1
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Hartung L, Seubert M, Welte S, Distante E, Rempe G. A quantum-network register assembled with optical tweezers in an optical cavity. Science 2024; 385:179-183. [PMID: 38991069 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado6471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Quantum computation and quantum communication are expected to provide users with capabilities inaccessible by classical physics. However, scalability to larger systems with many qubits is challenging. One solution is to develop a quantum network consisting of small-scale quantum registers containing computation qubits that are reversibly interfaced to communication qubits. In this study, we report on a register that uses both optical tweezers and optical lattices to deterministically assemble a two-dimensional array of atoms in an optical cavity. Harnessing a single atom-addressing beam, we stimulate the emission of a photon from each atom and demonstrate multiplexed atom-photon entanglement with a generation-to-detection efficiency approaching 90%. Combined with cavity-mediated quantum logic, our approach provides a possible route to distributed quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hartung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Welte
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gerhard Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Bloch D, Hofer B, Cohen SR, Browaeys A, Ferrier-Barbut I. Trapping and Imaging Single Dysprosium Atoms in Optical Tweezer Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:203401. [PMID: 38039457 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation and observation of single atoms of dysprosium in arrays of optical tweezers with a wavelength of 532 nm, imaged on the intercombination line at 626 nm. We use the anisotropic light shift specific to lanthanides and in particular a large difference in tensor and vector polarizabilities between the ground and excited states to tune the differential light shift and produce tweezers in near-magic or magic polarization. This allows us to find a regime where single atoms can be trapped and imaged. Using the tweezer array toolbox to manipulate lanthanides will open new research directions for quantum physics studies by taking advantage of their rich spectrum, large spin, and magnetic dipole moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bloch
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Britton Hofer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sam R Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
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3
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Shaw AL, Scholl P, Finklestein R, Madjarov IS, Grinkemeyer B, Endres M. Dark-State Enhanced Loading of an Optical Tweezer Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:193402. [PMID: 37243641 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.193402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Neutral atoms and molecules trapped in optical tweezers have become a prevalent resource for quantum simulation, computation, and metrology. However, the maximum achievable system sizes of such arrays are often limited by the stochastic nature of loading into optical tweezers, with a typical loading probability of only 50%. Here we present a species-agnostic method for dark-state enhanced loading (DSEL) based on real-time feedback, long-lived shelving states, and iterated array reloading. We demonstrate this technique with a 95-tweezer array of ^{88}Sr atoms, achieving a maximum loading probability of 84.02(4)% and a maximum array size of 91 atoms in one dimension. Our protocol is complementary to, and compatible with, existing schemes for enhanced loading based on direct control over light-assisted collisions, and we predict it can enable close-to-unity filling for arrays of atoms or molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Shaw
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Pascal Scholl
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Ran Finklestein
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Ivaylo S Madjarov
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Brandon Grinkemeyer
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Manuel Endres
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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4
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Wu W, Chang X, Pivnenko M, Chu D. Phase flicker-induced sharpness deterioration on 2D holographic displays with digitally driven phase-only LCoS devices. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:D31-D38. [PMID: 37132767 DOI: 10.1364/ao.477901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phase flicker in liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) devices can decrease the effective phase modulation resolution by introducing overlapped phase oscillations between adjacent modulated gray levels, thus degrading the performance of LCoS devices in various applications. However, the effect of phase flicker on a holographic display is often overlooked. From an application angle, this paper investigates the quality of the holographic reconstructed image, especially sharpness, under the static and dynamic effects of different flicker magnitudes. Both the simulation and experimental results reveal that the increment in the magnitude of phase flicker causes an equal sharpness deterioration with the reduction of the numbers of hologram phase modulation levels.
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5
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Liang D, Savio Rodriguez L, Zhou H, Zhu Y, Li H. Optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy of cold atoms. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:6452-6455. [PMID: 36538460 DOI: 10.1364/ol.478793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental demonstration of optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (2DCS) in cold atoms. The experiment integrates a collinear 2DCS setup with a magneto-optical trap (MOT), in which cold rubidium (Rb) atoms are prepared at a temperature of approximately 200 µK and a number density of 1010 cm-3. With a sequence of femtosecond laser pulses, we first obtain one-dimensional second- and fourth-order nonlinear signals and then acquire both one-quantum and zero-quantum 2D spectra of cold Rb atoms. The capability of performing optical 2DCS in cold atoms is an important step toward optical 2DCS study of many-body physics in cold atoms and ultimately in atom arrays and trapped ions. Optical 2DCS in cold atoms/molecules can also be a new avenue to probe chemical reaction dynamics in cold molecules.
