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Anchoori RK, Tseng SH, Tsai HL, Palande V, Rudek MA, Roden RBS. Preclinical studies of RA475, a guanidine-substituted spirocyclic candidate RPN13/ADRM1 inhibitor for treatment of ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305710. [PMID: 38990850 PMCID: PMC11239005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent unmet need for more targeted and effective treatments for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The emergence of drug resistance is a particular challenge, but small molecule covalent inhibitors have promise for difficult targets and appear less prone to resistance. Michael acceptors are covalent inhibitors that form bonds with cysteines or other nucleophilic residues in the target protein. However, many are categorized as pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) and considered unsuitable as drugs due to their tendency to react non-specifically. Targeting RPN13/ADRM1-mediated substrate recognition and deubiquitination by the proteasome 19S Regulatory Particle (RP) is a promising treatment strategy. Early candidate RPN13 inhibitors (iRPN13) produced a toxic accumulation of very high molecular weight polyubiquitinated substrates, resulting in therapeutic activity in mice bearing liquid or solid tumor models, including ovarian cancer; however, they were not drug-like (PAINS) because of their central piperidone core. Up284 instead has a central spiro-carbon ring. We hypothesized that adding a guanidine moiety to the central ring nitrogen of Up284 would produce a compound, RA475, with improved drug-like properties and therapeutic activity in murine models of ovarian cancer. RA475 produced a rapid accumulation of high molecular polyubiquitinated proteins in cancer cell lines associated with apoptosis, similar to Up284 although it was 3-fold less cytotoxic. RA475 competed binding of biotinylated Up284 to RPN13. RA475 shows improved solubility and distinct pharmacodynamic properties compared to Up284. Specifically, tetraubiquitin firefly luciferase expressed in leg muscle was stabilized in mice more effectively upon IP treatment with RA475 than with Up284. However, pharmacologic analysis showed that RA475 was more rapidly cleared from the circulation, and less orally available than Up284. RA475 shows reduced ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and in vitro inhibition of HERG. Treatment of mice with RA475 profoundly inhibited the intraperitoneal growth of the ID8-luciferase ovarian tumor model. Likewise, RA475 treatment of immunocompetent mice inhibited the growth of spontaneous genetically-engineered peritoneal tumor, as did weekly cisplatin dosing. The combination of RA475 and cisplatin significantly extended survival compared to individual treatments, consistent with synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro. In sum, RA475 is a promising candidate covalent RPN13i with potential utility for treatment of patients with advanced EOC in combination with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. Anchoori
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hua-Ling Tsai
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vikrant Palande
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Rudek
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard B. S. Roden
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Xu Z, Zhang N, Shi L. Potential roles of UCH family deubiquitinases in tumorigenesis and chemical inhibitors developed against them. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2666-2694. [PMID: 39005671 PMCID: PMC11236784 DOI: 10.62347/oege2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a large group of proteases that reverse ubiquitination process and maintain protein homeostasis. The DUBs have been classified into seven subfamilies according to their primary sequence and structural similarity. As a small subfamily of DUBs, the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases (UCHs) subfamily only contains four members including UCHL1, UCHL3, UCHL5, and BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1). Despite sharing the deubiquitinase activity with a similar catalysis mechanism, the UCHs exhibit distinctive biological functions which are mainly determined by their specific subcellular localization and partner substrates. Besides, growing evidence indicates that the UCH enzymes are involved in human malignancies. In this review, the structural information and biological functions of the UCHs are briefly described. Meanwhile, the roles of these enzymes in tumorigenesis and the discovered inhibitors against them are also summarized to give an insight into the cancer therapy with the potential alternative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of The Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of The Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Patil H, Yi H, Cho KI, Ferreira PA. Proteostatic Remodeling of Small Heat Shock Chaperones─Crystallins by Ran-Binding Protein 2─and the Peptidyl-Prolyl cis-trans Isomerase and Chaperone Activities of Its Cyclophilin Domain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1967-1989. [PMID: 38657106 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in protein phase transitions promote protein aggregation─a neurodegeneration hallmark. The modular Ran-binding protein 2 (Ranbp2) is a cytosolic molecular hub for rate-limiting steps of phase transitions of Ran-GTP-bound protein ensembles exiting nuclear pores. Chaperones also regulate phase transitions and proteostasis by suppressing protein aggregation. Ranbp2 haploinsufficiency promotes the age-dependent neuroprotection of the chorioretina against phototoxicity by proteostatic regulations of neuroprotective substrates of Ranbp2 and by suppressing the buildup of polyubiquitylated substrates. Losses of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) and chaperone activities of the cyclophilin domain (CY) of Ranbp2 recapitulate molecular effects of Ranbp2 haploinsufficiency. These CY impairments also stimulate deubiquitylation activities and phase transitions of 19S cap subunits of the 26S proteasome that associates with Ranbp2. However, links between CY moonlighting activity, substrate ubiquitylation, and proteostasis remain incomplete. Here, we reveal the Ranbp2 regulation of small heat shock chaperones─crystallins in the chorioretina by proteomics of mice with total or selective modular deficits of Ranbp2. Specifically, loss of CY PPIase of Ranbp2 upregulates αA-Crystallin, which is repressed in adult nonlenticular tissues. Conversely, impairment of CY's chaperone activity opposite to the PPIase pocket downregulates a subset of αA-Crystallin's substrates, γ-crystallins. These CY-dependent effects cause age-dependent and chorioretinal-selective declines of ubiquitylated substrates without affecting the chorioretinal morphology. A model emerges whereby inhibition of Ranbp2's CY PPIase remodels crystallins' expressions, subdues molecular aging, and preordains the chorioretina to neuroprotection by augmenting the chaperone capacity and the degradation of polyubiquitylated substrates against proteostatic impairments. Further, the druggable Ranbp2 CY holds pan-therapeutic potential against proteotoxicity and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemangi Patil
- Department of Ophthalmology Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Haiqing Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Kyoung-In Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Paulo A Ferreira
- Department of Ophthalmology Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
- Department of Pathology Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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4
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Shao X, Xing F, Zhang Y, Lok CN, Che CM. Integrative chemoproteomics reveals anticancer mechanisms of silver(i) targeting the proteasome regulatory complex. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5349-5359. [PMID: 38577372 PMCID: PMC10988589 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Silver compounds have favorable properties as promising anticancer drug candidates, such as low side effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and high potential to overcome drug resistance. However, the exact mechanism by which Ag(i) confers anticancer activity remains unclear, which hinders further development of anticancer applications of silver compounds. Here, we combine thermal proteome profiling, cysteine profiling, and ubiquitome profiling to study the molecular mechanisms of silver(i) complexes supported by non-toxic thiourea (TU) ligands. Through the formation of AgTU complexes, TU ligands deliver Ag+ ions to cancer cells and tumour xenografts to elicit inhibitory potency. Our chemical proteomics studies show that AgTU acts on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and disrupts protein homeostasis, which has been identified as a main anticancer mechanism. Specifically, Ag+ ions are released from AgTU in the cellular environment, directly target the 19S proteasome regulatory complex, and may oxidize its cysteine residues, thereby inhibiting proteasomal activity and accumulating ubiquitinated proteins. After AgTU treatment, proteasome subunits are massively ubiquitinated and aberrantly aggregated, leading to impaired protein homeostasis and paraptotic death of cancer cells. This work reveals the unique anticancer mechanism of Ag(i) targeting the 19S proteasome regulatory complex and opens up new avenues for optimizing silver-based anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Shao
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Fangrong Xing
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
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5
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Lu X, Chandravanshi M, Sabbasani VR, Gaikwad S, Hughitt VK, Gyabaah-Kessie N, Scroggins BT, Das S, Myint W, Clapp ME, Schwieters CD, Dyba MA, Bolhuis DL, Koscielniak JW, Andresson T, Emanuele MJ, Brown NG, Matsuo H, Chari R, Citrin DE, Mock BA, Swenson RE, Walters KJ. A structure-based designed small molecule depletes hRpn13 Pru and a select group of KEN box proteins. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2485. [PMID: 38509117 PMCID: PMC10954691 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteasome subunit hRpn13 is partially proteolyzed in certain cancer cell types to generate hRpn13Pru by degradation of its UCHL5/Uch37-binding DEUBAD domain and retention of an intact proteasome- and ubiquitin-binding Pru domain. By using structure-guided virtual screening, we identify an hRpn13 binder (XL44) and solve its structure ligated to hRpn13 Pru by integrated X-ray crystallography and NMR to reveal its targeting mechanism. Surprisingly, hRpn13Pru is depleted in myeloma cells following treatment with XL44. TMT-MS experiments reveal a select group of off-targets, including PCNA clamp-associated factor PCLAF and ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 (RRM2), that are similarly depleted by XL44 treatment. XL44 induces hRpn13-dependent apoptosis and also restricts cell viability by a PCLAF-dependent mechanism. A KEN box, but not ubiquitination, is required for XL44-induced depletion of PCLAF. Here, we show that XL44 induces ubiquitin-dependent loss of hRpn13Pru and ubiquitin-independent loss of select KEN box containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Lu
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Monika Chandravanshi
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Venkata R Sabbasani
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Snehal Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V Keith Hughitt
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nana Gyabaah-Kessie
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bradley T Scroggins
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sudipto Das
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Wazo Myint
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michelle E Clapp
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Charles D Schwieters
- Computational Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Core, Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marzena A Dyba
- Biophysics Resource, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Derek L Bolhuis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janusz W Koscielniak
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., NMR Facility for Biological Research, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hiroshi Matsuo
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beverly A Mock
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
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6
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Osei-Amponsa V, Chandravanshi M, Lu X, Magidson V, Das S, Andresson T, Dyba M, Sabbasani VR, Swenson RE, Fromont C, Shrestha B, Zhao Y, Clapp ME, Chari R, Walters KJ. hRpn13 shapes the proteome and transcriptome through epigenetic factors HDAC8, PADI4, and transcription factor NF-κB p50. Mol Cell 2024; 84:522-537.e8. [PMID: 38151017 PMCID: PMC10872465 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cancer target hRpn13 is a proteasome substrate receptor. However, hRpn13-targeting molecules do not impair its interaction with proteasomes or ubiquitin, suggesting other critical cellular activities. We find that hRpn13 depletion causes correlated proteomic and transcriptomic changes, with pronounced effects in myeloma cells for cytoskeletal and immune response proteins and bone-marrow-specific arginine deiminase PADI4. Moreover, a PROTAC against hRpn13 co-depletes PADI4, histone deacetylase HDAC8, and DNA methyltransferase MGMT. PADI4 binds and citrullinates hRpn13 and proteasomes, and proteasomes from PADI4-inhibited myeloma cells exhibit reduced peptidase activity. When off proteasomes, hRpn13 can bind HDAC8, and this interaction inhibits HDAC8 activity. Further linking hRpn13 to transcription, its loss reduces nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor p50, which proteasomes generate by cleaving its precursor protein. NF-κB inhibition depletes hRpn13 interactors PADI4 and HDAC8. Altogether, we find that hRpn13 acts dually in protein degradation and expression and that proteasome constituency and, in turn, regulation varies by cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasty Osei-Amponsa
