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Liccardo D, Valletta A, Spagnuolo G, Vinciguerra C, Lauria MR, Perrotta A, Del Giudice C, De Luca F, Rengo G, Rengo S, Rengo C, Cannavo A. Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors induce toxic effects in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: GRK5 modulation as a protective strategy. J Biotechnol 2024; 393:7-16. [PMID: 39033880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PDS) is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by a dysbiosis of oral pathogenic bacterial species, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). These bacteria can penetrate the bloodstream, releasing various endo and exotoxins that fuel the infection, and stimulate toxic inflammation in different compartments, including the brain. However, the specific mechanisms by which PDS/Pg contribute to brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), remain unclear. This study assessed the effects of Pg's virulence factors - lipopolysaccharide (LPS-Pg) and gingipains (gps) K (Kgp) and Rgp - on SH-SY5Y cells. Our results demonstrated that LPS-Pg activated signaling through the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/4 induced a significant downregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5). Additionally, LPS-Pg stimulation resulted in a robust increase in Tau phosphorylation (pTau) and p53 levels, while causing a marked reduction in Bcl2 and increased cell death compared to unstimulated cells (Ns). LPS-Pg also elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, leading to oxidative damage. In cells overexpressing GRK5 via Adenovirus, LPS-Pg failed to increase iNOS and pTau levels compared to GFP control cells. High GRK5 levels also prevented the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Furthermore, the overexpression of a GRK5 mutant form lacking the nuclear localization signal (ΔNLS) nearly abolished LPS-Pg induced p53 and iNOS upregulation. Finally, we tested whether Kgp and Rgp mediated similar effects and our data showed that both gps caused a marked downregulation of GRK5 leading to increased p53 and pTau levels. In conclusion, this study provides further insight into the toxic effects elicited by Pg in cells and suggests that preventing GRK5 deficiency may be a valid strategy to mitigate Pg-induced toxic effects (i.e. cell death, oxidative damage, and Tau hyperphosphorylation) in SH-SY5Y cells, which are typical molecular hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valletta
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Caterina Vinciguerra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Lauria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alessia Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carmela Del Giudice
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesca De Luca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS - Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Sandro Rengo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carlo Rengo
- Dental School of Periodontology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80127, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy.
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2
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Corbi G, Comegna M, Vinciguerra C, Capasso A, Onorato L, Salucci AM, Rapacciuolo A, Cannavo A. Age and sex mediated effects of estrogen and Β3-adrenergic receptor on cardiovascular pathophysiology. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112420. [PMID: 38588751 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Sex differences are consistently identified in determining the prevalence, manifestation, and response to therapies in several systemic disorders, including those affecting the cardiovascular (CV), skeletal muscle, and nervous system. Interestingly, such differences are often more noticeable as we age. For example, premenopausal women experience a lower risk of CV disease than men of the same age. While at an advanced age, with menopause, the risk of cardiovascular diseases and adverse outcomes increases exponentially in women, exceeding that of men. However, this effect appears to be reversed in diseases such as pulmonary hypertension, where women are up to seven times more likely than men to develop an idiopathic form of the disease with symptoms developing ten years earlier than their male counterparts. Explaining this is a complex question. However, several factors and mechanisms have been identified in recent decades, including a role for sex hormones, particularly estrogens and their related receptors. Furthermore, an emerging role in these sex differences has also been suggested for β-adrenergic receptors (βARs), which are essential regulators of mammalian physiology. It has in fact been shown that βARs interact with estrogen receptors (ER), providing further demonstration of their involvement in determining sexual differences. Based on these premises, this review article focused on the β3AR subtype, which shows important activities in adipose tissue but with new and interesting roles in regulating the function of cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. In detail, we examined how β3AR and ER signaling are intertwined and whether there would be sex- and age-dependent specific effects of these receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marika Comegna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies - Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Vinciguerra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Onorato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rapacciuolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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3
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Mohtasham Kia Y, Cannavo A, Bahiraie P, Alilou S, Saeedian B, Babajani N, Ghondaghsaz E, Khalaji A, Behnoush AH. Insights into the Role of Galectin-3 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker of Atrial Fibrillation. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:2097012. [PMID: 37849915 PMCID: PMC10578984 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2097012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an irregular atrial activity and the most prevalent type of arrhythmia. Although AF is easily diagnosed with an electrocardiogram, there is a keen interest in identifying an easy-to-dose biomarker that can predict the prognosis of AF and its recurrence. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a beta-galactoside binding protein from the lectin family with pro-fibrotic and -inflammatory effects and a pivotal role in a variety of biological processes, cell proliferation, and differentiation; therefore, it is implicated in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure (HF)) and noncardiovascular diseases. However, its specificity and sensitivity as a potential marker in AF patients remain debated and controversial. This article comprehensively reviewed the evidence regarding the interplay between Gal-3 and patients with AF. Clinical implications of measuring Gal-3 in AF patients for diagnosis and prognosis are mentioned. Moreover, the role of Gal-3 as a potential biomarker for the management of AF recurrence is investigated. The association of Gal-3 and AF in special populations (coronary artery disease, HF, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus) has been explored in this review. Overall, although further studies are needed to enlighten the role of Gal-3 in the diagnosis and treatment of AF, our study demonstrated the high potential of this molecule to be used and focused on by researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pegah Bahiraie
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanam Alilou
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Saeedian
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Nastaran Babajani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Elina Ghondaghsaz
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amirmohammad Khalaji
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Behnoush
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran 1417613151, Iran
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Cardiovascular Disease in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Putative Contributions of Mineralocorticoid Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032245. [PMID: 36768567 PMCID: PMC9916750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic and highly prevalent condition that is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, leading to endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and vascular insulin resistance, resulting in increased cardiovascular disease and overall mortality rates. To date, OSA remains vastly underdiagnosed and undertreated, with conventional treatments yielding relatively discouraging results for improving cardiovascular outcomes in OSA patients. As such, a better mechanistic understanding of OSA-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the development of novel adjuvant therapeutic targets are critically needed. It is well-established that inappropriate mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation in cardiovascular tissues plays a causal role in a multitude of CVD states. Clinical studies and experimental models of OSA lead to increased secretion of the MR ligand aldosterone and excessive MR activation. Furthermore, MR activation has been associated with worsened OSA prognosis. Despite these documented relationships, there have been no studies exploring the causal involvement of MR signaling in OSA-associated CVD. Further, scarce clinical studies have exclusively assessed the beneficial role of MR antagonists for the treatment of systemic hypertension commonly associated with OSA. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of overlapping mechanistic pathways recruited in the context of MR activation- and OSA-induced CVD and propose MR-targeted therapy as a potential avenue to abrogate the deleterious cardiovascular consequences of OSA.
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Are Skeletal Muscle Changes during Prolonged Space Flights Similar to Those Experienced by Frail and Sarcopenic Older Adults? LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122139. [PMID: 36556504 PMCID: PMC9781047 DOI: 10.3390/life12122139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity exposure causes several physiological and psychosocial alterations that challenge astronauts' health during space flight. Notably, many of these changes are mostly related to physical inactivity influencing different functional systems and organ biology, in particular the musculoskeletal system, dramatically resulting in aging-like phenotypes, such as those occurring in older persons on Earth. In this sense, sarcopenia, a syndrome characterized by the loss in muscle mass and strength due to skeletal muscle unloading, is undoubtedly one of the most critical aging-like adverse effects of microgravity and a prevalent problem in the geriatric population, still awaiting effective countermeasures. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to identify clinically relevant biological markers and to underline molecular mechanisms behind these effects that are still poorly understood. From this perspective, a lesson from Geroscience may help tailor interventions to counteract the adverse effects of microgravity. For instance, decades of studies in the field have demonstrated that in the older people, the clinical picture of sarcopenia remarkably overlaps (from a clinical and biological point of view) with that of frailty, primarily when referred to the physical function domain. Based on this premise, here we provide a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms of sarcopenia and frailty, which in aging are often considered together, and how these converge with those observed in astronauts after space flight.
