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Sojecka AA, Drozd-Rzoska A. Global population: from Super-Malthus behavior to Doomsday criticality. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9853. [PMID: 38684786 PMCID: PMC11058850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The report discusses global population changes from the Holocene beginning to 2023, via two Super Malthus (SM) scaling equations. SM-1 is the empowered exponential dependence: P t = P 0 e x p ± t / τ β , and SM-2 is the Malthus-type relation with the time-dependent growth rate r ( t ) or relaxation time τ ( t ) = 1 / r ( t ) : P t = P 0 e x p r t × t = P 0 e x p τ t / t . Population data from a few sources were numerically filtered to obtain a 'smooth' dataset, allowing the distortions-sensitive and derivative-based analysis. The test recalling SM-1 equation revealed the essential transition near the year 1970 (population: ~ 3 billion): from the compressed exponential behavior ( β > 1 ) to the stretched exponential one ( β < 1 ). For SM-2 dependence, linear changes of τ T during the Industrial Revolutions period, since ~ 1700, led to the constrained critical behavior P t = P 0 e x p b ' t / T C - t , whereT C ≈ 2216 is the extrapolated year of the infinite population. The link to the 'hyperbolic' von Foerster Doomsday equation is shown. Results are discussed in the context of complex systems physics, the Weibull distribution in extreme value theory, and significant historic and prehistoric issues revealed by the distortions-sensitive analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Angelika Sojecka
- Department of Marketing, University of Economics in Katowice, ul. 1 Maja 50, 40-257, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Gao N, Yang Y, Wang Z, Guo X, Jiang S, Li J, Hu Y, Liu Z, Xu C. Viscosity of Ionic Liquids: Theories and Models. Chem Rev 2024; 124:27-123. [PMID: 38156796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) offer a wide range of promising applications due to their unique and designable properties compared to conventional solvents. Further development and application of ILs require correlating/predicting their pressure-viscosity-temperature behavior. In this review, we firstly introduce methods for calculation of thermodynamic inputs of viscosity models. Next, we introduce theories, theoretical and semi-empirical models coupling various theories with EoSs or activity coefficient models, and empirical and phenomenological models for viscosity of pure ILs and IL-related mixtures. Our modelling description is followed immediately by model application and performance. Then, we propose simple predictive equations for viscosity of IL-related mixtures and systematically compare performances of the above-mentioned theories and models. In concluding remarks, we recommend robust predictive models for viscosity at atmospheric pressure as well as proper and consistent theories and models for P-η-T behavior. The work that still remains to be done to obtain the desired theories and models for viscosity of ILs and IL-related mixtures is also presented. The present review is structured from pure ILs to IL-related mixtures and aims to summarize and quantitatively discuss the recent advances in theoretical and empirical modelling of viscosity of ILs and IL-related mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and High Pressure Fluid Phase Behavior & Property Research Laboratory, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and High Pressure Fluid Phase Behavior & Property Research Laboratory, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and High Pressure Fluid Phase Behavior & Property Research Laboratory, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and High Pressure Fluid Phase Behavior & Property Research Laboratory, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- Sinopec Engineering Incorporation, Beijing 100195, P. R. China
| | - Jisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and High Pressure Fluid Phase Behavior & Property Research Laboratory, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and High Pressure Fluid Phase Behavior & Property Research Laboratory, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum Beijing at Karamay, Karamay 834000, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and High Pressure Fluid Phase Behavior & Property Research Laboratory, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and High Pressure Fluid Phase Behavior & Property Research Laboratory, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
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3
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Phase Equilibria and Critical Behavior in Nematogenic MBBA-Isooctane Monotectic-Type Mixtures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032065. [PMID: 36768388 PMCID: PMC9916662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from the isotropic (I) liquid to the nematic-type (N) uniaxial phase appearing as the consequence of the elongated geometry of elements seems to be a universal phenomenon for many types of suspensions, from solid nano-rods to biological particles based colloids. Rod-like thermotropic nematogenic liquid crystalline (LC) compounds and their mixtures with a molecular solvent (Sol) can be a significant reference for this category, enabling insights into universal features. The report presents studies in 4'-methoxybenzylidene-4-n-butylaniline (MBBA) and isooctane (Sol) mixtures, for which the monotectic-type phase diagram was found. There are two biphasic regions (i) for the low (TP1, isotropic liquid-nematic coexistence), and (ii) high (TP2, liquid-liquid coexistence) concentrations of isooctane. For both domains, biphasic coexistence curves' have been discussed and parameterized. For TP2 it is related to the order parameter and diameter tests. Notable is the anomalous mean-field type behavior near the critical consolute temperature. Regarding the isotropic liquid phase, critical opalescence has been detected above both biphasic regions. For TP2 it starts ca. 20 K above the critical consolute temperature. The nature of pretransitional fluctuations in the isotropic liquid phase was tested via nonlinear dielectric effect (NDE) measurements. It is classic (mean-field) above TP1 and non-classic above the TP2 domain. The long-standing problem regarding the non-critical background effect was solved to reach this result.
