1
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Wang XW, Zhou WH, Fu YX, Gao J, Lu YH, Chang YJ, Qiao LF, Ren RJ, Jiang ZK, Jiao ZQ, Nikolopoulos GM, Jin XM. Experimental Boson Sampling Enabling Cryptographic One-Way Function. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:060802. [PMID: 36827576 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Boson sampling is a computational problem, which is commonly believed to be a representative paradigm for attaining the milestone of quantum advantage. So far, massive efforts have been made to the experimental large-scale boson sampling for demonstrating this milestone, while further applications of the machines remain a largely unexplored area. Here, we investigate experimentally the efficiency and security of a cryptographic one-way function that relies on coarse-grained boson sampling, in the framework of a photonic boson-sampling machine fabricated by a femtosecond laser direct writing technique. Our findings demonstrate that the implementation of the function requires moderate sample sizes, which can be over 4 orders of magnitude smaller than the ones predicted by the Chernoff bound; whereas for numbers of photons n≥3 and bins d∼poly(m,n), the same output of the function cannot be generated by nonboson samplers. Our Letter is the first experimental study that deals with the potential applications of boson sampling in the field of cryptography and paves the way toward additional studies in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Fu
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yong-Heng Lu
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yi-Jun Chang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Lu-Feng Qiao
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Ruo-Jing Ren
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Ze-Kun Jiang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jiao
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | | | - Xian-Min Jin
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- TuringQ Company, Ltd., Shanghai 200240, China
- Chip Hub for Integrated Photonics Xplore (CHIPX), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Wuxi 214000, China
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2
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Albiero R, Pentangelo C, Gardina M, Atzeni S, Ceccarelli F, Osellame R. Toward Higher Integration Density in Femtosecond-Laser-Written Programmable Photonic Circuits. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071145. [PMID: 35888962 PMCID: PMC9320504 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Programmability in femtosecond-laser-written integrated circuits is commonly achieved with the implementation of thermal phase shifters. Recent work has shown how such phase shifters display significantly reduced power dissipation and thermal crosstalk with the implementation of thermal isolation structures. However, the aforementioned phase shifter technology is based on a single gold film, which poses severe limitations on integration density and circuit complexity due to intrinsic geometrical constraints. To increase the compactness, we propose two improvements to this technology. Firstly, we fabricated thermal phase shifters with a photolithography process based on two different metal films, namely (1) chromium for microheaters and (2) copper for contact pads and interconnections. Secondly, we developed a novel curved isolation trench design that, along with a state-of-the-art curvature radius, allows for a significant reduction in the optical length of integrated circuits. As a result, curved Cr-Cu phase shifters provide a compact footprint with low parasitic series resistance and no significant increase in power dissipation (∼38 mW) and thermal crosstalk (∼20%). These results pave the way toward the fabrication of femtosecond-laser-written photonic circuits with a steep increase in terms of layout complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Albiero
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (C.P.); (M.G.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (R.O.)
| | - Ciro Pentangelo
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (C.P.); (M.G.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (R.O.)
| | - Marco Gardina
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (C.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Simone Atzeni
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (R.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Ceccarelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (R.O.)
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.C.); (R.O.)
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3
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Laser-Assisted Etching of EagleXG Glass by Irradiation at Low Pulse-Repetition Rate. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12030948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser micromachining is becoming an established technique for the fabrication of complex three-dimensional structures in glass. The combination of laser writing and chemical etching increases the technique versatility by allowing the fabrication of hollow structures within the bulk material. The possibility to encompass both optical and fluidic components in a single substrate allows us to realize optofluidic devices usable in several application fields. Here, we present new investigations of laser-assisted etching in Eagle XG glass showing good etching conditions at low repetition rates, where thermal effects can be neglected, and low irradiation speeds, which allow for complex microchannel network formation.