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Monika Chandravanshi
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xiuxiu Lu
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Valentin Magidson
- Optical Microscopy and Image Analysis Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sudipto Das
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Marzena Dyba
- Biophysics Resource, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Venkata R Sabbasani
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Caroline Fromont
- Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research and Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Biraj Shrestha
- Sequencing Facility Bioinformatics Group, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Sequencing Facility Bioinformatics Group, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Michelle E Clapp
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Ali EMH, Loy CA, Trader DJ. ByeTAC: Bypassing an E3 Ligase for Targeted Protein Degradation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576376. [PMID: 38293213 PMCID: PMC10827187 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation utilizing a bifunctional molecule to initiate ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome has been shown to be a powerful therapeutic intervention. Many bifunctional molecules, including covalent and non-covalent ligands to proteins of interest, have been developed. The traditional target protein degradation methodology targets the protein of interest in both healthy and diseased cell populations, and a therapeutic window is obtained based on the overexpression of the targeted protein. We report here a series of bifunctional degraders that do not rely on interacting with an E3 ligase, but rather a 26S proteasome subunit, which we have named ByeTACs: Bypassing E3 Targeting Chimeras. Rpn-13 is a non-essential ubiquitin receptor for the 26S proteasome. Cells under significant stress or require significant ubiquitin-dependent degradation of proteins for survival, incorporate Rpn-13 in the 26S to increase protein degradation rates. The targeted protein degraders reported here are bifunctional molecules that include a ligand to Rpn-13 and BRD4, the protein of interest we wish to degrade. We synthesized a suite of degraders with varying PEG chain lengths and showed that bifunctional molecules that incorporate a Rpn-13 binder (TCL1) and a BRD4 binder (JQ1) with a PEG linker of 3 or 4 units are the most effective to induce BRD4 degradation. We also demonstrate that our new targeted protein degraders are dependent upon proteasome activity and Rpn-13 expression levels. This establishes a new mechanism of action for our ByeTACs that can be employed for the targeted degradation of a wide variety of protein substrates.
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Tychhon B, Allen JC, Gonzalez MA, Olivas IM, Solecki JP, Keivan M, Velazquez VV, McCall EB, Tapia DN, Rubio AJ, Jordan C, Elliott D, Eiring AM. The prognostic value of 19S ATPase proteasome subunits in acute myeloid leukemia and other forms of cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1209425. [PMID: 37502358 PMCID: PMC10371016 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1209425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an intracellular organelle responsible for targeted protein degradation, which represents a standard therapeutic target for many different human malignancies. Bortezomib, a reversible inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity, was first approved by the FDA in 2003 to treat multiple myeloma and is now used to treat a number of different cancers, including relapsed mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, colorectal cancer, and thyroid carcinoma. Despite the success, bortezomib and other proteasome inhibitors are subject to severe side effects, and ultimately, drug resistance. We recently reported an oncogenic role for non-ATPase members of the 19S proteasome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and several different solid tumors. In the present study, we hypothesized that ATPase members of the 19S proteasome would also serve as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in AML and multiple other cancers. Methods We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) available at UALCAN and/or GEPIA2 to assess the expression and prognostic value of proteasome 26S subunit, ATPases 1-6 (PSMC1-6) of the 19S proteasome in cancer. UALCAN was also used to associate PSMC1-6 mRNA expression with distinct clinicopathological features. Finally, cBioPortal was employed to assess genomic alterations of PSMC genes across different cancer types. Results The mRNA and protein expression of PSMC1-6 of the 19S proteasome were elevated in several cancers compared with normal controls, which often correlated with worse overall survival. In contrast, AML patients demonstrated reduced expression of these proteasome subunits compared with normal mononuclear cells. However, AML patients with high expression of PSMC2-5 had worse outcomes. Discussion Altogether, our data suggest that components of the 19S proteasome could serve as prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in AML and several other human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boranai Tychhon
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jesse C. Allen
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Mayra A. Gonzalez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Idaly M. Olivas
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Solecki
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Mehrshad Keivan
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Vanessa V. Velazquez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Emily B. McCall
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Desiree N. Tapia
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Andres J. Rubio
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Connor Jordan
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - David Elliott
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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9
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Anchoori RK, Anchoori V, Lam B, Tseng SH, Das S, Velasquez FC, Karanam B, Poddatoori D, Patnam R, Rudek MA, Chang YN, Roden RBS. Development and anticancer properties of Up284, a spirocyclic candidate ADRM1/RPN13 inhibitor. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285221. [PMID: 37315065 PMCID: PMC10266688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib has been successful for treatment of multiple myeloma, but not against solid tumors, and toxicities of neuropathy, thrombocytopenia and the emergence of resistance have triggered efforts to find alternative proteasome inhibitors. Bis-benzylidine piperidones such as RA190 covalently bind ADRM1/RPN13, a ubiquitin receptor that supports recognition of polyubiquitinated substrates of the proteasome and their subsequent deububiqutination and degradation. While these candidate RPN13 inhibitors (iRPN13) show promising anticancer activity in mouse models of cancer, they have suboptimal drug-like properties. Here we describe Up284, a novel candidate iRPN13 possessing a central spiro-carbon ring in place of RA190's problematic piperidone core. Cell lines derived from diverse cancer types (ovarian, triple negative breast, colon, cervical and prostate cancers, multiple myeloma and glioblastoma) were sensitive to Up284, including several lines resistant to bortezomib or cisplatin. Up284 and cisplatin showed synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro. Up284-induced cytotoxicity was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, accumulation of very high molecular weight polyubiquitinated protein aggregates, an unfolded protein response and the early onset of apoptosis. Up284 and RA190, but not bortezomib, enhanced antigen presentation in vitro. Up284 cleared from plasma in a few hours and accumulated in major organs by 24 h. A single dose of Up284, when administered to mice intra peritoneally or orally, inhibited proteasome function in both muscle and tumor for >48 h. Up284 was well tolerated by mice in repeat dose studies. Up284 demonstrated therapeutic activity in xenograft, syngeneic and genetically-engineered murine models of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. Anchoori
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Up Therapeutics LLC, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Vidyasagar Anchoori
- Up Therapeutics LLC, Frederick, MD, United States of America
- SV Chem Biotech, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fernanda Carrizo Velasquez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Balasubramanyam Karanam
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, United States of America
| | | | - Ramesh Patnam
- Prochem Organics, IDA Pashamylaram, Isnapur, Medak, Telangana, India
| | - Michelle A. Rudek
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Yung-Nien Chang
- Up Therapeutics LLC, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard B. S. Roden
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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10
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Gregor JB, Xu D, French ME. Assembly and disassembly of branched ubiquitin chains. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1197272. [PMID: 37325469 PMCID: PMC10267395 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1197272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitylation is an essential post-translational modification that regulates nearly all aspects of eukaryotic cell biology. A diverse collection of ubiquitylation signals, including an extensive repertoire of polymeric ubiquitin chains, leads to a range of different functional outcomes for the target protein. Recent studies have shown that ubiquitin chains can be branched and that branched chains have a direct impact on the stability or the activity of the target proteins they are attached to. In this mini review, we discuss the mechanisms that control the assembly and disassembly of branched chains by the enzymes of the ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation machinery. Existing knowledge regarding the activities of chain branching ubiquitin ligases and the deubiquitylases responsible for cleaving branched chains is summarized. We also highlight new findings concerning the formation of branched chains in response to small molecules that induce the degradation of otherwise stable proteins and examine the selective debranching of heterotypic chains by the proteasome-bound deubiquitylase UCH37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Gregor
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dantong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
| | - Michael E. French
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States
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11
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Lara JJ, Bencomo-Alvarez AE, Gonzalez MA, Olivas IM, Young JE, Lopez JL, Velazquez VV, Glovier S, Keivan M, Rubio AJ, Dang SK, Solecki JP, Allen JC, Tapia DN, Tychhon B, Astudillo GE, Jordan C, Chandrashekar DS, Eiring AM. 19S Proteasome Subunits as Oncogenes and Prognostic Biomarkers in FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314586. [PMID: 36498916 PMCID: PMC9740165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
26S proteasome non-ATPase subunits 1 (PSMD1) and 3 (PSMD3) were recently identified as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and multiple solid tumors. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of 19S proteasome subunits in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with mutations in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene and assessed their impact on overall survival (OS). High levels of PSMD3 but not PSMD1 expression correlated with a worse OS in FLT3-mutated AML. Consistent with an oncogenic role for PSMD3 in AML, shRNA-mediated PSMD3 knockdown impaired colony formation of FLT3+ AML cell lines, which correlated with increased OS in xenograft models. While PSMD3 regulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcriptional activity in CML, we did not observe similar effects in FLT3+ AML cells. Rather, proteomics analyses suggested a role for PSMD3 in neutrophil degranulation and energy metabolism. Finally, we identified additional PSMD subunits that are upregulated in AML patients with mutated versus wild-type FLT3, which correlated with worse outcomes. These findings suggest that different components of the 19S regulatory complex of the 26S proteasome can have indications for OS and may serve as prognostic biomarkers in AML and other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Lara
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Alfonso E. Bencomo-Alvarez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Mayra A. Gonzalez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Idaly M. Olivas
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - James E. Young
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jose L. Lopez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Vanessa V. Velazquez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Steven Glovier
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Mehrshad Keivan
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Andres J. Rubio