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Zhang DM, Sun DY, Gong XG. Angell plot from the potential energy landscape perspective. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064129. [PMID: 36671189 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Within the scenario of the potential energy landscape (PEL), a thermodynamic model has been developed to uncover the physics behind the Angell plot. In our model, by separating the barrier distribution in PELs into a Gaussian-like and a power-law form, we obtain a general relationship between the relaxation time and the temperature. The wide range of the experimental data in the Angell plot, as well as the molecular-dynamics data, can be excellently fitted by two characteristic parameters, the effective barrier (ω) and the effective width (σ) of a Gaussian-like distribution. More importantly, the fitted ω and σ^{2} for all glasses are found to have a simple linear relationship within a very narrow band, and fragile and strong glasses are well separated in the ω-σ^{2} plot, which indicates that glassy states appear only in a specific region of the PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Institute of Computational Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - D Y Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument (MOE), School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Qi Zhi Institution, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - X G Gong
- Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Institute of Computational Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Qi Zhi Institution, Shanghai 200030, China
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5
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New paradigm for configurational entropy in glass-forming systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3058. [PMID: 35197481 PMCID: PMC8866542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that on cooling towards glass transition configurational entropy exhibits more significant changes than predicted by classic relation. A universal formula according to Kauzmann temperature [Formula: see text] is given: [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. The exponent [Formula: see text] is hypothetically linked to dominated local symmetry. Such a behaviour is coupled to previtreous evolution of heat capacity [Formula: see text] associated with finite temperature singularity. These lead to generalised VFT relation, for which the basic equation is retrieved. For many glass-formers, basic VFT equation may have only an effective meaning. A universal-like reliability of the Stickel operator analysis for detecting dynamic crossover phenomenon is also questioned. Notably, distortions-sensitive and derivative-based analysis focused on previtreous changes of configurational entropy and heat capacity for glycerol, ethanol and liquid crystal is applied.
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6
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Starzonek S, Drozd-Rzoska A, Rzoska SJ. Long-Range Static and Dynamic Previtreous Effects in Supercooled Squalene-Impact of Strong Electric Field. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195811. [PMID: 34641355 PMCID: PMC8510216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents evidence for the long-range previtreous changes of two static properties: the dielectric constant (ε) and its strong electric field related counterpart, the nonlinear dielectric effect (NDE). Important evidence is provided for the functional characterizations of ε(T) temperature changes by the ‘Mossotti Catastrophe’ formula, as well as for the NDE vs. T evolution by the relations resembling those developed for critical liquids. The analysis of the dynamic properties, based on the activation energy index, excluded the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) relation as a validated tool for portraying the evolution of the primary relaxation time. This result questions the commonly applied ‘Stickel operator’ routine as the most reliable tool for determining the dynamic crossover temperature. In particular, the strong electric field radically affects the distribution of the relaxation times, the form of the evolution of the primary relaxation time, and the fragility. The results obtained in this paper support the concept of a possible semi-continuous phase transition hidden below Tg. The studies were carried out in supercooled squalene, a material with an extremely low electric conductivity, a strongly elongated molecule, and which is vitally important for biology and medicine related issues.
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Martinez-Garcia JC, Serraïma-Ferrer A, Lopeandía-Fernández A, Lattuada M, Sapkota J, Rodríguez-Viejo J. A Generalized Approach for Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced with Spherical Fillers. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040830. [PMID: 33804996 PMCID: PMC8063949 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effective mechanical reinforcement of polymeric nanocomposites containing spherical particle fillers is predicted based on a generalized analytical three-phase-series-parallel model, considering the concepts of percolation and the interfacial glassy region. While the concept of percolation is solely taken as a contribution of the filler-network, we herein show that the glassy interphase between filler and matrix, which is often in the nanometers range, is also to be considered while interpreting enhanced mechanical properties of particulate filled polymeric nanocomposites. To demonstrate the relevance of the proposed generalized equation, we have fitted several experimental results which show a good agreement with theoretical predictions. Thus, the approach presented here can be valuable to elucidate new possible conceptual routes for the creation of new materials with fundamental technological applications and can open a new research avenue for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar Martinez-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Nanomaterials and Microsystems Group, GNaM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.S.-F.); (A.L.-F.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.M.-G.); (J.S.); (J.R.-V.)
| | - Alexandre Serraïma-Ferrer
- Department of Physics, Nanomaterials and Microsystems Group, GNaM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.S.-F.); (A.L.-F.)
| | - Aitor Lopeandía-Fernández
- Department of Physics, Nanomaterials and Microsystems Group, GNaM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.S.-F.); (A.L.-F.)