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4
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Paesani S, Bulmer JFF, Jones AE, Santagati R, Laing A. Scheme for Universal High-Dimensional Quantum Computation with Linear Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:230504. [PMID: 34170150 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.230504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photons are natural carriers of high-dimensional quantum information, and, in principle, can benefit from higher quantum information capacity and noise resilience. However, schemes to generate the resources required for high-dimensional quantum computing have so far been lacking in linear optics. Here, we show how to generate GHZ states in arbitrary dimensions and numbers of photons using linear optical circuits described by Fourier transform matrices. Combining our results with recent schemes for qudit Bell measurements, we show that universal linear optical quantum computing can be performed in arbitrary dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Paesani
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob F F Bulmer
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Alex E Jones
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaele Santagati
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Anthony Laing
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
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5
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Li M, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Ren X, Gong Q, Li Y. Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Integrated Photonic Quantum Chips for Generating Path-Encoded Bell States. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121111. [PMID: 33334077 PMCID: PMC7765531 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrated photonic quantum chip provides a promising platform to perform quantum computation, quantum simulation, quantum metrology and quantum communication. Femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) is a potential technique to fabricate various integrated photonic quantum chips in glass. Several quantum logic gates fabricated by FLDW have been reported, such as polarization and path encoded quantum controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. By combining several single qubit gates and two qubit gates, the quantum circuit can realize different functions, such as generating quantum entangled states and performing quantum computation algorithms. Here we demonstrate the FLDW of integrated photonic quantum chips composed of one Hadamard gate and one CNOT gate for generating all four path-encoded Bell states. The experimental results show that the average fidelity of the reconstructed truth table reaches as high as 98.8 ± 0.3%. Our work is of great importance to be widely applied in many quantum circuits, therefore this technique would offer great potential to fabricate more complex circuits to realize more advanced functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.L.); (Q.Z.); (Q.G.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.L.); (Q.Z.); (Q.G.)
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Y.C.); (X.R.)
| | - Xifeng Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (Y.C.); (X.R.)
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.L.); (Q.Z.); (Q.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.L.); (Q.Z.); (Q.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Fernandes MF, Solís-Prosser MA, Neves L. Ptychographic reconstruction of pure quantum states. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6002-6005. [PMID: 33137054 DOI: 10.1364/ol.401832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quantum analogue of ptychography, a powerful coherent diffractive imaging technique, is a simple method for reconstructing d-dimensional pure states. It relies on measuring partially overlapping parts of the input state in a single orthonormal basis and feeding the outcomes to an iterative phase retrieval algorithm for postprocessing. We provide a proof of concept demonstration of this method by determining pure states given by superpositions of d transverse spatial modes of an optical field. A set of n rank-r projectors, diagonal in the spatial mode basis, is used to generate n partially overlapping parts of the input, and each part is projectively measured in the Fourier transformed basis. For d up to 32, we successfully reconstructed hundreds of random states using n=5 and n=d rank-⌈d/2⌉ projectors. The extension of quantum ptychography for other types of photonic spatial modes is outlined.
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7
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Fernandes MF, Neves L. Ptychography of pure quantum states. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16066. [PMID: 31690741 PMCID: PMC6831583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ptychography is an imaging technique in which a localized illumination scans overlapping regions of an object and generates a set of diffraction intensities used to computationally reconstruct its complex-valued transmission function. We propose a quantum analogue of this technique designed to reconstruct d-dimensional pure states. A set of n rank-r projectors “scans” overlapping parts of an input state and the moduli of the d Fourier amplitudes of each part are measured. These nd outcomes are fed into an iterative phase retrieval algorithm that estimates the state. Using d up to 100 and r around d / 2, we performed numerical simulations for single systems in an economic (n = 4) and a costly (n = d) scenario, as well as for multiqubit systems (n = 6logd). This numeric study included realistic amounts of depolarization and poissonian noise, and all scenarios yielded, in general, reconstructions with infidelities below 10−2. The method is shown, therefore, to be resilient to noise and, for any d, requires a simple and fast postprocessing algorithm. We show that the algorithm is equivalent to an alternating gradient search, which ensures that it does not suffer from local-minima stagnation. Unlike traditional approaches to state reconstruction, the ptychographic scheme uses a single measurement basis; the diversity and redundancy in the measured data—key for its success—are provided by the overlapping projections. We illustrate the simplicity of this scheme with the paradigmatic multiport interferometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Foganholi Fernandes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Neves
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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8
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Seri A, Lago-Rivera D, Lenhard A, Corrielli G, Osellame R, Mazzera M, de Riedmatten H. Quantum Storage of Frequency-Multiplexed Heralded Single Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:080502. [PMID: 31491206 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the quantum storage of a heralded frequency-multiplexed single photon in an integrated laser-written rare-earth doped waveguide. The single photon contains 15 discrete frequency modes separated by 261 MHz and spanning across 4 GHz. It is obtained from a nondegenerate photon pair created via cavity-enhanced spontaneous down-conversion, where the heralding photon is at telecom wavelength and the heralded photon is at 606 nm. The frequency-multimode photon is stored in a praseodymium-doped waveguide using the atomic frequency comb (AFC) scheme, by creating multiple combs within the inhomogeneous broadening of the crystal. Thanks to the intrinsic temporal multimodality of the AFC scheme, each spectral bin includes 9 temporal modes, such that the total number of stored modes is about 130. We demonstrate that the storage preserves the nonclassical properties of the single photon, and its normalized frequency spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Seri