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Sara K. Dang
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Solecki
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jesse C. Allen
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Desiree N. Tapia
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Boranai Tychhon
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Gonzalo E. Astudillo
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Connor Jordan
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Darshan S. Chandrashekar
- Department of Pathology-Molecular & Cellular, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(915)-215-4812
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12
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Osei-Amponsa V, Walters KJ. Proteasome substrate receptors and their therapeutic potential. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:950-964. [PMID: 35817651 PMCID: PMC9588529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is critical for protein quality control and regulating protein lifespans. Following ubiquitination, UPS substrates bind multidomain receptors that, in addition to ubiquitin-binding sites, contain functional domains that bind to deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) or the E3 ligase E6AP/UBE3A. We provide an overview of the proteasome, focusing on its receptors and DUBs. We highlight the key role of dynamics and importance of the substrate receptors having domains for both binding and processing ubiquitin chains. The UPS is rich with therapeutic opportunities, with proteasome inhibitors used clinically and ongoing development of small molecule proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for the degradation of disease-associated proteins. We discuss the therapeutic potential of proteasome receptors, including hRpn13, for which PROTACs have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasty Osei-Amponsa
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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13
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Gubat J, Selvaraju K, Sjöstrand L, Kumar Singh D, Turkina MV, Schmierer B, Sabatier P, Zubarev RA, Linder S, D’Arcy P. Comprehensive Target Screening and Cellular Profiling of the Cancer-Active Compound b-AP15 Indicate Abrogation of Protein Homeostasis and Organelle Dysfunction as the Primary Mechanism of Action. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852980. [PMID: 35530310 PMCID: PMC9076133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dienone compounds have been demonstrated to display tumor-selective anti-cancer activity independently of the mutational status of TP53. Previous studies have shown that cell death elicited by this class of compounds is associated with inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Here we extend previous findings by showing that the dienone compound b-AP15 inhibits proteasomal degradation of long-lived proteins. We show that exposure to b-AP15 results in increased association of the chaperones VCP/p97/Cdc48 and BAG6 with proteasomes. Comparisons between the gene expression profile generated by b-AP15 to those elicited by siRNA showed that knock-down of the proteasome-associated deubiquitinase (DUB) USP14 is the closest related to drug response. USP14 is a validated target for b-AP15 and we show that b-AP15 binds covalently to two cysteines, Cys203 and Cys257, in the ubiquitin-binding pocket of the enzyme. Consistent with this, deletion of USP14 resulted in decreased sensitivity to b-AP15. Targeting of USP14 was, however, found to not fully account for the observed proteasome inhibition. In search for additional targets, we utilized genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library screening and Proteome Integral Solubility Alteration (PISA) to identify mechanistically essential genes and b-AP15 interacting proteins respectively. Deletion of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins decreased the sensitivity to b-AP15, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is coupled to cell death induced by b-AP15. Enzymes known to be involved in Phase II detoxification such as aldo-ketoreductases and glutathione-S-transferases were identified as b-AP15-targets using PISA. The finding that different exploratory approaches yielded different results may be explained in terms of a “target” not necessarily connected to the “mechanism of action” thus highlighting the importance of a holistic approach in the identification of drug targets. We conclude that b-AP15, and likely also other dienone compounds of the same class, affect protein degradation and proteasome function at more than one level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gubat
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karthik Selvaraju
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Linda Sjöstrand
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dhananjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Maria V. Turkina
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bernhard Schmierer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman A. Zubarev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacological and Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pádraig D’Arcy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Pádraig D’Arcy,
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14
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Cable J, Weber-Ban E, Clausen T, Walters KJ, Sharon M, Finley DJ, Gu Y, Hanna J, Feng Y, Martens S, Simonsen A, Hansen M, Zhang H, Goodwin JM, Reggio A, Chang C, Ge L, Schulman BA, Deshaies RJ, Dikic I, Harper JW, Wertz IE, Thomä NH, Słabicki M, Frydman J, Jakob U, David DC, Bennett EJ, Bertozzi CR, Sardana R, Eapen VV, Carra S. Targeted protein degradation: from small molecules to complex organelles-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1510:79-99. [PMID: 35000205 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is critical for proper cellular function and development. Protein degradation pathways, such as the ubiquitin proteasomes system, autophagy, and endosome-lysosome pathway, must be tightly regulated to ensure proper elimination of misfolded and aggregated proteins and regulate changing protein levels during cellular differentiation, while ensuring that normal proteins remain unscathed. Protein degradation pathways have also garnered interest as a means to selectively eliminate target proteins that may be difficult to inhibit via other mechanisms. On June 7 and 8, 2021, several experts in protein degradation pathways met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium "Targeting protein degradation: from small molecules to complex organelles." The event brought together researchers working in different protein degradation pathways in an effort to begin to develop a holistic, integrated vision of protein degradation that incorporates all the major pathways to understand how changes in them can lead to disease pathology and, alternatively, how they can be leveraged for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eilika Weber-Ban
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Clausen
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Bimolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel J Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - John Hanna
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yue Feng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sascha Martens
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Program of Development, Aging, and Regeneration, La Jolla, California
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Alessio Reggio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Chunmei Chang
- Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, School of Medicine and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ingrid E Wertz
- Departments of Molecular Oncology and Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, California
| | - Nicolas H Thomä
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mikołaj Słabicki
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith Frydman
- Biophysics Graduate Program, Department of Biology and Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Biohub, San Francisco, California
- Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Della C David
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), and Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric J Bennett
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Richa Sardana
- Weill Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Vinay V Eapen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Serena Carra
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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15
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Lu X, Sabbasani VR, Osei-Amponsa V, Evans CN, King JC, Tarasov SG, Dyba M, Das S, Chan KC, Schwieters CD, Choudhari S, Fromont C, Zhao Y, Tran B, Chen X, Matsuo H, Andresson T, Chari R, Swenson RE, Tarasova NI, Walters KJ. Structure-guided bifunctional molecules hit a DEUBAD-lacking hRpn13 species upregulated in multiple myeloma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7318. [PMID: 34916494 PMCID: PMC8677766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome substrate receptor hRpn13 is a promising anti-cancer target. By integrated in silico and biophysical screening, we identified a chemical scaffold that binds hRpn13 with non-covalent interactions that mimic the proteasome and a weak electrophile for Michael addition. hRpn13 Pru domain binds proteasomes and ubiquitin whereas its DEUBAD domain binds deubiquitinating enzyme UCHL5. NMR revealed lead compound XL5 to interdigitate into a hydrophobic pocket created by lateral movement of a Pru β-hairpin with an exposed end for Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs). Implementing XL5-PROTACs as chemical probes identified a DEUBAD-lacking hRpn13 species (hRpn13Pru) present naturally with cell type-dependent abundance. XL5-PROTACs preferentially target hRpn13Pru, causing its ubiquitination. Gene-editing and rescue experiments established hRpn13 requirement for XL5-PROTAC-triggered apoptosis. These data establish hRpn13 as an anti-cancer target for multiple myeloma and introduce an hRpn13-targeting scaffold that can be optimized for preclinical trials against hRpn13Pru-producing cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Lu
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Venkata R Sabbasani
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vasty Osei-Amponsa
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Christine N Evans
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julianna C King
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sergey G Tarasov
- Biophysics Resource, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Marzena Dyba
- Biophysics Resource, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sudipto Das
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - King C Chan
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Charles D Schwieters
- Computational Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Core, Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-5620, USA
| | - Sulbha Choudhari
- Sequencing Facility Bioinformatics Group, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Caroline Fromont
- Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Sequencing Facility Bioinformatics Group, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Bao Tran
- Sequencing Facility, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Hiroshi Matsuo
- Basic Science Program, Center for Structural Biology, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nadya I Tarasova
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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16
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Huntsman EM, Cho RM, Kogan HV, McNamara-Bordewick NK, Tomko RJ, Snow JW. Proteasome Inhibition Is an Effective Treatment Strategy for Microsporidia Infection in Honey Bees. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1600. [PMID: 34827599 PMCID: PMC8615682 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The microsporidia Nosema ceranae is an obligate intracellular parasite that causes honey bee mortality and contributes to colony collapse. Fumagillin is presently the only pharmacological control for N. ceranae infections in honey bees. Resistance is already emerging, and alternative controls are critically needed. Nosema spp. exhibit increased sensitivity to heat shock, a common proteotoxic stress. Thus, we hypothesized that targeting the Nosema proteasome, the major protease removing misfolded proteins, might be effective against N. ceranae infections in honey bees. Nosema genome analysis and molecular modeling revealed an unexpectedly compact proteasome apparently lacking multiple canonical subunits, but with highly conserved proteolytic active sites expected to be receptive to FDA-approved proteasome inhibitors. Indeed, N. ceranae were strikingly sensitive to pharmacological disruption of proteasome function at doses that were well tolerated by honey bees. Thus, proteasome inhibition is a novel candidate treatment strategy for microsporidia infection in honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Huntsman
- Biology Department, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA; (E.M.H.); (R.M.C.); (H.V.K.); (N.K.M.-B.)
| | - Rachel M. Cho
- Biology Department, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA; (E.M.H.); (R.M.C.); (H.V.K.); (N.K.M.-B.)
| | - Helen V. Kogan
- Biology Department, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA; (E.M.H.); (R.M.C.); (H.V.K.); (N.K.M.-B.)
| | | | - Robert J. Tomko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Jonathan W. Snow
- Biology Department, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027, USA; (E.M.H.); (R.M.C.); (H.V.K.); (N.K.M.-B.)