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Office 403, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Janak Sapkota
- Institute of Polymer Processing, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria
- Research Centre of Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44600, Nepal
- Correspondence: (J.C.M.-G.); (J.S.); (J.R.-V.)
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Viejo
- Department of Physics, Nanomaterials and Microsystems Group, GNaM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.S.-F.); (A.L.-F.)
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.M.-G.); (J.S.); (J.R.-V.)
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8
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Rzoska SJ, Starzonek S, Łoś J, Drozd-Rzoska A, Kralj S. Dynamics and Pretransitional Effects in C 60 Fullerene Nanoparticles and Liquid Crystalline Dodecylcyanobiphenyl (12CB) Hybrid System. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2343. [PMID: 33255904 PMCID: PMC7761475 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The report shows the strong impact of fullerene C60 nanoparticles on phase transitions and complex dynamics of rod-like liquid crystal dodecylcyanobiphenyl (12CB), within the limit of small concentrations. Studies were carried out using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) via the analysis of temperature dependences of the dielectric constant, the maximum of the primary loss curve, and relaxation times. They revealed a strong impact of nanoparticles, leading to a ~20% change of dielectric constant even at x = 0.05% of C60 fullerene. The application of the derivative-based and distortion-sensitive analysis showed that pretransitional effects dominate in the isotropic liquid phase up to 65 K above the clearing temperature and in the whole Smectic A mesophase. The impact of nanoparticles on the pretransitional anomaly appearance is notable for the smectic-solid phase transition. The fragility-based analysis of relaxation times revealed the universal pattern of its temperature changes, associated with scaling via the "mixed" ("activated" and "critical") relation. Phase behavior and dynamics of tested systems are discussed within the extended Landau-de Gennes-Ginzburg mesoscopic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester J. Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (S.S.); (J.Ł.); (A.D.-R.)
| | - Szymon Starzonek
- Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (S.S.); (J.Ł.); (A.D.-R.)
| | - Joanna Łoś
- Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (S.S.); (J.Ł.); (A.D.-R.)
| | - Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (S.S.); (J.Ł.); (A.D.-R.)
| | - Samo Kralj
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Systems, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Sodre ER, Guido BC, de Souza PEN, Machado DFS, Carvalho-Silva VH, Chaker JA, Gatto CC, Correa JR, Fernandes TDA, Neto BAD. Deciphering the Dynamics of Organic Nanoaggregates with AIEE Effect and Excited States: Lipophilic Benzothiadiazole Derivatives as Selective Cell Imaging Probes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12614-12634. [PMID: 32876447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) effect in fluorescent lipophilic 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) derivatives and their organic nanoaggregates were studied. A set of techniques such as single-crystal X-ray, dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), UV-vis, fluorescence, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to decipher the formation/break (kinetics), properties, and dynamics of the organic nanoaggregates of three BTD small organic molecules. An in-depth study of the excited-state also revealed the preferential relaxation emissive pathways for the BTD derivatives and the dynamics associated with it. The results described herein, for the first time, explain the formation of fluorescent BTD nanoaggregate derivatives and allow for the understanding of their dynamics in solution as well as the ruling forces of both aggregation and break processes along with the involved equilibrium. One of the developed dyes could be used at a nanomolar concentration to selectively stain lipid droplets emitting an intense and bright fluorescence at the red channel. The other two BTDs could also stain lipid droplets at very low concentrations and were visualized preferentially at the blue channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine R Sodre
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna C Guido
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo E N de Souza
- Laboratory of Software and Instrumentation in Applied Physics and Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Institute of Physics, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel F S Machado
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-900, Brazil
| | - Valter H Carvalho-Silva
- Divisão de Modelagem de Transformações Físicas e Químicas, Grupo de Química Teo'rica e Estrutural de Ana'polis, Centro de Pesquisa e Pos-Graduação, Universidade Estadual de Goia's,, Ana'polis, Goia's 75001-970, Brazil
| | - Juliano A Chaker
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-900, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Gatto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-900, Brazil
| | - Jose R Correa
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-900, Brazil
| | - Talita de A Fernandes
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-900, Brazil
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-900, Brazil
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10
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‘Quasi-Tricritical’ and Glassy Dielectric Properties of a Nematic Liquid Crystalline Material. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Results of dielectric studies in the nematic and isotropic liquid phases of pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB), a model rod-like liquid crystalline material, are shown. They are based on the discussion of the evolution of dielectric constant ( ε ), its changes under the strong electric field (nonlinear dielectric effect, NDE), and finally, the primary relaxation time. It is shown that changes in ε T and NDE are entirely dominated by the impact of pretransitional fluctuations (pre-nematic and pre-isotropic, respectively) which are associated with the weakly discontinuous character of the isotropic–nematic phase transition. This influence also extends for the low-frequency, ionic species dominated, region. Notable, that the derivative-based and distortions sensitive analysis revealed the tricritical nature of the I-N transition. Although the glass transition in 5CB occurs in the deeply supercooled state at T g ≈ − 68 ° C , the dynamics (changes of the primary relaxation time) follow a previtreous pattern both in the isotropic and in the nematic phase. Finally, the discussion of the ’molecular’ vs. ‘quasi-critical’ characterizations of the isotropic and nematic phases is presented. It shows the evident prevalence of the ‘quasi-critical-picture’, which offers the consistent temperature parameterization in the total tested temperature range.