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Sex/Gender- and Age-Related Differences in β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154280. [PMID: 35893368 PMCID: PMC9330499 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) are often recognized from experimental and clinical studies examining the prevalence, manifestations, and response to therapies. Compared to age-matched men, women tend to have reduced CV risk and a better prognosis in the premenopausal period. However, with menopause, this risk increases exponentially, surpassing that of men. Although several mechanisms have been provided, including sex hormones, an emerging role in these sex differences has been suggested for β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling. Importantly, β-ARs are the most important G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), expressed in almost all the cell types of the CV system, and involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Consistent with their role, for decades, βARs have been considered the first targets for rational drug design to fight CVDs. Of note, β-ARs are seemingly associated with different CV outcomes in females compared with males. In addition, even if there is a critical inverse correlation between β-AR responsiveness and aging, it has been reported that gender is crucially involved in this age-related effect. This review will discuss how β-ARs impact the CV risk and response to anti-CVD therapies, also concerning sex and age. Further, we will explore how estrogens impact β-AR signaling in women.
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Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Matter of Estrogens, Ceramides, and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074009. [PMID: 35409368 PMCID: PMC8999971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical community recognizes sex-related differences in pathophysiology and cardiovascular disease outcomes (CVD), culminating with heart failure. In general, pre-menopausal women tend to have a better prognosis than men. Explaining why this occurs is not a simple matter. For decades, sex hormones like estrogens (Es) have been identified as one of the leading factors driving these sex differences. Indeed, Es seem protective in women as their decline, during and after menopause, coincides with an increased CV risk and HF development. However, clinical trials demonstrated that E replacement in post-menopause women results in adverse cardiac events and increased risk of breast cancer. Thus, a deeper understanding of E-related mechanisms is needed to provide a vital gateway toward better CVD prevention and treatment in women. Of note, sphingolipids (SLs) and their metabolism are strictly related to E activities. Among the SLs, ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate play essential roles in mammalian physiology, particularly in the CV system, and appear differently modulated in males and females. In keeping with this view, here we explore the most recent experimental and clinical observations about the role of E and SL metabolism, emphasizing how these factors impact the CV system.
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8
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Cannavo A, Liccardo D, Gelzo M, Amato F, Gentile I, Pinchera B, Femminella GD, Parrella R, DE Rosa A, Gambino G, Marzano F, Ferrara N, Paolocci N, Rengo G, Castaldo G. Serum Galectin-3 and Aldosterone: potential biomarkers of cardiac complications in patients with COVID-19. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2022; 47:270-278. [PMID: 35266671 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus (CoV2) primarily targeting the lungs, the heart represents another critical virus target. Thus, the identification of SARS-CoV-2 disease of 2019 (COVID-19)-associated biomarkers would be beneficial to stratify prognosis and the risk of developing cardiac complications. Aldosterone and galectin-3 promote fibrosis and inflammation and are considered a prognostic biomarker of lung and adverse cardiac remodeling. Here, we tested whether galectin-3 and aldosterone levels can predict adverse cardiac outcomes in COVID-19 patients. METHODS To this aim, we assessed galectin-3 and aldosterone serum levels in 51 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, using a population of 19 healthy subjects as controls. In in vitro studies, we employed 3T3 fibroblasts to assess the potential roles of aldosterone and galectin-3 in fibroblast activation. RESULTS Serum galectin-3 levels were more elevated in COVID-19 patients than healthy controls and correlated with COVID-19 severity classification and cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) serum levels. Furthermore, we observed an augmented secretion of aldosterone in COVID-19 patients. This adrenal hormone is a direct stimulator of galectin-3 secretion; therefore, we surmised that this axis could perpetrate fibrosis and adverse remodeling in these subjects. Thus, we stimulated fibroblasts with 10% of serum from COVID-19 patients. This challenge markedly rose the expression of smooth muscle alpha (α)-2 actin (ACTA2), a myofibroblast marker. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that COVID-19 can affect cardiac structure and function by triggering aldosterone and galectin-3 release that may serve as prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers while monitoring the course of cardiac complications in patients suffering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monica Gelzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Amato
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pinchera
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia D Femminella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Parrella
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, Cotugno Hospital- A.O.R.N. Dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata DE Rosa
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, Cotugno Hospital- A.O.R.N. Dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Marzano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri -S.p.A. - Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Scientifico di Telese Terme, Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy - .,Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri -S.p.A. - Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Scientifico di Telese Terme, Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Naples, Italy
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9
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Marzano F, Liccardo D, Elia A, Mucio I, de Lucia C, Lucchese AM, Gao E, Ferrara N, Rapacciuolo A, Paolocci N, Rengo G, Koch WJ, Cannavo A. Genetic Catalytic Inactivation of GRK5 Impairs Cardiac Function in Mice Via Dysregulated P53 Levels. JACC. BASIC TO TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 7:366-380. [PMID: 35540100 PMCID: PMC9079799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
GRK5's catalytic activity in regulating basal and stressed cardiac function has not been studied. Herein, we studied knock-in mice in which GRK5 was mutated to render it catalytically inactive (K215R). At baseline, GRK5-K215R mice showed a marked decline in cardiac function with increased apoptosis and fibrosis. In vitro, restriction of GRK5 inside the nucleus of cardiomyocytes resulted in enhanced cell death along with higher p53 levels. Moreover, in fibroblasts, we demonstrated that K215R mutation promoted the transition into myofibroblast phenotype. This study provides novel insight into the biological actions of GRK5, that are essential for its future targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marzano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Elia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Mucio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio de Lucia
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Maria Lucchese
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy,Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS-Maugeri, Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Antonio Rapacciuolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy,Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS-Maugeri, Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr Walter J. Koch, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 North Broad Street, MERB 941, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy,Dr Alessandro Cannavo, Federico II University of Naples, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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10
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Górska AA, Sandmann C, Riechert E, Hofmann C, Malovrh E, Varma E, Kmietczyk V, Ölschläger J, Jürgensen L, Kamuf-Schenk V, Stroh C, Furkel J, Konstandin MH, Sticht C, Boileau E, Dieterich C, Frey N, Katus HA, Doroudgar S, Völkers M. Muscle-specific Cand2 is translationally upregulated by mTORC1 and promotes adverse cardiac remodeling. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52170. [PMID: 34605609 PMCID: PMC8647021 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) promotes pathological remodeling in the heart by activating ribosomal biogenesis and mRNA translation. Inhibition of mTOR in cardiomyocytes is protective; however, a detailed role of mTOR in translational regulation of specific mRNA networks in the diseased heart is unknown. We performed cardiomyocyte genome-wide sequencing to define mTOR-dependent gene expression control at the level of mRNA translation. We identify the muscle-specific protein Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 2 (Cand2) as a translationally upregulated gene, dependent on the activity of mTOR. Deletion of Cand2 protects the myocardium against pathological remodeling. Mechanistically, we show that Cand2 links mTOR signaling to pathological cell growth by increasing Grk5 protein expression. Our data suggest that cell-type-specific targeting of mTOR might have therapeutic value against pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Górska
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Clara Sandmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Riechert
