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Zeng K, Yu X, Plenio MB, Wang ZY. Wide-Band Unambiguous Quantum Sensing via Geodesic Evolution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:250801. [PMID: 38996246 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.250801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
We present a quantum sensing technique that utilizes a sequence of π pulses to cyclically drive the qubit dynamics along a geodesic path of adiabatic evolution. This approach effectively suppresses the effects of both decoherence noise and control errors while simultaneously removing unwanted resonance terms, such as higher harmonics and spurious responses commonly encountered in dynamical decoupling control. As a result, our technique offers robust, wide-band, unambiguous, and high-resolution quantum sensing capabilities for signal detection and individual addressing of quantum systems, including spins. To demonstrate its versatility, we showcase successful applications of our method in both low-frequency and high-frequency sensing scenarios. The significance of this quantum sensing technique extends to the detection of complex signals and the control of intricate quantum environments. By enhancing detection accuracy and enabling precise manipulation of quantum systems, our method holds considerable promise for a variety of practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | | | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Xu H, Shang H, Wang C, Du Y. Surface and interface engineering of noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for efficient overall water splitting. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Enhancing the Robustness of Dynamical Decoupling Sequences with Correlated Random Phases. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that the addition of correlated phases to the recently developed method of randomized dynamical decoupling pulse sequences can improve its performance in quantum sensing. In particular, by correlating the relative phases of basic pulse units in dynamical decoupling sequences, we are able to improve the suppression of the signal distortion due to π pulse imperfections and spurious responses due to finite-width π pulses. This enhances the selectivity of quantum sensors such as those based on NV centers in diamond.
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4
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Wang ZY, Lang JE, Schmitt S, Lang J, Casanova J, McGuinness L, Monteiro TS, Jelezko F, Plenio MB. Randomization of Pulse Phases for Unambiguous and Robust Quantum Sensing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:200403. [PMID: 31172750 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We develop theoretically and demonstrate experimentally a universal dynamical decoupling method for robust quantum sensing with unambiguous signal identification. Our method uses randomization of control pulses to simultaneously suppress two types of errors in the measured spectra that would otherwise lead to false signal identification. These are spurious responses due to finite-width π pulses, as well as signal distortion caused by π pulse imperfections. For the cases of nanoscale nuclear-spin sensing and ac magnetometry, we benchmark the performance of the protocol with a single nitrogen vacancy center in diamond against widely used nonrandomized pulse sequences. Our method is general and can be combined with existing multipulse quantum sensing sequences to enhance their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wang
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jacob E Lang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, England WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Lang
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jorge Casanova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Liam McGuinness
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tania S Monteiro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, England WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin B Plenio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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5
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Yao Q, Zhang J, Yi XF, You L, Zhang W. Uniaxial Dynamical Decoupling for an Open Quantum System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:010408. [PMID: 31012664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.010408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical decoupling (DD) is an active and effective method for suppressing decoherence of a quantum system from its environment. In contrast to the nominal biaxial DD, this work presents a uniaxial decoupling protocol that requires a significantly reduced number of pulses and a much lower bias field satisfying the "magic" condition. We show this uniaxial DD protocol works effectively in a number of model systems of practical interest, e.g., a spinor atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in stray magnetic fields (classical noise), or an electron spin coupled to nuclear spins (quantum noise) in a semiconductor quantum dot. It requires only half the number of control pulses and a 10-100 times lower bias field for decoupling as normally employed in the above mentioned illustrative examples, and the overall efficacy is robust against rotation errors of the control pulses. The uniaxial DD protocol we propose shines new light on coherent controls in quantum computing and quantum information processing, quantum metrology, and low field nuclear magnetic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yi
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenxian Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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6
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Haase JF, Wang ZY, Casanova J, Plenio MB. Soft Quantum Control for Highly Selective Interactions among Joint Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:050402. [PMID: 30118315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a quantum control scheme aimed at interacting systems that gives rise to highly selective coupling among their near-to-resonance constituents. Our protocol implements temporal control of the interaction strength, switching it on and off again adiabatically. This soft temporal modulation significantly suppresses off-resonant contributions in the interactions. Among the applications of our method we show that it allows us to perform an efficient rotating-wave approximation in a wide parameter regime, the elimination of side peaks in quantum sensing experiments, and selective high-fidelity entanglement gates on nuclear spins with close frequencies. We apply our theory to nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and demonstrate the possibility for the detection of weak electron-nuclear coupling under the presence of strong perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Haase