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6
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Deist E, Lu YH, Ho J, Pasha MK, Zeiher J, Yan Z, Stamper-Kurn DM. Mid-Circuit Cavity Measurement in a Neutral Atom Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:203602. [PMID: 36462020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Subsystem readout during a quantum process, or mid-circuit measurement, is crucial for error correction in quantum computation, simulation, and metrology. Ideal mid-circuit measurement should be faster than the decoherence of the system, high-fidelity, and nondestructive to the unmeasured qubits. Here, we use a strongly coupled optical cavity to read out the state of a single tweezer-trapped ^{87}Rb atom within a small tweezer array. Measuring either atomic fluorescence or the transmission of light through the cavity, we detect both the presence and the state of an atom in the tweezer, within only tens of microseconds, with state preparation and measurement infidelities of roughly 0.5% and atom loss probabilities of around 1%. Using a two-tweezer system, we find measurement on one atom within the cavity causes no observable hyperfine-state decoherence on a second atom located tens of microns from the cavity volume. This high-fidelity mid-circuit readout method is a substantial step toward quantum error correction in neutral atom arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Deist
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yue-Hui Lu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Ho
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Mary Kate Pasha
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Zhenjie Yan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dan M Stamper-Kurn
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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7
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McDonnell K, Keary LF, Pritchard JD. Demonstration of a Quantum Gate Using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:200501. [PMID: 36461988 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a native CNOT gate between two individually addressed neutral atoms based on electromagnetically induced transparency. This protocol utilizes the strong long-range interactions of Rydberg states to enable conditional state transfer on the target qubit when operated in the blockade regime. An advantage of this scheme is it enables implementation of multiqubit CNOT^{k} gates using a pulse sequence independent of qubit number, providing a simple gate for efficient implementation of digital quantum algorithms and stabilizer measurements for quantum error correction. We achieve a loss corrected gate fidelity of F_{CNOT}^{cor}=0.82(6), and prepare an entangled Bell state with F_{Bell}^{cor}=0.66(5), limited at present by laser power. We present a number of technical improvements to advance this to a level required for fault-tolerant scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McDonnell
- EQOP, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - L F Keary
- EQOP, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J D Pritchard
- EQOP, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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8
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Shi L, Zhong X, Wu T, Bian Q, Liu X, Miao H, Deng Y, Yin B, Zhou T. The electrodynamics of rod‐like microparticles based on optically induced dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2175-2183. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyong Shi
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College Hainan University Haikou P. R. China
| | - Xiangtao Zhong
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College Hainan University Haikou P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College Hainan University Haikou P. R. China
| | - Qin Bian
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College Hainan University Haikou P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College Hainan University Haikou P. R. China
| | - Huaqing Miao
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Deng
- Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP) Chinese Academy of Science Changchun P. R. China
| | - Binfeng Yin
- School of Mechanical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou P. R. China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College Hainan University Haikou P. R. China
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9
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Trisnadi J, Zhang M, Weiss L, Chin C. Design and construction of a quantum matter synthesizer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:083203. [PMID: 36050064 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The quantum matter synthesizer (QMS) is a new quantum simulation platform in which individual particles in a lattice can be resolved and re-arranged into arbitrary patterns. The ability to spatially manipulate ultracold atoms and control their tunneling and interactions at the single-particle level allows full control of a many-body quantum system. We present the design and characterization of the QMS, which integrates into a single ultra-stable apparatus a two-dimensional optical lattice, a moving optical tweezer array formed by a digital micromirror device, and site-resolved atomic imaging. We demonstrate excellent mechanical stability between the lattice and tweezer array with relative fluctuations below 10 nm, diffraction-limited imaging at a resolution of 655 nm, and high-speed real-time control of the tweezer array at a 2.52 kHz refresh rate, which will be adopted to realize fast rearrangement of atoms. The QMS also features new technologies and schemes, such as nanotextured anti-reflective windows and all-optical long-distance transport of atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Trisnadi
- James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Mingjiamei Zhang
- James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Lauren Weiss
- James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Chin
- James Franck Institute, Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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10
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Yu ST, Luo A, Jiang L, Liu YF, Gong L, Yuan ZS. Direct binary search method for high-resolution holographic image projection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:26856-26864. [PMID: 36236869 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Complex-amplitude modulation of light fields with a digital micromirror device (DMD) has been widely used in holographic image projection. DMD is a binary-amplitude modulator, and its use for complex field modulation in a 4f configuration requires low-pass filtering. However, the reconstructed fields suffer from low resolution due to the limited bandwidth for the existing methods such as the Lee and superpixel methods. Here, we report a direct binary search (DBS) method to design high-resolution complex-amplitude holograms. The method is able to increase the spatial bandwidth up to twice that of the superpixel method. Numerical simulations and experiments are presented to demonstrate the method, which show that the errors are reduced by about 60% and 40% respectively for the test fields compared to the superpixel method. Furthermore, the measured efficiency of laser light can be improved by a maximum of 60%.
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11
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Masson SJ, Asenjo-Garcia A. Universality of Dicke superradiance in arrays of quantum emitters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2285. [PMID: 35477714 PMCID: PMC9046277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicke superradiance is an example of emergence of macroscopic quantum coherence via correlated dissipation. Starting from an initially incoherent state, a collection of excited atoms synchronizes as they decay, generating a macroscopic dipole moment and emitting a short and intense pulse of light. While well understood in cavities, superradiance remains an open problem in extended systems due to the exponential growth of complexity with atom number. Here we show that Dicke superradiance is a universal phenomenon in ordered arrays. We present a theoretical framework – which circumvents the exponential complexity of the problem – that allows us to predict the critical distance beyond which Dicke superradiance disappears. This critical distance is highly dependent on the dimensionality and atom number. Our predictions can be tested in state of the art experiments with arrays of neutral atoms, molecules, and solid-state emitters and pave the way towards understanding the role of many-body decay in quantum simulation, metrology, and lasing. Dicke superradiance is an important collective quantum phenomenon, but its analysis is hindered by the exponential growth of the state space with atom number. Here, the authors develop a theoretical framework that overcomes this, and predict a critical distance below which superradiant decay can be observed in large ordered arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Masson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States.
| | - Ana Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States.