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Hofmann
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ellen Malovrh
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eshita Varma
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vivien Kmietczyk
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julie Ölschläger
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lonny Jürgensen
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Kamuf-Schenk
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Stroh
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jennifer Furkel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias H Konstandin
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Etienne Boileau
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology and Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology and Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
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11
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de las Heras N, Galiana A, Ballesteros S, Olivares-Álvaro E, Fuller PJ, Lahera V, Martín-Fernández B. Proanthocyanidins Maintain Cardiac Ionic Homeostasis in Aldosterone-Induced Hypertension and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179602. [PMID: 34502509 PMCID: PMC8431754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess aldosterone promotes pathological remodeling of the heart and imbalance in cardiac ion homeostasis of sodium, potassium and calcium. Novel treatment with proanthocyanidins in aldosterone-treated rats has resulted in downregulation of cardiac SGK1, the main genomic aldosterone-induced intracellular mediator of ion handling. It therefore follows that proanthocyanidins could be modulating cardiac ion homeostasis in aldosterone-treated rats. Male Wistar rats received aldosterone (1 mg kg−1 day−1) +1% NaCl for three weeks. Half of the animals in each group were simultaneously treated with the proanthocyanidins-rich extract (80% w/w) (PRO80, 5 mg kg−1 day−1). PRO80 prevented cardiac hypertrophy and decreased calcium content. Expression of ion channels (ROMK, NHE1, NKA and NCX1) and calcium transient mediators (CAV1.2, pCaMKII and oxCaMKII) were reduced by PRO80 treatment in aldosterone-treated rats. To conclude, our data indicate that PRO80 may offer an alternative treatment to conventional MR-blockade in the prevention of aldosterone-induced cardiac pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia de las Heras
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Adrián Galiana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Sandra Ballesteros
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Elena Olivares-Álvaro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Peter J. Fuller
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Vicente Lahera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
| | - Beatriz Martín-Fernández
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.l.H.); (A.G.); (S.B.); (E.O.-Á.); (V.L.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-987-291-000 (ext. 3650)
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12
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Tsai CH, Pan CT, Chang YY, Peng SY, Lee PC, Liao CW, Shun CT, Li PT, Wu VC, Chou CH, Tsai IJ, Hung CS, Lin YH. Aldosterone Excess Induced Mitochondria Decrease and Dysfunction via Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Oxidative Stress In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080946. [PMID: 34440149 PMCID: PMC8392669 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone excess plays a major role in the progression of cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in clinical diseases such as primary aldosteronism and heart failure. However, the effect of aldosterone excess on cardiac mitochondria is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of aldosterone excess on cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and its mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. We used H9c2 cardiomyocytes to investigate the effect and mechanism of aldosterone excess on cardiac mitochondria, and further investigated them in an aldosterone-infused ICR mice model. The results of the cell study showed that aldosterone excess decreased mitochondrial DNA, COX IV and SOD2 protein expressions, and mitochondria ATP production. These effects were abolished or attenuated by treatment with a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist and antioxidant. With regard to the signal transduction pathway, aldosterone suppressed cardiac mitochondria through an MR/MAPK/p38/reactive oxygen species pathway. In the mouse model, aldosterone infusion decreased the amount of cardiac mitochondrial DNA and COX IV protein, and the effects were also attenuated by treatment with an MR antagonist and antioxidant. In conclusion, aldosterone excess induced a decrease in mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction via MRs and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsuan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.T.); (Y.-Y.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Jinshan Branch, New Taipei City 208, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-T.P.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-W.L.); (P.-T.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Chien-Ting Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-T.P.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-W.L.); (P.-T.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin 640, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-H.T.); (Y.-Y.C.)
- Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-T.P.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-W.L.); (P.-T.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Po-Chin Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Che-Wei Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-T.P.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-W.L.); (P.-T.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Ting Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-T.P.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-W.L.); (P.-T.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hung Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - I-Jung Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (I.-J.T.); (C.-S.H.); Tel.: +886-2-231-23456 (I.-J.T.); +886-2-23123456 (ext. 62152) (C.-S.H.); Fax: +886-2-23515811 (I.-J.T. & C.-S.H.)
| | - Chi-Sheng Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-T.P.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-W.L.); (P.-T.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (I.-J.T.); (C.-S.H.); Tel.: +886-2-231-23456 (I.-J.T.); +886-2-23123456 (ext. 62152) (C.-S.H.); Fax: +886-2-23515811 (I.-J.T. & C.-S.H.)
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-T.P.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-W.L.); (P.-T.L.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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13
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Zhao Y, Bai Y, Li Y, Dong Y, Guo Y, Wang W, Liu H. Disturbance of myocardial metabolism participates in autoantibodies against β 1 -adrenoceptor-induced cardiac dysfunction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:846-854. [PMID: 33565091 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction is involved in disorders of energy metabolism. High-titre autoantibodies against the β1 -adrenoceptor (β1 -AAs) have been reported to exist in patients with cardiac dysfunction; however, the mechanism by which β1 -AAs affect cardiac function is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether β1 -AAs disturb myocardium energy metabolism and cause cardiac dysfunction. β1 -AA monoclonal antibodies (β1 -AAmAbs) were successfully pre-synthesized by hybridoma clones and used in all experiments. β1 -AAmAbs impaired cardiac function and induced a myocardial metabolic disturbance, as evidenced by decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening. In addition, β1 -AAmAbs decreased the adenosine triphosphate level and increased cardiac energy consumption (rate-pressure product). We further showed that the effects of β1 -AAmAbs on heart tissue might involve the mitochondria and metabolic pathways via the β1 -adrenoceptor based on an immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Additionally, we found that β1 -AAmAbs impaired myocardial mitochondrial structure, decreased the membrane potential, and induced insufficient mitophagy. In conclusion, β1 -AAmAb-induced cardiac dysfunction is partly due to a disturbance in myocardial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Targeting GRK5 for Treating Chronic Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041920. [PMID: 33671974 PMCID: PMC7919044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell-surface receptors and they are responsible for the transduction of extracellular signals, regulating almost all aspects of mammalian physiology. These receptors are specifically regulated by a family of serine/threonine kinases, called GPCR kinases (GRKs). Given the biological role of GPCRs, it is not surprising that GRKs are also involved in several pathophysiological processes. Particular importance is emerging for GRK5, which is a multifunctional protein, expressed in different cell types, and it has been found located in single or multiple subcellular compartments. For instance, when anchored to the plasma membrane, GRK5 exerts its canonical function, regulating GPCRs. However, under certain conditions (e.g., pro-hypertrophic stimuli), GRK5 translocates to the nucleus of cells where it can interact with non-GPCR-related proteins as well as DNA itself to promote “non-canonical” signaling, including gene transcription. Importantly, due to these actions, several studies have demonstrated that GRK5 has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic-degenerative disorders. This is true in the cardiac cells, tumor cells, and neurons. For this reason, in this review article, we will inform the readers of the most recent evidence that supports the importance of targeting GRK5 to prevent the development or progression of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases.