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Abstract
In pressurized glass-forming systems, the apparent (changeable) activation volume Va(P) is the key property governing the previtreous behavior of the structural relaxation time (τ) or viscosity (η), following the Super-Barus behavior: [Formula: see text], T = const. It is usually assumed that Va(P) = V#(P), where [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. This report shows that Va(P) ≪ V#(P) for P → Pg, where Pg denotes the glass pressure, and the magnitude V#(P) is coupled to the pressure steepness index (the apparent fragility). V#(P) and Va(P) coincides only for the basic Barus dynamics, where Va(P) = Va = const in the given pressure domain, or for P → 0. The simple and non-biased way of determining Va(P) and the relation for its parameterization are proposed. The derived relation resembles Murnaghan - O'Connel equation, applied in deep Earth studies. It also offers a possibility of estimating the pressure and volume at the absolute stability limit. The application of the methodology is shown for diisobutyl phthalate (DIIP, low-molecular-weight liquid), isooctyloxycyanobiphenyl (8*OCB, liquid crystal) and bisphenol A/epichlorohydrin (EPON 828, epoxy resin), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska, 29/37.01-142, Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Starzonek S, Drozd-Rzoska A, Rzoska SJ, Zhang K, Pawlikowska E, Kȩdzierska-Sar A, Szafran M, Gao F. Polymer matrix ferroelectric composites under pressure: Negative electric capacitance and glassy dynamics. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:118. [PMID: 31493015 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This report presents the results of high-pressure and broadband dielectric spectroscopy studies in polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and barium strontium titanate (BST) microparticles composites (BST/PVDF). It shows that the Arrhenius behaviour for the temperature-related dynamics under atmospheric pressure is coupled to Super-Arrhenius/Super-Barus isothermal pressure changes of the primary relaxation time. Following these results, an explanation of the unique behaviour of the BST/PVDF composite is proposed. Subsequently, it is shown that when approaching the GPa domain the negative electric capacitance phenomenon occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Starzonek
- Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwester J Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kena Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, MIIT Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices, NPU-QMUL Joint Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Structure, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Emilia Pawlikowska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kȩdzierska-Sar
- Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Szafran
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, MIIT Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices, NPU-QMUL Joint Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Structure, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, China
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13
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Levit R, Martinez-Garcia JC, Ochoa DA, García JE. The generalized Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman equation for describing the dynamics of relaxor ferroelectrics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12390. [PMID: 31455803 PMCID: PMC6711973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Relaxor ferroelectrics (RF) are outstanding materials owing to their extraordinary dielectric, electromechanical, and electro-optical properties. Although their massive applications, they remain to be one of the most puzzling solid-state materials because understanding their structural local order and relaxation dynamics is being a long-term challenge in materials science. The so-called Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT) relation has been extensively used to parameterize the relaxation dynamics in RF, although no microscopic description has been firmly established for such empirical relation. Here, we show that VFT equation is not always a proper approach for describing the dielectric relaxation in RF. Based on the Adam-Gibbs model and the Grüneisen temperature index, a more general equation to disentangle the relaxation kinetic is proposed. This approach allows to a new formulation for the configurational entropy leading to a local structural heterogeneity related order parameter for RF. A new pathway to disentangle relaxation phenomena in other relaxor ferroics could have opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Levit
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio C Martinez-Garcia
- Group of Nanomaterials and Microsystems, Department of Physics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Diego A Ochoa
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José E García
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Araujo S, Delpouve N, Domenek S, Guinault A, Golovchak R, Szatanik R, Ingram A, Fauchard C, Delbreilh L, Dargent E. Cooperativity Scaling and Free Volume in Plasticized Polylactide. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Araujo
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
- CEREMA, Direction territoriale Normandie Centre, 76120 Grand-Quevilly, France
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sandra Domenek
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université de Saclay, 1 Avenue des Olympiades, F-91744 Massy Cedex, France
| | - Alain Guinault
- Laboratoire PIMM, Ensam, CNRS, Cnam, 151 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Roman Golovchak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee 37044 United States
| | - Roman Szatanik
- Institute of Physics, Opole University, Opole PL-45052, Poland
| | - Adam Ingram
- Faculty of Physics, Opole University of Technology, Opole PL-45370, Poland
| | - Cyrille Fauchard
- CEREMA, Direction territoriale Normandie Centre, 76120 Grand-Quevilly, France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Eric Dargent
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