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12
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Multi-qubit entanglement and algorithms on a neutral-atom quantum computer. Nature 2022; 604:457-462. [PMID: 35444321 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gate-model quantum computers promise to solve currently intractable computational problems if they can be operated at scale with long coherence times and high-fidelity logic. Neutral-atom hyperfine qubits provide inherent scalability owing to their identical characteristics, long coherence times and ability to be trapped in dense, multidimensional arrays1. Combined with the strong entangling interactions provided by Rydberg states2-4, all the necessary characteristics for quantum computation are available. Here we demonstrate several quantum algorithms on a programmable gate-model neutral-atom quantum computer in an architecture based on individual addressing of single atoms with tightly focused optical beams scanned across a two-dimensional array of qubits. Preparation of entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states5 with up to six qubits, quantum phase estimation for a chemistry problem6 and the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA)7 for the maximum cut (MaxCut) graph problem are demonstrated. These results highlight the emergent capability of neutral-atom qubit arrays for universal, programmable quantum computation, as well as preparation of non-classical states of use for quantum-enhanced sensing.
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13
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Sheng C, Hou J, He X, Wang K, Guo R, Zhuang J, Mamat B, Xu P, Liu M, Wang J, Zhan M. Defect-Free Arbitrary-Geometry Assembly of Mixed-Species Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:083202. [PMID: 35275661 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.083202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optically trapped mixed-species single atom arrays with arbitrary geometry are an attractive and promising platform for various applications, because tunable quantum systems with multiple components provide extra degrees of freedom for experimental control. Here, we report the first demonstration of two-dimensional 6×4 dual-species atom assembly of ^{85}Rb (^{87}Rb) atoms with a filling fraction of 0.88 (0.89). This mixed-species atomic synthesis is achieved via rearranging initially randomly distributed atoms by a sorting algorithm (heuristic heteronuclear algorithm) which is designed for bottom-up atom assembly with both user-defined geometries and two-species atom number ratios. Our fully tunable hybrid-atom systems with scalable advantages are a good starting point for high-fidelity quantum logic, many-body quantum simulation, and single molecule array formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiayi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ruijun Guo
- School of Information Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Laser and Opto-Electric Information Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jun Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bahtiyar Mamat
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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14
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Tong Y, Pivnenko M, Chu D. Effects of phase flicker in digitally driven phase-only LCOS devices on holographic reconstructed images. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:B25-B33. [PMID: 35201122 DOI: 10.1364/ao.442644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phase flicker can degrade the performance of holographic applications at the device and application levels. On the device side, the meaningful phase modulation resolution is proved to be limited by the overlapping between adjacent phase levels caused by flicker. Here, the tolerance of the overlapping for different modulation levels is provided. The frame rate of the device is also constrained by the phase flicker. The balance between low flicker and fast LC response for fast frame rate is quantitatively analyzed. On the application side, the effects of real phase flicker on the performance of blazed gratings and image holograms are investigated using the temporal phase flicker profiles measured from a phase-only liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) device; they are shown to be comparable with that introduced by quantization level and amplitude noise, respectively.
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15
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Joh H, Fan DE. Materials and Schemes of Multimodal Reconfigurable Micro/Nanomachines and Robots: Review and Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101965. [PMID: 34410023 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically programmable, reconfigurable micro/nanoscale materials that can dynamically change their mechanical properties or behaviors, or morph into distinct assemblies or swarms in response to stimuli have greatly piqued the interest of the science community due to their unprecedented potentials in both fundamental research and technological applications. To date, a variety of designs of hard and soft materials, as well as actuation schemes based on mechanisms including chemical reactions and magnetic, acoustic, optical, and electric stimuli, have been reported. Herein, state-of-the-art micro/nanostructures and operation schemes for multimodal reconfigurable micro/nanomachines and swarms, as well as potential new materials and working principles, challenges, and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmok Joh
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Donglei Emma Fan
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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16
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Xu W, Venkatramani AV, Cantú SH, Šumarac T, Klüsener V, Lukin MD, Vuletić V. Fast Preparation and Detection of a Rydberg Qubit Using Atomic Ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:050501. [PMID: 34397223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.050501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new approach for fast preparation, manipulation, and collective readout of an atomic Rydberg-state qubit. By making use of Rydberg blockade inside a small atomic ensemble, we prepare a single qubit within 3 μs with a success probability of F_{p}=0.93±0.02, rotate it, and read out its state in 6 μs with a single-shot fidelity of F_{d}=0.92±0.04. The ensemble-assisted detection is 10^{3} times faster than imaging of a single atom with the same optical resolution, and enables fast repeated nondestructive measurement. We observe qubit coherence times of 15 μs, much longer than the π rotation time of 90 ns. Potential applications ranging from faster quantum information processing in atom arrays to efficient implementation of quantum error correction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Xu
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Aditya V Venkatramani
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Sergio H Cantú
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tamara Šumarac
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Valentin Klüsener
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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17
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Huang Z, Wu Z, Zhou T, Shi L, Liu Z, Huang J. Multi-particle interaction in AC electric field driven by dielectrophoresis force. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2189-2196. [PMID: 34117650 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
