions, such as Michael addition, dearomative cyclization, polyene cyclization, α-arylation, cycloaddition, allylation, for the construction of quaternary carbon stereocenters in a highly enantioselective fashion. These asymmetric catalytic methods have greatly facilitated the synthesis of complex natural products with improved output and overall efficiency. In this concise review, we highlight the progress in the last six years in complex natural product synthesis, in which at least one quaternary carbon stereocenter has been constructed via asymmetric catalytic technologies, with particular emphasis on the analysis of the stereochemical model of each enantioselective transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Sherif Shaban Ragab
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China. and Photochemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Guodu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China. and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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21
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Wu T, Tang W. Construction of Bridged Polycyclic Skeletons via Transition-Metal Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:3944-3956. [PMID: 32918298 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal catalysis has become one of most important methods for constructing molecules with diverse architectures. Bridged polycyclic skeletons are often considered one of most challenging structures in organic synthesis. This Minireview summarizes the recent progress on synthesis of bridged polycyclic skeletons by transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction. Four main ring-forming strategies including connection via olefin or carbonyl functionality, enolate intermediacy, C-H functionality, and aryl functionality are detailed and some effective methods are discussed with particular emphasis on reaction design and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for, Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
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22
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Ríos-Malváez ZG, Cano-Herrera MA, Dávila-Becerril JC, Mondragón-Solórzano G, Ramírez-Apan MT, Morales-Morales D, Barroso-Flores J, Santillán-Benítez JG, Unnamatla MB, García-Eleno MA, González-Rivas N, Cuevas-Yañez E. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity evaluation of 4-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) salicylic acid derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Liu Z, Ding Z, Chen K, Xu M, Yu T, Tong G, Zhang H, Li P. Balancing skeleton and functional groups in total syntheses of complex natural products: a case study of tigliane, daphnane and ingenane diterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1589-1617. [PMID: 33508045 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00086h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Total synthesis of natural products has greatly contributed to natural product research, organic synthesis and drug discovery and development. However, in most cases, the efficiency of total synthesis is far from sufficient for direct practical industrial application. Thus, designing a concise and efficient synthetic route with balanced efforts between building the complex skeleton and introducing functional groups is highly desirable. In this critical review, we first present an introduction of this issue and a philosophical framework that cover possible synthetic approaches. Next, we have chosen the biogenetically closely related, biologically important and synthetically extremely challenging natural products, tiglianes, daphnanes and ingenanes as the particular case for the discussion, since in the past 40 years many synthetic approaches have been reported. The successes and pitfalls included therefore serve as the basis to draw some conclusions that may inspire future development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengwei Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Guanghu Tong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, LaJolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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24
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De S, Mahal E, Haque MA, Jana CK, Koley D. Computational Investigation of Multifaceted Cationic Rearrangement and Stereo- and Regioselectivity in the Formation of Dysideanone's Analogues. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1133-1140. [PMID: 33331777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of regiodivergent arylations of cycloalkanols to furnish enantioenriched dysideanone's analogues are performed by employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations (B3LYP-D3(SMD)/6-311++G**//B3LYP-D3/6-31+G** level of theory). On the basis of our calculations, remote γ'-C-H arylation is preferred for unsubstituted carbinol 1, an outcome from combined factors like carbocationic stability, less steric hindrance during C-C coupling, and facile dearomatization. Meanwhile, in the presence of dimethyl substituent 1Me, regioselective γ-arylation is favored by 3.4 kcal/mol, and both findings are in agreement with the reported experimental observations. Most importantly, we concur that the barrier associated with the formation of carbocation 6 and its substituted analogues correlates with the C-H arylation outcomes. Furthermore, the β-arylation route remains unlikely for all the reaction pathways explored in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriman De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Eti Mahal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Md Ashraful Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Chandan K Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
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25
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Mou SB, Xiao W, Wang HQ, Chen KY, Xiang Z. Syntheses of the Carotane-type Terpenoids (+)-Schisanwilsonene A and (+)-Tormesol via a Two-Stage Approach. Org Lett 2020; 23:400-404. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Bin Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hua-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kai-Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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26