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17
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Rubio AJ, Bencomo-Alvarez AE, Young JE, Velazquez VV, Lara JJ, Gonzalez MA, Eiring AM. 26S Proteasome Non-ATPase Regulatory Subunits 1 (PSMD1) and 3 (PSMD3) as Putative Targets for Cancer Prognosis and Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:2390. [PMID: 34572038 PMCID: PMC8472613 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the ubiquitin proteasome system was characterized, efforts have been made to manipulate its function to abrogate the progression of cancer. As a result, the anti-cancer drugs bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib targeting the 26S proteasome were developed to treat multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, among others. Despite success, adverse side effects and drug resistance are prominent, raising the need for alternative therapeutic options. We recently demonstrated that knockdown of the 19S regulatory components, 26S proteasome non-ATPase subunits 1 (PSMD1) and 3 (PSMD3), resulted in increased apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, but had no effect on normal controls, suggesting they may be good targets for therapy. Therefore, we hypothesized that PSMD1 and PSMD3 are potential targets for anti-cancer therapeutics and that their relevance stretches beyond CML to other types of cancers. In the present study, we analyzed PSMD1 and PSMD3 mRNA and protein expression in cancerous tissue versus normal controls using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), comparing expression with overall survival. Altogether, our data suggest that PSMD1 and PSMD3 may be novel putative targets for cancer prognosis and therapy that are worthy of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres J Rubio
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Alfonso E Bencomo-Alvarez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - James E Young
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Vanessa V Velazquez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Joshua J Lara
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Mayra A Gonzalez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Anna M Eiring
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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18
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Chirality and asymmetry increase the potency of candidate ADRM1/RPN13 inhibitors. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256937. [PMID: 34506530 PMCID: PMC8432795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib and the other licensed 20S proteasome inhibitors show robust activity against liquid tumors like multiple myeloma, but have disappointed against solid tumors including ovarian cancer. Consequently, interest is mounting in alternative non-peptide based drugs targeting the proteasome’s 19S regulatory particle subunit, including its ubiquitin receptor RPN13. RA183 and RA375 are more potent analogs of the prototypic inhibitor of RPN13 (iRPN13) called RA190, and they show promise for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Here we demonstrate that rendering these candidate RPN13 inhibitors chiral and asymmetric through the addition of a single methyl to the core piperidone moiety increases their potency against cancer cell lines, with the S-isomer being more active than the R-isomer. The enhanced cancer cell cytotoxicities of these compounds are associated with improved binding to RPN13 in cell lysates, ATP depletion by inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial electron chain transport, mitochondrial depolarization and perinuclear clustering, oxidative stress and glutathione depletion, and rapid accumulation of high molecular weight polyubiquitinated proteins with a consequent unresolved ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) stress response. Cytotoxicity was associated with an early biomarker of apoptosis, increased surface annexin V binding. As for cisplatin, BRCA2 and ATM deficiency conferred increased sensitivity to these iRPN13s. Ubiquitination plays an important role in coordinating DNA damage repair and the iRPN13s may compromise this process by depletion of monomeric ubiquitin following its sequestration in high molecular weight polyubiquitinated protein aggregates. Indeed, a synergistic cytotoxic response was evident upon treatment of several ovarian cancer cell lines with either cisplatin or doxorubicin and our new candidate iRPN13s, suggesting that such a combination approach warrants further exploration for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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19
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Chen X, Htet ZM, López-Alfonzo E, Martin A, Walters KJ. Proteasome interaction with ubiquitinated substrates: from mechanisms to therapies. FEBS J 2021; 288:5231-5251. [PMID: 33211406 PMCID: PMC8131406 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is responsible for regulated proteolysis in eukaryotic cells. Its substrates are diverse in structure, function, sequence length, and amino acid composition, and are targeted to the proteasome by post-translational modification with ubiquitin. Ubiquitination occurs through a complex enzymatic cascade and can also signal for other cellular events, unrelated to proteasome-catalyzed degradation. Like other post-translational protein modifications, ubiquitination is reversible, with ubiquitin chain hydrolysis catalyzed by the action of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), ~ 90 of which exist in humans and allow for temporal events and dynamic ubiquitin-chain remodeling. DUBs have been known for decades to be an integral part of the proteasome, as deubiquitination is coupled to substrate unfolding and translocation into the internal degradation chamber. Moreover, the proteasome also binds several ubiquitinating enzymes and shuttle factors that recruit ubiquitinated substrates. The role of this intricate machinery and how ubiquitinated substrates interact with proteasomes remains an area of active investigation. Here, we review what has been learned about the mechanisms used by the proteasome to bind ubiquitinated substrates, substrate shuttle factors, ubiquitination machinery, and DUBs. We also discuss many open questions that require further study or the development of innovative approaches to be answered. Finally, we address the promise of expanded therapeutic targeting that could benefit from such new discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Zaw Min Htet
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Erika López-Alfonzo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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20
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Wang B, Liu W, Jiang X, Li J, Hu X, Li L, Gu Q. Overexpression of ribophorin II is required for viability of nasopharyngeal cancer cells by regulating JAK1/STAT3 activation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:471-477. [PMID: 34184962 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1942038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the role of ribophorin II (RPN2) in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cell survival and death. RPN2 expression was upregulated in 22 human NPC specimens and 5-8F and CNE1 cells compared with that in adjacent normal tissues and normal nasopharyngeal NP69 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS CCK-8 and colony formation assays indicated that the silencing of RPN2 hindered the proliferation and growth of 5-8F and CNE1 cells. RESULTS RPN2 expression was upregulated in 22 human NPC specimens as well as in 5-8F and CNE1 cells compared with that in adjacent normal tissues and NP69 cells. CCK-8 and colony formation assays indicated that the silencing of RPN2 reduced the proliferation and growth of 5-8F and CNE1 cells. Annexin V/PI flow cytometry and Bcl-2/Bax analysis showed that RPN2 silencing led to increased apoptosis. Moreover, JAK1 was found to interact with RPN2, and total JAK1, STAT3, and phosphorylated STAT3 levels were dramatically decreased in cells with RPN2 silencing. Furthermore, the nuclear localization of STAT3 was blocked by the silencing of RPN2. The administration of the STAT3 activator colivelin could offset the inhibitory effect of RPN2 silencing on the survival and apoptosis of NPC cells. CONCLUSION RPN2 is upregulated in NPC tissues or cells, and RPN2 silencing repressed NPC cell proliferation and elicited apoptosis. RPN2 overexpression is possibly associated with JAK1/STAT3 silencing and activation. Finally, RPN2 represents a promising target for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Qianqian Gu
- Department of Geriatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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21
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Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the most complex ATP-dependent protease machinery, of ~2.5 MDa mass, ubiquitously found in all eukaryotes. It selectively degrades ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and plays fundamentally indispensable roles in regulating almost all major aspects of cellular activities. To serve as the sole terminal "processor" for myriad ubiquitylation pathways, the proteasome evolved exceptional adaptability in dynamically organizing a large network of proteins, including ubiquitin receptors, shuttle factors, deubiquitinases, AAA-ATPase unfoldases, and ubiquitin ligases, to enable substrate selectivity and processing efficiency and to achieve regulation precision of a vast diversity of substrates. The inner working of the 26S proteasome is among the most sophisticated, enigmatic mechanisms of enzyme machinery in eukaryotic cells. Recent breakthroughs in three-dimensional atomic-level visualization of the 26S proteasome dynamics during polyubiquitylated substrate degradation elucidated an extensively detailed picture of its functional mechanisms, owing to progressive methodological advances associated with cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Multiple sites of ubiquitin binding in the proteasome revealed a canonical mode of ubiquitin-dependent substrate engagement. The proteasome conformation in the act of substrate deubiquitylation provided insights into how the deubiquitylating activity of RPN11 is enhanced in the holoenzyme and is coupled to substrate translocation. Intriguingly, three principal modes of coordinated ATP hydrolysis in the heterohexameric AAA-ATPase motor were discovered to regulate intermediate functional steps of the proteasome, including ubiquitin-substrate engagement, deubiquitylation, initiation of substrate translocation and processive substrate degradation. The atomic dissection of the innermost working of the 26S proteasome opens up a new era in our understanding of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and has far-reaching implications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Mao
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA. .,School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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22
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Deol KK, Crowe SO, Du J, Bisbee HA, Guenette RG, Strieter ER. Proteasome-Bound UCH37/UCHL5 Debranches Ubiquitin Chains to Promote Degradation. Mol Cell 2020; 80:796-809.e9. [PMID: 33156996 PMCID: PMC7718437 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The linkage, length, and architecture of ubiquitin (Ub) chains are all important variables in providing tight control over many biological paradigms. There are clear roles for branched architectures in regulating proteasome-mediated degradation, but the proteins that selectively recognize and process these atypical chains are unknown. Here, using synthetic and enzyme-derived ubiquitin chains along with intact mass spectrometry, we report that UCH37/UCHL5, a proteasome-associated deubiquitinase, cleaves K48 branched chains. The activity and selectivity toward branched chains is markedly enhanced by the proteasomal Ub receptor RPN13/ADRM1. Using reconstituted proteasome complexes, we find that chain debranching promotes degradation of substrates modified with branched chains under multi-turnover conditions. These results are further supported by proteome-wide pulse-chase experiments, which show that the loss of UCH37 activity impairs global protein turnover. Our work therefore defines UCH37 as a debranching deubiquitinase important for promoting proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirandeep K Deol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sean O Crowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jiale Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Heather A Bisbee
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Robert G Guenette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eric R Strieter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular & Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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23
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Abstract
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The biological responses to dienone compounds with a 1,5-diaryl-3-oxo-1,4-pentadienyl
pharmacophore have been studied extensively. Despite their expected
general thiol reactivity, these compounds display considerable degrees
of tumor cell selectivity. Here we review in vitro and preclinical studies of dienone compounds including b-AP15, VLX1570,
RA-9, RA-190, EF24, HO-3867, and MCB-613. A common property of these
compounds is their targeting of the ubiquitin–proteasome system