When the dielectrophoresis technology is used to manipulate micron-sized particles, the interaction between particles should not be ignored because of the particle-particle interaction. Especially, when multiple particles (number of particles is above 2) are simultaneously manipulated, the interaction between neighboring particles will affect the results of the manipulation. This research investigates the interaction of particles caused dielectrophoresis effect by the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method based on the hypothesis of the thin layer of the electric double layer at the microscale. The mathematics model can be solved simultaneously by the finite element method for the AC electric field, the flow field around the suspended particles and the particle mechanics at the micrometer scale. In this study, the particle conductivity and the direction of the electric field are investigated, we find that particle conductivity and electric field direction pose an impact on particle movement, and the research reveal the law of microparticle dielectrophoresis movement, which could offer theoretical and technology support to profoundly understand the precise manipulation of particles in microfluidic chips by the dielectrophoresis effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Liuyong Shi
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP) 130033, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jiaomei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, P. R. China
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18
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19
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Hashizume T, Bentsen GS, Weber S, Daley AJ. Deterministic Fast Scrambling with Neutral Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:200603. [PMID: 34110181 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.200603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast scramblers are dynamical quantum systems that produce many-body entanglement on a timescale that grows logarithmically with the system size N. We propose and investigate a family of deterministic, fast scrambling quantum circuits realizable in near-term experiments with arrays of neutral atoms. We show that three experimental tools-nearest-neighbor Rydberg interactions, global single-qubit rotations, and shuffling operations facilitated by an auxiliary tweezer array-are sufficient to generate nonlocal interaction graphs capable of scrambling quantum information using only O(logN) parallel applications of nearest-neighbor gates. These tools enable direct experimental access to fast scrambling dynamics in a highly controlled and programmable way and can be harnessed to produce highly entangled states with varied applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hashizume
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory S Bentsen
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02465, USA
| | - Sebastian Weber
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrew J Daley
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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20
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Sun H, Song Y, Byun A, Jeong H, Ahn J. Imaging three-dimensional single-atom arrays all at once. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:4082-4090. [PMID: 33770995 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous imaging of a three-dimensional distribution of point sources is presented. In a two-lens microscope, the point-spreads on the quasi-image plane, which is located between the Fourier and image planes, are spatially distinct, so a set of Fresnel lenslets can perform individual wave-front shaping for axial and lateral rearrangements of the images. In experiments performed with single atoms and holographically programmed lenslets, various three-dimensional arrangements of point sources, including axially aligned atoms, are successfully refocused on the screen, demonstrating the simultaneous and time-efficient detection of the three-dimensional holographic imaging. We expect that non-sequential real-time measurements of three-dimensional point sources shall be in particular useful for quantum correlation measurements and in situ tracking of dynamic particles.
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21
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Masson SJ, Ferrier-Barbut I, Orozco LA, Browaeys A, Asenjo-Garcia A. Many-Body Signatures of Collective Decay in Atomic Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:263601. [PMID: 33449783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.263601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fully inverted atoms placed at exactly the same location synchronize as they deexcite, and light is emitted in a burst (known as "Dicke's superradiance"). We investigate the role of finite interatomic separation on correlated decay in mesoscopic chains and provide an understanding in terms of collective jump operators. We show that the superradiant burst survives at small distances, despite Hamiltonian dipole-dipole interactions. However, for larger separations, competition between different jump operators leads to dephasing, suppressing superradiance. Collective effects are still significant for arrays with lattice constants of the order of a wavelength, and lead to a photon emission rate that decays nonexponentially in time. We calculate the two-photon correlation function and demonstrate that emission is correlated and directional, as well as sensitive to small changes in the interatomic distance. These features can be measured in current experimental setups, and are robust to realistic imperfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Masson
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Paris, France
| | - Luis A Orozco
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics and NIST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Paris, France
| | - Ana Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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22
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Wan C, Duan X. Single Atoms at Crystal Ladder Steps. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Ballantine KE, Ruostekoski J. Optical Magnetism and Huygens' Surfaces in Arrays of Atoms Induced by Cooperative Responses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:143604. [PMID: 33064535 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.143604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By utilizing strong optical resonant interactions in arrays of atoms with electric dipole transitions, we show how to synthesize collective optical responses that correspond to those formed by arrays of magnetic dipoles and other multipoles. Optically active magnetism with the strength comparable with that of electric dipole transitions is achieved in collective excitation eigenmodes of the array. By controlling the atomic level shifts, an array of spectrally overlapping, crossed electric and magnetic dipoles can be excited, providing a physical realization of a nearly reflectionless quantum Huygens' surface with the full 2π phase control of the transmitted light that allows for extreme wavefront engineering even at a single photon level. We illustrate this by creating a superposition of two different orbital angular momentum states of light from an ordinary input state that has no orbital angular momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Ballantine
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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24