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Technology, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Dario Lago-Rivera
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Technology, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Andreas Lenhard
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Technology, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Giacomo Corrielli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Mazzera
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Technology, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Technology, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Adcock JC, Vigliar C, Santagati R, Silverstone JW, Thompson MG. Programmable four-photon graph states on a silicon chip. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3528. [PMID: 31388017 PMCID: PMC6684799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Future quantum computers require a scalable architecture on a scalable technology-one that supports millions of high-performance components. Measurement-based protocols, using graph states, represent the state of the art in architectures for optical quantum computing. Silicon photonics technology offers enormous scale and proven quantum optical functionality. Here we produce and encode photonic graph states on a mass-manufactured chip, using four on-chip-generated photons. We programmably generate all types of four-photon graph state, implementing a basic measurement-based protocol, and measure high-visibility heralded interference of the chip's four photons. We develop a model of the device and bound the dominant sources of error using Bayesian inference. The combination of measurement-based quantum computation, silicon photonics technology, and on-chip multi-pair sources will be a useful one for future scalable quantum information processing with photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Adcock
- Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory & School of Computer, Electronic Engineering & Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Caterina Vigliar
- Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory & School of Computer, Electronic Engineering & Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Raffaele Santagati
- Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory & School of Computer, Electronic Engineering & Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Joshua W Silverstone
- Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory & School of Computer, Electronic Engineering & Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
| | - Mark G Thompson
- Quantum Engineering Technology (QET) Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory & School of Computer, Electronic Engineering & Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
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10
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Stobińska M, Buraczewski A, Moore M, Clements WR, Renema JJ, Nam SW, Gerrits T, Lita A, Kolthammer WS, Eckstein A, Walmsley IA. Quantum interference enables constant-time quantum information processing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau9674. [PMID: 31334346 PMCID: PMC6641944 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is an open question how fast information processing can be performed and whether quantum effects can speed up the best existing solutions. Signal extraction, analysis, and compression in diagnostics, astronomy, chemistry, and broadcasting build on the discrete Fourier transform. It is implemented with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm that assumes a periodic input of specific lengths, which rarely holds true. A lesser-known transform, the Kravchuk-Fourier (KT), allows one to operate on finite strings of arbitrary length. It is of high demand in digital image processing and computer vision but features a prohibitive runtime. Here, we report a one-step computation of a fractional quantum KT. The quantum d-nary (qudit) architecture we use comprises only one gate and offers processing time independent of the input size. The gate may use a multiphoton Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. Existing quantum technologies may scale it up toward diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Stobińska
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Buraczewski
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Moore
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - W. R. Clements
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - J. J. Renema
- Complex Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - S. W. Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - T. Gerrits
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - A. Lita
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - W. S. Kolthammer
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - A. Eckstein
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - I. A. Walmsley
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
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11
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Isdrailă TA, Kusko C, Ionicioiu R. Cyclic permutations for qudits in d dimensions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6337. [PMID: 31004090 PMCID: PMC6474885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in quantum technologies is the ability to control individual quantum systems. This task becomes increasingly difficult as the dimension of the system grows. Here we propose a general setup for cyclic permutations Xd in d dimensions, a major primitive for constructing arbitrary qudit gates. Using orbital angular momentum states as a qudit, the simplest implementation of the Xd gate in d dimensions requires a single quantum sorter Sd and two spiral phase plates. We then extend this construction to a generalised Xd(p) gate to perform a cyclic permutation of a set of d, equally spaced values {|[Formula: see text]〉, |[Formula: see text] + p〉, …, |[Formula: see text] + (d - 1)p〉} [Formula: see text] {|[Formula: see text] + p〉, |[Formula: see text] + 2p〉, …, |[Formula: see text]〉}. We find compact implementations for the generalised Xd(p) gate in both Michelson (one sorter Sd, two spiral phase plates) and Mach-Zehnder configurations (two sorters Sd, two spiral phase plates). Remarkably, the number of spiral phase plates is independent of the qudit dimension d. Our architecture for Xd and generalised Xd(p) gate will enable complex quantum algorithms for qudits, for example quantum protocols using photonic OAM states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor-Alexandru Isdrailă
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Măgurele, 077125, Romania
| | - Cristian Kusko
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies IMT, Bucharest, 077190, Romania
| | - Radu Ionicioiu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Măgurele, 077125, Romania.