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15
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Sun X, Zhou M, Wen G, Huang Y, Wu J, Peng L, Jiang W, Yuan H, Lu Y, Cai J. Paroxetine Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy Via Blocking GRK2 and ADRB1 Interaction in Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 10:e016364. [PMID: 33372534 PMCID: PMC7955481 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background ADRB1 (adrenergic receptor beta 1) responds to neuroendocrine stimulations, which have great implications in hypertension. GRK2 (G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2) is an essential regulator for many G protein‐coupled receptors and subsequent cell signaling cascades, but its role as a regulator of ADRB1 and associated cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension remains to be elucidated. Methods and Results In this study, we found the expressions of GRK2 and ADRB1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were positively associated with blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients and with their expression in heart. In vitro evidence showed a direct interaction in ADRB1 and GRK2 and genetic depletion of GRK2 blocks epinephrine‐induced upregulation of hypertrophic and fibrotic genes in cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, we discovered a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine specifically blockades GRK2 and ADRB1 interaction. In vivo, paroxetine treatment ameliorates hypertension‐induced cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and fibrosis in animal models. We found that paroxetine suppressed sympathetic overdrive and increased the adrenergic receptor sensitivity to catecholamines. Paroxetine treatment also blocks epinephrine‐induced upregulation of hypertrophic and fibrotic genes as well as ADRB1 internalization in cardiomyocytes. Coadministration of paroxetine further potentiates metoprolol‐induced reductions in blood pressure and heart rate, further attenuating cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Furthermore, in patients with hypertension accompanied with depression, we observed that cardiac remodeling was less severe in those with paroxetine treatment compared with those with other types of anti‐depressive agents. Conclusions Paroxetine promotes ADRB1 sensitivity and attenuates cardiac hypertrophy partially via blocking GRK2‐mediated ADRB1 activation and internalization in the context of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Sun
- Department of Cardiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Mengli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Gaiyan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy Zhejiang Hospital Hangzhou China
| | - Yun Huang
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital Ningbo China
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Cardiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Liping Peng
- Department of Cardiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Hong Yuan
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Yao Lu
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China.,The Center of Clinical Pharmacology The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
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16
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Sweeney M, Corden B, Cook SA. Targeting cardiac fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mirage or miracle? EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10865. [PMID: 32955172 PMCID: PMC7539225 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is central to the pathology of heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Irrespective of the underlying profibrotic condition (e.g. ageing, diabetes, hypertension), maladaptive cardiac fibrosis is defined by the transformation of resident fibroblasts to matrix-secreting myofibroblasts. Numerous profibrotic factors have been identified at the molecular level (e.g. TGFβ, IL11, AngII), which activate gene expression programs for myofibroblast activation. A number of existing HF therapies indirectly target fibrotic pathways; however, despite multiple clinical trials in HFpEF, a specific clinically effective antifibrotic therapy remains elusive. Therapeutic inhibition of TGFβ, the master-regulator of fibrosis, has unfortunately proven toxic and ineffective in clinical trials to date, and new approaches are needed. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and clinical implications of interstitial fibrosis in HFpEF. We provide an overview of trials targeting fibrosis in HFpEF to date and discuss the promise of potential new therapeutic approaches and targets in the context of underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sweeney
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- Wellcome Trust 4i/NIHR Clinical Research FellowImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Ben Corden
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
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17
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TRIF/miR-34a mediates aldosterone-induced cardiac inflammation and remodeling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1319-1331. [PMID: 32542395 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone, as a major product of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), determines multiple pathophysiological processes in cardiovascular diseases. The excess inflammatory response is one of the key profiles in aldosterone-mediated cardiac remodeling. However, the potential mechanisms of aldosterone/inflammatory signaling were still not fully disclosed. The present study aimed to investigate whether TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (Trif) participated in the aldosterone-induced cardiac remodeling, and to explore potential molecular mechanisms. Trif knockout mice and their littermates were osmotically administrated with aldosterone (50 μg/kg per day) for 21 and 42 days. The cardiac structural analysis, functional parameters, and mitochondrial function were measured. Aldosterone dose- or time-dependently increased the levels of TRIF in primary mouse cardiomyocytes or mouse heart tissues. Trif deficiency protected against aldosterone-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction. Moreover, Trif deficiency also suppressed aldosterone-induced cardiac inflammatory response and mitochondrial injuries. Mechanistically, overexpression of cardiac microRNAs (miR)-34a reversed the cardiac benefits of Trif deficiency in aldosterone-treated mice. Taken together, Trif/miR-34a axis could provide a novel molecular mechanism for explaining aldosterone-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and functional disorders.
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18
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Touyz RM, Rios FJ, Alves-Lopes R, Neves KB, Camargo LL, Montezano AC. Oxidative Stress: A Unifying Paradigm in Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:659-670. [PMID: 32389339 PMCID: PMC7225748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hypertension involves complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and pathophysiologic factors that influence many regulatory systems. Hypertension is characteristically associated with vascular dysfunction, cardiovascular remodelling, renal dysfunction, and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Emerging evidence indicates that the immune system is also important and that activated immune cells migrate and accumulate in tissues promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and target-organ damage. Common to these processes is oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants that leads to a disruption of oxidation-reduction (redox) signalling and control and molecular damage. Physiologically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signalling molecules and influence cell function through highly regulated redox-sensitive signal transduction. In hypertension, oxidative stress promotes posttranslational modification (oxidation and phosphorylation) of proteins and aberrant signalling with consequent cell and tissue damage. Many enzymatic systems generate ROS, but NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the major sources in cells of the heart, vessels, kidneys, and immune system. Expression and activity of Nox are increased in hypertension and are the major systems responsible for oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Here we provide a unifying concept where oxidative stress is a common mediator underlying pathophysiologic processes in hypertension. We focus on some novel concepts whereby ROS influence vascular function, aldosterone/mineralocorticoid actions, and immunoinflammation, all important processes contributing to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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19
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Hattori Y, Michel MC. Editorial: G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases (GRKs) and β-Arrestins: New Insights Into Disease Regulators. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1654. [PMID: 32047443 PMCID: PMC6997549 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hattori
- The Research Institute of Cancer Prevention, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Li CY, Yang P, Jiang YL, Lin Z, Pu YW, Xie LQ, Sun L, Lu D. Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury through mTOR signal pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109913. [PMID: 32006902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is known to play an effective protection on myocardial infarction, yet its therapeutic mechanism on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has remained obscure. Here we sought to investigate the protective mechanism of GRb1 preconditioning on myocardial I/R injury in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS We report here that GRb1 preconditioning could improve myocardial I/R injury induced-cardiac functions including LVDP, -dp/dt min and + dp/dt max; however, the heart rate (HR) was maintained at a level comparable to the I/R group. Additionally, in I/R injury group given GRb1 preconditioning, release of myocardial enzymes (CK-MB and Trop l) and CtsB was decreased. Moreover, GRb1 decreased the expression of apoptotic related proteins e.g. cleaved-caspase 3; however, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax related to anti-apoptosis was decreased. The study was extended by injecting rapamycin intraperitoneally before GRb1 pretreatment. Thus, mTOR pathway was significantly upregulated after GRb1 pretreatment when compared with I/R. Remarkably, the anti-apoptosis protection of GRb1 pretreatment was attenuated by rapamycin. Furthermore, GRb1 effectively reduced the infarct size thus supporting its role in anti-myocardial I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that GRb1 preconditioning can ameliorate myocardial I/R injury as manifested by the improvement of cardiac function indices; moreover, release of myocardial enzymes, namely, CK-MB, Trop l and CtsB was reduced. More importantly, we have shown that the protective effect of GRb1 against I/R injury induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is associated with the activation of mTOR signal pathway as evident by the use of rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yan Li
- Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China; Technology Transfer Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu-Wei Pu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Li-Qiu Xie
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China.