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Ballantine KE, Ruostekoski J. Radiative Toroidal Dipole and Anapole Excitations in Collectively Responding Arrays of Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:063201. [PMID: 32845681 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.063201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A toroidal dipole represents an often overlooked electromagnetic excitation distinct from the standard electric and magnetic multipole expansion. We show how a simple arrangement of strongly radiatively coupled atoms can be used to synthesize a toroidal dipole where the toroidal topology is generated by radiative transitions forming an effective poloidal electric current wound around a torus. We extend the protocol for methods to prepare a delocalized collective excitation mode consisting of a synthetic lattice of such toroidal dipoles and a nonradiating, yet oscillating charge-current configuration, dynamic anapole, for which the far-field radiation of a toroidal dipole is identically canceled by an electric dipole.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Ballantine
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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25
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Hu Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Ji S, Zhang C, Li J, Zhu W, Wu D, Chu J. Efficient full-path optical calculation of scalar and vector diffraction using the Bluestein method. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:119. [PMID: 32695316 PMCID: PMC7359032 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Efficient calculation of the light diffraction in free space is of great significance for tracing electromagnetic field propagation and predicting the performance of optical systems such as microscopy, photolithography, and manipulation. However, existing calculation methods suffer from low computational efficiency and poor flexibility. Here, we present a fast and flexible calculation method for computing scalar and vector diffraction in the corresponding optical regimes using the Bluestein method. The computation time can be substantially reduced to the sub-second level, which is 105 faster than that achieved by the direct integration approach (~hours level) and 102 faster than that achieved by the fast Fourier transform method (~minutes level). The high efficiency facilitates the ultrafast evaluation of light propagation in diverse optical systems. Furthermore, the region of interest and the sampling numbers can be arbitrarily chosen, endowing the proposed method with superior flexibility. Based on these results, full-path calculation of a complex optical system is readily demonstrated and verified by experimental results, laying a foundation for real-time light field analysis for realistic optical implementation such as imaging, laser processing, and optical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Shengyun Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Chenchu Zhang
- Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009 China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Wulin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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26
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Yoo SM, Javanainen J. Light reflection and transmission in planar lattices of cold atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:9764-9776. [PMID: 32225577 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of light using atoms plays a fundamental and important role in emerging technologies such as integrated photonics, information storage, and quantum sensors. Specifically, there have been intense theoretical efforts involving large samples of cold neutral atoms for coherent control of light. Here we present a theoretical scheme that enables efficient computation of collective optical responses of mono- and bi-layer planar square lattices of dense, cold two-level atoms using classical electrodynamics of coupled dipoles in the limit of low laser intensity. The steady-state transmissivity and reflectivity are obtained at a field point far away from the atomic lattices in the regime with no Bragg reflection. While our earlier method was based on exact solution of the electrodynamics for a small-scale lattice, here we calculate the dipole moments assuming that they are the same at all lattice sites, as for an infinite lattice. Atomic lattices with effectively over one hundred times more sites than in our earlier exact computations can then be simulated numerically with fewer computational resources. We have implemented an automatic selection of the number of sites under the given convergence criteria. We compare the numerical results from both computational schemes. We also find similarities and differences of a stack of two atomic lattices from a two-atom sample. Such aspects may be exploited to engineer a stack for potential applications.
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27
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Bohrdt A, Omran A, Demler E, Gazit S, Grusdt F. Multiparticle Interactions for Ultracold Atoms in Optical Tweezers: Cyclic Ring-Exchange Terms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:073601. [PMID: 32142349 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dominant multiparticle interactions can give rise to exotic physical phases with anyonic excitations and phase transitions without local order parameters. In spin systems with a global SU(N) symmetry, cyclic ring-exchange couplings constitute the first higher-order interaction in this class. In this Letter, we propose a protocol showing how SU(N)-invariant multibody interactions can be implemented in optical tweezer arrays. We utilize the flexibility to rearrange the tweezer configuration on short timescales compared to the typical lifetimes, in combination with strong nonlocal Rydberg interactions. As a specific example, we demonstrate how a chiral cyclic ring-exchange Hamiltonian can be implemented in a two-leg ladder geometry. We study its phase diagram using density-matrix renormalization group simulations and identify phases with dominant vector chirality, a ferromagnet, and an emergent spin-1 Haldane phase. We also discuss how the proposed protocol can be utilized to implement the strongly frustrated J-Q model, a candidate for hosting a deconfined quantum critical point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Bohrdt
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Ahmed Omran
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Eugene Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Snir Gazit
- Racah Institute of Physics and The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Fabian Grusdt
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
- Department of Physics and Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, München D-80333, Germany
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28
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Abstract
We demonstrate that directed transport of particles in a two dimensional driven lattice can be dynamically reversed multiple times by superimposing additional spatially localized lattices on top of a background lattice. The timescales of such current reversals can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the spatial locations of the superimposed lattices. The key principle behind the current reversals is the conversion of the particle dynamics from chaotic to ballistic, which allow the particles to explore regions of the underlying phase space which are inaccessible otherwise. Our results can be experimentally realized using cold atoms in driven optical lattices and allow for the control of transport of atomic ensembles in such setups.