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12
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Brod DJ, Galvão EF, Viggianiello N, Flamini F, Spagnolo N, Sciarrino F. Witnessing Genuine Multiphoton Indistinguishability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:063602. [PMID: 30822072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bosonic interference is a fundamental physical phenomenon, and it is believed to lie at the heart of quantum computational advantage. It is thus necessary to develop practical tools to witness its presence, both for a reliable assessment of a quantum source and for fundamental investigations. Here we describe how linear interferometers can be used to unambiguously witness genuine n-boson indistinguishability. The amount of violation of the proposed witnesses bounds the degree of multiboson indistinguishability, for which we also provide a novel intuitive model using set theory. We experimentally implement this test to bound the degree of three-photon indistinguishability in states we prepare using parametric down-conversion. Our approach results in a convenient tool for practical photonic applications, and may inspire further fundamental advances based on the operational framework we adopt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Brod
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-340, Brazil
| | - Ernesto F Galvão
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza s/n, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-340, Brazil
| | - Niko Viggianiello
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fulvio Flamini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Nicolò Spagnolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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13
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Flamini F, Spagnolo N, Sciarrino F. Photonic quantum information processing: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016001. [PMID: 30421725 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aad5b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photonic quantum technologies represent a promising platform for several applications, ranging from long-distance communications to the simulation of complex phenomena. Indeed, the advantages offered by single photons do make them the candidate of choice for carrying quantum information in a broad variety of areas with a versatile approach. Furthermore, recent technological advances are now enabling first concrete applications of photonic quantum information processing. The goal of this manuscript is to provide the reader with a comprehensive review of the state of the art in this active field, with a due balance between theoretical, experimental and technological results. When more convenient, we will present significant achievements in tables or in schematic figures, in order to convey a global perspective of the several horizons that fall under the name of photonic quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Flamini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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14
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Optimal photonic indistinguishability tests in multimode networks. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1470-1478. [PMID: 36658828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Particle indistinguishability is at the heart of quantum statistics that regulates fundamental phenomena such as the electronic band structure of solids, Bose-Einstein condensation and superconductivity. Moreover, it is necessary in practical applications such as linear optical quantum computation and simulation, in particular for Boson Sampling devices. It is thus crucial to develop tools to certify genuine multiphoton interference between multiple sources. Our approach employs the total variation distance to find those transformations that minimize the error probability in discriminating the behaviors of distinguishable and indistinguishable photons. In particular, we show that so-called Sylvester interferometers are near-optimal for this task. By using Bayesian tests and inference, we numerically show that Sylvester transformations largely outperform most Haar-random unitaries in terms of sample size required. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of the transformation using an efficient 3D integrated circuits in the single- and multiple-source cases. We then discuss the extension of this approach to a larger number of photons and modes. These results open the way to the application of Sylvester interferometers for optimal assessment of multiphoton interference experiments.
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15
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Dittel C, Dufour G, Walschaers M, Weihs G, Buchleitner A, Keil R. Totally Destructive Many-Particle Interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:240404. [PMID: 29956991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.240404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In a general, multimode scattering setup, we show how the permutation symmetry of a many-particle input state determines those scattering unitaries that exhibit strictly suppressed many-particle transition events. We formulate purely algebraic suppression laws that identify these events and show that the many-particle interference at their origin is robust under weak disorder and imperfect indistinguishability of the interfering particles. Finally, we demonstrate that all suppression laws so far described in the literature are embedded in the general framework that we here introduce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Dittel
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Dufour
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität-Freiburg, Albertstr. 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mattia Walschaers
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France; 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Gregor Weihs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Buchleitner
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Keil
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Heilmann R, Greganti C, Gräfe M, Nolte S, Walther P, Szameit A. Tapering of femtosecond laser-written waveguides. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:377-381. [PMID: 29400784 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The vast development of integrated quantum photonic technology enables the implementation of compact and stable interferometric networks. In particular, laser-written waveguide structures allow for complex 3D circuits and polarization-encoded qubit manipulation. However, the main limitation in the scaling up of integrated quantum devices is the single-photon loss due to mode-profile mismatch when coupling to standard fibers or other optical platforms. Here we demonstrate tapered waveguide structures realized by an adapted femtosecond laser writing technique. We show that coupling to standard single-mode fibers can be enhanced up to 77% while keeping the fabrication effort negligible. This improvement provides an important step for processing multiphoton states on chip.