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Yang L, Wurm T, Sharma Poudel B, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Andrographolide and 14-Hydroxy-Colladonin: Carbonyl Reductive Coupling and trans-Decalin Formation by Hydrogen Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23169-23173. [PMID: 32896046 PMCID: PMC7920188 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective total synthesis of the labdane diterpene andrographolide, the bitter principle of the herb Andrographis paniculata (known as "King of Bitters"), was accomplished in 14 steps (LLS). Key transformations include iridium-catalyzed carbonyl reductive coupling to form the quaternary C4 stereocenter, diastereoselective alkene reduction to establish the trans-decalin ring, and carbonylative lactonization to install the α-alkylidene-β-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
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27
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Yu Y, Rasool A, Liu H, Lv B, Chang P, Song H, Wang Y, Li C. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for high yield production of α-amyrin via synergistic remodeling of α-amyrin synthase and expanding the storage pool. Metab Eng 2020; 62:72-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Tang X, Zhang F, Zeng T, Li W, Yin S, Wu R. Enzymatic Plasticity Inspired by the Diterpene Cyclase CotB2. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2820-2832. [PMID: 32986400 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic plasticity, as a modern term referring to the functional conversion of an enzyme, is significant for enzymatic activity redesign. The bacterial diterpene cyclase CotB2 is a typical plastic enzyme by which its native form precisely conducts a chemical reaction while its mutants diversify the catalytic functions drastically. Many efforts have been made to disclose the mysteries of CotB2 enzyme catalysis. However, the catalytic details and regulatory mechanism toward the precise chemo- and stereoselectivity are still elusive. In this work, multiscale simulations are employed to illuminate the biocyclization mechanisms of the linear substrate into the final product cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol with a 5-8-5 fused ring scaffold, and the derailment products arising from the premature quenching of reactive carbocation intermediates are also discussed. The two major regulatory factors, local electrostatic stabilization effects from aromatic residues or polar residue in pocket and global features of active site including pocket-contour and pocket-hydrophobicity, are responsible for the enzymatic plasticity of CotB2. Further comparative studies of representative Euphorbiaceae and fungal diterpene cyclase (RcCS and PaFS) show a correlation between pocket plasticity and product diversity, which inspires a tentative enzyme product prediction and the rational diterpene cyclases' reengineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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29
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Yang L, Wurm T, Sharma Poudel B, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Andrographolide and 14‐Hydroxy‐Colladonin: Carbonyl Reductive Coupling and
trans
‐Decalin Formation by Hydrogen Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry 105 E 24th Street (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
| | - Thomas Wurm
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry 105 E 24th Street (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
| | - Binit Sharma Poudel
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry 105 E 24th Street (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry 105 E 24th Street (A5300) Austin TX 78712-1167 USA
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30
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Huynh F, Tailby M, Finniear A, Stephens K, Allemann RK, Wirth T. Accelerating Biphasic Biocatalysis through New Process Windows. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16490-16495. [PMID: 32567753 PMCID: PMC7540285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Process intensification through continuous flow reactions has increased the production rates of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Catalytic reactions are accelerated through an unconventional and unprecedented use of a high-performance liquid/liquid counter current chromatography system. Product generation is significantly faster than in traditional batch reactors or in segmented flow systems, which is exemplified through stereoselective phase-transfer catalyzed reactions. This methodology also enables the intensification of biocatalysis as demonstrated in high yield esterifications and in the sesquiterpene cyclase-catalyzed synthesis of sesquiterpenes from farnesyl diphosphate as high-value natural products with applications in medicine, agriculture and the fragrance industry. Product release in sesquiterpene synthases is rate limiting due to the hydrophobic nature of sesquiterpenes, but a biphasic system exposed to centrifugal forces allows for highly efficient reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Huynh
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main BuildingPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Matthew Tailby
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main BuildingPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | | | | | - Rudolf K. Allemann
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main BuildingPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main BuildingPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
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31
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Leger PR, Kuroda Y, Chang S, Jurczyk J, Sarpong R. C-C Bond Cleavage Approach to Complex Terpenoids: Development of a Unified Total Synthesis of the Phomactins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15536-15547. [PMID: 32799452 PMCID: PMC7771649 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rearrangement of carbon-carbon (C-C) single bonds in readily available carbocyclic scaffolds can yield uniquely substituted carbocycles that would be challenging to construct otherwise. This is a powerful and often non-intuitive approach for complex molecule synthesis. The transition-metal-mediated cleavage of C-C bonds has the potential to broaden the scope of this type of skeletal remodeling by providing orthogonal selectivities compared to more traditional pericyclic and carbocation-based rearrangements. To highlight this emerging technology, a unified, asymmetric, total synthesis of the phomactin terpenoids was developed, enabled by the selective C-C bond cleavage of hydroxylated pinene derivatives obtained from carvone. In this full account, the challenges, solutions, and intricacies of Rh(I)-catalyzed cyclobutanol C-C cleavage in a complex molecule setting are described. In addition, details of the evolution of strategies that ultimately led to the total synthesis of phomactins A, K, P, R, and T, as well as the synthesis and structural reassignment of Sch 49027, are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Leger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yusuke Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stanley Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin Jurczyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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32
