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Jiang M, Wang Y, Li J, Gao X. Review of carbon dot-hydrogel composite material as a future water-environmental regulator. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131850. [PMID: 38670201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
As water pollution and scarcity pose severe threats to the sustainable progress of human society, it is important to develop a method or materials that can accurately and efficiently detect pollutants and purify aquatic environments or exploit marine resources. The compositing of photoluminescent and hydrophilic carbon dots (CDs) with hydrogels bearing three-dimensional networks to form CD-hydrogel composites to protect aquatic environments is a "win-win" strategy. Herein, the feasibility of the aforementioned method has been demonstrated. This paper reviews the recent progress of CD-hydrogel materials used in aquatic environments. First, the synthesis methods for these composites are discussed, and then, the composites are categorized according to different methods of combining the raw materials. Thereafter, the progress in research on CD-hydrogel materials in the field of water quality detection and purification is reviewed in terms of the application of the mechanisms. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of CD-hydrogel materials are described. These results are expected to provide insights into the development of CD-hydrogel composites for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Jiang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Jichuan Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xing Gao
- College of Sports and Human Sciences, Post-doctoral Mobile Research Station, Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, PR China.
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2
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Sanchez-Seguame G, Avalos-Sanchez H, Eduardo Lugo J, Murillo-Bracamontes EA, Palomino-Ovando MA, Hernández-Cristobal O, Gervacio-Arciniega JJ, Toledo-Solano M. Magnetic-Dielectric Cantilevers for Atomic Force Microscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:874. [PMID: 38786830 PMCID: PMC11123794 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a technique that relies on detecting forces at the nanonewton scale. It involves using a cantilever with a tiny tip at one end. This tip interacts with the short- and long-range forces of material surfaces. These cantilevers are typically manufactured with Si or Si3N4 and synthesized using a lithography technique, which implies a high cost. On the other hand, through simple chemical methods, it is possible to synthesize a magneto-dielectric composite made up of artificial SiO2 opals infiltrated with superparamagnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4. From these materials, it is possible to obtain tipless cantilevers that can be used in AFM analysis. Tipless cantilevers are an alternative tool in nanoscale exploration, offering a versatile approach to surface analysis. Unlike traditional AFM probes, tipless versions eliminate the challenges associated with tip wear, ensuring prolonged stability during measurements. This makes tipless AFM particularly valuable for imaging delicate or soft samples, as it prevents sample damage and provides precise measurements of topography and mechanical and electromechanical properties. This study presents the results of the characterization of known surfaces using magneto-dielectric cantilevers and commercial cantilevers based on Si. The characterization will be carried out through contact and non-contact topography measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gala Sanchez-Seguame
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Av. 18 sur, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla Pue 72570, Mexico; (G.S.-S.); (H.A.-S.); (J.E.L.); (M.A.P.-O.)
| | - Hugo Avalos-Sanchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Av. 18 sur, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla Pue 72570, Mexico; (G.S.-S.); (H.A.-S.); (J.E.L.); (M.A.P.-O.)
| | - Jesus Eduardo Lugo
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Av. 18 sur, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla Pue 72570, Mexico; (G.S.-S.); (H.A.-S.); (J.E.L.); (M.A.P.-O.)
- Faubert Lab, School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1P1, Canada
- Sage-Sentinel Smart Solutions, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | | | - Martha Alicia Palomino-Ovando
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Av. 18 sur, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla Pue 72570, Mexico; (G.S.-S.); (H.A.-S.); (J.E.L.); (M.A.P.-O.)
