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Garcia-Rubio F, Tranchant V, Hansen EC, Reyes A, Tabassum R, Rahman HU, Ney P, Ruskov E, Tzeferacos P. Shock wave formation in radiative plasmas. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:065206. [PMID: 39020916 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.065206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The temporal evolution of weak shocks in radiative media is theoretically investigated in this work. The structure of radiative shocks has traditionally been studied in a stationary framework. Their systematic classification is complex because layers of optically thick and thin regions alternate to form a radiatively driven precursor and a temperature-relaxation layer, between which the hydrodynamic shock is embedded. In this work we analyze the formation of weak shocks when two radiative plasmas with different pressures are put in contact. Applying a reductive perturbative method yields a Burgers-type equation that governs the temporal evolution of the perturbed variables including the radiation field. The conditions upon which optically thick and thin solutions exist have been derived and expressed as a function of the shock strength and Boltzmann number. Below a certain Boltzmann number threshold, weak shocks always become optically thick asymptotically in time, while thin solutions appear as transitory structures. The existence of an optically thin regime is related to the presence of an overdense layer in the compressed material. Scaling laws for the characteristic formation time and shock width are provided for each regime. The theoretical analysis is supported by FLASH simulations, and a comprehensive test case has been designed to benchmark radiative hydrodynamic codes.
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2
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Gatu Johnson M. Charged particle diagnostics for inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:021104. [PMID: 36859013 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MeV-range ions generated in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy-density physics experiments carry a wealth of information, including fusion reaction yield, rate, and spatial emission profile; implosion areal density; electron temperature and mix; and electric and magnetic fields. Here, the principles of how this information is obtained from data and the charged particle diagnostic suite currently available at the major US ICF facilities for making the measurements are reviewed. Time-integrating instruments using image plate, radiochromic film, and/or CR-39 detectors in different configurations for ion counting, spectroscopy, or emission profile measurements are described, along with time-resolving detectors using chemical vapor deposited diamonds coupled to oscilloscopes or scintillators coupled to streak cameras for measuring the timing of ion emission. A brief description of charged-particle radiography setups for probing subject plasma experiments is also given. The goal of the paper is to provide the reader with a broad overview of available capabilities, with reference to resources where more detailed information can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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3
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Morita T, Kojima T, Matsuo S, Matsukiyo S, Isayama S, Yamazaki R, Tanaka SJ, Aihara K, Sato Y, Shiota J, Pan Y, Tomita K, Takezaki T, Kuramitsu Y, Sakai K, Egashira S, Ishihara H, Kuramoto O, Matsumoto Y, Maeda K, Sakawa Y. Detection of current-sheet and bipolar ion flows in a self-generated antiparallel magnetic field of laser-produced plasmas for magnetic reconnection research. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:055207. [PMID: 36559487 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.055207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection in laser-produced magnetized plasma is investigated by using optical diagnostics. The magnetic field is generated via the Biermann battery effect, and the inversely directed magnetic field lines interact with each other. It is shown by self-emission measurement that two colliding plasmas stagnate on a midplane, forming two planar dense regions, and that they interact later in time. Laser Thomson scattering spectra are distorted in the direction of the self-generated magnetic field, indicating asymmetric ion velocity distribution and plasma acceleration. In addition, the spectra perpendicular to the magnetic field show different peak intensity, suggesting an electron current formation. These results are interpreted as magnetic field dissipation, reconnection, and outflow acceleration. Two-directional laser Thomson scattering is, as discussed here, a powerful tool for the investigation of microphysics in the reconnection region.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Matsuo
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Matsukiyo
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- International Research Center for Space and Planetary Environmental Science, Kyushu University, Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - S Isayama
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - R Yamazaki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S J Tanaka
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Aihara
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Sato
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - J Shiota