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29
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Samutpraphoot P, Đorđević T, Ocola PL, Bernien H, Senko C, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. Strong Coupling of Two Individually Controlled Atoms via a Nanophotonic Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:063602. [PMID: 32109118 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate photon-mediated interactions between two individually trapped atoms coupled to a nanophotonic cavity. Specifically, we observe collective enhancement when the atoms are resonant with the cavity and level repulsion when the cavity is coupled to the atoms in the dispersive regime. Our approach makes use of individual control over the internal states of the atoms and their position with respect to the cavity mode, as well as the light shifts to tune atomic transitions individually, allowing us to directly observe the anticrossing of the bright and dark two-atom states. These observations open the door for realizing quantum networks and studying quantum many-body physics based on atom arrays coupled to nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara Đorđević
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Paloma L Ocola
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hannes Bernien
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Crystal Senko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3R1, Canada
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3R1, Canada
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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30
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Jo H, Song Y, Kim M, Ahn J. Rydberg Atom Entanglements in the Weak Coupling Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:033603. [PMID: 32031861 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.033603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present an entanglement scheme for Rydberg atoms using the van der Waals interaction phase induced by Ramsey-type pulsed interactions. This scheme realizes not only controlled phase operations between atoms at a distance larger than Rydberg blockade distance, but also various counterintuitive entanglement examples, including two-atom entanglement in the presence of a closer third atom and W-state generation for three partially blockaded atoms. Experimental realization is conducted with single rubidium atoms in optical tweezer dipole traps, to demonstrate the proposed entanglement generations with an entanglement fidelity of F=0.59±0.11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlae Jo
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yunheung Song
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Minhyuk Kim
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jaewook Ahn
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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31
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Belyansky R, Young JT, Bienias P, Eldredge Z, Kaufman AM, Zoller P, Gorshkov AV. Nondestructive Cooling of an Atomic Quantum Register via State-Insensitive Rydberg Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:213603. [PMID: 31809182 PMCID: PMC7249993 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.213603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We propose a protocol for sympathetically cooling neutral atoms without destroying the quantum information stored in their internal states. This is achieved by designing state-insensitive Rydberg interactions between the data-carrying atoms and cold auxiliary atoms. The resulting interactions give rise to an effective phonon coupling, which leads to the transfer of heat from the data atoms to the auxiliary atoms, where the latter can be cooled by conventional methods. This can be used to extend the lifetime of quantum storage based on neutral atoms and can have applications for long quantum computations. The protocol can also be modified to realize state-insensitive interactions between the data and the auxiliary atoms but tunable and nontrivial interactions among the data atoms, allowing one to simultaneously cool and simulate a quantum spin model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Belyansky
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jeremy T Young
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Przemyslaw Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Zachary Eldredge
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Adam M Kaufman
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Peter Zoller
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences & Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Alexey V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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32
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Levine H, Keesling A, Semeghini G, Omran A, Wang TT, Ebadi S, Bernien H, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Pichler H, Lukin MD. Parallel Implementation of High-Fidelity Multiqubit Gates with Neutral Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:170503. [PMID: 31702233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.170503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the implementation of universal two- and three-qubit entangling gates on neutral-atom qubits encoded in long-lived hyperfine ground states. The gates are mediated by excitation to strongly interacting Rydberg states and are implemented in parallel on several clusters of atoms in a one-dimensional array of optical tweezers. Specifically, we realize the controlled-phase gate, enacted by a novel, fast protocol involving only global coupling of two qubits to Rydberg states. We benchmark this operation by preparing Bell states with fidelity F≥95.0(2)%, and extract gate fidelity ≥97.4(3)%, averaged across five atom pairs. In addition, we report a proof-of-principle implementation of the three-qubit Toffoli gate, in which two control atoms simultaneously constrain the behavior of one target atom. These experiments demonstrate key ingredients for high-fidelity quantum information processing in a scalable neutral-atom platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Levine
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Keesling
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Giulia Semeghini
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ahmed Omran
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Tout T Wang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts 01984, USA
| | - Sepehr Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hannes Bernien
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hannes Pichler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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33
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34
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de Léséleuc S, Lienhard V, Scholl P, Barredo D, Weber S, Lang N, Büchler HP, Lahaye T, Browaeys A. Observation of a symmetry-protected topological phase of interacting bosons with Rydberg atoms. Science 2019; 365:775-780. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav9105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain de Léséleuc
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Lienhard
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Scholl
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Barredo
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Sebastian Weber
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicolai Lang
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thierry Lahaye
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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35
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Kim D, Keesling A, Omran A, Levine H, Bernien H, Greiner M, Lukin MD, Englund DR. Large-scale uniform optical focus array generation with a phase spatial light modulator. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:3178-3181. [PMID: 31199410 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.003178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, to the best of our knowledge, we report a new method to generate uniform large-scale optical focus arrays (LOFAs). By identifying and removing undesired phase rotation in the iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA), our approach rapidly produces computer-generated holograms of highly uniform LOFAs. The new algorithm also shows a faster compensation of system-induced LOFA intensity inhomogeneity than the conventional IFTA. After only three adaptive correction steps, we demonstrate LOFAs consisting of O(103) optical foci with an intensity uniformity greater than 98%.