| | - Orlando Hernández-Cristobal
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Colonia San José de la Huerta, Morelia 58089, Mexico;
| | - José Juan Gervacio-Arciniega
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías-Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Av. 18 sur, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla Pue 72570, Mexico
| | - Miller Toledo-Solano
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías-Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y Av. 18 sur, Col. San Manuel Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla Pue 72570, Mexico
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3
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Glia A, Deliorman M, Qasaimeh MA. 3D Generation of Multipurpose Atomic Force Microscopy Tips. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201489. [PMID: 35853246 PMCID: PMC9507387 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 3D polymeric atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips, referred to as 3DTIPs, are manufactured with great flexibility in design and function using two-photon polymerization. With the technology holding a great potential in developing next-generation AFM tips, 3DTIPs prove effective in obtaining high-resolution and high-speed AFM images in air and liquid environments, using common AFM modes. In particular, it is shown that the 3DTIPs provide high-resolution imaging due to their extremely low Hamaker constant, high speed scanning rates due to their low quality factor, and high durability due to their soft nature and minimal isotropic tip wear; the three important features for advancing AFM studies. It is also shown that refining the tip end of the 3DTIPs by focused ion beam etching and by carbon nanotube inclusion substantially extends their functionality in high-resolution AFM imaging, reaching angstrom scales. Altogether, the multifunctional capabilities of 3DTIPs can bring next-generation AFM tips to routine and advanced AFM applications, and expand the fields of high speed AFM imaging and biological force measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Glia
- Division of EngineeringNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)Abu DhabiUAE
| | | | - Mohammad A. Qasaimeh
- Division of EngineeringNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)Abu DhabiUAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNew York UniversityBrooklynNY11201USA
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4
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Li Y, Zhao E, Li L, Bai L, Zhang W. Facile design of lidocaine-loaded polymeric hydrogel to persuade effects of local anesthesia drug delivery system: complete in vitro and in vivo toxicity analyses. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1080-1092. [PMID: 34114924 PMCID: PMC8204985 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1931558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal goal of the present investigation was to enterprise new and effective drug delivery vesicle for the sustained delivery of local anesthetic lidocaine hydrochloride (LDC), using a novel combination of copolymeric hydrogel with tetrahydroxyborate (COP–THB) to improve bioactivity and therapeutic potential. To support this contention, the physical and mechanical properties, rheological characteristics, and component release of candidate formulations were investigated. An optimized formulation of COP–THB containing LDC to an upper maximum concentration of 1.5% w/w was assessed for drug crystallization. The biocompatibility of the prepared COP–THB hydrogel was exhibited strong cell survival (96%) and growth compatibility on L929 fibroblast cell lines, which was confirmed by using methods of MTT assay and microscopic observations. The COP–THB hydrogel release pattern is distinct from that of COP–THB/LDC hydrogels by the slow-release rate and the low percentage of cumulative release. In vivo evaluations were demonstrated the anesthetic effects and toxicity value of treated samples by using mice models. In addition, COP–THB/LDC hydrogels significantly inhibit in vivo tumor growth in mice model and effectively reduced it is in vivo toxicity. The pharmacological evaluation showed that encapsulation of LDC in COP–THB hydrogels prolonged its anesthetic action with favorable in vitro and in vivo compatibility. This novel design may theoretically be used in promising studies involving the controlled release of local anesthetics.Highlights Development a modified sustained release system for the local anesthetic lidocaine. PVP-THB hydrogel to improve the pharmacological properties of the drug and their anesthetic activities. Profiles of PVP-THB/LDC showed that the effective release of associated lidocaine. This new formulation could potentially be used in future local anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erxian Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liying Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Li M, Xi N, Wang YC, Liu LQ. Atomic force microscopy for revealing micro/nanoscale mechanics in tumor metastasis: from single cells to microenvironmental cues. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:323-339. [PMID: 32807839 PMCID: PMC8027022 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanics are intrinsic properties which appears throughout the formation, development, and aging processes of biological systems. Mechanics have been shown to play important roles in regulating the development and metastasis of tumors, and understanding tumor mechanics has emerged as a promising way to reveal the underlying mechanisms guiding tumor behaviors. In particular, tumors are highly complex diseases associated with multifaceted factors, including alterations in cancerous cells, tissues, and organs as well as microenvironmental cues, indicating that investigating tumor mechanics on multiple levels is significantly helpful for comprehensively understanding the effects of mechanics on tumor progression. Recently, diverse techniques have been developed for probing the mechanics of tumors, among which atomic force microscopy (AFM) has appeared as an excellent platform enabling simultaneously characterizing the structures and mechanical properties of living biological systems ranging from individual molecules and cells to tissue samples with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution, offering novel possibilities for understanding tumor physics and contributing much to the studies of cancer. In this review, we survey the recent progress that has been achieved with the use of AFM for revealing micro/nanoscale mechanics in tumor development and metastasis. Challenges and future progress are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ning Xi
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lian-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110169, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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6
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Li J, Jia X, Yin L. Hydrogel: Diversity of Structures and Applications in Food Science. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1858313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jia
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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7
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3D-printed cellular tips for tuning fork atomic force microscopy in shear mode. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5732. [PMID: 33184281 PMCID: PMC7661501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips have remained largely unchanged in nanomachining processes, constituent materials, and microstructural constructions for decades, which limits the measurement performance based on force-sensing feedbacks. In order to save the scanning images from distortions due to excessive mechanical interactions in the intermittent shear-mode contact between scanning tips and sample, we propose the application of controlled microstructural architectured material to construct AFM tips by exploiting material-related energy-absorbing behavior in response to the tip–sample impact, leading to visual promotions of imaging quality. Evidenced by numerical analysis of compressive responses and practical scanning tests on various samples, the essential scanning functionality and the unique contribution of the cellular buffer layer to imaging optimization are strongly proved. This approach opens new avenues towards the specific applications of cellular solids in the energy-absorption field and sheds light on novel AFM studies based on 3D-printed tips possessing exotic properties. The authors investigate 3D-printed tips, based on controlled microstructural architectured materials, as probes for shear-mode atomic force microscopy. They demonstrate that the tailored stiffness and energy-absorbing behaviour of the material are beneficial for improving image quality.
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8
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Alunda BO, Lee YJ. Review: Cantilever-Based Sensors for High Speed Atomic Force Microscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4784. [PMID: 32854193 PMCID: PMC7506678 DOI: 10.3390/s20174784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review critically summarizes the recent advances of the microcantilever-based force sensors for atomic force microscope (AFM) applications. They are one the most common mechanical spring-mass systems and are extremely sensitive to changes in the resonant frequency, thus finding numerous applications especially for molecular sensing. Specifically, we comment on the latest progress in research on the deflection detection systems, fabrication, coating and functionalization of the microcantilevers and their application as bio- and chemical sensors. A trend on the recent breakthroughs on the study of biological samples using high-speed atomic force microscope is also reported in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Ouma Alunda
- School of Mines and Engineering, Taita Taveta University, P.O. Box 635-80300 Voi, Kenya;
| | - Yong Joong Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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9
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Pan D, Liu S, Ji S, Cai Z, Li J, Hou Y, Zhang W, Fan S, Li R, Hu Y, Zhu W, Wu D, Chu J. Efficient fabrication of a high-aspect-ratio AFM tip by one-step exposure of a long focal depth holographic femtosecond axilens beam. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:897-900. [PMID: 32058499 DOI: 10.1364/ol.384249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we demonstrate a laser fabrication strategy that uses the long focal depth femtosecond axilens laser beam to manufacture the high-aspect-ratio (HAR) micropillars and atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes by one-step exposure. The long depth of focus is generated by modulating laser beam focused at different positions. By adjusting the exposure height, the morphology of HAR micropillars can be tuned flexibly, and the micropillar with an ultra-high aspect ratio (diameter of 1.5 µm, height of 102 µm, ${\rm AR}={70}$AR=70) can be fabricated within 10 ms which is a great challenge for other processing methods to obtain such a HAR microstructure in such a short time. In addition, the HAR micropillar is fabricated onto a cantilever to form the AFM probe. The homemade probe shows fine imaging quality. This method greatly improves the processing efficiency while ensuring the fabrication resolution which provides a powerful method for processing HAR microstructures.