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Pan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - T Takezaki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - H Ishihara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - O Kuramoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - K Maeda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Sutcliffe GD, Pearcy JA, Johnson TM, Adrian PJ, Kabadi NV, Pollock B, Moody JD, Petrasso RD, Li CK. Experiments on the dynamics and scaling of spontaneous-magnetic-field saturation in laser-produced plasmas. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:L063202. [PMID: 35854613 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.l063202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In laser-produced high-energy-density plasmas, large-scale strong magnetic fields are spontaneously generated by the Biermann battery effects when temperature and density gradients are misaligned. Saturation of the magnetic field takes place when convection and dissipation balance field generation. While theoretical and numerical modeling provide useful insight into the saturation mechanisms, experimental demonstration remains elusive. In this letter, we report an experiment on the saturation dynamics and scaling of Biermann battery magnetic field in the regime where plasma convection dominates. With time-gated charged-particle radiography and time-resolved Thomson scattering, the field structure and evolution as well as corresponding plasma conditions are measured. In these conditions, the spatially resolved magnetic fields are reconstructed, leading to a picture of field saturation with a scaling of B∼1/L_{T} for a convectively dominated plasma, a regime where the temperature gradient scale (L_{T}) exceeds the ion skin depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Sutcliffe
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J A Pearcy
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T M Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P J Adrian
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N V Kabadi
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C K Li
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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5
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Meinecke J, Tzeferacos P, Ross JS, Bott AFA, Feister S, Park HS, Bell AR, Blandford R, Berger RL, Bingham R, Casner A, Chen LE, Foster J, Froula DH, Goyon C, Kalantar D, Koenig M, Lahmann B, Li C, Lu Y, Palmer CAJ, Petrasso RD, Poole H, Remington B, Reville B, Reyes A, Rigby A, Ryu D, Swadling G, Zylstra A, Miniati F, Sarkar S, Schekochihin AA, Lamb DQ, Gregori G. Strong suppression of heat conduction in a laboratory replica of galaxy-cluster turbulent plasmas. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj6799. [PMID: 35263132 PMCID: PMC8906738 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In conventional gases and plasmas, it is known that heat fluxes are proportional to temperature gradients, with collisions between particles mediating energy flow from hotter to colder regions and the coefficient of thermal conduction given by Spitzer's theory. However, this theory breaks down in magnetized, turbulent, weakly collisional plasmas, although modifications are difficult to predict from first principles due to the complex, multiscale nature of the problem. Understanding heat transport is important in astrophysical plasmas such as those in galaxy clusters, where observed temperature profiles are explicable only in the presence of a strong suppression of heat conduction compared to Spitzer's theory. To address this problem, we have created a replica of such a system in a laser laboratory experiment. Our data show a reduction of heat transport by two orders of magnitude or more, leading to large temperature variations on small spatial scales (as is seen in cluster plasmas).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena Meinecke
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Petros Tzeferacos
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Flash Center for Computational Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch & Lomb Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Rd., Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - James S. Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Archie F. A. Bott
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Ln, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Scott Feister
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Computer Science, California State University Channel Islands, 1 University Dr, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Hye-Sook Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Anthony R. Bell
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Roger Blandford
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309, USA
| | | | - Robert Bingham
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | | | - Laura E. Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - John Foster
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, West Berkshire RG7 4PR, UK
| | - Dustin H. Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 E. River Rd., Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Clement Goyon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Daniel Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Michel Koenig
- Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation de Lasers Intenses, UMR7605, CNRS CEA, Universitè Paris VI Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Brandon Lahmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chikang Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yingchao Lu
- Flash Center for Computational Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch & Lomb Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Charlotte A. J. Palmer
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, University Rd, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | | | - Hannah Poole
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Bruce Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Brian Reville
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Postfach 10 39 80, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam Reyes
- Flash Center for Computational Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch & Lomb Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Alexandra Rigby
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Dongsu Ryu
- Department of Physics, UNIST, Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - George Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Alex Zylstra
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Francesco Miniati
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Subir Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Alexander A. Schekochihin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- Merton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4JD, UK
| | - Donald Q. Lamb