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17
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Liu JC, Cheng YT, Hung HS. Joint Bearing and Range Estimation of Multiple Objects from Time-Frequency Analysis. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18010291. [PMID: 29351229 PMCID: PMC5795638 DOI: 10.3390/s18010291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Direction-of-arrival (DOA) and range estimation is an important issue of sonar signal processing. In this paper, a novel approach using Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is proposed for joint bearing and range estimation of multiple targets based on a uniform linear array (ULA) of hydrophones. The structure of this ULA based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, and thus has attractive features of small size, high sensitivity and low cost, and is suitable for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) operations. This proposed target localization method has the following advantages: only a single snapshot of data is needed and real-time processing is feasible. The proposed algorithm transforms a very complicated nonlinear estimation problem to a simple nearly linear one via time-frequency distribution (TFD) theory and is verified with HHT. Theoretical discussions of resolution issue are also provided to facilitate the design of a MEMS sensor with high sensitivity. Simulation results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Cheng Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2 Pei-ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Yuang-Tung Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2 Pei-ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Hsien-Sen Hung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2 Pei-ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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18
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Pitsios I, Banchi L, Rab AS, Bentivegna M, Caprara D, Crespi A, Spagnolo N, Bose S, Mataloni P, Osellame R, Sciarrino F. Photonic simulation of entanglement growth and engineering after a spin chain quench. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1569. [PMID: 29146982 PMCID: PMC5691163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The time evolution of quantum many-body systems is one of the most important processes for benchmarking quantum simulators. The most curious feature of such dynamics is the growth of quantum entanglement to an amount proportional to the system size (volume law) even when interactions are local. This phenomenon has great ramifications for fundamental aspects, while its optimisation clearly has an impact on technology (e.g., for on-chip quantum networking). Here we use an integrated photonic chip with a circuit-based approach to simulate the dynamics of a spin chain and maximise the entanglement generation. The resulting entanglement is certified by constructing a second chip, which measures the entanglement between multiple distant pairs of simulated spins, as well as the block entanglement entropy. This is the first photonic simulation and optimisation of the extensive growth of entanglement in a spin chain, and opens up the use of photonic circuits for optimising quantum devices. The complete maximisation of the entanglement between two complementary blocks of spins due to the dynamics of spin chains remains to be observed. Here, Pitsios et al. simulate such dynamics by propagating single photons in an integrated photonic circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Pitsios
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), P.za Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Banchi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Adil S Rab
- Dipartimento di Fisica-Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Bentivegna
- Dipartimento di Fisica-Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Debora Caprara
- Dipartimento di Fisica-Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Crespi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), P.za Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicolò Spagnolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica-Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Sougato Bose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
| | - Paolo Mataloni
- Dipartimento di Fisica-Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), P.za Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano, P.za Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica-Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy.
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19
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Benchmarking integrated linear-optical architectures for quantum information processing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15133. [PMID: 29123136 PMCID: PMC5680265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photonic platforms represent a promising technology for the realization of several quantum communication protocols and for experiments of quantum simulation. Moreover, large-scale integrated interferometers have recently gained a relevant role in quantum computing, specifically with Boson Sampling devices and the race for quantum supremacy. Indeed, various linear optical schemes have been proposed for the implementation of unitary transformations, each one suitable for a specific task. Notwithstanding, so far a comprehensive analysis of the state of the art under broader and realistic conditions is still lacking. In the present work we fill this gap, providing in a unified framework a quantitative comparison of the three main photonic architectures, namely the ones with triangular and square designs and the so-called fast transformations. All layouts have been analyzed in presence of losses and imperfect control over the internal reflectivities and phases, showing that the square design outperforms the triangular scheme in most operational conditions. Our results represent a further step ahead towards the implementation of quantum information protocols on large-scale integrated photonic devices.
