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Meskine O, Descamps E, Keller A, Lemaître A, Baboux F, Ducci S, Milman P. Approaching Maximal Precision of Hong-Ou-Mandel Interferometry with Nonperfect Visibility. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:193603. [PMID: 38804918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.193603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In quantum mechanics, the precision achieved in parameter estimation using a quantum state as a probe is determined by the measurement strategy employed. The quantum limit of precision is bounded by a value set by the state and its dynamics. Theoretical results have revealed that in interference measurements with two possible outcomes, this limit can be reached under ideal conditions of perfect visibility and zero losses. However, in practice, these conditions cannot be achieved, so precision never reaches the quantum limit. But how do experimental setups approach precision limits under realistic circumstances? In this Letter, we provide a model for precision limits in two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry using coincidence statistics for nonperfect visibility and temporally unresolved measurements. We show that the scaling of precision with visibility depends on the effective area in time-frequency phase space occupied by the state used as a probe, and we find that an optimal scaling exists. We demonstrate our results experimentally for different states in a setup where the visibility can be controlled and reaches up to 99.5%. In the optimal scenario, a ratio of 0.97 is observed between the experimental precision and the quantum limit, establishing a new benchmark in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Meskine
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
| | - E Descamps
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
- Département de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL, 45 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - A Keller
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
- Department de Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Univ. Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - F Baboux
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Ducci
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
| | - P Milman
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
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Go BY, Lee C, Lee KG. Theoretical studies on quantum imaging with time-integrated single-photon detection under realistic experimental conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5338. [PMID: 35351945 PMCID: PMC8964742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We study a quantum-enhanced differential measurement scheme that uses quantum probes and single-photon detectors to measure a minute defect in the absorption parameter of an analyte under investigation. For the purpose, we consider two typical non-classical states of light as a probe, a twin-Fock state and a two-mode squeezed vacuum state. Their signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) that quantifies the capability of detecting the defect are compared with a corresponding classical imaging scheme that employs a coherent state input. A quantitative comparison is made in terms of typical system imperfections such as photon loss and background noise that are common in practice. It is shown that a quantum enhancement in SNR can be described generally by the Mandel Q-parameter and the noise-reduction-factor, which characterize an input state that is incident to the analyte. We thereby identify the conditions under which the quantum enhancement remains and can be further increased. We expect our study to provide a guideline for improving the SNR in quantum imaging experiments employing a differential measurement scheme with time-integrated single-photon detectors.
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Krueper G, Yu C, Libby SB, Mellors R, Cohen L, Gopinath JT. Realistic model of entanglement-enhanced sensing in optical fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8652-8666. [PMID: 35299312 DOI: 10.1364/oe.451058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Experimental limitations such as optical loss and noise have prevented entanglement-enhanced measurements from demonstrating a significant quantum advantage in sensitivity. Holland-Burnett entangled states can mitigate these limitations and still present a quantum advantage in sensitivity. Here we model a fiber-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer with internal loss, detector efficiency, and external phase noise and without pure entanglement. This model features a practical fiber source that transforms the two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) into Holland-Burnett entangled states. We predict that a phase sensitivity 28% beyond the shot noise limit is feasible with current technology. Simultaneously, a TMSV source can provide about 25 times more photon flux than other entangled sources. This system will make fiber-based quantum-enhanced sensing accessible and practical for remote sensing and probing photosensitive materials.
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Hong S, Ur Rehman J, Kim YS, Cho YW, Lee SW, Jung H, Moon S, Han SW, Lim HT. Quantum enhanced multiple-phase estimation with multi-mode N00N states. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5211. [PMID: 34471118 PMCID: PMC8410777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum metrology can achieve enhanced sensitivity for estimating unknown parameters beyond the standard quantum limit. Recently, multiple-phase estimation exploiting quantum resources has attracted intensive interest for its applications in quantum imaging and sensor networks. For multiple-phase estimation, the amount of enhanced sensitivity is dependent on quantum probe states, and multi-mode N00N states are known to be a key resource for this. However, its experimental demonstration has been missing so far since generating such states is highly challenging. Here, we report generation of multi-mode N00N states and experimental demonstration of quantum enhanced multiple-phase estimation using the multi-mode N00N states. In particular, we show that the quantum Cramer-Rao bound can be saturated using our two-photon four-mode N00N state and measurement scheme using a 4 × 4 multi-mode beam splitter. Our multiple-phase estimation strategy provides a faithful platform to investigate multiple parameter estimation scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjin Hong
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Junaid Ur Rehman
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yong-Su Kim
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Wook Cho
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Hojoong Jung
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Moon
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Han
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyang-Tag Lim
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea.