| | - Di Lu
- Technology Transfer Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
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Cannavo A, Marzano F, Elia A, Liccardo D, Bencivenga L, Gambino G, Perna C, Rapacciuolo A, Cittadini A, Ferrara N, Paolocci N, Koch WJ, Rengo G. Aldosterone Jeopardizes Myocardial Insulin and β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling via G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:888. [PMID: 31447681 PMCID: PMC6695474 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperaldosteronism alters cardiac function, inducing adverse left ventricle (LV) remodeling either via increased fibrosis deposition, mitochondrial dysfunction, or both. These harmful effects are due, at least in part, to the activation of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2). In this context, we have previously reported that this kinase dysregulates both β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) and insulin (Ins) signaling. Yet, whether aldosterone modulates cardiac Ins sensitivity and βAR function remains untested. Nor is it clear whether GRK2 has a role in this modulation, downstream of aldosterone. Here, we show in vitro, in 3T3 cells, that aldosterone impaired insulin signaling, increasing the negative phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (ser307pIRS1) and reducing the activity of Akt. Similarly, aldosterone prevented the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the production of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) in response to the β1/β2AR agonist, isoproterenol. Of note, all of these effects were sizably reduced in the presence of GRK2-inhibitor CMPD101. Next, in wild-type (WT) mice undergoing chronic infusion of aldosterone, we observed a marked GRK2 upregulation that was paralleled by a substantial β1AR downregulation and augmented ser307pIRS1 levels. Importantly, in keeping with the current in vitro data, we found that aldosterone effects were wholly abolished in cardiac-specific GRK2-knockout mice. Finally, in WT mice that underwent 4-week myocardial infarction (MI), we observed a substantial deterioration of cardiac function and increased LV dilation and fibrosis deposition. At the molecular level, these effects were associated with a significant upregulation of cardiac GRK2 protein expression, along with a marked β1AR downregulation and increased ser307pIRS1 levels. Treating MI mice with spironolactone prevented adverse aldosterone effects, blocking GRK2 upregulation, and thus leading to a marked reduction in cardiac ser307pIRS1 levels while rescuing β1AR expression. Our study reveals that GRK2 activity is a critical player downstream of the aldosterone signaling pathway; therefore, inhibiting this kinase is an attractive strategy to prevent the cardiac structural disarray and dysfunction that accompany any clinical condition accompanied by hyperaldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Federica Marzano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Elia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Perna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Rapacciuolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri S.p.A. IRCCS Istituto Scientifico di Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri S.p.A. IRCCS Istituto Scientifico di Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
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Frustaci A, Letizia C, Verardo R, Grande C, Francone M, Sansone L, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Primary aldosteronism-associated cardiomyopathy: Clinical-pathologic impact of aldosterone normalization. Int J Cardiol 2019; 292:141-147. [PMID: 31256994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary aldosteronism (PA) causes a cardiomyopathy (CM) which substrate and evolution after aldosterone normalization are unreported. METHODS Four male patients with aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma and cardiomyopathy (PACM, group A) were evaluated with 2D-echo, Magnetic Resonance (CMR), coronary angiography and left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. Biopsy samples were processed for histology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and Western Blot analysis of myocardial aldosterone receptors and aquaporin 1 and 4. Results were compared with endomyocardial samples from 5 patients with hypertensive cardiomyopathy of equivalent severity and normal plasma aldosterone (group B) and surgical samples from 5 controls (group C). One PACM patient was re-examined with CMR and endomyocardial biopsy 12 months after adrenalectomy with aldosterone and cardiac normalization. RESULTS Coronary arteries were normal in all. Group A showed prominent myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, with water accumulation in the cytosol and organelles of cardiomyocytes and microvascular smooth muscle cells, associated to reduced myofibril concentration and 2.8-fold increase in myocardial aldosterone receptors and aquaporin 1. At CMR, LGE areas were diffusely present. After aldosterone normalization, cardiomyocyte diameter reduced with disappearance of intracellular vacuoles, recovery of electron-density of cytosol and cell organelles, and myofibrillar content, persisting fibrosis and down-regulation of aldosterone receptors and aquaporin 1 channels. At CMR, myocardial mass reduced with recovery of cardiac contractility. LGE signal remained unchanged. CONCLUSION PACM is a reversible entity characterized by over-expression of aldosterone receptors and aquaporin 1. It induces a reversible intracellular water overloading causing impaired cardiomyocyte relaxation, contraction and ultrastructural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Letizia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Center for Secondary Hypertension, La Sapienza University, Italy
| | - Romina Verardo
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Grande
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Francone
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Sansone
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Lab, IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Lab, IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy; MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University, Italy; Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Lab, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
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Liu GZ, Zhang S, Li YY, Liu YW, Zhang Y, Zhao XB, Yuan Y, Zhang JW, Khannanova Z, Li Y. Aldosterone stimulation mediates cardiac metabolism remodeling via Sirt1/AMPK signaling in canine model. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:851-863. [PMID: 30852656 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone (Aldo), a pivotal hormone that is ubiquitously expressed in systemic tissues of mammals, is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of cardiac disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that disturbances in cell energy metabolism are involved in increasing aldosterone levels. However, the precise mechanism underlying the impact of cardiac metabolic remodeling underlying aldosterone stimulation remains limited. In this work, we evaluated the underlying effect of aldosterone on regulating cardiac metabolism remodeling in a canine model. Fifteen beagle dogs were divided into a control group (n = 5), Aldo group (n = 5), and a group treated with spironolactone (SP), a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (n = 5), for 4 weeks. Blood pressure, electrocardiogram and respiratory parameters, H&E, Masson staining, ultrastructural changes, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels of ventricular tissues, the level of mRNA, and the protein expression of key metabolic factors and regulators were assessed. The Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway was significantly inhibited in the canine model of aldosterone stimulation, resulting in a reduction of the key downstream metabolic factors involved in glucose and fatty acid oxidation. The dysregulation of expression of key factors in glycogen metabolism led to glycogen deposition, an increase in FFA levels, a reduction in ATP levels, apoptosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mitochondrial damage in the ventricular myocardium. These effects were significantly restored by spironolactone. Aldosterone stimulation induced cardiac metabolic remodeling in ventricular cardiomyocytes possibly through the Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway, implying that this pathway may provide a novel therapeutic target for cardiac metabolic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yong-Wu Liu
- Centre for Drug Safety Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Bo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zulfiia Khannanova
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23#, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Diseases and Heart Failure, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Lieu M, Koch WJ. GRK2 and GRK5 as therapeutic targets and their role in maladaptive and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:201-214. [PMID: 30701991 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1575363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One in every four deaths in the United States is attributed to cardiovascular disease, hence the development and employment of novel and effective therapeutics are necessary to improve the quality of life and survival of affected patient. Pathological hypertrophy is a maladaptive response by the heart to relieve wall stress that could result from cardiovascular disease. Maladaptive hypertrophy can lead to further disease progression and complications such as heart failure; hence, efforts to target hypertrophy to prevent and treat further morbidity and mortality are necessary. Areas covered: This review summarizes the compelling literature that describes the mechanistic role of GRK2 and GRK5 in maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy; it examines the approaches to inhibit these kinases in hypertrophic animal models and furthermore, it assesses the potential of GRK2 and GRK5 as therapeutic targets for hypertrophy. Expert opinion: GRK2 and GRK5 are novel therapeutic targets for pathological hypertrophy and may have added benefits of ameliorating morbidity and mortality. Despite the lesser researched role of GRK2 in cardiac hypertrophy, it may be the advantageous strategy for treating cardiac hypertrophy because of its role in other maladaptive pathways. Anti-GRK2 therapy optimization and the discovery and development of specific GRK2 and GRK5 small-molecule inhibitors is necessary for the eventual application of successful, effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lieu
- a Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- a Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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26