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15
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Drozd-Rzoska A. Universal behavior of the apparent fragility in ultraslow glass forming systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6816. [PMID: 31048717 PMCID: PMC6497650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of studies on the grand problem of the glass transition the question of well-defined universal patterns, including the key problem of the previtreous behavior of the primary (structural) relaxation time, remains elusive. This report shows the universal previtreous behavior of the apparent fragility, i.e. the steepness index mP (T > Tg) = d log10τ(T)/d( Tg/T). It is evidenced that mP(T) = 1(T - T*), for T → Tg and T*= Tg - Δ T*. Basing on this finding, the new 3-parameter dependence for portraying the previtreous behavior of the primary relaxation time has been derived: τ(T) = CΩ((T - T*)/T)-Ω × [exp((T - T*)/T)]Ω. The universality of obtained relations is evidenced for glass formers belonging to low molecular weight liquids, polymers (melt and solid), plastic crystals, liquid crystals, resins and relaxors. They exhibit clear preferences either for the VFT or for the critical-like descriptions, if recalled already used modeling. The novel relation can obey even above the dynamic crossover temperature, with the power exponent Ω ranging between ~17 (liquid crystals) to ~57 (glycerol), what may indicate the impact of symmetry on the previtreous effect. Finally, the emerging similarity to the behavior in the isotropic phase of nematic liquid crystals is recalled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Araujo S, Delpouve N, Dhotel A, Domenek S, Guinault A, Delbreilh L, Dargent E. Reducing the Gap between the Activation Energy Measured in the Liquid and the Glassy States by Adding a Plasticizer to Polylactide. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:17092-17099. [PMID: 31458329 PMCID: PMC6643661 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic fragility of a glass-forming liquid is an important parameter to describe its molecular mobility. In most polymers, the kinetic fragility index obtained from the glassy state by thermally stimulated depolarization current is lower than the one determined in the liquid-like state by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, as shown in this work for neat polylactide (PLA). When PLA is plasticized to different extents, the fragility calculated in the liquid-like state progressively decreases, until approaching the value of fragility calculated from the glass, which on the other hand remains constant with plasticization. Using the cooperative rearranging region (CRR) concept, it is shown that the decrease of the fragility in the liquid-like state is concomitant with a decrease of the cooperativity length. By splitting the fragility calculated in the liquid, in two contributions: volume and energetic, respectively, dependent and independent on cooperativity, we observed that the slope of the fragility plot in the glass is equivalent to the energetic contribution of the fragility in the liquid. It is then deduced that the difference between the slopes of the relaxation time dependence calculated in both glass and liquid is an indicator of the cooperative character of the segmental relaxation when transiting from liquid to glass. As the main structural consequence of plasticization lies in the decrease of interchain weak bonds, it is assumed that these bonds drive the size of the CRR. In contrast, the dynamics in the glass are independent on plasticization structural effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Araujo
- Normandie
Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des
Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- Normandie
Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des
Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Dhotel
- Normandie
Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des
Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sandra Domenek
- UMR
Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech,
INRA, Université; Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue des Olympiades, F-91300 Massy, France
| | - Alain Guinault
- PIMM,
CNAM, CNRS UMR 8006, Arts et Métiers-ParisTech, 151 bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- Normandie
Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des
Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Eric Dargent
- Normandie
Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des
Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
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17
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Starzonek S, Kędzierska-Sar A, Drozd-Rzoska A, Szafran M, Rzoska SJ. Unique dynamic crossover in supercooled x,3-dihydroxypropyl acrylate (x = 1, 2) isomers mixture. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2018; 41:108. [PMID: 30229319 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2018-11714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The previtreous dynamics in the glass-forming monomer, glycerol monoacrylate (GMA), was tested using the broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). The measurements revealed a clear dynamic crossover at the temperature [Formula: see text] K and the time scale [Formula: see text] ns for the primary (structural) relaxation time and no hallmarks for the crossover for the DC electric conductivity [Formula: see text]. This result was revealed via the derivative-based and distortions-sensitive analysis [Formula: see text] vs. [Formula: see text] , where [Formula: see text] stands for the apparent activation energy. Subsequent tests of the fractional Debye-Stokes-Einsten relation [Formula: see text] showed that the crossover is associated with [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] (for [Formula: see text]. The crossover coexists with the emergence of the secondary beta relaxation, which smoothly develops deeply into the solid amorphous phase below the glass temperature [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Starzonek
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland.