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gianluca Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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6
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Spiers BT, Aboushelbaya R, Feng Q, Mayr MW, Ouatu I, Paddock RW, Timmis R, Wang RHW, Norreys PA. Methods for extremely sparse-angle proton tomography. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:045201. [PMID: 34781464 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.045201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Proton radiography is a widely fielded diagnostic used to measure magnetic structures in plasma. The deflection of protons with multi-MeV kinetic energy by the magnetic fields is used to infer their path-integrated field strength. Here the use of tomographic methods is proposed for the first time to lift the degeneracy inherent in these path-integrated measurements, allowing full reconstruction of spatially resolved magnetic field structures in three dimensions. Two techniques are proposed which improve the performance of tomographic reconstruction algorithms in cases with severely limited numbers of available probe beams, as is the case in laser-plasma interaction experiments where the probes are created by short, high-power laser pulse irradiation of secondary foil targets. A new configuration allowing production of more proton beams from a single short laser pulse is also presented and proposed for use in tandem with these analytical advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Spiers
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Laser Physics sub-Department, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R Aboushelbaya
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Laser Physics sub-Department, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Q Feng
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Laser Physics sub-Department, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M W Mayr
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Laser Physics sub-Department, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - I Ouatu
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Laser Physics sub-Department, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R W Paddock
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Laser Physics sub-Department, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R Timmis
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Laser Physics sub-Department, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R H-W Wang
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Laser Physics sub-Department, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - P A Norreys
- Department of Physics, Atomic and Laser Physics sub-Department, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.,Central Laser Facility, UKRI-STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.,John Adams Institute, Denys Wilkinson Building, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
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7
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Sutcliffe G, Adrian P, Pearcy J, Johnson T, Kabadi N, Haque S, Parker C, Lahmann B, Frenje J, Gatu-Johnson M, Sio H, Séguin F, Pollock B, Moody J, Glebov V, Janezic R, Koch M, Petrasso R, Li C. A new tri-particle backlighter for high-energy-density plasmas (invited). THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:063524. [PMID: 34243576 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new tri-particle mono-energetic backlighter based on laser-driven implosions of DT3He gas-filled capsules has been implemented at the OMEGA laser. This platform, an extension of the original D3He backlighter platform, generates 9.5 MeV deuterons from the T3He reaction in addition to 14.7 and 3.0 MeV protons from the deuterium and helium-3 reactants. The monoenergetic 14.7 and 3.0 MeV protons have been used with success at OMEGA and the NIF for both radiography and stopping-power studies. There are several advantages of having a third particle to diagnose plasma conditions: an extra time-of-flight-separated radiograph and an improved ability to discern between electric and magnetic fields. In cases where the 3.0 MeV protons cannot penetrate an experiment, the benefit of the additional 9.5 MeV deuterons is magnified. This capability is well-suited for NIF experiments, where large fields and plasma densities often preclude useful 3.0 MeV proton data. The advantages are demonstrated with radiographs of OMEGA plasmas with magnetic and electric fields. Tests using backlighter-scale 420 μm diameter thin glass capsules validate the platform's extended backlighting capability. The performance characteristics of this backlighter, such as source size and timing, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Sutcliffe
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Patrick Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jacob Pearcy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Neel Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Shaherul Haque
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Cody Parker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Brandon Lahmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Johan Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Maria Gatu-Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hong Sio
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Fredrick Séguin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Brad Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - John Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Vladmir Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Roger Janezic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Michael Koch
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Richard Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Chikang Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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8