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10
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Hosseini N, Neuenschwander M, Peric O, Andany SH, Adams JD, Fantner GE. Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2357-2363. [PMID: 31886112 PMCID: PMC6902782 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Employing polymer cantilevers has shown to outperform using their silicon or silicon nitride analogues concerning the imaging speed of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tapping mode (intermittent contact mode with amplitude modulation) by up to one order of magnitude. However, tips of the cantilever made out of a polymer material do not meet the requirements for tip sharpness and durability. Combining the high imaging bandwidth of polymer cantilevers with making sharp and wear-resistant tips is essential for a future adoption of polymer cantilevers in routine AFM use. In this work, we have developed a batch fabrication process to integrate silicon nitride tips with an average tip radius of 9 ± 2 nm into high-speed SU8 cantilevers. Key aspects of the process are the mechanical anchoring of a moulded silicon nitride tip and a two-step release process. The fabrication recipe can be adjusted to any photo-processable polymer cantilever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Hosseini
- Bioengineering department, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI-STI LBNI, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Neuenschwander
- Bioengineering department, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI-STI LBNI, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Peric
- Bioengineering department, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI-STI LBNI, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santiago H Andany
- Bioengineering department, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI-STI LBNI, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D Adams
- Bioengineering department, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI-STI LBNI, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Biophysik Department, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg E Fantner
- Bioengineering department, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI-STI LBNI, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Advanced measurement and diagnosis of the effect on the underlayer roughness for industrial standard metrology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1018. [PMID: 30705294 PMCID: PMC6355768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In current nanoscale semiconductor fabrications, high dielectric materials and ultrathin multilayers have been selected to improve the performance of the devices. Thus, interface effects between films and the quantification of surface information are becoming key issues for determining the performance of the semiconductor devices. In this paper, we developed an easy, accurate, and nondestructive diagnosis to investigate the interface effect of hafnium oxide ultrathin films. A roughness scaling method that artificially modified silicon surfaces with a maximum peak-to-valley roughness range of a few nanometers was introduced to examine the effect on the underlayer roughness. The critical overlayer roughness was be defined by the transition of RMS roughness which was 0.18 nm for the 3 nm thick hafnium oxide film. Subsequently, for the inline diagnostic application of semiconductor fabrication, the roughness of a mass produced hafnium film was investigated. Finally, we confirmed that the result was below the threshold set by our critical roughness. The RMS roughness of the mass produced hafnium oxide film was 0.11 nm at a 500 nm field of view. Therefore, we expect that the quantified and standardized critical roughness managements will contribute to improvement of the production yield.
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12
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Gao Y, Xu B. On the Generalized Thermal Conductance Characterizations of Mixed One-Dimensional-Two-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures and Their Implication for Pressure Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14221-14229. [PMID: 29611416 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of ever-growing two-dimensional (2D) materials has made revolutionary innovations on van der Waals (vdW) heterostructural designs by integrating them with other low-dimensional materials to achieve unprecedented and/or multiple functionalities that are beyond individual components. Guided by full-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we present a mixed-dimensional heterostructure by vertically stacking one-dimensional (1D) and 2D materials through noncovalent vdW interactions and demonstrate that the thermal conductance can be generalized into a unified model by incorporating their mechanical properties and geometric features. Simulation analyses further reveal the strong dependence of thermal conductance on the location and magnitude of an external pressure loading applied to the local vdW heterojunctions. The underlying thermal transport mechanism is uncovered through the elucidation of the mechanical deformation, curvature morphology, and density of atomic interactions at the heterojunctions. A proof-of-conceptual design of such a heterostructure-enabled pressure sensor is explored by utilizing the unique response of thermal transport to mechanical deformation at heterojunctions. These designs and models are expected to broaden the applications and functionalities of mixed-dimensional heterostructures and will also offer an alternative strategy to leverage thermal transport mechanisms in the design of high-performance vdW heterostructure-enabled sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Baoxing Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
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13
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Ozkan AD, Topal AE, Dikecoglu FB, Guler MO, Dana A, Tekinay AB. Probe microscopy methods and applications in imaging of biological materials. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 73:153-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Custom-Designed Glassy Carbon Tips for Atomic Force Microscopy. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8090285. [PMID: 30400475 PMCID: PMC6190046 DOI: 10.3390/mi8090285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glassy carbon is a graphenic form of elemental carbon obtained from pyrolysis of carbon-rich precursor polymers that can be patterned using various lithographic techniques. It is electrically and thermally conductive, mechanically strong, light, corrosion resistant and easy to functionalize. These properties render it very suitable for Carbon-microelectromechanical systems (Carbon-MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (Carbon-NEMS) applications. Here we report on the fabrication and characterization of fully operational, microfabricated glassy carbon nano-tips for Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). These tips are 3D-printed on to micro-machined silicon cantilevers by Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP) of acrylate-based photopolymers (commercially known as IP-series resists), followed by their carbonization employing controlled pyrolysis, which shrinks the patterned structure by ≥98% in volume. Tip performance and robustness during contact and dynamic AFM modes are validated by morphology and wear tests. The design and pyrolysis process optimization performed for this work indicate which parameters require special attention when IP-series polymers are used for the fabrication of Carbon-MEMS and NEMS. Microstructural characterization of the resulting material confirms that it features a frozen percolated network of graphene sheets accompanied by disordered carbon and voids, similar to typical glassy carbons. The presented facile fabrication method can be employed for obtaining a variety of 3D glassy carbon nanostructures starting from the stereolithographic designs provided by the user.