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Z-Y Wang
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - J Casanova
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - M B Plenio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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Schwartz I, Scheuer J, Tratzmiller B, Müller S, Chen Q, Dhand I, Wang ZY, Müller C, Naydenov B, Jelezko F, Plenio MB. Robust optical polarization of nuclear spin baths using Hamiltonian engineering of nitrogen-vacancy center quantum dynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat8978. [PMID: 30182060 PMCID: PMC6118411 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat8978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is an important technique that uses polarization transfer from electron to nuclear spins to achieve nuclear hyperpolarization. Combining efficient DNP with optically polarized nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers offers promising opportunities for novel technological applications, including nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liquids, hyperpolarized nanodiamonds as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, and the initialization of nuclear spin-based diamond quantum simulators. However, none of the current realizations of polarization transfer are simultaneously robust and sufficiently efficient, making the realization of the applications extremely challenging. We introduce the concept of systematically designing polarization sequences by Hamiltonian engineering, resulting in polarization sequences that are robust and fast. We theoretically derive sequences and experimentally demonstrate that they are capable of efficient polarization transfer from optically polarized NV centers in diamond to the surrounding 13C nuclear spin bath even in the presence of control errors, making the abovementioned novel applications possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilai Schwartz
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Scheuer
- Institut für Quantenoptik und IQST (Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology), Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benedikt Tratzmiller
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Samuel Müller
- Institut für Quantenoptik und IQST (Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology), Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Qiong Chen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ish Dhand
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- NVision Imaging Technologies GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Boris Naydenov
- Institut für Quantenoptik und IQST (Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology), Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institut für Quantenoptik und IQST (Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology), Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin B. Plenio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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8
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Abobeih MH, Cramer J, Bakker MA, Kalb N, Markham M, Twitchen DJ, Taminiau TH. One-second coherence for a single electron spin coupled to a multi-qubit nuclear-spin environment. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2552. [PMID: 29959326 PMCID: PMC6026183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single electron spins coupled to multiple nuclear spins provide promising multi-qubit registers for quantum sensing and quantum networks. The obtainable level of control is determined by how well the electron spin can be selectively coupled to, and decoupled from, the surrounding nuclear spins. Here we realize a coherence time exceeding a second for a single nitrogen-vacancy electron spin through decoupling sequences tailored to its microscopic nuclear-spin environment. First, we use the electron spin to probe the environment, which is accurately described by seven individual and six pairs of coupled carbon-13 spins. We develop initialization, control and readout of the carbon-13 pairs in order to directly reveal their atomic structure. We then exploit this knowledge to store quantum states in the electron spin for over a second by carefully avoiding unwanted interactions. These results provide a proof-of-principle for quantum sensing of complex multi-spin systems and an opportunity for multi-qubit quantum registers with long coherence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Abobeih
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J Cramer
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M A Bakker
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - N Kalb
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M Markham
- Element Six Innovation, Fermi Avenue, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QR, United Kingdom
| | - D J Twitchen
- Element Six Innovation, Fermi Avenue, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QR, United Kingdom
| | - T H Taminiau
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands.
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands.
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9
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Chen Q, Schwarz I, Plenio MB. Dissipatively Stabilized Quantum Sensor Based on Indirect Nuclear-Nuclear Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:010801. [PMID: 28731761 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.010801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose to use a dissipatively stabilized nitrogen vacancy (NV) center as a mediator of interaction between two nuclear spins that are protected from decoherence and relaxation of the NV due to the periodical resets of the NV center. Under ambient conditions this scheme achieves highly selective high-fidelity quantum gates between nuclear spins in a quantum register even at large NV-nuclear distances. Importantly, this method allows for the use of nuclear spins as a sensor rather than a memory, while the NV spin acts as an ancillary system for the initialization and readout of the sensor. The immunity to the decoherence and relaxation of the NV center leads to a tunable sharp frequency filter while allowing at the same time the continuous collection of the signal to achieve simultaneously high spectral selectivity and high signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik & IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - I Schwarz
- Institut für Theoretische Physik & IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - M B Plenio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik & IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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