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Bharti V, Sugawa S, Mizoguchi M, Kunimi M, Zhang Y, de Léséleuc S, Tomita T, Franz T, Weidemüller M, Ohmori K. Picosecond-Scale Ultrafast Many-Body Dynamics in an Ultracold Rydberg-Excited Atomic Mott Insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:123201. [PMID: 37802940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation and control of ultrafast many-body dynamics of electrons in ultracold Rydberg-excited atoms, spatially ordered in a three-dimensional Mott insulator (MI) with unity filling in an optical lattice. By mapping out the time-domain Ramsey interferometry in the picosecond timescale, we can deduce entanglement growth indicating the emergence of many-body correlations via dipolar forces. We analyze our observations with different theoretical approaches and find that the semiclassical model breaks down, thus indicating that quantum fluctuations play a decisive role in the observed dynamics. Combining picosecond Rydberg excitation with MI lattice thus provides a platform for simulating nonequilibrium dynamics of strongly correlated systems in synthetic ultracold atomic crystals, such as in a metal-like quantum gas regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bharti
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - S Sugawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - M Mizoguchi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - M Kunimi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - S de Léséleuc
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - T Tomita
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - T Franz
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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2
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Khazali M, Lechner W. Scalable quantum processors empowered by the Fermi scattering of Rydberg electrons. COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS 2023; 6:57. [PMID: 38665413 PMCID: PMC11041703 DOI: 10.1038/s42005-023-01174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Quantum computing promises exponential speed-up compared to its classical counterpart. While the neutral atom processors are the pioneering platform in terms of scalability, the dipolar Rydberg gates impose the main bottlenecks on the scaling of these devices. This article presents an alternative scheme for neutral atom quantum processing, based on the Fermi scattering of a Rydberg electron from ground-state atoms in spin-dependent lattice geometries. Instead of relying on Rydberg pair-potentials, the interaction is controlled by engineering the electron cloud of a sole Rydberg atom. The present scheme addresses the scaling obstacles in Rydberg processors by exponentially suppressing the population of short-lived states and by operating in ultra-dense atomic lattices. The restoring forces in molecule type Rydberg-Fermi potential preserve the trapping over a long interaction period. Furthermore, the proposed scheme mitigates different competing infidelity criteria, eliminates unwanted cross-talks, and significantly suppresses the operation depth in running complicated quantum algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadsadegh Khazali
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, 19395-5531 Iran
- Department of Physics, University of Tehran, 14395-547 Tehran, Iran
| | - Wolfgang Lechner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Parity Quantum Computing GmbH, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Landmesser F, Sixt T, Dulitz K, Bruder L, Stienkemeier F. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of an ultracold gas. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:473-476. [PMID: 36638487 DOI: 10.1364/ol.477301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond coherent multidimensional spectroscopy is demonstrated for an ultracold gas. A setup for phase modulation spectroscopy is used to probe the 32S1/2-22P1/2,3/2 transition in an 800μK-cold sample of 7Li atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. The observation of a double quantum coherence response, a signature of interparticle interactions, paves the way for detailed investigations of few- and many-body effects in ultracold gases using this technique. The experiment combines a frequency resolution of 3 GHz with a potential time resolution of 200 fs, which allows for high-resolution studies of ultracold atoms and molecules both in the frequency and in the time domain.