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15
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Stassi S, Fantino E, Calmo R, Chiappone A, Gillono M, Scaiola D, Pirri CF, Ricciardi C, Chiadò A, Roppolo I. Polymeric 3D Printed Functional Microcantilevers for Biosensing Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:19193-19201. [PMID: 28530385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show for the first time the production of mass-sensitive polymeric biosensors by 3D printing technology with intrinsic functionalities. We also demonstrate the feasibility of mass-sensitive biosensors in the form of microcantilever in a one-step printing process, using acrylic acid as functional comonomer for introducing a controlled amount of functional groups that can covalently immobilize the biomolecules onto the polymer. The effectiveness of the application of 3D printed microcantilevers as biosensors is then demonstrated with their implementation in a standard immunoassay protocol. This study shows how 3D microfabrication techniques, material characterization, and biosensor development could be combined to obtain an engineered polymeric microcantilever with intrinsic functionalities. The possibility of tuning the composition of the starting photocurable resin with the addition of functional agents, and consequently controlling the functionalities of the 3D printed devices, paves the way to a new class of mass-sensing microelectromechanical system devices with intrinsic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stassi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Erika Fantino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Roberta Calmo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiappone
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Corso Trento 21, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Matteo Gillono
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Corso Trento 21, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Davide Scaiola
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Corso Trento 21, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Carlo Ricciardi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Alessandro Chiadò
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino , Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Ignazio Roppolo
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Corso Trento 21, Torino 10129, Italy
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Ponnuvelu DV, Kim S, Lee J. Polyethyleneglycol diacrylate hydrogels with plasmonic gold nanospheres incorporated via functional group optimization. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-017-0056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Chae I, Khan MF, Song J, Kang T, Lee J, Thundat T. Standoff Mechanical Resonance Spectroscopy Based on Infrared-Sensitive Hydrogel Microcantilevers. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9678-9684. [PMID: 27599117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a highly sensitive and selective remote chemical sensing platform for surface-adsorbed trace chemicals by using infrared (IR)-sensitive hydrogel microcantilevers. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogel microcantilevers are fabricated by ultraviolet (UV) curing of PEG-DA prepolymer introduced into a poly(dimethylsiloxane) mold. The resonance frequency of a PEG-DA microcantilever exhibits high thermal sensitivity due to IR irradiation/absorption. When a tunable IR laser beam is reflected off a surface coated with target chemical onto a PEG-DA microcantilever, the resonance frequency of the cantilever shifts in proportion to the chemical nature of the target molecules. Dynamic responses of the PEG-DA microcantilever can be obtained in a range of IR wavelengths using a tunable quantum cascade laser that can form the basis for the standoff mechanical resonance spectroscopy (SMRS). Using this SMRS technique, we have selectively detected three compounds, dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), located 4 m away from the PEG-DA microcantilever detector. The experimentally measured limit of detection for PETN trace using the PEG-DA microcantilever was 40 ng/cm2. Overall, the PEG-DA microcantilever is a promising candidate for further exploration and optimization of standoff detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseok Chae
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - M Faheem Khan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Thundat
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
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