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Gopalsamy B, Chia JSM, Farouk AAO, Sulaiman MR, Perimal EK. Zerumbone-Induced Analgesia Modulated via Potassium Channels and Opioid Receptors in Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173880. [PMID: 32858809 PMCID: PMC7503342 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zerumbone, a monocyclic sesquiterpene from the wild ginger plant Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith, attenuates allodynia and hyperalgesia. Currently, its mechanisms of action in neuropathic pain conditions remain unclear. This study examines the involvement of potassium channels and opioid receptors in zerumbone-induced analgesia in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) neuropathic pain mice model. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were subjected to CCI and behavioral responses were tested on day 14. Responses toward mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were tested with von Frey's filament and Hargreaves' tests, respectively. Symptoms of neuropathic pain were significantly alleviated following treatment with zerumbone (10 mg/kg; intraperitoneal, i.p.). However, when the voltage-dependent K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA, 4 mg/kg; i.p.), ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker, glibenclamide (GLIB, 10 mg/kg; i.p.); small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel inhibitor apamin (APA, 0.04 mg/kg; i.p.), or large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel inhibitor charybdotoxin (CHAR, 0.02 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered prior to zerumbone (10 mg/kg; i.p.), the antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of zerumbone were significantly reversed. Additionally, non-specific opioid receptors antagonist, naloxone (NAL, 10 mg/kg; i.p.), selective µ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptor antagonists; β-funaltrexamine (β-FN, 40 mg/kg; i.p.), naltrindole (20 mg/kg; s.c.), nor-binaltorphamine (10 mg/kg; s.c.) respectively attenuated the antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of zerumbone. This outcome clearly demonstrates the participation of potassium channels and opioid receptors in the antineuropathic properties of zerumbone. As various clinically used neuropathic pain drugs also share this similar mechanism, this compound is, therefore, a highly potential substitute to these therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banulata Gopalsamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.G.); (A.A.O.F.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Jasmine Siew Min Chia
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Akira Omar Farouk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.G.); (A.A.O.F.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Mohd Roslan Sulaiman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.G.); (A.A.O.F.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Enoch Kumar Perimal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.G.); (A.A.O.F.); (M.R.S.)
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +61-603-8947-2774
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Engineering a Carotenoid-Overproducing Strain of Azospirillum brasilense for Heterologous Production of Geraniol and Amorphadiene. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00414-20. [PMID: 32591387 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00414-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been used extensively for heterologous production of a variety of secondary metabolites. Neither has an endogenous high-flux isoprenoid pathway, required for the production of terpenoids. Azospirillum brasilense, a nonphotosynthetic GRAS (generally recognized as safe) bacterium, produces carotenoids in the presence of light. The carotenoid production increases multifold upon inactivating a gene encoding an anti-sigma factor (ChrR1). We used this A. brasilense mutant (Car-1) as a host for the heterologous production of two high-value phytochemicals, geraniol and amorphadiene. Cloned genes (crtE1 and crtE2) of A. brasilense encoding native geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthases (GGPPS), when overexpressed and purified, did not produce geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) in vitro Therefore, we cloned codon-optimized copies of the Catharanthus roseus genes encoding GPP synthase (GPPS) and geraniol synthase (GES) to show the endogenous intermediates of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in the Car-1 strain were utilized for the heterologous production of geraniol in A. brasilense Similarly, cloning and expression of a codon-optimized copy of the amorphadiene synthase (ads) gene from Artemisia annua also led to the heterologous production of amorphadiene in Car-1. Geraniol or amorphadiene content was estimated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC. These results demonstrate that Car-1 is a promising host for metabolic engineering, as the naturally available endogenous pool of the intermediates of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway of A. brasilense can be effectively utilized for the heterologous production of high-value phytochemicals.IMPORTANCE To date, the major host organisms used for the heterologous production of terpenoids, i.e., E. coli and S. cerevisiae, do not have high-flux isoprenoid pathways and involve tedious metabolic engineering to increase the precursor pool. Since carotenoid-producing bacteria carry endogenous high-flux isoprenoid pathways, we used a carotenoid-producing mutant of A. brasilense as a host to show its suitability for the heterologous production of geraniol and amorphadiene as a proof-of-concept. The advantages of using A. brasilense as a model system include (i) dispensability of carotenoids and (ii) the possibility of overproducing carotenoids through a single mutation to exploit high carbon flux for terpenoid production.