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36
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Ohl de Mello D, Schäffner D, Werkmann J, Preuschoff T, Kohfahl L, Schlosser M, Birkl G. Defect-Free Assembly of 2D Clusters of More Than 100 Single-Atom Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:203601. [PMID: 31172754 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.203601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the defect-free assembly of versatile target patterns of up 111 neutral atoms, building on a 361-site subset of a micro-optical architecture that readily provides thousands of sites for single-atom quantum systems. By performing multiple assembly cycles in rapid succession, we drastically increase achievable structure sizes and success probabilities. We implement repeated target pattern reconstruction after atom loss and deterministic transport of partial atom clusters necessary for distributing entanglement in large-scale systems. This technique will propel assembled-atom architectures beyond the threshold of quantum advantage and into a regime with abundant applications in quantum sensing and metrology, Rydberg-state mediated quantum simulation, and error-corrected quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ohl de Mello
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dominik Schäffner
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Werkmann
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tilman Preuschoff
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lars Kohfahl
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Malte Schlosser
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerhard Birkl
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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37
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Saskin S, Wilson JT, Grinkemeyer B, Thompson JD. Narrow-Line Cooling and Imaging of Ytterbium Atoms in an Optical Tweezer Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:143002. [PMID: 31050452 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.143002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Engineering controllable, strongly interacting many-body quantum systems is at the frontier of quantum simulation and quantum information processing. Arrays of laser-cooled neutral atoms in optical tweezers have emerged as a promising platform because of their flexibility and the potential for strong interactions via Rydberg states. Existing neutral atom array experiments utilize alkali atoms, but alkaline-earth atoms offer many advantages in terms of coherence and control, and also open the door to new applications in precision measurement and time keeping. In this Letter, we present a technique to trap individual alkaline-earth-like ytterbium (Yb) atoms in optical tweezer arrays. The narrow ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{1} intercombination line is used for both cooling and imaging in a magic-wavelength optical tweezer at 532 nm. The low Doppler temperature allows for imaging near the saturation intensity, resulting in a very high atom detection fidelity. We demonstrate the imaging fidelity concretely by observing rare (<1 in 10^{4} images) spontaneous quantum jumps into and out of a metastable state. We also demonstrate stochastic loading of atoms into a two-dimensional, 144-site tweezer array. This platform will enable advances in quantum information processing, quantum simulation, and precision measurement. The demonstrated narrow-line Doppler imaging may also be applied in tweezer arrays or quantum gas microscopes using other atoms with similar transitions, such as erbium and dysprosium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saskin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - J T Wilson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - B Grinkemeyer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - J D Thompson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
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38
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Kim H, Kim M, Lee W, Ahn J. Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm for fast and efficient atom rearrangement in optical tweezer traps. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:2184-2196. [PMID: 30732259 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.002184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate fast and efficient neutral atom rearrangements in an optical tweezer-trap array, using an enhanced hologram generation algorithm. The conventional Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm is modified to include zero-padding hologram expansion for optical tweezer sharpness, weighted iteration feedback for reduced crosstalk, and phase induction for successive phase continuity. With the new GS algorithm, we experimentally demonstrate defect-free formation of 2D atom arrays with various geometries, achieving a high loading probability of 0.98 for up to N ∼ 30 atoms. Furthermore, the hologram movie calculation speed is enhanced to cover a computational scalability up to 𝒪(103).
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39
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Gou F, Chen R, Hu M, Li J, Li J, An Z, Wu ST. Submillisecond-response polymer network liquid crystals for mid-infrared applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29735-29743. [PMID: 30469934 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We formulated a high birefringence, large dielectric anisotropy, UV stable, and low absorption loss nematic liquid crystal mixture, named UCF-15, for mid-wave infrared (MWIR) applications. To achieve fast response time, we fabricated a polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) using UCF-15 as host. At 40°C operating temperature, our PNLC shows 2π phase change at λ = 4 μm, submillisecond response time, and over 98% transmittance in the 3.8 to 5.1 μm region. Potential applications of this PNLC phase modulator for high speed laser beam steering, adaptive optics, and optical tweezer are foreseeable.
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40
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Chisholm CS, Thomas R, Deb AB, Kjærgaard N. A three-dimensional steerable optical tweezer system for ultracold atoms. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:103105. [PMID: 30399738 DOI: 10.1063/1.5041481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a three-dimensional steerable optical tweezer system based on two pairs of acousto-optic deflectors. Radio frequency signals used to steer the optical tweezers are generated by direct digital synthesis, and multiple time averaged cross beam dipole traps can be produced through rapid frequency toggling. We produce arrays of ultracold atomic clouds in both horizontal and vertical planes and use this to demonstrate the three-dimensional nature of this optical tweezer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Chisholm
- Department of Physics, QSO-Centre for Quantum Science, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - R Thomas
- Department of Physics, QSO-Centre for Quantum Science, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A B Deb
- Department of Physics, QSO-Centre for Quantum Science, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - N Kjærgaard
- Department of Physics, QSO-Centre for Quantum Science, and Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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41
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Levine H, Keesling A, Omran A, Bernien H, Schwartz S, Zibrov AS, Endres M, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. High-Fidelity Control and Entanglement of Rydberg-Atom Qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:123603. [PMID: 30296143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Individual neutral atoms excited to Rydberg states are a promising platform for quantum simulation and quantum information processing. However, experimental progress to date has been limited by short coherence times and relatively low gate fidelities associated with such Rydberg excitations. We report progress towards high-fidelity quantum control of Rydberg-atom qubits. Enabled by a reduction in laser phase noise, our approach yields a significant improvement in coherence properties of individual qubits. We further show that this high-fidelity control extends to the multi-particle case by preparing a two-atom entangled state with a fidelity exceeding 0.97(3), and extending its lifetime with a two-atom dynamical decoupling protocol. These advances open up new prospects for scalable quantum simulation and quantum computation with neutral atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Levine
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Keesling
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ahmed Omran
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hannes Bernien
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Sylvain Schwartz
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexander S Zibrov
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Manuel Endres
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Saffman
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
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43