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Parker BM, Wertz SL, Pollard CM, Desimine VL, Maning J, McCrink KA, Lymperopoulos A. Novel Insights into the Crosstalk between Mineralocorticoid Receptor and G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Heart Adverse Remodeling and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123764. [PMID: 30486399 PMCID: PMC6320977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium homeostasis but also adversely modulates the maladaptive process of cardiac adverse remodeling post-myocardial infarction. Through activation of its mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a classic steroid hormone receptor/transcription factor, aldosterone promotes inflammation and fibrosis of the heart, the vasculature, and the kidneys. This is why MR antagonists reduce morbidity and mortality of heart disease patients and are part of the mainstay pharmacotherapy of advanced human heart failure. A plethora of animal studies using cell type⁻specific targeting of the MR gene have established the importance of MR signaling and function in cardiac myocytes, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, renal cells, and macrophages. In terms of its signaling properties, the MR is distinct from nuclear receptors in that it has, in reality, two physiological hormonal agonists: not only aldosterone but also cortisol. In fact, in several tissues, including in the myocardium, cortisol is the primary hormone activating the MR. There is a considerable amount of evidence indicating that the effects of the MR in each tissue expressing it depend on tissue- and ligand-specific engagement of molecular co-regulators that either activate or suppress its transcriptional activity. Identification of these co-regulators for every ligand that interacts with the MR in the heart (and in other tissues) is of utmost importance therapeutically, since it can not only help elucidate fully the pathophysiological ramifications of the cardiac MR's actions, but also help design and develop novel better MR antagonist drugs for heart disease therapy. Among the various proteins the MR interacts with are molecules involved in cardiac G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. This results in a significant amount of crosstalk between GPCRs and the MR, which can affect the latter's activity dramatically in the heart and in other cardiovascular tissues. This review summarizes the current experimental evidence for this GPCR-MR crosstalk in the heart and discusses its pathophysiological implications for cardiac adverse remodeling as well as for heart disease therapy. Novel findings revealing non-conventional roles of GPCR signaling molecules, specifically of GPCR-kinase (GRK)-5, in cardiac MR regulation are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Parker
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Shelby L Wertz
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Celina M Pollard
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Victoria L Desimine
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Jennifer Maning
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
- Present address: Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Katie A McCrink
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
- Present address: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacology), College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptor System in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1204598. [PMID: 30327709 PMCID: PMC6169243 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1204598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone (Aldo) has been intensively studied for its ability to influence both the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. Indeed, although research on Aldo actions for decades has mainly focused on its effects in the kidney, several lines of evidence have now demonstrated that this hormone exerts disparate extrarenal adverse effects, especially in the circulatory system. Accordingly, in the last lusters, a number of studies in preclinical models (in vitro and in vivo) and in humans have established that Aldo, following the interaction with its receptor-the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-is able to activate specific intracellular genomic and nongenomic pathways, thus regulating the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Importantly, through this mechanism of action, this hormone becomes a crucial regulator of the function and growth of different types of cells, including fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and vascular cells. For this main reason, it is plausible that when Aldo is present at high levels in the blood, it profoundly modifies the physiology of these cells, therefore being at the foundation of several cardiovascular disorders, such as heart failure (HF). On these grounds, in this review, we will provide an updated account on the current knowledge concerning Aldo activity in the cardiovascular system and the most recent preclinical studies and clinical trials designed to test better approaches able to counter the hyperactivity of the Aldo/MR signaling pathway in the setting of cardiovascular diseases.
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are classically known for their role in regulating the activity of the largest known class of membrane receptors, which influence diverse biological processes in every cell type in the human body. As researchers have tried to uncover how this family of kinases, containing only 7 members, achieves selective and coordinated control of receptors, they have uncovered a growing number of noncanonical activities for these kinases. These activities include phosphorylation of nonreceptor targets and kinase-independent molecular interactions. In particular, GRK2, GRK3, and GRK5 are the predominant members expressed in the heart. Their canonical and noncanonical actions within cardiac and other tissues have significant implications for cardiovascular function in healthy animals and for the development and progression of disease. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the activity of these kinases, and particularly the role of GRK2 and GRK5 in the molecular alterations that occur during heart failure. This review further highlights areas of GRK regulation that remain poorly understood and how they may represent novel targets for therapeutic development.
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Zhang K, Chen J, Zhang D, Wang L, Zhao W, Lin DYT, Chen R, Xie H, Hu X, Fang X, Fu Q. microRNA expression profiles of scar and normal tissue from patients with posterior urethral stricture caused by pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2733-2743. [PMID: 29436608 PMCID: PMC5846665 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect (PFUDD) seriously affects the quality of life of patients. At present, there are few effective drug treatments available for PFUDD-induced urethral stricture, which is associated with fibrosis and scar formation in urethra lumen. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may be involved in the regulation of fibrosis, and analysis of miRNA expression profiles in urethral scar and normal urethra tissues may therefore benefit the discovery of novel treatments for urethral stricture with micro invasive procedures. In the present study, miRNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) validation using paired scar and normal tissues from patients with PFUDD, and functional analysis of the miRNAs involved in the fibrosis associated signaling pathway was performed. A total of 94 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the scar tissue of patients with PFUDD. Among them, 26 miRNAs had significantly altered expression in the scar tissue compared with the normal tissue from the same patient. qPCR validation confirmed that miR-129-5p was overexpressed in scar tissue. The TGF-β pathway-associated functions of a total of 5 miRNAs (hsa-miR-129-5p, hsa-miR-135a-5p, hsa-miR-363-3p, hsa-miR-6720-3p and hsa-miR-9-5p) were further analyzed, as well as their key molecular targets and functional mechanisms in signaling regulation. To conclude the miRNA sequencing indicated a significantly altered expression of hsa-miR-129-5p, hsa-miR-135a-5p, hsa-miR-363-3p, hsa-miR-6720-3p and hsa-miR-9-5p in patients with PFUDD. These miRNAs and their potential target genes were associated with fibrosis in several diseases, and the data from the present study may help explore potential miRNA targets for future precision treatments for urethral stricture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaile Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Weixin Zhao
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston‑Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - Rong Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | | | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Nogués L, Palacios-García J, Reglero C, Rivas V, Neves M, Ribas C, Penela P, Mayor F. G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) in tumorigenesis and cancer progression: GPCR regulators and signaling hubs. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 48:78-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) as an integrative signalling node in the regulation of cardiovascular function and metabolic homeostasis. Cell Signal 2018; 41:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Cannavo A, Komici K, Bencivenga L, D'amico ML, Gambino G, Liccardo D, Ferrara N, Rengo G. GRK2 as a therapeutic target for heart failure. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 22:75-83. [PMID: 29166798 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1406925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase-2 (GRK2) is a regulator of GPCRs, in particular β-adrenergic receptors (ARs), and as demonstrated by decades of investigation, it has a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, like heart failure (HF). Indeed elevated levels and activity of this kinase are able to promote the dysfunction of both cardiac and adrenal α- and β-ARs and to dysregulate other protective signaling pathway, such as sphingosine 1-phospate and insulin. Moreover, recent discoveries suggest that GRK2 can signal independently from GPCRs, in a 'non-canonical' manner, via interaction with non-GPCR molecule or via its mitochondrial localization. Areas covered: Based on this premise, GRK2 inhibition or its genetic deletion has been tested in several disparate animal models of cardiovascular disease, showing to protect the heart from adverse remodeling and dysfunction. Expert opinion: HF is one of the leading cause of death worldwide with enormous health care costs. For this reason, the identification of new therapeutic targets like GRK2 and strategies such as its inhibition represents a new hope in the fight against HF development and progression. Herein, we will update the readers about the 'state-of-art' of GRK2 inhibition as a potent therapeutic strategy in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- a Center for Translational Medicine , Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Klara Komici