- Warsaw Dielectrics Group, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kędzierska-Sar
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Chemical Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
- Warsaw Dielectrics Group, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Szafran
- Department of Chemical Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwester J Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
- Warsaw Dielectrics Group, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Reply to "Comment on 'Glass Transition, Crystallization of Glass-Forming Melts, and Entropy"' by Zanotto and Mauro. ENTROPY 2018; 20:e20090704. [PMID: 33265793 PMCID: PMC7513221 DOI: 10.3390/e20090704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A response is given to a comment of Zanotto and Mauro on our paper published in Entropy 20, 103 (2018). Our arguments presented in this paper are widely ignored by them, and no new considerations are outlined in the comment, which would require a revision of our conclusions. For this reason, we restrict ourselves here to a brief response, supplementing it by some additional arguments in favor of our point of view not included in our above-cited paper.
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19
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Mandal S, Lang S, Boţan V, Franosch T. Nonergodicity parameters of confined hard-sphere glasses. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6167-6177. [PMID: 28796271 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Within a recently developed mode-coupling theory for fluids confined to a slit we elaborate numerical results for the long-time limits of suitably generalized intermediate scattering functions. The theory requires as input the density profile perpendicular to the plates, which we obtain from density functional theory within the fundamental-measure framework, as well as symmetry-adapted static structure factors, which can be calculated relying on the inhomogeneous Percus-Yevick closure. Our calculations for the nonergodicity parameters for both the collective as well as for the self motion are in qualitative agreement with our extensive event-driven molecular dynamics simulations for the intermediate scattering functions for slightly polydisperse hard-sphere systems at high packing fraction. We show that the variation of the nonergodicity parameters as a function of the wavenumber correlates with the in-plane static structure factors, while subtle effects become apparent in the structure factors and relaxation times of higher mode indices. A criterion to predict the multiple reentrant from the variation of the in-plane static structure is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Mandal
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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20
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Peng YJ, Liu YL, Wu Q, Sun PC. Study on the Glass Transition Process of Polymer System Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:1071-1076. [PMID: 28890493 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The change in the infrared spectrum of polymer samples with temperature and their differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experimental results are analyzed. According to the van't Hoff equation at constant pressure, the changes in the absorbance ratio corresponding to high and low vibrational states are calculated, and the apparent enthalpy differences of the vibration energy states transformation of the characteristic group can be obtained. From the experimental results, we can find that characteristic vibration modes of a chemical group in a polymer are under the influence of the glass transition process of the polymer with a different extent. The characteristic vibration modes of the same chemical group behave differently due to the influence of the polymer system at which the chemical moiety is situated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Peng
- Teaching and Research Section of Physics, College of Comprehensive Studies, Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Yu-Ling Liu
- Teaching and Research Section of Physics, College of Comprehensive Studies, Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Qiang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University
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21
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Drozd-Rzoska A, Rzoska SJ, Rzoska AA. Pretransitional behavior of the nonlinear dielectric effect for the liquid-solid transition in nitrobenzene. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:062131. [PMID: 27415232 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.062131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The nonlinear dielectric effect describes changes of dielectric permittivity induced by the strong electric field. This report shows the evidence for the critical-like pretransitional behavior for the liquid-solid transition in the supercooled nitrobenzene. Hallmarks of such behavior extend even above the melting temperature. A method for the analysis of pretransitional effects, avoiding the biasing impact of the noncritical background contribution, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylwester J Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, Ulica Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland.,SMCEBI and Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Ulica 75 Pułku Piechoty 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Agata Angelika Rzoska
- Karol Lipinski Academy of Music in Wrocław, Plac Jana Pawła II 2, 50-043 Wrocław, Poland
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22
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Karmakar S, Dasgupta C, Sastry S. Length scales in glass-forming liquids and related systems: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:016601. [PMID: 26684508 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/1/016601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The central problem in the study of glass-forming liquids and other glassy systems is the understanding of the complex structural relaxation and rapid growth of relaxation times seen on approaching the glass transition. A central conceptual question is whether one can identify one or more growing length scale(s) associated with this behavior. Given the diversity of molecular glass-formers and a vast body of experimental, computational and theoretical work addressing glassy behavior, a number of ideas and observations pertaining to growing length scales have been presented over the past few decades, but there is as yet no consensus view on this question. In this review, we will summarize the salient results and the state of our understanding of length scales associated with dynamical slow down. After a review of slow dynamics and the glass transition, pertinent theories of the glass transition will be summarized and a survey of ideas relating to length scales in glassy systems will be presented. A number of studies have focused on the emergence of preferred packing arrangements and discussed their role in glassy dynamics. More recently, a central object of attention has been the study of spatially correlated, heterogeneous dynamics and the associated length scale, studied in computer simulations and theoretical analysis such as inhomogeneous mode coupling theory. A number of static length scales have been proposed and studied recently, such as the mosaic length scale discussed in the random first-order transition theory and the related point-to-set correlation length. We will discuss these, elaborating on key results, along with a critical appraisal of the state of the art. Finally we will discuss length scales in driven soft matter, granular fluids and amorphous solids, and give a brief description of length scales in aging systems. Possible relations of these length scales with those in glass-forming liquids will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smarajit Karmakar