(UPS), known to be essential for the viability of tumor cells. Gene
expression profiling experiments have shown induction of responses
characteristic of UPS inhibition, and experiments using cellular reporter
proteins have shown that proteasome inhibition is associated with
cell death. Other mechanisms of action such as reactivation of mutant
p53, stimulation of steroid receptor coactivators, and induction of
protein cross-linking have also been described. Although unsuitable
as biological probes due to widespread reactivity, dienone compounds
are cytotoxic to apoptosis-resistant tumor cells and show activity
in animal tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Chen X, Dorris Z, Shi D, Huang RK, Khant H, Fox T, de Val N, Williams D, Zhang P, Walters KJ. Cryo-EM Reveals Unanchored M1-Ubiquitin Chain Binding at hRpn11 of the 26S Proteasome. Structure 2020; 28:1206-1217.e4. [PMID: 32783951 PMCID: PMC7642156 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is specialized for regulated protein degradation and formed by a dynamic regulatory particle (RP) that caps a hollow cylindrical core particle (CP) where substrates are proteolyzed. Its diverse substrates unify as proteasome targets by ubiquitination. We used cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to study how human 26S proteasome interacts with M1-linked hexaubiquitin (M1-Ub6) unanchored to a substrate and E3 ubiquitin ligase E6AP/UBE3A. Proteasome structures are available with model substrates extending through the RP ATPase ring and substrate-conjugated K63-linked ubiquitin chains present at inhibited deubiquitinating enzyme hRpn11 and the nearby ATPase hRpt4/hRpt5 coiled coil. In this study, we find M1-Ub6 at the hRpn11 site despite the absence of conjugated substrate, indicating that ubiquitin binding at this location does not require substrate interaction with the RP. Moreover, unanchored M1-Ub6 binds to this hRpn11 site of the proteasome with the CP gating residues in both the closed and opened conformational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Zachary Dorris
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Frederick High School, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Dan Shi
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rick K Huang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Htet Khant
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Tara Fox
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Natalia de Val
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Dewight Williams
- John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Kinase Complexes Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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25
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Impact of Losing hRpn13 Pru or UCHL5 on Proteasome Clearance of Ubiquitinated Proteins and RA190 Cytotoxicity. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00122-20. [PMID: 32631902 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00122-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
hRpn13/ADRM1 links substrate recruitment with deubiquitination at the proteasome through its proteasome- and ubiquitin-binding Pru domain and DEUBAD domain, which binds and activates deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) UCHL5/Uch37. Here, we edit the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line to delete part of the hRpn13 Pru, producing cells that express truncated hRpn13 (trRpn13), which is competent for UCHL5 binding but defective for proteasome interaction. trRpn13 cells demonstrate reduced levels of proteasome-bound ubiquitinated proteins, indicating that the loss of hRpn13 function at proteasomes cannot be fully compensated for by the two other dedicated substrate receptors (hRpn1 and hRpn10). Previous studies indicated that the loss of full-length hRpn13 causes a corresponding reduction of UCHL5. We find UCHL5 levels unaltered in trRpn13 cells, but hRpn11 is elevated in ΔhRpn13 and trRpn13 cells, perhaps from cell stress. Despite the ∼90 DUBs in human cells, including two others in addition to UCHL5 at the proteasome, we found deletion of UCHL5 from HCT116 cells to cause increased levels of ubiquitinated proteins in whole-cell extract and at proteasomes, suggesting that UCHL5 activity cannot be fully assumed by other DUBs. We also report anticancer molecule RA190, which binds covalently to hRpn13 and UCHL5, to require hRpn13 Pru and not UCHL5 for cytotoxicity.
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26
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Dickson P, Abegg D, Vinogradova E, Takaya J, An H, Simanski S, Cravatt BF, Adibekian A, Kodadek T. Physical and Functional Analysis of the Putative Rpn13 Inhibitor RA190. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1371-1382.e6. [PMID: 32857985 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rpn13 is one of several ubiquitin receptors in the 26S proteasome. Cys88 of Rpn13 has been proposed to be the principal target of RA190, an electrophilic small molecule with interesting anti-cancer activities. Here, we examine the claim that RA190 mediates its cytotoxic effects through engagement with Rpn13. We find no evidence that this is the case. In vitro, RA190 is has no measurable effect on any of the known interactions of Rpn13. In cellulo, we see no physical engagement of Rpn13 by RA190, either on C88 or any other residue. However, chemical proteomics experiments in two different cell lines reveal that dozens of other proteins are heavily engaged by RA190. Finally, increasing or reducing the level of Rpn13 in HeLa and melanoma cells had no effect on the sensitivity of HeLa or melanoma cells to RA190. We conclude that Rpn13 is not the physiologically relevant target of RA190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Dickson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ekaterina Vinogradova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Junichiro Takaya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hongchan An
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Scott Simanski
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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27
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Dickson P, Simanski S, Ngundu JM, Kodadek T. Mechanistic Studies of the Multiple Myeloma and Melanoma Cell-Selective Toxicity of the Rpn13-Binding Peptoid KDT-11. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1383-1395.e5. [PMID: 32857986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a peptoid ligand for the proteasomal ubiquitin receptor Rpn13 called KDT-11 and demonstrated that this compound is toxic to multiple myeloma cells, but not non-malignant cells. Here, we show that KDT-11 decreases the viability of a variety of cancer cell lines, especially melanomas and various blood cancers. The peptoid induces selective G1 cell-cycle arrest, resulting in eventual apoptosis. While KDT-11 does not antagonize any of the known protein-protein interactions involving Rpn13, the peptoid inhibits the ability of Rpn13 to stimulate the activity of an associated deubiquitylase Uch37/UCHL5 in vitro, suggesting a high level of Uch37 activity might be important for cancer cell proliferation. However, a variety of experiments in SK-MEL-5 melanoma cells suggest that KDT-11's cytotoxic effects are mediated by interactions with proteins other than Rpn13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Dickson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Scott Simanski
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - John Maina Ngundu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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28
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Majumder P, Baumeister W. Proteasomes: unfoldase-assisted protein degradation machines. Biol Chem 2020; 401:183-199. [PMID: 31665105 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteasomes are the principal molecular machines for the regulated degradation of intracellular proteins. These self-compartmentalized macromolecular assemblies selectively degrade misfolded, mistranslated, damaged or otherwise unwanted proteins, and play a pivotal role in the maintenance of cellular proteostasis, in stress response, and numerous other processes of vital importance. Whereas the molecular architecture of the proteasome core particle (CP) is universally conserved, the unfoldase modules vary in overall structure, subunit complexity, and regulatory principles. Proteasomal unfoldases are AAA+ ATPases (ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities) that unfold protein substrates, and translocate them into the CP for degradation. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about proteasome - unfoldase systems in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, the three domains of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Majumder
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Lu M, Tian X, Zhang Y, Aimulajiang K, Wang W, Ehsan M, Li C, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Unveiling the immunomodulatory properties of Haemonchus contortus adhesion regulating molecule 1 interacting with goat T cells. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:424. [PMID: 32811556 PMCID: PMC7432459 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal nematodes could release excretory-secretory (ES) proteins into the host environment to ensure their survival. These ES proteins act as immunomodulators to suppress or subvert the host immune response via the impairment of immune cell functions, especially in chronic infections. In our preliminary study, Haemonchus contortus adhesion-regulating molecule 1 (HcADRM1) was identified from H. contortus ES proteins (HcESPs) that interacted with host T cells via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. However, little is known about HcADRM1 as an ES protein which may play a pivotal role at the parasite-host interface. Methods Based on bioinformatics approaches, multiple amino acid sequence alignment was conducted and the evolutionary relationship of HcADRM1 with ADRM1 orthologues was extrapolated. Employing RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry assays, temporal transcriptional and spatial expression profiles of HcADRM1 were investigated. Using immunostaining approaches integrated with immunological bioassays, the immunomodulatory potentials of HcADRM1 on goat T cells were assessed. Results We hereby demonstrated that HcADRM1 with immunodiagnostic utility was a mammalian ADRM1 orthologue abundantly expressed at all developmental stages of H. contortus. Given the implications of ADRM1 proteins in cell growth, survival and development, we further investigated the immunomodulatory property of HcADRM1 as an individual ES protein acting at the parasite-host interface. The rHcADRM1 stimuli notably suppressed T cell viability, promoted intrinsic and extrinsic T cell apoptosis, inhibited T cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Simultaneously, rHcADRM1 stimuli exerted critical controls on T cell cytokine secretion profiles, predominantly by restraining the secretions of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and interferon-gamma. Conclusions Importantly, HcADRM1 protein may have prophylactic potential for anti-H. contortus vaccine development. Together, these findings may contribute to the clarification of molecular and immunomodulatory traits of ES proteins, as well as improvement of our understanding of parasite immune evasion mechanism in H. contortus-host biology.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Tian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Charles Li
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USA Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Shin JY, Muniyappan S, Tran NN, Park H, Lee SB, Lee BH. Deubiquitination Reactions on the Proteasome for Proteasome Versatility. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5312. [PMID: 32726943 PMCID: PMC7432943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome, a master player in proteolysis, is the most complex and meticulously contextured protease in eukaryotic cells. While capable of hosting thousands of discrete substrates due to the selective recognition of ubiquitin tags, this protease complex is also dynamically checked through diverse regulatory mechanisms. The proteasome's versatility ensures precise control over active proteolysis, yet prevents runaway or futile degradation of many essential cellular proteins. Among the multi-layered processes regulating the proteasome's proteolysis, deubiquitination reactions are prominent because they not only recycle ubiquitins, but also impose a critical checkpoint for substrate degradation on the proteasome. Of note, three distinct classes of deubiquitinating enzymes-USP14, RPN11, and UCH37-are associated with the 19S subunits of the human proteasome. Recent biochemical and structural studies suggest that these enzymes exert dynamic influence over proteasome output with limited redundancy, and at times act in opposition. Such distinct activities occur spatially on the proteasome, temporally through substrate processing, and differentially for ubiquitin topology. Therefore, deubiquitinating enzymes on the proteasome may fine-tune the degradation depending on various cellular contexts and for dynamic proteolysis outcomes. Given that the proteasome is among the most important drug targets, the biology of proteasome-associated deubiquitination should be further elucidated for its potential targeting in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeong Shin
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (S.M.); (N.-N.T.); (H.P.)