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4
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Haq TU, Haik Y. Strategies of Anode Design for Seawater Electrolysis: Recent Development and Future Perspective. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer ul Haq
- Sustainable Energy Engineering Frank H. Dotterweich College of Engineering Texas A&M University Kingsville TX 78363-8202 USA
| | - Yousef Haik
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE
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Cidrim A, do Espirito Santo TS, Schachenmayer J, Kaiser R, Bachelard R. Photon Blockade with Ground-State Neutral Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:073601. [PMID: 32857558 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that induced dipole-dipole interactions allow for photon blockade in subwavelength ensembles of two-level, ground-state neutral atoms. Our protocol relies on the energy shift of the single-excitation, superradiant state of N atoms, which can be engineered to yield an effective two-level system. A coherent pump induces Rabi oscillation between the ground state and a collective bright state, with at most a single excitation shared among all atoms. The possibility of using clock transitions that are long-lived and relatively robust against stray fields, alongside new prospects on experiments with subwavelength lattices, makes our proposal a promising alternative for quantum information protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cidrim
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - T S do Espirito Santo
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo-13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J Schachenmayer
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - R Kaiser
- Université de Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - R Bachelard
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Université de Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice, 06560 Valbonne, France
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7
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Williamson LA, Borgh MO, Ruostekoski J. Superatom Picture of Collective Nonclassical Light Emission and Dipole Blockade in Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:073602. [PMID: 32857544 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that two-time, second-order correlations of scattered photons from planar arrays and chains of atoms display nonclassical features that can be described by a superatom picture of the canonical single-atom g_{2}(τ) resonance fluorescence result. For the superatom, the single-atom linewidth is replaced by the linewidth of the underlying collective low light-intensity eigenmode. Strong light-induced dipole-dipole interactions lead to a correlated response, suppressed joint photon detection events, and dipole blockade that inhibits multiple excitations of the collective atomic state. For targeted subradiant modes, the nonclassical nature of emitted light can be dramatically enhanced even compared with that of a single atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Williamson
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - M O Borgh
- Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Ruostekoski
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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8
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Mizoguchi M, Zhang Y, Kunimi M, Tanaka A, Takeda S, Takei N, Bharti V, Koyasu K, Kishimoto T, Jaksch D, Glaetzle A, Kiffner M, Masella G, Pupillo G, Weidemüller M, Ohmori K. Ultrafast Creation of Overlapping Rydberg Electrons in an Atomic BEC and Mott-Insulator Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:253201. [PMID: 32639753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.253201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study an array of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice (Mott insulator) excited with a coherent ultrashort laser pulse to a state where single-electron wave functions spatially overlap. Beyond a threshold principal quantum number where Rydberg orbitals of neighboring lattice sites overlap with each other, the atoms efficiently undergo spontaneous Penning ionization resulting in a drastic change of ion-counting statistics, sharp increase of avalanche ionization, and the formation of an ultracold plasma. These observations signal the actual creation of electronic states with overlapping wave functions, which is further confirmed by a significant difference in ionization dynamics between a Bose-Einstein condensate and a Mott insulator. This system is a promising platform for simulating electronic many-body phenomena dominated by Coulomb interactions in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mizoguchi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - M Kunimi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - A Tanaka
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - S Takeda
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - N Takei
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - V Bharti
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - K Koyasu
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - T Kishimoto
- Department of Engineering Science and Institute for Advanced Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - D Jaksch
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - A Glaetzle
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - M Kiffner
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Center for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - G Masella
- icFRC and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G Pupillo
- icFRC and ISIS (UMR 7006), Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - K Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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9
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Shen C, Chen C, Wu XL, Dong S, Cui Y, You L, Tey MK. High-resolution imaging of Rydberg atoms in optical lattices using an aspheric-lens objective in vacuum. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:063202. [PMID: 32611022 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-resolution, simple, and versatile system for imaging ultracold Rydberg atoms in optical lattices. The imaging objective is a single aspheric lens [with a working distance of 20.6 mm and a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.51] placed inside the vacuum chamber. Adopting a large-working-distance lens leaves room for electrodes and electrostatic shields to control electric fields around Rydberg atoms. With this setup, we achieve a Rayleigh resolution of 1.10 μm or 1.41λ (λ = 780 nm), limited by the NA of the aspheric lens. For systems of highly excited Rydberg states with blockade radii greater than a few μm, the resolution achieved is sufficient for studying many physical processes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meng Khoon Tey