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Veena KS, Gopalan G, Madhukrishnan M, Varughese S, Radhakrishnan KV, Lankalapalli RS. Putative Biomimetic Route to 8-Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Motif from a Humulene Sesquiterpenoid Zerumbone. Org Lett 2020; 22:6409-6413. [PMID: 32806166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An approach to expand the diversity of terpenes to novel polycyclic skeletons with contiguous stereogenic centers is described. An unprecedented 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane motif was obtained in quantitative yield by photoirradiation of zerumbone in the presence of a catalytic amount of Lewis acid. The vital role of light in the isomerization of double bonds in zerumbone, which ensued cyclization via tertiary carbocation intermediate, emulates a biosynthetic route. Synthetic diversification of the phototransformed product afforded epoxy derivatives with up to seven contiguous stereogenic centers and eight-member ring fused tricyclic motifs. The present work sheds light on the possible role of UV irradiation in the biosynthesis of oxo-bridged tricyclic structures from polyene terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kollery S Veena
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Greeshma Gopalan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Murali Madhukrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sunil Varughese
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Ravi S Lankalapalli
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Huynh F, Tailby M, Finniear A, Stephens K, Allemann RK, Wirth T. Beschleunigung von zweiphasiger Biokatalyse durch neue Prozessfenster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Huynh
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main Building Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Matthew Tailby
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main Building Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Aled Finniear
- Bioextractions (Wales) Ltd. Trafarnaubach Tredegar UK
| | | | - Rudolf K. Allemann
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main Building Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of ChemistryCardiff University, Main Building Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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Crossley SWM, Tong G, Lambrecht MJ, Burdge H, Shenvi RA. Synthesis of (-)-Picrotoxinin by Late-Stage Strong Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11376-11381. [PMID: 32573211 PMCID: PMC8011636 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report a concise, stereocontrolled synthesis of the neurotoxic sesquiterpenoid (-)-picrotoxinin (1, PXN). The brevity of the route is due to regio- and stereoselective formation of the [4.3.0] bicyclic core by incorporation of a symmetrizing geminal dimethyl group at C5. Dimethylation then enables selective C-O bond formation in multiple intermediates. A series of strong bond (C-C and C-H) cleavages convert the C5 gem-dimethyl group to the C15 lactone of PXN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guanghu Tong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | | | - Hannah Burdge
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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Levi S, Zhang Q, Major DT. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control Determine the Sesquiterpene Reaction Pathways Inside Nanocapsules. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shani Levi
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Dan T. Major
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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38
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Mu X, Yu H, Peng H, Xiong W, Wu T, Tang W. Construction of Various Bridged Polycyclic Skeletons by Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8143-8147. [PMID: 32061117 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A powerful palladium-catalyzed dearomative cyclization was developed that provides facile access to eight types of bridged tetracyclic skeletons bearing various ring sizes and heterocycles. With this method, several skeletons or analogues of natural products, including tubingensin B and dracaenones, were synthesized. Asymmetric dearomative cyclization enables the construction of various enantiomerically enriched bridged polycyclic systems with up to 99 % ee by employing a chiral palladium catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hanxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Henian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenrui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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39
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Harmange Magnani CS, Thach DQ, Haelsig KT, Maimone TJ. Syntheses of Complex Terpenes from Simple Polyprenyl Precursors. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:949-961. [PMID: 32202757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From structure elucidation and biogenesis to synthetic methodology and total synthesis, terpene natural products have profoundly influenced the development of organic chemistry. Moreover, their myriad functional attributes range from fragrance to pharmaceuticals and have had great societal impact. Ruzicka's formulation of the "biogenetic isoprene rule," a Nobel Prize winning discovery now over 80 years old, allowed for identification of higher order terpene (aka "isoprenoid") structures from simple five-carbon isoprene fragments. Notably, the isoprene rule still holds pedagogical value to students of organic chemistry today. Our laboratory has completed syntheses of over two dozen terpene and meroterpene structures to date, and the isoprene rule has served as a key pattern recognition tool for our synthetic planning purposes. At the strategic level, great opportunity exists in finding unique and synthetically simplifying ways to connect the formal C5 isoprene fragments embedded in terpenes. Biomimetic cationic polyene cyclizations represent the earliest incarnation of this idea, which has facilitated expedient routes to certain terpene polycycle classes. Nonetheless, a large swath of terpene chemical space remains