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Loreta D'amico
- c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy.,c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- b Dpt Translational Medical Sciences , Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy.,c Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit , Telese Terme Institute , Benevento , Italy
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Blaustein MP. How does pressure overload cause cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction? High-ouabain affinity cardiac Na + pumps are crucial. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H919-H930. [PMID: 28733446 PMCID: PMC5792198 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00131.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy is frequently observed in hypertensive patients and is believed to be due to the pressure overload and cardiomyocyte stretch. Three recent reports on mice with genetically engineered Na+ pumps, however, have demonstrated that cardiac ouabain-sensitive α2-Na+ pumps play a key role in the pathogenesis of transaortic constriction-induced hypertrophy. Hypertrophy was delayed/attenuated in mice with mutant, ouabain-resistant α2-Na+ pumps and in mice with cardiac-selective knockout or transgenic overexpression of α2-Na+ pumps. The latter, seemingly paradoxical, findings can be explained by comparing the numbers of available (ouabain-free) high-affinity (α2) ouabain-binding sites in wild-type, knockout, and transgenic hearts. Conversely, hypertrophy was accelerated in α2-ouabain-resistant (R) mice in which the normally ouabain-resistant α1-Na+ pumps were mutated to an ouabain-sensitive (S) form (α1S/Sα2R/R or "SWAP" vs. wild-type or α1R/R α2S/S mice). Furthermore, transaortic constriction-induced hypertrophy in SWAP mice was prevented/reversed by immunoneutralizing circulating endogenous ouabain (EO). These findings show that EO and its receptor, ouabain-sensitive α2, are critical factors in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. This complements reports linking elevated plasma EO to hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and failure in humans and elucidates the underappreciated role of the EO-Na+ pump pathway in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mordecai P. Blaustein
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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34
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Duran J, Lagos D, Pavez M, Troncoso MF, Ramos S, Barrientos G, Ibarra C, Lavandero S, Estrada M. Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II and Androgen Signaling Pathways Modulate MEF2 Activity in Testosterone-Induced Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:604. [PMID: 28955223 PMCID: PMC5601904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone is known to induce cardiac hypertrophy through androgen receptor (AR)-dependent and -independent pathways, but the molecular underpinnings of the androgen action remain poorly understood. Previous work has shown that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and myocyte-enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) play key roles in promoting cardiac myocyte growth. In order to gain mechanistic insights into the action of androgens on the heart, we investigated how testosterone affects CaMKII and MEF2 in cardiac myocyte hypertrophy by performing studies on cultured rat cardiac myocytes and hearts obtained from adult male orchiectomized (ORX) rats. In cardiac myocytes, MEF2 activity was monitored using a luciferase reporter plasmid, and the effects of CaMKII and AR signaling pathways on MEF2C were examined by using siRNAs and pharmacological inhibitors targeting these two pathways. In the in vivo studies, ORX rats were randomly assigned to groups that were administered vehicle or testosterone (125 mg⋅kg-1⋅week-1) for 5 weeks, and plasma testosterone concentrations were determined using ELISA. Cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by measuring well-characterized hypertrophy markers. Moreover, western blotting was used to assess CaMKII and phospholamban (PLN) phosphorylation, and MEF2C and AR protein levels in extracts of left-ventricle tissue from control and testosterone-treated ORX rats. Whereas testosterone treatment increased the phosphorylation levels of CaMKII (Thr286) and phospholambam (PLN) (Thr17) in cardiac myocytes in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, testosterone-induced MEF2 activity and cardiac myocyte hypertrophy were prevented upon inhibition of CaMKII, MEF2C, and AR signaling pathways. Notably, in the hypertrophied hearts obtained from testosterone-administered ORX rats, both CaMKII and PLN phosphorylation levels and AR and MEF2 protein levels were increased. Thus, this study presents the first evidence indicating that testosterone activates MEF2 through CaMKII and AR signaling. Our findings suggest that an orchestrated mechanism of action involving signal transduction and transcription pathways underlies testosterone-induced cardiac myocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Duran
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Lagos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Mario Pavez
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Mayarling F Troncoso
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Ramos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Genaro Barrientos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Ibarra
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, DallasTX, United States
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
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35
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Cannavo A, Liccardo D, Komici K, Corbi G, de Lucia C, Femminella GD, Elia A, Bencivenga L, Ferrara N, Koch WJ, Paolocci N, Rengo G. Sphingosine Kinases and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors: Signaling and Actions in the Cardiovascular System. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:556. [PMID: 28878674 PMCID: PMC5572949 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SphK1 and 2) catalyze the phosphorylation of the lipid, sphingosine, generating the signal transmitter, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The activation of such kinases and the subsequent S1P generation and secretion in the blood serum of mammals represent a major checkpoint in many cellular signaling cascades. In fact, activating the SphK/S1P system is critical for cell motility and proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, cell growth, survival, and response to stress. In the cardiovascular system, the physiological effects of S1P intervene through the binding and activation of a family of five highly selective G protein-coupled receptors, called S1PR1-5. Importantly, SphK/S1P signal is present on both vascular and myocardial cells. S1P is a well-recognized survival factor in many tissues. Therefore, it is not surprising that the last two decades have seen a flourishing of interest and investigative efforts directed to obtain additional mechanistic insights into the signaling, as well as the biological activity of this phospholipid, and of its receptors, especially in the cardiovascular system. Here, we will provide an up-to-date account on the structure and function of sphingosine kinases, discussing the generation, release, and function of S1P. Keeping the bull's eye on the cardiovascular system, we will review the structure and signaling cascades and biological actions emanating from the stimulation of different S1P receptors. We will end this article with a summary of the most recent, experimental and clinical observations targeting S1PRs and SphKs as possible new therapeutic avenues for cardiovascular disorders, such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, PhiladelphiaPA, United States.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, PhiladelphiaPA, United States.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Klara Komici
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of MoliseCampobasso, Italy
| | - Claudio de Lucia
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, PhiladelphiaPA, United States
| | | | - Andrea Elia
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Telese Terme Institute (BN)Telese, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Telese Terme Institute (BN)Telese, Italy
| | - Walter J Koch
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, PhiladelphiaPA, United States
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, BaltimoreMD, United States.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Telese Terme Institute (BN)Telese, Italy
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36
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Cannavo A, Rengo G, Liccardo D, Pun A, Gao E, George AJ, Gambino G, Rapacciuolo A, Leosco D, Ibanez B, Ferrara N, Paolocci N, Koch WJ. β 1-Blockade Prevents Post-Ischemic Myocardial Decompensation Via β 3AR-Dependent Protective Sphingosine-1 Phosphate Signaling. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:182-192. [PMID: 28683966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although β-blockers increase survival in patients with heart failure (HF), the mechanisms behind this protection are not fully understood, and not all patients with HF respond favorably to them. We recently showed that, in cardiomyocytes, a reciprocal down-regulation occurs between β1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) and the cardioprotective sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor-1 (S1PR1). OBJECTIVES The authors hypothesized that, in addition to salutary actions due to direct β1AR-blockade, agents such as metoprolol (Meto) may improve post-myocardial infarction (MI) structural and functional outcomes via restored S1PR1 signaling, and sought to determine mechanisms accounting for this effect. METHODS We tested the in vitro effects of Meto in HEK293 cells and in ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal rats. In vivo, we assessed the effects of Meto in MI wild-type and β3AR knockout mice. RESULTS Here we report that, in vitro, Meto prevents catecholamine-induced down-regulation of S1PR1, a major cardiac protective signaling pathway. In vivo, we show that Meto arrests post-MI HF progression in mice as much as chronic S1P treatment. Importantly, human HF subjects receiving β1AR-blockers display elevated circulating S1P levels, confirming that Meto promotes S1P secretion/signaling. Mechanistically, we found that Meto-induced S1P secretion is β3AR-dependent because Meto infusion in β3AR knockout mice does not elevate circulating S1P levels, nor does it ameliorate post-MI dysfunction, as in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized mechanism by which β1-blockers prevent HF progression in patients with ischemia, suggesting that β3AR dysfunction may account for limited/null efficacy in β1AR-blocker-insensitive HF subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Telese Terme Institute, Telese Terme (BN), Italy.