- Protein Dynamics-based Proteotoxicity Control Lab, Basic Research Lab, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- Center for Cell Fate Reprogramming & Control, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Srinivasan Muniyappan
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (S.M.); (N.-N.T.); (H.P.)
| | - Non-Nuoc Tran
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (S.M.); (N.-N.T.); (H.P.)
- Protein Dynamics-based Proteotoxicity Control Lab, Basic Research Lab, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- Center for Cell Fate Reprogramming & Control, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Hyeonjeong Park
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (S.M.); (N.-N.T.); (H.P.)
- Protein Dynamics-based Proteotoxicity Control Lab, Basic Research Lab, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Protein Dynamics-based Proteotoxicity Control Lab, Basic Research Lab, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea; (J.Y.S.); (S.M.); (N.-N.T.); (H.P.)
- Protein Dynamics-based Proteotoxicity Control Lab, Basic Research Lab, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
- Center for Cell Fate Reprogramming & Control, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
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Gadhave K, Kumar P, Kapuganti SK, Uversky VN, Giri R. Unstructured Biology of Proteins from Ubiquitin-Proteasome System: Roles in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E796. [PMID: 32455657 PMCID: PMC7278180 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is a large (~2.5 MDa) protein complex consisting of at least 33 different subunits and many other components, which form the ubiquitin proteasomal system (UPS), an ATP-dependent protein degradation system in the cell. UPS serves as an essential component of the cellular protein surveillance machinery, and its dysfunction leads to cancer, neurodegenerative and immunological disorders. Importantly, the functions and regulations of proteins are governed by the combination of ordered regions, intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) and molecular recognition features (MoRFs). The structure-function relationships of UPS components have not been identified completely; therefore, in this study, we have carried out the functional intrinsic disorder and MoRF analysis for potential neurodegenerative disease and anti-cancer targets of this pathway. Our report represents the presence of significant intrinsic disorder and disorder-based binding regions in several UPS proteins, such as extraproteasomal polyubiquitin receptors (UBQLN1 and UBQLN2), proteasome-associated polyubiquitin receptors (ADRM1 and PSMD4), deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) (ATXN3 and USP14), and ubiquitinating enzymes (E2 (UBE2R2) and E3 (STUB1) enzyme). We believe this study will have implications for the conformation-specific roles of different regions of these proteins. This will lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of UPS-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundlik Gadhave
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India; (K.G.); (P.K.); (S.K.K.)
| | - Prateek Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India; (K.G.); (P.K.); (S.K.K.)
| | - Shivani K. Kapuganti
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India; (K.G.); (P.K.); (S.K.K.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Cientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rajanish Giri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, VPO Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India; (K.G.); (P.K.); (S.K.K.)
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Proteomic analysis identifies mechanism(s) of overcoming bortezomib resistance via targeting ubiquitin receptor Rpn13. Leukemia 2020; 35:550-561. [PMID: 32424294 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our prior study showed that inhibition of 19S proteasome-associated ubiquitin receptor Rpn13 can overcome bortezomib resistance in MM cells. Here, we performed proteomic analysis of Rpn13 inhibitor (RA190)-treated MM cells and identified an antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD1) as a mediator of Rpn13 signaling. SOD1 levels are higher in MM patient cells versus normal PBMCs; and importantly, SOD1 expression correlates with the progression of disease and shorter survival. Functional validation studies show that RA190-induced cytotoxicity in bortezomib-sensitive and -resistant MM cells is associated with decrease in SOD1 levels; conversely, forced expression of SOD1 inhibits RA190-induced cell death. Genetic knockdown and biochemical blockade of SOD1 with LCS-1 sensitizes bortezomib-resistant MM cells to bortezomib. SOD1 inhibitor LCS-1 decreases viability in MM cell lines and patient cells. LCS-1-induced cell death is associated with: (1) increase in superoxide and ROS levels; (2) activation of caspases, and p53/p21 signaling; (3) decrease in MCL-1, BCLxL, CDC2, cyclin-B1, and c-Myc; (4) ER stress response; and (5) inhibition of proteasome function. In animal model studies, LCS-1 inhibits xenografted bortezomib-resistant human MM cell growth and prolongs host survival. Our studies therefore show that targeting Rpn13 overcomes bortezomib resistance by decreasing cellular SOD1 levels, and provide the rationale for novel therapeutics targeting SOD1 to improve patient outcome in MM.
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Soong RS, Anchoori RK, Roden RBS, Cho RL, Chen YC, Tseng SC, Huang YL, Liao PC, Shyu YC. Bis-benzylidine Piperidone RA190 treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma via binding RPN13 and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:386. [PMID: 32375699 PMCID: PMC7201939 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to GLOBOSCAN, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) claimed 782,000 lives in 2018. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sofafenib is used to treat HCC, but new anticancer agents targeting different pathways are urgently needed to improve outcomes for patients with advanced disease. The aberrant metabolism and aggressive growth of cancer cells can render them particularly susceptible to proteasome inhibition, as demonstrated by bortezomib treatment of multiple myeloma. However, resistance does emerge, and this 20S proteasome inhibitor has not proven active against HCC. The bis-benzylidine piperidone RA190 represents a novel class of proteasome inhibitor that covalently binds to cysteine 88 of RPN13, an ubiquitin receptor subunit of the proteasome's 19S regulatory particle. RA190 treatment inhibits proteasome function, causing rapid accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins. Considerable evidence suggests that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, which is dependent upon the proteasome, is a major driver of inflammation-associated cancers, including HCC. METHODS Human HCC cell lines were treated with titrations of RA190. The time course of endoplasmic reticulum stress and NF-κB-related mechanisms by which RA190 may trigger apoptosis were assessed. The therapeutic activity of RA190 was also determined in an orthotopic HCC xenograft mouse model. RESULTS RA190 is toxic to HCC cells and synergizes with sofafenib. RA190 triggers rapid accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins, unresolved endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell death via apoptosis. RA190 blocks proteasomal degradation of IκBα and consequent release of NF-κB into the nuclei of HCC cells. Treatment of mice bearing an orthotopic HCC model with RA190 significantly reduced tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS RA190 has therapeutic activity in a xenograft model, and with sorafenib exhibited synergetic killing of HCC cells in vitro, suggesting further exploration of such a combination treatment of HCC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Shyang Soong
- Department of General Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Medical College Taoyuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.200, Ln 208, Jijin 1st Rd, Anle Dist, 204, Keelung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ravi K Anchoori
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rou-Ling Cho
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.200, Ln 208, Jijin 1st Rd, Anle Dist, 204, Keelung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Tseng
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.200, Ln 208, Jijin 1st Rd, Anle Dist, 204, Keelung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun-Li Huang
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.200, Ln 208, Jijin 1st Rd, Anle Dist, 204, Keelung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Cheng Liao
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.200, Ln 208, Jijin 1st Rd, Anle Dist, 204, Keelung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chiau Shyu
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.200, Ln 208, Jijin 1st Rd, Anle Dist, 204, Keelung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhang Z, Hu X, Kuang J, Liao J, Yuan Q. LncRNA DRAIC inhibits proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells through interfering with NFRKB deubiquitination mediated by UCHL5. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:29. [PMID: 32351584 PMCID: PMC7183705 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as a widespread and pivotal epigenetic molecule participates in the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors. DRAIC, a kind of lncRNA whose coding gene location is on 15q23 chromatin, has been found to be weakly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and acts as a suppressor, but its characteristics and role in gastric cancer (GC) remain to be elucidated. Methods Sixty-seven primary GC tissues and paired paracancerous normal tissues were collected. Bioinformatics is used to predict the interaction molecules of DRAIC. DRAIC and NFRKB were overexpressed or interfered exogenously in GC cells by lentivirus or transient transfection. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting were used to evaluate the expression of DRAIC, UCHL5 and NFRKB. The combinations of DRAIC and NFRKB or UCHL5 and NFRKB were verified by RNA-IP and Co-IP assays. Ubiquitination-IP and the treatment of MG132 and CHX were used to detect the ubiquitylation level of NFRKB. The CCK-8 and transwell invasion and migration assays measured the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. Results DRAIC is down-regulated in GC tissues and cell lines while its potential interacting molecules UCHL5 and NFRKB are up-regulated, and DRAIC is positively correlated with NFRKB protein instead of mRNA. Lower DRAIC and higher UCHL5 and NFRKB indicated advanced progression of GC patients. DRAIC could increase NFRKB protein significantly instead of NFRKB mRNA and UCHL5, and bind to UCHL5. DRAIC combined with UCHL5 and attenuated binding of UCHL5 and NFRKB, meanwhile promoting the degradation of NFRKB via ubiquitination, and then inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells, which can be rescued by oeNFRKB. Conclusion DRAIC suppresses GC proliferation and metastasis via interfering with the combination of UCHL5 and NFRKB and mediating ubiquitination degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan Province China
| | - Xiaoxuan Hu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan Province China
| | - Jia Kuang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan Province China
| | - Jinmao Liao
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan Province China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan Province China