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Yang F, Yang S, You L. Quantum Transport of Rydberg Excitons with Synthetic Spin-Exchange Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:063001. [PMID: 31491153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a scheme for engineering quantum transport dynamics of spin excitations in a chain of laser-dressed Rydberg atoms, mediated by synthetic spin exchange arising from diagonal van der Waals interaction. The dynamic tunability and long-range interaction feature of our scheme allows for the exploration of transport physics unattainable in conventional spin systems. As two concrete examples, we first demonstrate a topological exciton pumping protocol that facilitates quantized entanglement transfer, and second we discuss a highly nonlocal correlated transport phenomenon which persists even in the presence of dephasing. Unlike previous schemes, our proposal requires neither resonant dipole-dipole interaction nor off-diagonal van der Waals interaction. It can be readily implemented in existing experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Arias A, Lochead G, Wintermantel TM, Helmrich S, Whitlock S. Realization of a Rydberg-Dressed Ramsey Interferometer and Electrometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:053601. [PMID: 30822025 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental realization and characterization of a Ramsey interferometer based on optically trapped ultracold potassium atoms, where one state is continuously coupled by an off-resonant laser field to a highly excited Rydberg state. We show that the observed interference signals can be used to precisely measure the Rydberg atom-light coupling strength as well as the population and coherence decay rates of the Rydberg-dressed states with subkilohertz accuracy and for Rydberg state fractions as small as one part in 10^{6}. We also demonstrate an application for measuring small, static electric fields with high sensitivity. This provides the means to combine the outstanding coherence properties of Ramsey interferometers based on atomic ground states with a controllable coupling to strongly interacting states, thus expanding the number of systems suitable for metrological applications and many-body physics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arias
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - G Lochead
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - T M Wintermantel
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Helmrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Whitlock
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- IPCMS (UMR 7504) and ISIS (UMR 7006), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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12
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Bruder L, Eisfeld A, Bangert U, Binz M, Jakob M, Uhl D, Schulz-Weiling M, Grant ER, Stienkemeier F. Delocalized excitons and interaction effects in extremely dilute thermal ensembles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2276-2282. [PMID: 30443651 PMCID: PMC6369671 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05851b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-range interparticle interactions are revealed in extremely dilute thermal atomic ensembles using highly sensitive nonlinear femtosecond spectroscopy. Delocalized excitons are detected in the atomic systems at particle densities where the mean interatomic distance (>10 μm) is much greater than the laser wavelength and multi-particle coherences should destructively interfere over the ensemble average. With a combined experimental and theoretical analysis, we identify an effective interaction mechanism, presumably of dipolar nature, as the origin of the excitonic signals. Our study implies that even in highly-dilute thermal atom ensembles, significant transition dipole-dipole interaction networks may form that require advanced modeling beyond the nearest neighbor approximation to quantitatively capture the details of their many-body properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bruder
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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13
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Liu C, Manz J, Ohmori K, Sommer C, Takei N, Tremblay JC, Zhang Y. Attosecond Control of Restoration of Electronic Structure Symmetry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:173201. [PMID: 30411939 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laser pulses can break the electronic structure symmetry of atoms and molecules by preparing a superposition of states with different irreducible representations. Here, we discover the reverse process, symmetry restoration, by means of two circularly polarized laser pulses. The laser pulse for symmetry restoration is designed as a copy of the pulse for symmetry breaking. Symmetry restoration is achieved if the time delay is chosen such that the superposed states have the same phases at the temporal center. This condition must be satisfied with a precision of a few attoseconds. Numerical simulations are presented for the C_{6}H_{6} molecule and ^{87}Rb atom. The experimental feasibility of symmetry restoration is demonstrated by means of high-contrast time-dependent Ramsey interferometry of the ^{87}Rb atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunMei Liu
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Manz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University of Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Christian Sommer
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University of Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nobuyuki Takei
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University of Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | | | - Yichi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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14
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Quantum simulation of ultrafast dynamics using trapped ultracold atoms. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2065. [PMID: 29802274 PMCID: PMC5970240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast electronic dynamics are typically studied using pulsed lasers. Here we demonstrate a complementary experimental approach: quantum simulation of ultrafast dynamics using trapped ultracold atoms. Counter-intuitively, this technique emulates some of the fastest processes in atomic physics with some of the slowest, leading to a temporal magnification factor of up to 12 orders of magnitude. In these experiments, time-varying forces on neutral atoms in the ground state of a tunable optical trap emulate the electric fields of a pulsed laser acting on bound charged particles. We demonstrate the correspondence with ultrafast science by a sequence of experiments: nonlinear spectroscopy of a many-body bound state, control of the excitation spectrum by potential shaping, observation of sub-cycle unbinding dynamics during strong few-cycle pulses, and direct measurement of carrier-envelope phase dependence of the response to an ultrafast-equivalent pulse. These results establish cold-atom quantum simulation as a complementary tool for studying ultrafast dynamics.