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andres Pun
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ehre Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alvin J George
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Rapacciuolo
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Leosco
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madid, Spain; CIBER de enfermedades cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Telese Terme Institute, Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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37
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Yang X, Yang R, Li X, Zheng X. Danshensu attenuates aldosterone-induced cardiomyocytes injury through interfering p53 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4994-5000. [PMID: 28765913 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure, characterized by impaired systolic and/or diastolic function, is a common cardiovascular disease. The loss of cardiomyocytes due to various factors, including through necrosis or apoptosis can result in heart failure. Previous studies have indicated that excessive aldosterone (ALD) serves an essential role in the process of heart failure, and the heart is also one of the direct targets of ALD, which can provoke hypertrophy and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of danshensu (DSS) on ALD‑induced cardiomyocytes injury. The present results demonstrated that DSS increased cell viability and decreased the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase in cardiomyocytes exposed to ALD. In addition, DSS decreased the apoptotic rate of ALD‑stimulated cells. Further research indicated that DSS‑ and cellular tumor antigen p53 (p53)‑alone or combination treatment was able to decrease the expression levels of apoptosis regulator BAX and caspase‑3, and increase the expression of apoptosis regulator B‑cell lymphoma (Bcl)‑2 in ALD‑stimulated cardiomyocytes. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that DSS inhibits the harmful effects of ALD on cardiomyocytes via interfering with the p53 signaling pathway. These results provide novel evidence for the potential protective effects of DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Anyang District Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Anyang District Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Xianli Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Anyang District Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Anyang District Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
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38
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Ruhs S, Nolze A, Hübschmann R, Grossmann C. 30 YEARS OF THE MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR: Nongenomic effects via the mineralocorticoid receptor. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:T107-T124. [PMID: 28348113 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) belongs to the steroid hormone receptor family and classically functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. It is involved in water-electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure regulation but independent from these effects also furthers inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy and remodeling in cardiovascular tissues. Next to genomic effects, aldosterone elicits very rapid actions within minutes that do not require transcription or translation and that occur not only in classical MR epithelial target organs like kidney and colon but also in nonepithelial tissues like heart, vasculature and adipose tissue. Most of these effects can be mediated by classical MR and its crosstalk with different signaling cascades. Near the plasma membrane, the MR seems to be associated with caveolin and striatin as well as with receptor tyrosine kinases like EGFR, PDGFR and IGF1R and G protein-coupled receptors like AT1 and GPER1, which then mediate nongenomic aldosterone effects. GPER1 has also been named a putative novel MR. There is a close interaction and functional synergism between the genomic and the nongenomic signaling so that nongenomic signaling can lead to long-term effects and support genomic actions. Therefore, understanding nongenomic aldosterone/MR effects is of potential relevance for modulating genomic aldosterone effects and may provide additional targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ruhs
- Julius Bernstein Institute of PhysiologyMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Nolze
- Julius Bernstein Institute of PhysiologyMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ralf Hübschmann
- Julius Bernstein Institute of PhysiologyMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Grossmann
- Julius Bernstein Institute of PhysiologyMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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39
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Cannavo A, Koch WJ. GRK2 as negative modulator of NO bioavailability: Implications for cardiovascular disease. Cell Signal 2017; 41:33-40. [PMID: 28077324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), initially identified as endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), is a gaso-transmitter with important regulatory roles in the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems. In the former, this diatomic molecule and free radical gas controls vascular tone and cardiac mechanics, among others. In the cardiovascular system, it is now understood that β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation is a key modulator of NO generation. Therefore, it is not surprising that the up-regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), in particular GRK2, that restrains βAR activity contributes to impaired cardiovascular functions via alteration of NO bioavailability. This review, will explore the specific interrelation between βARs, GRK2 and NO in the cardiovascular system and their inter-relationship for the pathogenesis of the onset of disease. Last, we will update the readers on the current status of GRK2 inhibitors as a potential therapeutic strategy for heart failure with an emphasis on their ability of rescuing NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
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40
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Cannavo A, Liccardo D, Komici K, Corbi G, de Lucia C, Femminella GD, Elia A, Bencivenga L, Ferrara N, Koch WJ, Paolocci N, Rengo G. Sphingosine Kinases and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors: Signaling and Actions in the Cardiovascular System. Front Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28878674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SphK1 and 2) catalyze the phosphorylation of the lipid, sphingosine, generating the signal transmitter, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The activation of such kinases and the subsequent S1P generation and secretion in the blood serum of mammals represent a major checkpoint in many cellular signaling cascades. In fact, activating the SphK/S1P system is critical for cell motility and proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, cell growth, survival, and response to stress. In the cardiovascular system, the physiological effects of S1P intervene through the binding and activation of a family of five highly selective G protein-coupled receptors, called S1PR1-5. Importantly, SphK/S1P signal is present on both vascular and myocardial cells. S1P is a well-recognized survival factor in many tissues. Therefore, it is not surprising that the last two decades have seen a flourishing of interest and investigative efforts directed to obtain additional mechanistic insights into the signaling, as well as the biological activity of this phospholipid, and of its receptors, especially in the cardiovascular system. Here, we will provide an up-to-date account on the structure and function of sphingosine kinases, discussing the generation, release, and function of S1P. Keeping the bull's eye on the cardiovascular system, we will review the structure and signaling cascades and biological actions emanating from the stimulation of different S1P receptors. We will end this article with a summary of the most recent, experimental and clinical observations targeting S1PRs and SphKs as possible new therapeutic avenues for cardiovascular disorders, such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, PhiladelphiaPA, United States
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, PhiladelphiaPA, United States
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Klara Komici
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of MoliseCampobasso, Italy
| | - Claudio de Lucia
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, PhiladelphiaPA, United States
| | | | - Andrea Elia
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Telese Terme Institute (BN)Telese, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Telese Terme Institute (BN)Telese, Italy
| | - Walter J Koch
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, PhiladelphiaPA, United States
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, BaltimoreMD, United States
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Telese Terme Institute (BN)Telese, Italy
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41
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Ong GSY, Young MJ. Mineralocorticoid regulation of cell function: the role of rapid signalling and gene transcription pathways. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R33-R57. [PMID: 27821439 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and mineralocorticoids regulate epithelial handling of electrolytes, and induces diverse effects on other tissues. Traditionally, the effects of MR were ascribed to ligand-receptor binding and activation of gene transcription. However, the MR also utilises a number of intracellular signalling cascades, often by transactivating unrelated receptors, to change cell function more rapidly. Although aldosterone is the physiological mineralocorticoid, it is not the sole ligand for MR. Tissue-selective and mineralocorticoid-specific effects are conferred through the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, cellular redox status and properties of the MR itself. Furthermore, not all aldosterone effects are mediated via MR, with implication of the involvement of other membrane-bound receptors such as GPER. This review will describe the ligands, receptors and intracellular mechanisms available for mineralocorticoid hormone and receptor signalling and illustrate their complex interactions in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Y Ong
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology LaboratoryCentre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of MedicineSchool of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology LaboratoryCentre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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42
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Nogués L, Reglero C, Rivas V, Neves M, Penela P, Mayor F. G-Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 as a Potential Modulator of the Hallmarks of Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 91:220-228. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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43
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Hullmann J, Traynham CJ, Coleman RC, Koch WJ. The expanding GRK interactome: Implications in cardiovascular disease and potential for therapeutic development. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:52-64. [PMID: 27180008 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global epidemic with the highest degree of mortality and morbidity of any disease presently studied. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are prominent regulators of cardiovascular function. Activated GPCRs are "turned off" by GPCR kinases (GRKs) in a process known as "desensitization". GRKs 2 and 5 are highly expressed in the heart, and known to be upregulated in HF. Over the last 20 years, both GRK2 and GRK5 have been demonstrated to be critical mediators of the molecular alterations that occur in the failing heart. In the present review, we will highlight recent findings that further characterize "non-canonical" GRK signaling observed in HF. Further, we will also present potential therapeutic strategies (i.e. small molecule inhibition, microRNAs, gene therapy) that may have potential in combating the deleterious effects of GRKs in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J Traynham
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Ryan C Coleman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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