inaccessible using this approach.In this Account, we describe strategic insight into our endeavors in terpene synthesis published over the last five years. We show how biosynthetic understanding, combined with a desire to utilize abundant and inexpensive [C5]n building blocks, has led to efficient, abiotic syntheses of multiple complex terpenes with disparate ring systems. Informed by nature, but unconstrained by its processes, our synthetic assembly exploits chemical reactivity across diverse reaction types-including radical, anionic, pericyclic, and metal-mediated transformations.First, we detail an eight-step synthesis of the cembrane diterpene chatancin from dihydrofarnesal using a bioinspired-but not -mimetic-cycloaddition. Next, we describe the assembly of the antimalarial cardamom peroxide using a polyoxygenation cascade to fuse multiple units of molecular oxygen onto a dimeric skeleton. This three-to-four-step synthesis arises from (-)-myrtenal, an inexpensive pinene oxidation product. We then show how a radical cyclization cascade can forge the hallmark cyclooctane ring system of the complex sesterterpene 6-epi-ophiobolin N from two simple polyprenyl precursors, (-)-linalool and farnesol. To access the related, more complex metabolite 6-epi-ophiobolin A, we exploited the plasticity of our synthetic route and found that use of geraniol (C10) rather than farnesol (C15) gave us the flexibility needed to address the additional oxidation found in this congener. Following this work, we describe two strategies to access several guaianolide sesquiterpenes. Retrosynthetic disconnection to monoterpenes, carvone or (-)-linalool, coupled with a powerful allylation strategy allowed us to address guaianolides with disparate stereochemical motifs. Finally, we examine a semisynthetic approach to the illicium sesquiterpenes from the abundant 15-carbon feedstock terpene (+)-cedrol using an abiotic ring shift and multiple C-H oxidation reactions inspired by a postulated biosynthesis of this natural product class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny Q. Thach
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karl T. Haelsig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas J. Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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40
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Kutateladze DA, Strassfeld DA, Jacobsen EN. Enantioselective Tail-to-Head Cyclizations Catalyzed by Dual-Hydrogen-Bond Donors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6951-6956. [PMID: 32223127 PMCID: PMC7293861 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chiral urea derivatives are shown to catalyze enantioselective tail-to-head cyclization reactions of neryl chloride analogues. Experimental data are consistent with a mechanism in which π-participation by the nucleophilic olefin facilitates chloride ionization and thereby circumvents simple elimination pathways. Kinetic and computational studies support a cooperative mode of catalysis wherein two molecules of the urea catalyst engage the substrate and induce enantioselectivity through selective transition state stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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41
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Mu X, Yu H, Peng H, Xiong W, Wu T, Tang W. Construction of Various Bridged Polycyclic Skeletons by Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling Ling Rd Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hanxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling Ling Rd Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Henian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling Ling Rd Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wenrui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling Ling Rd Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling Ling Rd Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Ling Ling Rd Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Material SciencesHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
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Sarrade-Loucheur A, Ro DK, Fauré R, Remaud-Siméon M, Truan G. Synthetic Derivatives of (+)- epi-α-Bisabolol Are Formed by Mammalian Cytochromes P450 Expressed in a Yeast Reconstituted Pathway. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:368-380. [PMID: 31977190 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the enzyme(s) involved in complex biosynthetic pathways can be challenging. An alternative approach might be to deliberately diverge from the original natural enzyme source and use promiscuous enzymes from other organisms. In this paper, we have tested the ability of a series of human and animal cytochromes P450 involved in xenobiotic detoxification to generate derivatives of (+)-epi-α-bisabolol and attempt to produce the direct precursor of hernandulcin, a sweetener from Lippia dulcis for which the last enzymatic steps are unknown. Screening steps were implemented in vivo in S. cerevisiae optimized for the biosynthesis of oxidized derivatives of (+)-epi-α-bisabolol by coexpressing two key enzymes: the (+)-epi-α-bisabolol synthase and the NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase. Five out of 25 cytochromes P450 were capable of producing new hydroxylated regioisomers of (+)-epi-α-bisabolol. Of the new oxidized bisabolol products, the structure of one compound, 14-hydroxy-(+)-epi-α-bisabolol, was fully elucidated by NMR while the probable structure of the second product was determined. In parallel, the production of (+)-epi-α-bisabolol derivatives was enhanced through the addition of a supplementary genomic copy of (+)-epi-α-bisabolol synthase that augmented the final titer of hydroxylated product to 64 mg/L. We thus demonstrate that promiscuous drug metabolism cytochromes P450 can be used to produce novel compounds from a terpene scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dae-Kyun Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Régis Fauré
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Gilles Truan
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
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43