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Synthetic three-dimensional atomic structures assembled atom by atom. Nature 2018; 561:79-82. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Sorting ultracold atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice in a realization of Maxwell’s demon. Nature 2018; 561:83-87. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Liu J, Li Z. Controlled Mechanical Motions of Microparticles in Optical Tweezers. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E232. [PMID: 30424165 PMCID: PMC6187602 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optical tweezers, formed by a highly focused laser beam, have intriguing applications in biology and physics. Inspired by molecular rotors, numerous optical beams and artificial particles have been proposed to build optical tweezers trapping microparticles, and extensive experiences have been learned towards constructing precise, stable, flexible and controllable micromachines. The mechanism of interaction between particles and localized light fields is quite different for different types of particles, such as metal particles, dielectric particles and Janus particles. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest development on the fundamental and application of optical trapping. The emphasis is placed on controllable mechanical motions of particles, including rotation, translation and their mutual coupling under the optical forces and torques created by a wide variety of optical tweezers operating on different particles. Finally, we conclude by proposing promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Laser and Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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46
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Kim H, Park Y, Kim K, Sim HS, Ahn J. Detailed Balance of Thermalization Dynamics in Rydberg-Atom Quantum Simulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:180502. [PMID: 29775353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.180502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of large complex systems, such as relaxation towards equilibrium in classical statistical mechanics, often obeys a master equation that captures essential information from the complexities. Here, we find that thermalization of an isolated many-body quantum state can be described by a master equation. We observe sudden quench dynamics of quantum Ising-like models implemented in our quantum simulator, defect-free single-atom tweezers in conjunction with Rydberg-atom interaction. Saturation of their local observables, a thermalization signature, obeys a master equation experimentally constructed by monitoring the occupation probabilities of prequench states and imposing the principle of the detailed balance. Our experiment agrees with theories and demonstrates the detailed balance in a thermalization dynamics that does not require coupling to baths or postulated randomness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosub Kim
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - YeJe Park
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - H-S Sim
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jaewook Ahn
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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47
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Mukhopadhyay AK, Xie T, Liebchen B, Schmelcher P. Dimensional coupling-induced current reversal in two-dimensional driven lattices. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:050202. [PMID: 29906956 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that the direction of directed particle transport in a two-dimensional ac-driven lattice can be dynamically reversed by changing the structure of the lattice in the direction perpendicular to the applied driving force. These structural changes introduce dimensional coupling effects, the strength of which governs the timescale of the current reversals. The underlying mechanism is based on the fact that dimensional coupling allows the particles to explore regions of phase space which are inaccessible otherwise. The experimental realization for cold atoms in ac-driven optical lattices is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra K Mukhopadhyay
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tianting Xie
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- College of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Benno Liebchen
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Institute for Theoretical Physics II: Soft Matter, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Schmelcher
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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48
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Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator. Nature 2018; 551:579-584. [PMID: 29189778 DOI: 10.1038/nature24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Controllable, coherent many-body systems can provide insights into the fundamental properties of quantum matter, enable the realization of new quantum phases and could ultimately lead to computational systems that outperform existing computers based on classical approaches. Here we demonstrate a method for creating controlled many-body quantum matter that combines deterministically prepared, reconfigurable arrays of individually trapped cold atoms with strong, coherent interactions enabled by excitation to Rydberg states. We realize a programmable Ising-type quantum spin model with tunable interactions and system sizes of up to 51 qubits. Within this model, we observe phase transitions into spatially ordered states that break various discrete symmetries, verify the high-fidelity preparation of these states and investigate the dynamics across the phase transition in large arrays of atoms. In particular, we observe robust many-body dynamics corresponding to persistent oscillations of the order after a rapid quantum quench that results from a sudden transition across the phase boundary. Our method provides a way of exploring many-body phenomena on a programmable quantum simulator and could enable realizations of new quantum algorithms.
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49
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Barredo D, de Léséleuc S, Lienhard V, Lahaye T, Browaeys A. An atom-by-atom assembler of defect-free arbitrary two-dimensional atomic arrays. Science 2016; 354:1021-1023. [PMID: 27811285 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Large arrays of individually controlled atoms trapped in optical tweezers are a very promising platform for quantum engineering applications. However, deterministic loading of the traps is experimentally challenging. We demonstrate the preparation of fully loaded two-dimensional arrays of up to ~50 microtraps, each containing a single atom and arranged in arbitrary geometries. Starting from initially larger, half-filled matrices of randomly loaded traps, we obtain user-defined target arrays at unit filling. This is achieved with a real-time control system and a moving optical tweezers, which together enable a sequence of rapid atom moves depending on the initial distribution of the atoms in the arrays. These results open exciting prospects for quantum engineering with neutral atoms in tunable two-dimensional geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barredo
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain de Léséleuc
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Lienhard
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Lahaye
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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50
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Endres M, Bernien H, Keesling A, Levine H, Anschuetz ER, Krajenbrink A, Senko C, Vuletic V, Greiner M, Lukin MD. Atom-by-atom assembly of defect-free one-dimensional cold atom arrays. Science 2016; 354:1024-1027. [PMID: 27811284 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The realization of large-scale fully controllable quantum systems is an exciting frontier in modern physical science. We use atom-by-atom assembly to implement a platform for the deterministic preparation of regular one-dimensional arrays of individually controlled cold atoms. In our approach, a measurement and feedback procedure eliminates the entropy associated with probabilistic trap occupation and results in defect-free arrays of more than 50 atoms in less than 400 milliseconds. The technique is based on fast, real-time control of 100 optical tweezers, which we use to arrange atoms in desired geometric patterns and to maintain these configurations by replacing lost atoms with surplus atoms from a reservoir. This bottom-up approach may enable controlled engineering of scalable many-body systems for quantum information processing, quantum simulations, and precision measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Endres
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. .,Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Hannes Bernien
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Harry Levine
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eric R Anschuetz
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Crystal Senko
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletic
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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