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Wu T, Cao H, Liu L, Peng K. Identification of Key Genes and Pathways for Enchondromas by Bioinformatics Analysis. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820907536. [PMID: 32284694 PMCID: PMC7137642 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820907536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The risk of malignant transformation of enchondromas (EC) toward central chondrosarcoma is increased up to 35%, while the exact etiology of EC is unknown. The purpose of this research was to authenticate gene signatures during EC and reveal their potential mechanisms in occurrence and development of EC. Methods: The gene expression profiles was acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus database (no. GSE22855). The gene ontology (GO), protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results: Finally, 242 DEGs were appraisal, containing 200 overregulated genes and 42 downregulated genes. The outcomes of GO analysis indicated that upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in several biological processes containing response to hypoxia, calcium ion, and negative regulation extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. Furthermore, the upregulated DEGs were enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome, which was analyzed by KEGG pathway. From the PPI network, the top 10 hub genes were identified, which were related to significant pathways containing ribosome, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, and ECM-receptor interaction. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study may be helpful for understanding the diagnostic biomarkers of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Bethune hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Honghai Cao
- The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pain, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kan Peng
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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The CCDC43-ADRM1 axis regulated by YY1, promotes proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 482:90-101. [PMID: 32278016 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown an association between coiled-coil domain-containing (CCDC) genes and different cancers. Our previous studies revealed that CCDC43 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer, but the expression and molecular mechanisms of CCDC43 in gastric cancer (GC) are yet to be determined. Here, we show that CCDC43 is overexpressed in gastric tissues. CCDC43 expression is closely related to tumor differentiation, lymph-node-metastasis, and prognosis of gastric cancer. Overexpression of CCDC43 promotes the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of GC cells. CCDC43 may upregulate and stabilize ADRM1, resulting in the construction of the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome. In contrast, inhibition of ADRM1 could reverse the function of CCDC43 in GC both in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate that transcription factor YY1 directly binds to CCDC43 and ADRM1 gene promoters, leading to over-expression of CCDC43 and ADRM1. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrate that knock down of CCDC43 or ADRM1 attenuates the YY1-mediated malignant phenotypes. Finally, the association among YY1, CCDC43 and ADRM1 is validated in clinical samples. Our findings suggest that the CCDC43-ADRM1 axis regulated by YY1, promotes proliferation and metastasis of GC, and the axis may be a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Zhang X, Linder S, Bazzaro M. Drug Development Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) for the Treatment of Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040902. [PMID: 32272746 PMCID: PMC7226376 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by a higher rate of protein turnover and greater demand for protein homeostasis compared to normal cells. In this scenario, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is responsible for the degradation of over 80% of cellular proteins within mammalian cells, becomes vital to cancer cells, making the UPS a critical target for the discovery of novel cancer therapeutics. This review systematically categorizes all current reported small molecule inhibitors of the various essential components of the UPS, including ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), ubiquitin ligases (E3s), the 20S proteasome catalytic core particle (20S CP) and the 19S proteasome regulatory particles (19S RP), as well as their mechanism/s of action and limitations. We also discuss the immunoproteasome which is considered as a prospective therapeutic target of the next generation of proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Inhibition of USP14 and UCH37 deubiquitinating activity by b-AP15 as a potential therapy for tumors with p53 deficiency. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:30. [PMID: 32296042 PMCID: PMC7109122 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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CRISPR-based gene knockout screens reveal deubiquitinases involved in HIV-1 latency in two Jurkat cell models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5350. [PMID: 32210344 PMCID: PMC7093534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The major barrier to a HIV-1 cure is the persistence of latent genomes despite treatment with antiretrovirals. To investigate host factors which promote HIV-1 latency, we conducted a genome-wide functional knockout screen using CRISPR-Cas9 in a HIV-1 latency cell line model. This screen identified IWS1, POLE3, POLR1B, PSMD1, and TGM2 as potential regulators of HIV-1 latency, of which PSMD1 and TMG2 could be confirmed pharmacologically. Further investigation of PSMD1 revealed that an interacting enzyme, the deubiquitinase UCH37, was also involved in HIV-1 latency. We therefore conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the deubiquitinase family by gene knockout, identifying several deubiquitinases, UCH37, USP14, OTULIN, and USP5 as possible HIV-1 latency regulators. A specific inhibitor of USP14, IU1, reversed HIV-1 latency and displayed synergistic effects with other latency reversal agents. IU1 caused degradation of TDP-43, a negative regulator of HIV-1 transcription. Collectively, this study is the first comprehensive evaluation of deubiquitinases in HIV-1 latency and establishes that they may hold a critical role.
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40
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Lu X, Ebelle DL, Matsuo H, Walters KJ. An Extended Conformation for K48 Ubiquitin Chains Revealed by the hRpn2:Rpn13:K48-Diubiquitin Structure. Structure 2020; 28:495-506.e3. [PMID: 32160516 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rpn13/Adrm1 is recruited to the proteasome by PSMD1/Rpn2, where it serves as a substrate receptor that binds preferentially to K48-linked ubiquitin chains, an established signal for protein proteolysis. Here, we use NMR to solve the structure of hRpn13 Pru:hRpn2 (940-953):K48-diubiquitin. Surprisingly, hRpn2-bound hRpn13 selects a dynamic, extended conformation of K48-diubiquitin that is unique from previously determined structures. NMR experiments on free K48-diubiquitin demonstrate the presence of the reported "closed" conformation observed by crystallography, but also this more extended state, in which the hRpn13-binding surface is exposed. This extended K48-diubiquitin conformation is defined by interactions between L73 from G76-linked (distal) ubiquitin and a Y59-centered surface of K48-linked (proximal) ubiquitin. Furthermore, hRpn13 exchanges between the two ubiquitins within 100 ms, although prefers the proximal ubiquitin due to interactions with the K48 linker region. Altogether, these data lead to a revised model of how ubiquitinated substrates interact with the proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Lu
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Danielle L Ebelle
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hiroshi Matsuo
- Basic Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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41
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Buel GR, Chen X, Chari R, O'Neill MJ, Ebelle DL, Jenkins C, Sridharan V, Tarasov SG, Tarasova NI, Andresson T, Walters KJ. Structure of E3 ligase E6AP with a proteasome-binding site provided by substrate receptor hRpn10. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1291. [PMID: 32157086 PMCID: PMC7064531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated proteolysis by proteasomes involves ~800 enzymes for substrate modification with ubiquitin, including ~600 E3 ligases. We report here that E6AP/UBE3A is distinguished from other E3 ligases by having a 12 nM binding site at the proteasome contributed by substrate receptor hRpn10/PSMD4/S5a. Intrinsically disordered by itself, and previously uncharacterized, the E6AP-binding domain in hRpn10 locks into a well-defined helical structure to form an intermolecular 4-helix bundle with the E6AP AZUL, which is unique to this E3. We thus name the hRpn10 AZUL-binding domain RAZUL. We further find in human cells that loss of RAZUL by CRISPR-based gene editing leads to loss of E6AP at proteasomes. Moreover, proteasome-associated ubiquitin is reduced following E6AP knockdown or displacement from proteasomes, suggesting that E6AP ubiquitinates substrates at or for the proteasome. Altogether, our findings indicate E6AP to be a privileged E3 for the proteasome, with a dedicated, high affinity binding site contributed by hRpn10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen R Buel
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Maura J O'Neill
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Danielle L Ebelle
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Conor Jenkins
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Vinidhra Sridharan
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sergey G Tarasov
- Biophysics Resource, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nadya I Tarasova
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Kylie J Walters
- Protein Processing Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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42
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Proteasome Inhibitors: Harnessing Proteostasis to Combat Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030671. [PMID: 32033280 PMCID: PMC7037493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is the central component of the main cellular protein degradation pathway. During the past four decades, the critical function of the proteasome in numerous physiological processes has been revealed, and proteasome activity has been linked to various human diseases. The proteasome prevents the accumulation of misfolded proteins, controls the cell cycle, and regulates the immune response, to name a few important roles for this macromolecular "machine." As a therapeutic target, proteasome inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. However, inability to sufficiently inhibit proteasome activity at tolerated doses has hampered efforts to expand the scope of proteasome inhibitor-based therapies. With emerging new modalities in myeloma, it might seem challenging to develop additional proteasome-based therapies. However, the constant development of new applications for proteasome inhibitors and deeper insights into the intricacies of protein homeostasis suggest that proteasome inhibitors might have novel therapeutic applications. Herein, we summarize the latest advances in proteasome inhibitor development and discuss the future of proteasome inhibitors and other proteasome-based therapies in combating human diseases.