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, 21 Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad 500075, India
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23
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Starzonek S, Rzoska SJ, Drozd-Rzoska A, Pawlus S, Biała E, Martinez-Garcia JC, Kistersky L. Fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein behaviour in an ultraviscous nanocolloid: glycerol and silver nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5554-5562. [PMID: 26067719 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00266d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the major features of glass forming ultraviscous liquids is the decoupling between translational and orientational dynamics. This paper presents studies of this phenomenon in glycerol, an accepted molecular glass former, concentrating on the impact of two exogenic factors: high pressures (P) up to the extreme 1.5 GPa and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). The analysis is focused on the fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein (FDSE) relationship: σ(T,P)(τ(T,P))(S) = const, linking DC electric conductivity (σ) and primary (alpha, structural) relaxation time (τα). In glycerol and its nanocolloid (glycerol + Ag NPs) at atmospheric pressure only negligible decoupling (S ∼ 1) was detected. However, in the compressed nanocolloid, a well-defined transformation (at P = 1.2 GPa) from S ∼ 1 to the very strongly decoupled dynamics (S ∼ 0.5) occurred. For comparison, in pressurized 'pure' glycerol the stretched shift from S ∼ 1 to S ∼ 0.7 took place. This paper also presents the general discussion of FDSE behavior in ultraviscous liquids, including the new link between the FDSE exponent, fragility and the apparent activation enthalpy and volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Starzonek
- Silesian Intercollegiate Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research & Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
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24
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Seekell Iii RP, Sarangapani PS, Zhang Z, Zhu Y. Relationship between particle elasticity, glass fragility, and structural relaxation in dense microgel suspensions. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5485-91. [PMID: 26061613 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00640f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
"Fragile" glassy materials, which include most polymeric materials and organic liquids, exhibit a steep and super-Arrhenius dependence of relaxation time with temperature upon the glass transition and have been extensively studied. Yet, a full understanding of strong glass formers that exhibit an Arrhenius dependence on temperature is still lacking. In this work, we have investigated the glassy dynamics of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles of varied elasticity in dense aqueous suspensions, giving rise to a full spectrum of strong to fragile glass-forming behaviors. We have observed the dependence of particle motions and structural relaxation on particle volume fraction can be weakened by decreasing particle elasticity, due to particle deformation and the resulting interparticle elastic interaction upon intimate particle contacts at high particle concentration. Both measured α-relaxation time scales and dynamic length scales for cooperative rearranging motions of microgels in suspensions show similarly dependence on particle volume fraction and elasticity, thereby quantifying the glass fragility of dense microgel suspension of varied particle elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P Seekell Iii
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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25
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Mechanical Relaxation of Metallic Glasses: An Overview of Experimental Data and Theoretical Models. METALS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/met5021073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Ortiz-Serna P, Carsí M, Redondo-Foj B, Sanchis MJ, Culebras M, Gómez CM, Cantarero A. Thermal and dielectric properties of polycarbonatediol polyurethane. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Ortiz-Serna
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada; E.T.S.I.I.; Instituto de Tecnología Eléctrica Universitat Politècnica de Valencia; 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Marta Carsí
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada; E.T.S.I.I.; Instituto de Tecnología Eléctrica Universitat Politècnica de Valencia; 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Belén Redondo-Foj
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada; E.T.S.I.I.; Instituto de Tecnología Eléctrica Universitat Politècnica de Valencia; 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - María Jesús Sanchis
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada; E.T.S.I.I.; Instituto de Tecnología Eléctrica Universitat Politècnica de Valencia; 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Mario Culebras
- Condensed Matter and Polymers Group; Materials Science Institute; University of Valencia; 46071 Valencia Spain
| | - Clara María Gómez
- Condensed Matter and Polymers Group; Materials Science Institute; University of Valencia; 46071 Valencia Spain
| | - Andrés Cantarero
- Condensed Matter and Polymers Group; Materials Science Institute; University of Valencia; 46071 Valencia Spain
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27
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Martinez-Garcia JC, Rzoska SJ, Drozd-Rzoska A, Starzonek S, Mauro JC. Fragility and basic process energies in vitrifying systems. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8314. [PMID: 25660971 PMCID: PMC4321169 DOI: 10.1038/srep08314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of 'fragility' constitutes a central point of the glass transition science serving as the 'universal' metric linking previtreous dynamics of qualitatively distinct systems. Finding the fundamental meaning of fragility is the 'condicio sine qua' for reaching the long expected conceptual breakthrough in this domain. This report shows that fragility is determined by the ratio between two fundamental process energies, viz. the activation enthalpy and activation energy. The reasoning, avoiding any underlying physical model, is supported by the experimental evidence ranging from low molecular weight liquids and polymers to plastic crystals and liquid crystals. All these lead to the new general scaling plot for dynamics of arbitrary glass former. The limited adequacy of broadly used so far semi-empirical relationships between fragility and the activation energy is shown. Results presented remain valid for an arbitrary complex system and collective phenomena if their dynamics is described by the general super-Arrhenius relation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylwester J Rzoska