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20
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Wendin G. Quantum information processing with superconducting circuits: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:106001. [PMID: 28682303 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa7e1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
During the last ten years, superconducting circuits have passed from being interesting physical devices to becoming contenders for near-future useful and scalable quantum information processing (QIP). Advanced quantum simulation experiments have been shown with up to nine qubits, while a demonstration of quantum supremacy with fifty qubits is anticipated in just a few years. Quantum supremacy means that the quantum system can no longer be simulated by the most powerful classical supercomputers. Integrated classical-quantum computing systems are already emerging that can be used for software development and experimentation, even via web interfaces. Therefore, the time is ripe for describing some of the recent development of superconducting devices, systems and applications. As such, the discussion of superconducting qubits and circuits is limited to devices that are proven useful for current or near future applications. Consequently, the centre of interest is the practical applications of QIP, such as computation and simulation in Physics and Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wendin
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience-MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Pitsios I, Samara F, Corrielli G, Crespi A, Osellame R. Geometrically-controlled polarisation processing in femtosecond-laser-written photonic circuits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11342. [PMID: 28900104 PMCID: PMC5596026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarisation of light is a powerful and widely used degree of freedom to encode information, both in classical and quantum applications. In particular, quantum information technologies based on photons are being revolutionised by the use of integrated photonic circuits. It is therefore very important to be able to manipulate the polarisation of photons in such circuits. We experimentally demonstrate the fabrication by femtosecond laser micromachining of components such as polarisation insensitive and polarising directional couplers, operating at 1550 nm wavelength, where the two opposite behaviours are achieved just by controlling the geometric layout of the photonic circuits, being the waveguides fabricated with the same irradiation recipe. We expect to employ this approach in complex integrated photonic devices, capable of a full control of the photons polarisation for quantum cryptography, quantum computation and quantum teleportation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Pitsios
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Farid Samara
- Dipartimento di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,GAP-Quantum Technologies, Université de Genève, Chemin de Pinchat 22, Genève, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Corrielli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Crespi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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22
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Su ZE, Li Y, Rohde PP, Huang HL, Wang XL, Li L, Liu NL, Dowling JP, Lu CY, Pan JW. Multiphoton Interference in Quantum Fourier Transform Circuits and Applications to Quantum Metrology. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:080502. [PMID: 28952770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum Fourier transforms (QFTs) have gained increased attention with the rise of quantum walks, boson sampling, and quantum metrology. Here, we present and demonstrate a general technique that simplifies the construction of QFT interferometers using both path and polarization modes. On that basis, we first observe the generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel effect with up to four photons. Furthermore, we directly exploit number-path entanglement generated in these QFT interferometers and demonstrate optical phase supersensitivities deterministically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-En Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Peter P Rohde
- Centre for Quantum Software & Information (QSI), Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - He-Liang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jonathan P Dowling
- Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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23
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Shchesnovich VS. Asymptotic Gaussian law for noninteracting indistinguishable particles in random networks. Sci Rep 2017; 7:31. [PMID: 28194000 PMCID: PMC5428393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For N indistinguishable bosons or fermions impinged on a M-port Haar-random unitary network the average probability to count n 1, … n r particles in a small number r ≪ N of binned-together output ports takes a Gaussian form as N ≫ 1. The discovered Gaussian asymptotic law is the well-known asymptotic law for distinguishable particles, governed by a multinomial distribution, modified by the quantum statistics with stronger effect for greater particle density N/M. Furthermore, it is shown that the same Gaussian law is the asymptotic form of the probability to count particles at the output bins of a fixed multiport with the averaging performed over all possible configurations of the particles in the input ports. In the limit N → ∞, the average counting probability for indistinguishable bosons, fermions, and distinguishable particles differs only at a non-vanishing particle density N/M and only for a singular binning K/M → 1, where K output ports belong to a single bin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery S Shchesnovich
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, 09210-170, Brazil.
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24
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Rigovacca L, Di Franco C, Metcalf BJ, Walmsley IA, Kim MS. Nonclassicality Criteria in Multiport Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:213602. [PMID: 27911519 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.213602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interference lies at the heart of the behavior of classical and quantum light. It is thus crucial to understand the boundaries between which interference patterns can be explained by a classical electromagnetic description of light and which, on the other hand, can only be understood with a proper quantum mechanical approach. While the case of two-mode interference has received a lot of attention, the multimode case has not yet been fully explored. Here we study a general scenario of intensity interferometry: we derive a bound on the average correlations between pairs of output intensities for the classical wavelike model of light, and we show how it can be violated in a quantum framework. As a consequence, this violation acts as a nonclassicality witness, able to detect the presence of sources with sub-Poissonian photon-number statistics. We also develop a criterion that can certify the impossibility of dividing a given interferometer into two independent subblocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rigovacca
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Di Franco
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- Complexity Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637723, Singapore
| | - B J Metcalf
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - I A Walmsley
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M S Kim
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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