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Kühlborn J, Groß J, Opatz T. Making natural products from renewable feedstocks: back to the roots? Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:380-424. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the utilization of biomass-derived building blocks in the total synthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kühlborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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44
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Recent Progress in Steroid Synthesis Triggered by the Emergence of New Catalytic Methods. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Shi L, He Y, Gong J, Yang Z. Concise gram-scale synthesis of Euphorikanin A skeleton through a domino ring-closing metathesis strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 56:531-534. [PMID: 31829345 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08830j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Euphorikanin A is a diterpenoid possessing a highly congested and unprecedented 5/6/7/3-fused tetracyclic ring skeleton. To access the challenging chemical structure of Euphorikanins, an efficient total synthetic approach is described. The stereoselective synthesis of the core structure of Euphorikanin A has been achieved from a simple dienyne building block, and a domino ring-closing metathesis (RCM) strategy was used for the gram-scale synthesis of the highly strained Euphorikanin A core. This paves the way for the synthesis of structurally diverse Euphorikanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yingdong He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jianxian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China. and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), College of Chemistry, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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47
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Helfrich EJN, Lin GM, Voigt CA, Clardy J. Bacterial terpene biosynthesis: challenges and opportunities for pathway engineering. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2889-2906. [PMID: 31839835 PMCID: PMC6902898 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are the largest and structurally most diverse class of natural products. They possess potent and specific biological activity in multiple assays and against diseases, including cancer and malaria as notable examples. Although the number of characterized terpenoid molecules is huge, our knowledge of how they are biosynthesized is limited, particularly when compared to the well-studied thiotemplate assembly lines. Bacteria have only recently been recognized as having the genetic potential to biosynthesize a large number of complex terpenoids, but our current ability to associate genetic potential with molecular structure is severely restricted. The canonical terpene biosynthetic pathway uses a single enzyme to form a cyclized hydrocarbon backbone followed by modifications with a suite of tailoring enzymes that can generate dozens of different products from a single backbone. This functional promiscuity of terpene biosynthetic pathways renders terpene biosynthesis susceptible to rational pathway engineering using the latest developments in the field of synthetic biology. These engineered pathways will not only facilitate the rational creation of both known and novel terpenoids, their development will deepen our understanding of a significant branch of biosynthesis. The biosynthetic insights gained will likely empower a greater degree of engineering proficiency for non-natural terpene biosynthetic pathways and pave the way towards the biotechnological production of high value terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J N Helfrich
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, United States
| | - Geng-Min Lin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, Cambridge, United States
| | - Christopher A Voigt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jon Clardy
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, United States
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48
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Driller R, Garbe D, Mehlmer N, Fuchs M, Raz K, Major DT, Brück T, Loll B. Current understanding and biotechnological application of the bacterial diterpene synthase CotB2. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2355-2368. [PMID: 31666870 PMCID: PMC6808215 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CotB2 catalyzes the first committed step in cyclooctatin biosynthesis of the soil bacterium Streptomyces melanosporofaciens. To date, CotB2 represents the best studied bacterial diterpene synthase. Its reaction mechanism has been addressed by isoptope labeling, targeted mutagenesis and theoretical computations in the gas phase, as well as full enzyme molecular dynamic simulations. By X-ray crystallography different snapshots of CotB2 from the open, inactive, to the closed, active conformation have been obtained in great detail, allowing us to draw detailed conclusions regarding the catalytic mechanism at the molecular level. Moreover, numerous alternative geranylgeranyl diphosphate cyclization products obtained by CotB2 mutagenesis have exciting applications for the sustainable production of high value bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Driller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- present address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- present address: Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Monika Fuchs
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Keren Raz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Dan Thomas Major
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaohong Lin
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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50
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Kuwana D, Nagatomo M, Inoue M. Total Synthesis of 5-epi-Eudesm-4(15)-ene-1β,6β-diol via Decarbonylative Radical Coupling Reaction. Org Lett 2019; 21:7619-7623. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kuwana
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagatomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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