- 1] Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 27/39, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland [2] Institute of Physics &ŚMCEBI, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Drozd-Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 27/39, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Starzonek
- Institute of Physics &ŚMCEBI, University of Silesia, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - John C Mauro
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York 14831, USA
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28
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Sebastián N, López DO, Robles-Hernández B, de la Fuente MR, Salud J, Pérez-Jubindo MA, Dunmur DA, Luckhurst GR, Jackson DJB. Dielectric, calorimetric and mesophase properties of 1′′-(2′,4-difluorobiphenyl-4′-yloxy)-9′′-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4′-yloxy) nonane: an odd liquid crystal dimer with a monotropic mesophase having the characteristics of a twist-bend nematic phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21391-406. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03462g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Martinez-Garcia JC, Rzoska SJ, Drzozd-Rzoska A, Martinez-Garcia J, Mauro JC. Divergent dynamics and the Kauzmann temperature in glass forming systems. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5160. [PMID: 24895028 PMCID: PMC5381491 DOI: 10.1038/srep05160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade the challenging analysis of previtreous behavior of relaxation time (τ(T)) in ultraviscous low molecular weight liquids led to the conceptual shift of the glass transition physics toward theories not predicting a “finite-temperature” divergence. This “breakthrough” experimental finding was strengthened by the discovery that “dynamic” (i.e. from τ(T) fitting) and “thermodynamic” estimations of the “ideal glass” (Kauzmann) temperature do not match, what in fact questioned its existence. In this report, due to the novel way of analysis based on the transformation of τ(T) experimental data to the activation energy temperature index form, the clear prevalence of the “finite-temperature” divergence is proved. The obtained “dynamic” singular temperatures clearly coincide with “thermodynamic” estimations of the Kauzmann temperature, thus solving also the second mystery. The comprehensive picture was obtained due to the analysis of 55 experimental data-sets, ranging from low molecular weight liquids and polymers to liquid crystal and plastic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylwester J Rzoska
- 1] Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 27/39, Warsaw 01-143, Poland [2] Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Drzozd-Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sokołowska 27/39, Warsaw 01-143, Poland
| | - Jorge Martinez-Garcia
- Lucerne University of Applied Sciences, Technikustrasse 21, CH-6048 Horw, Switzerland
| | - John C Mauro
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York 14831, USA
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30
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Götz M, Bauer T, Lunkenheimer P, Loidl A. Supercooled-liquid and plastic-crystalline state in succinonitrile-glutaronitrile mixtures. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:094504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4867095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Götz
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Th Bauer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - P Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - A Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
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Mallamace F, Corsaro C, Stanley HE, Mallamace D, Chen SH. The dynamical crossover in attractive colloidal systems. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:214502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4833595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bauer T, Lunkenheimer P, Loidl A. Cooperativity and the freezing of molecular motion at the glass transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:225702. [PMID: 24329455 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.225702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The slowing down of molecular dynamics when approaching the glass transition generally proceeds much stronger than expected for thermally activated motions. This strange phenomenon can be formally ascribed to a temperature-dependent activation energy E(T). In the present work, via measurements of the third-order nonlinear dielectric susceptibility, we deduce the increase of the number of correlated molecules N(corr) when approaching the glass transition and find a surprisingly simple correlation of E(T) and N(corr)(T). This provides strong evidence that the noncanonical temperature development of glassy dynamics is caused by a temperature-dependent energy barrier arising from the cooperative motion of ever larger numbers of molecules at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Bauer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - P Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - A Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
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Sebastián N, de la Fuente M, López D, Pérez-Jubindo M, Salud J, Ros M. Overall Dielectric Study on the Odd Members of a Highly Nonsymmetric Pyrene-Based Series of Liquid Crystal Dimers. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:14486-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp406085r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Sebastián
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - M.R. de la Fuente
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - D.O. López
- Grup
de Propietas Físiques dels Materials (GRPFM), Departament de
Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, E.T.S.E.I.B., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal, 647 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M.A. Pérez-Jubindo
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apartado 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - J. Salud
- Grup
de Propietas Físiques dels Materials (GRPFM), Departament de
Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, E.T.S.E.I.B., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Diagonal, 647 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M.B. Ros
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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