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43
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Anchoori RK, Tan M, Tseng SH, Peng S, Soong RS, Algethami A, Foran P, Das S, Wang C, Wang TL, Liang H, Hung CF, Roden RBS. Structure-function analyses of candidate small molecule RPN13 inhibitors with antitumor properties. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227727. [PMID: 31940398 PMCID: PMC6961910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to design ubiquitin-proteasome system inhibitors active against solid cancers by targeting ubiquitin receptor RPN13 within the proteasome’s 19S regulatory particle. The prototypic bis-benzylidine piperidone-based inhibitor RA190 is a michael acceptor that adducts Cysteine 88 of RPN13. In probing the pharmacophore, we showed the benefit of the central nitrogen-bearing piperidone ring moiety compared to a cyclohexanone, the importance of the span of the aromatic wings from the central enone-piperidone ring, the contribution of both wings, and that substituents with stronger electron withdrawing groups were more cytotoxic. Potency was further enhanced by coupling of a second warhead to the central nitrogen-bearing piperidone as RA375 exhibited ten-fold greater activity against cancer lines than RA190, reflecting its nitro ring substituents and the addition of a chloroacetamide warhead. Treatment with RA375 caused a rapid and profound accumulation of high molecular weight polyubiquitinated proteins and reduced intracellular glutathione levels, which produce endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress, and trigger apoptosis. RA375 was highly active against cell lines of multiple myeloma and diverse solid cancers, and demonstrated a wide therapeutic window against normal cells. For cervical and head and neck cancer cell lines, those associated with human papillomavirus were significantly more sensitive to RA375. While ARID1A-deficiency also enhanced sensitivity 4-fold, RA375 was active against all ovarian cancer cell lines tested. RA375 inhibited proteasome function in muscle for >72h after single i.p. administration to mice, and treatment reduced tumor burden and extended survival in mice carrying an orthotopic human xenograft derived from a clear cell ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K. Anchoori
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marietta Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruey-Shyang Soong
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aliyah Algethami
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Palmer Foran
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard B. S. Roden
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Ma YS, Wang XF, Zhang YJ, Luo P, Long HD, Li L, Yang HQ, Xie RT, Jia CY, Lu GX, Chang ZY, Zhang JJ, Xue SB, Lv ZW, Yu F, Xia Q, Fu D. Inhibition of USP14 Deubiquitinating Activity as a Potential Therapy for Tumors with p53 Deficiency. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 16:147-157. [PMID: 32055678 PMCID: PMC7005481 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Functional elimination of p53 is a common feature of a large percentage of human malignancies. Here, we report the development of a pharmacological strategy aimed at restoring p53 function and its use for targeted therapy in p53-deficient mice. Specific inhibition of deubiquitinases ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14) resulted in durable tumor regressions of autochthonous lymphomas and sarcomas in p53-deficient mice without affecting normal tissues, and therapeutic response was correlated with an increase in the ubiquitination of constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome subunit 5 (COPS5), a key negative regulatory effector for p53. Inhibition of USP14 resulted in durable tumor regression through COPS5 deubiquitilation and a p53-dependent and -independent regulation mechanism by USP14. This series highlights the utility of proteasome deubiquitinating activity inhibition as a novel treatment paradigm for p53-deficient cancers. In addition, it provides preliminary evidence that inhibition of USP14 resulted in durable tumor regression through COPS5 deubiquitilation and p53-dependent and -independent regulation mechanism by USP14. These findings suggest that the deubiquitinating activity of the 19S regulatory particle is a new anticancer drug target for patients with p53 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shui Ma
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pei Luo
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui-Deng Long
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liu Li
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui-Qiong Yang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ru-Ting Xie
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Cheng-You Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Gai-Xia Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Chang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shao-Bo Xue
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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45
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Repurposing old drugs as new inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:105-122. [PMID: 31883910 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in the degradation of cellular proteins. Targeting protein degradation has been validated as an effective strategy for cancer therapy since 2003. Several components of the UPS have been validated as potential anticancer targets, including 20S proteasomes, 19S proteasome-associated deubiquitinases (DUBs) and ubiquitin ligases (E3s). 20S proteasome inhibitors (such as bortezomib/BTZ and carfilzomib/CFZ) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and some other liquid tumors. Although survival of MM patients has been improved by the introduction of BTZ-based therapies, these clinical 20S proteasome inhibitors have several limitations, including emergence of resistance in MM patients, neuro-toxicities, and little efficacy in solid tumors. One of strategies to improve the current status of cancer treatment is to repurpose old drugs with UPS-inhibitory properties as new anticancer agents. Old drug reposition represents an attractive drug discovery approach compared to the traditional de novo drug discovery process which is time-consuming and costly. In this review, we summarize status of repurposed inhibitors of various UPS components, including 20S proteasomes, 19S-associated DUBs, and ubiquitin ligase E3s. The original and new mechanisms of action, molecular targets, and potential anticancer activities of these repurposed UPS inhibitors are reviewed, and their new uses including combinational therapies for cancer treatment are discussed.
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46
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Cundiff MD, Hurley CM, Wong JD, Boscia JA, Bashyal A, Rosenberg J, Reichard EL, Nassif ND, Brodbelt JS, Kraut DA. Ubiquitin receptors are required for substrate-mediated activation of the proteasome's unfolding ability. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14506. [PMID: 31601863 PMCID: PMC6787058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is responsible for the bulk of protein degradation in eukaryotic cells, but the factors that cause different substrates to be unfolded and degraded to different extents are still poorly understood. We previously showed that polyubiquitinated substrates were degraded with greater processivity (with a higher tendency to be unfolded and degraded than released) than ubiquitin-independent substrates. Thus, even though ubiquitin chains are removed before unfolding and degradation occur, they affect the unfolding of a protein domain. How do ubiquitin chains activate the proteasome’s unfolding ability? We investigated the roles of the three intrinsic proteasomal ubiquitin receptors - Rpn1, Rpn10 and Rpn13 - in this activation. We find that these receptors are required for substrate-mediated activation of the proteasome’s unfolding ability. Rpn13 plays the largest role, but there is also partial redundancy between receptors. The architecture of substrate ubiquitination determines which receptors are needed for maximal unfolding ability, and, in some cases, simultaneous engagement of ubiquitin by multiple receptors may be required. Our results suggest physical models for how ubiquitin receptors communicate with the proteasomal motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D Cundiff
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Christina M Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Jeremy D Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Joseph A Boscia
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Aarti Bashyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jake Rosenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Eden L Reichard
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Nicholas D Nassif
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.,Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, 1650 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY, 10457, USA
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Daniel A Kraut
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
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47
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Gottlieb CD, Thompson ACS, Ordureau A, Harper JW, Kopito RR. Acute unfolding of a single protein immediately stimulates recruitment of ubiquitin protein ligase E3C (UBE3C) to 26S proteasomes. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16511-16524. [PMID: 31375563 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular accumulation of aggregated misfolded proteins is a cytopathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the functional relationship between protein misfolding or aggregation and the cellular proteostasis network that monitors and maintains proteome health is poorly understood. Previous studies have associated translational suppression and transcriptional remodeling with the appearance of protein aggregates, but whether these responses are induced by aggregates or their misfolded monomeric or oligomeric precursors remains unclear. Because aggregation in cells is rapid, nonlinear, and asynchronous, it has not been possible to deconvolve these kinetically linked processes to determine the earliest cellular responses to misfolded proteins. Upon removal of the synthetic, biologically inert ligand shield-1 (S1), AgDD, an engineered variant FK506-binding protein (FKBP1A), rapidly (t ½ ∼5 min) unfolds and self-associates, forming detergent-insoluble, microscopic cytoplasmic aggregates. Using global diglycine-capture (K-GG) proteomics, we found here that this solubility transition is associated with immediate increases in ubiquitylation of AgDD itself, along with that of endogenous proteins that are components of the ribosome and the 26S proteasome. We also found that the earliest cellular responses to acute S1 removal include recruitment of ubiquitin protein ligase E3C (UBE3C) to the 26S proteasome and ubiquitylation of two key proteasomal ubiquitin receptors, 26S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN10 (RPN10) and Rpn13 homolog (RPN13 or ADRM1). We conclude that these proteasomal responses are due to AgDD protein misfolding and not to the presence of detergent-insoluble aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D Gottlieb
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | | | - Alban Ordureau
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ron R Kopito
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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48
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Muli CS, Tian W, Trader DJ. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Proteasome's Regulatory Particle. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1739-1753. [PMID: 30740849 PMCID: PMC6765334 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells need to synthesize and degrade proteins consistently. Maintaining a balanced level of protein in the cell requires a carefully controlled system and significant energy. Degradation of unwanted or damaged proteins into smaller peptide units can be accomplished by the proteasome. The proteasome is composed of two main subunits. The first is the core particle (20S CP), and within this core particle are three types of threonine proteases. The second is the regulatory complex (19S RP), which has a myriad of activities including recognizing proteins marked for degradation and shuttling the protein into the 20S CP to be degraded. Small-molecule inhibitors of the 20S CP have been developed and are exceptional treatments for multiple myeloma (MM). 20S CP inhibitors disrupt the protein balance, leading to cellular stress and eventually to cell death. Unfortunately, the 20S CP inhibitors currently available have dose-limiting off-target effects and resistance can be acquired rapidly. Herein, we discuss small molecules that have been discovered to interact with the 19S RP subunit or with a protein closely associated with 19S RP activity. These molecules still elicit their toxicity by preventing the proteasome from degrading proteins, but do so through different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S. Muli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Darci J. Trader
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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49
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Hemmis CW, Heard SC, Hill CP. Phosphorylation of Tyr-950 in the proteasome scaffolding protein RPN2 modulates its interaction with the ubiquitin receptor RPN13. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9659-9665. [PMID: 31064842 PMCID: PMC6597823 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ac119.008881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein substrates are targeted to the 26S proteasome through several ubiquitin receptors. One of these receptors, RPN13, is recruited to the proteasome by binding of its N-terminal pleckstrin-like receptor of ubiquitin (PRU) domain to C-terminal residues of the scaffolding protein RPN2. The RPN13 PRU domain is followed by a flexible linker and a C-terminal deubiquitylase adaptor (DEUBAD) domain, which recruits and activates the deubiquitylase UCH37. Both RPN13 and UCH37 have been implicated in human cancers, and inhibitors of the RPN2-RPN13 interaction are being developed as potential therapeutic anticancer agents. Our current study builds on the recognition that a residue central to the RPN2-RPN13 interaction, RPN2 Tyr-950, is phosphorylated in Jurkat cells. We found that the Tyr-950 phosphorylation enhances binding to RPN13. The crystal structure of the RPN2-RPN13 pTyr-950-ubiquitin complex was determined at 1.76-Å resolution and reveals specific interactions with positively charged side chains in RPN13 that explain how phosphorylation increases binding affinity without inducing conformational change. Mutagenesis and quantitative binding assays were then used to validate the crystallographic interface. Our findings support a model in which RPN13 recruitment to the proteasome is enhanced by phosphorylation of RPN2 Tyr-950, have important implications for efforts to develop specific inhibitors of the RPN2-RPN13 interaction, and suggest the existence of a previously unknown stress-response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie C Heard
- Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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50
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Non-Proteasomal UbL-UbA Family of Proteins in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081893. [PMID: 30999567 PMCID: PMC6514573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like/ubiquitin-associated proteins (UbL-UbA) are a well-studied family of non-proteasomal ubiquitin receptors that are evolutionarily conserved across species. Members of this non-homogenous family facilitate and support proteasomal activity by promoting different effects on proteostasis but exhibit diverse extra-proteasomal activities. Dysfunctional UbL-UbA proteins render cells, particularly neurons, more susceptible to stressors or aging and may cause earlier neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarized the properties and functions of UbL-UbA family members identified to date, with an emphasis on new findings obtained using Drosophila models showing a direct or indirect role in some neurodegenerative diseases.
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