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Johnson TM, Birkel A, Ramirez HE, Sutcliffe GD, Adrian PJ, Glebov VY, Sio H, Johnson MG, Frenje JA, Petrasso RD, Li CK. Yield degradation due to laser drive asymmetry in D 3He backlit proton radiography experiments at OMEGA. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:043551. [PMID: 34243410 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mono-energetic proton radiography is a vital diagnostic for numerous high-energy-density-physics, inertial-confinement-fusion, and laboratory-astrophysics experiments at OMEGA. With a large number of campaigns executing hundreds of shots, general trends in D3He backlighter performance are statistically observed. Each experimental configuration uses a different number of beams and drive symmetry, causing the backlighter to perform differently. Here, we analyze the impact of these variables on the overall performance of the D3He backlighter for proton-radiography studies. This study finds that increasing laser drive asymmetry can degrade the performance of the D3He backlighter. The results of this study can be used to help experimental designs that use proton radiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Birkel
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H E Ramirez
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G D Sutcliffe
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P J Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Yu Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J A Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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9
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Zylstra AB, Craxton RS, Rygg JR, Li CK, Carlson L, Manuel MJE, Alfonso EL, Mauldin M, Gonzalez L, Youngblood K, Garcia EM, Browning LT, Le Pape S, Lemos NC, Lahmann B, Gatu Johnson M, Sio H, Kabadi N. Saturn-ring proton backlighters for the National Ignition Facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:093505. [PMID: 33003822 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proton radiography is a well-established technique for measuring electromagnetic fields in high-energy-density plasmas. Fusion reactions producing monoenergetic particles, such as D3He, are commonly used as a source, produced by a capsule implosion. Using smaller capsules for radiography applications is advantageous as the source size decreases, but on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), this can introduce complications from increasing blow-by light, since the phase plate focal spot size is much larger than the capsules. We report a demonstration of backlighter targets where a "Saturn" ring is placed around the capsule to block this light. The nuclear performance of the backlighters is unperturbed by the addition of a ring. We also test a ring with an equatorial cutout, which severely affects the proton emission and is not viable for radiography applications. These results demonstrate the general viability of Saturn ring backlighter targets for use on the NIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Zylstra
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R S Craxton
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C-K Li
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Carlson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - M J-E Manuel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - E L Alfonso
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - M Mauldin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - L Gonzalez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - K Youngblood
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - E M Garcia
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L T Browning
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Le Pape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Candeias Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Lahmann
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - N Kabadi
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Interrelationship between Lab, Space, Astrophysical, Magnetic Fusion, and Inertial Fusion Plasma Experiments. ATOMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms7010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this review are to articulate geospace, heliospheric, and astrophysical plasma physics issues that are addressable by laboratory experiments, to convey the wide range of laboratory experiments involved in this interdisciplinary alliance, and to illustrate how lab experiments on the centimeter or meter scale can develop, through the intermediary of a computer simulation, physically credible scaling of physical processes taking place in a distant part of the universe over enormous length scales. The space physics motivation of laboratory investigations and the scaling of laboratory plasma parameters to space plasma conditions, having expanded to magnetic fusion and inertial fusion experiments, are discussed. Examples demonstrating how laboratory experiments develop physical insight, validate or invalidate theoretical models, discover unexpected behavior, and establish observational signatures for the space community are presented. The various device configurations found in space-related laboratory investigations are outlined.
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Laboratory Analog of Heavy Jets Impacting a Denser Medium in Herbig–Haro (HH) Objects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae83d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
When comets interacting with solar wind, straight and narrow plasma tails will be often formed. The most remarkable phenomenon of the plasma tails is the disconnection event, in which a plasma tail is uprooted from the comet's head and moves away from the comet. In this paper, the interaction process between a comet and solar wind is simulated by using a laser-driven plasma cloud to hit a cylinder obstacle. A disconnected plasma tail is observed behind the obstacle by optical shadowgraphy and interferometry. Our particle-in-cell simulations show that the difference in thermal velocity between ions and electrons induces an electrostatic field behind the obstacle. This field can lead to the convergence of ions to the central region, resulting in a disconnected plasma tail. This electrostatic-field-induced model may be a possible explanation for the disconnection events of cometary tails.
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