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.
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Lipka M, Parniak M. Fast imaging of multimode transverse-spectral correlations for twin photons. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3009-3012. [PMID: 34197366 DOI: 10.1364/ol.417658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperentangled photonic states-exhibiting nonclassical correlations in several degrees of freedom-offer improved performance of quantum optical communication and computation schemes. Experimentally, a hyperentanglement of transverse-wave-vector and spectral modes can be obtained in a straightforward way with multimode parametric single-photon sources. Nevertheless, experimental characterization of such states remains challenging. Not only single-photon detection with high spatial resolution-a single-photon camera-is required, but also a suitable mode converter to observe the spectral-temporal degree of freedom. We experimentally demonstrate a measurement of full four-dimensional transverse-wave-vector-spectral correlations between pairs of photons produced in noncollinear spontaneous parametric downconversion. Utilization of a custom ultrafast single-photon camera provides high resolution and a short measurement time.
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Gietka K, Mivehvar F, Ritsch H. Supersolid-Based Gravimeter in a Ring Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:190801. [PMID: 31144935 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.190801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel type of composite light-matter interferometer based on a supersolidlike phase of a driven Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to a pair of degenerate counterpropagating electromagnetic modes of an optical ring cavity. The supersolidlike condensate under the influence of the gravity drags the cavity optical potential with itself, thereby changing the relative phase of the two cavity electromagnetic fields. Monitoring the phase evolution of the cavity output fields thus allows for a nondestructive measurement of the gravitational acceleration. We show that the sensitivity of the proposed gravimeter exhibits Heisenberg-like scaling with respect to the atom number. As the relative phase of the cavity fields is insensitive to photon losses, the gravimeter is robust against these deleterious effects. For state-of-the-art experimental parameters, the relative sensitivity Δg/g of such a gravimeter could be of the order of 10^{-10}-10^{-8} for a condensate of a half a million atoms and interrogation time of the order of a few seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Gietka
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Farokh Mivehvar
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Ritsch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Parniak M, Borówka S, Boroszko K, Wasilewski W, Banaszek K, Demkowicz-Dobrzański R. Beating the Rayleigh Limit Using Two-Photon Interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:250503. [PMID: 30608849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.250503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiparameter estimation theory offers a general framework to explore imaging techniques beyond the Rayleigh limit. While optimal measurements of single parameters characterizing a composite light source are now well understood, simultaneous determination of multiple parameters poses a much greater challenge that in general requires implementation of collective measurements. Here we show, theoretically and experimentally, that Hong-Ou-Mandel interference followed by spatially resolved detection of photons provides precise information on both the separation and the centroid for a pair of point emitters, avoiding trade-offs inherent to single-photon measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Parniak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Borówka
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kajetan Boroszko
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wasilewski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Banaszek
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Lyons A, Knee GC, Bolduc E, Roger T, Leach J, Gauger EM, Faccio D. Attosecond-resolution Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaap9416. [PMID: 29736414 PMCID: PMC5935478 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap9416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When two indistinguishable photons are each incident on separate input ports of a beamsplitter, they "bunch" deterministically, exiting via the same port as a direct consequence of their bosonic nature. This two-photon interference effect has long-held the potential for application in precision measurement of time delays, such as those induced by transparent specimens with unknown thickness profiles. However, the technique has never achieved resolutions significantly better than the few-femtosecond (micrometer) scale other than in a common-path geometry that severely limits applications. We develop the precision of Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry toward the ultimate limits dictated by statistical estimation theory, achieving few-attosecond (or nanometer path length) scale resolutions in a dual-arm geometry, thus providing access to length scales pertinent to cell biology and monoatomic layer two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Lyons
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - George C. Knee
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Eliot Bolduc
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Thomas Roger
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jonathan Leach
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Erik M. Gauger
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Daniele Faccio
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Ruppert L, Filip R. Light-matter quantum interferometry with homodyne detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:15456-15467. [PMID: 28788970 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.015456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the estimation of an unknown Gaussian process (containing displacement, squeezing and phase-shift) applied to a matter system. The state of the matter system is not directly measured; instead, we measure an optical mode which interacts with the system. We propose an interferometric setup exploiting a beam-splitter-type of light-matter interaction with homodyne detectors and two methods of estimation. We demonstrate the superiority of the interferometric setup over alternative non-interferometric schemes. Importantly, we show that even limited coupling strength and a noisy matter system are sufficient for very good estimation. Our work opens the way to many future investigations of light-matter interferometry for experimental platforms in quantum metrology of matter systems.
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