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15
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Katsuki H, Takei N, Sommer C, Ohmori K. Ultrafast Coherent Control of Condensed Matter with Attosecond Precision. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1174-1184. [PMID: 29733191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coherent control is a technique to manipulate wave functions of matter with light. Coherent control of isolated atoms and molecules in the gas phase is well-understood and developed since the 1990s, whereas its application to condensed matter is more difficult because its coherence lifetime is shorter. We have recently applied this technique to condensed matter samples, one of which is solid para-hydrogen ( p-H2). Intramolecular vibrational excitation of solid p-H2 gives an excited vibrational wave function called a "vibron", which is delocalized over many hydrogen molecules in a manner similar to a Frenkel exciton. It has a long coherence lifetime, so we have chosen solid p-H2 as our first target in the condensed phase. We shine a time-delayed pair of femtosecond laser pulses on p-H2 to generate vibrons. Their interference results in modulation of the amplitude of their superposition. Scanning the interpulse delay on the attosecond time scale gives a high interferometric contrast, which demonstrates the possibility of using solid p-H2 as a carrier of information encoded in the vibrons. In the second example, we have controlled the terahertz collective phonon motion, called a "coherent phonon", of a single crystal of bismuth. We employ an intensity-modulated laser pulse, whose temporal envelope is modulated with terahertz frequency by overlap of two positively chirped laser pulses with their adjustable time delay. This modulated laser pulse is shined on the bismuth crystal to excite its two orthogonal phonon modes. Their relative amplitudes are controlled by tuning the delay between the two chirped pulses on the attosecond time scale. Two-dimensional atomic motion in the crystal is thus controlled arbitrarily. The method is based on the simple, robust, and universal concept that in any physical system, two-dimensional particle motion is decomposed into two orthogonal one-dimensional motions, and thus, it is applicable to a variety of condensed matter systems. In the third example, the double-pulse interferometry used for solid p-H2 has been applied to many-body electronic wave functions of an ensemble of ultracold rubidium Rydberg atoms, hereafter called a "strongly correlated ultracold Rydberg gas". This has allowed the observation and control of many-body electron dynamics of more than 40 Rydberg atoms interacting with each other. This new combination of ultrafast coherent control and ultracold atoms offers a versatile platform to precisely observe and manipulate nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems on the ultrashort time scale. These three examples are digested in this Account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takei
- Department of Photo-Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Christian Sommer
- Department of Photo-Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
- Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kenji Ohmori
- Department of Photo-Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Chen YH, Ripka F, Löw R, Pfau T. Pulsed Rydberg four-wave mixing with motion-induced dephasing in a thermal vapor. APPLIED PHYSICS. B, LASERS AND OPTICS 2016; 122:18. [PMID: 26900261 PMCID: PMC4750283 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-015-6277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on time-resolved pulsed four-wave mixing (FWM) signals in a thermal Rubidium vapor involving a Rydberg state. We observe FWM signals with dephasing times up to 7 ns, strongly dependent on the excitation bandwidth to the Rydberg state. The excitation to the Rydberg state is driven by a pulsed two-photon transition on ns timescales. Combined with a cw de-excitation laser, a strongly directional and collective emission is generated according to a combination of the phase matching effect and averaging over Doppler classes. In contrast to a previous report (Huber et al. in Phys Rev A 90: 053806, 2014) using off-resonant FWM, at a resonant FWM scheme we observe additional revivals of the signal shortly after the incident pulse has ended. We infer that this is a revival of motion-induced constructive interference between the coherent emissions of the thermal atoms. The resonant FWM scheme reveals a richer temporal structure of the signals, compared to similar, but off-resonant excitation schemes. A simple explanation lies in the selectivity of Doppler classes. Our numerical simulations based on a four-level model including a whole Doppler ensemble can qualitatively describe the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Chen
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Fabian Ripka
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Löw
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tilman Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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