1
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Chen Y, Shi Y, Gan Y, Liu H, Li T, Ghosh S, Xiong Q. Unraveling the Ultrafast Coherent Dynamics of Exciton Polariton Propagation at Room Temperature. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8704-8711. [PMID: 37681647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Exciton polaritons are widely considered as promising platforms for developing room-temperature polaritonic devices, owing to the high-speed propagation and nonlinear interactions. However, it remains challenging to explore the dynamics of exciton polaritons specifically at room temperature, where the lifetime could be as small as a few picoseconds and the prevailing time-averaged measurement cannot give access to the true nature of it. Herein, by using the time-resolved photoluminescence, we have successfully traced the ultrafast coherent dynamics of a moving exciton polariton condensate in a one-dimensional perovskite microcavity. The propagation speed is directly measured to be ∼12.2 ± 0.8 μm/ps. Moreover, we have developed a time-resolved Michelson interferometry to quantify the time-dependent phase coherence, which reveals that the actual coherence time of exciton polaritons could be much longer (nearly 100%) than what was believed before. Our work sheds new light on the ultrafast coherent propagation of exciton polaritons at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Chen
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusong Gan
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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2
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De J, Ma X, Yin F, Ren J, Yao J, Schumacher S, Liao Q, Fu H, Malpuech G, Solnyshkov D. Room-Temperature Electrical Field-Enhanced Ultrafast Switch in Organic Microcavity Polariton Condensates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1557-1563. [PMID: 36630440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrated electro-optical switches are essential as one of the fundamental elements in the development of modern optoelectronics. As an architecture for photonic systems exciton polaritons, hybrid bosonic quasiparticles that possess unique properties derived from both excitons and photons, have shown much promise. For this system, we demonstrate a significant improvement of emitted intensity and condensation threshold by applying an electric field to a microcavity filled with an organic microbelt. Our theoretical investigations indicate that the electric field makes the excitons dipolar and induces an enhancement of the exciton-polariton interaction and of the polariton lifetime. Based on these electric field-induced changes, a sub-nanosecond electrical field-enhanced polariton condensate switch is realized at room temperature, providing the basis for developing an on-chip integrated photonic device in the strong light-matter coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo De
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Xuekai Ma
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098Paderborn, Germany
| | - Fan Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiahuan Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098Paderborn, Germany.,Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Guillaume Malpuech
- PHOTON-N2, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont INP, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dmitry Solnyshkov
- PHOTON-N2, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont INP, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231Paris, France
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3
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Zhao J, Fieramosca A, Bao R, Du W, Dini K, Su R, Feng J, Luo Y, Sanvitto D, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Nonlinear polariton parametric emission in an atomically thin semiconductor based microcavity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:396-402. [PMID: 35288672 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parametric nonlinear optical processes are at the heart of nonlinear optics underpinning the central role in the generation of entangled photons as well as the realization of coherent optical sources. Exciton-polaritons are capable to sustain parametric scattering at extremely low threshold, offering a readily accessible platform to study bosonic fluids. Recently, two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted great attention in strong light-matter interactions due to robust excitonic transitions and unique spin-valley degrees of freedom. However, further progress is hindered by the lack of realizations of strong nonlinear effects in TMD polaritons. Here, we demonstrate a realization of nonlinear optical parametric polaritons in a WS2 monolayer microcavity pumped at the inflection point and triggered in the ground state. We observed the formation of a phase-matched idler state and nonlinear amplification that preserves the valley population and survives up to room temperature. Our results open a new door towards the realization of the future for all-optical valley polariton nonlinear devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ruiqi Bao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Dini
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- INFN National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lecce, Italy
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Baryshev S, Zasedatelev A, Sigurdsson H, Gnusov I, Töpfer JD, Askitopoulos A, Lagoudakis PG. Engineering Photon Statistics in a Spinor Polariton Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:087402. [PMID: 35275646 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.087402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We implement full polarization tomography on photon correlations in a spinor exciton-polariton condensate. Our measurements reveal condensate pseudospin mean-field dynamics spanning from stochastic switching between linear polarization components, limit cycles, and stable fixed points, and their intrinsic relation to the condensate photon statistics. We optically harness the cavity birefringence, polariton interactions, and the optical orientation of an incoherent exciton reservoir to engineer photon statistics with precise control. Our results demonstrate a smooth transition from a highly coherent to a super-thermal state of the condensate polarization components.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baryshev
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Zasedatelev
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - H Sigurdsson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - I Gnusov
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - J D Töpfer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - A Askitopoulos
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - P G Lagoudakis
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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5
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Feng J, Wang J, Fieramosca A, Bao R, Zhao J, Su R, Peng Y, Liew TCH, Sanvitto D, Xiong Q. All-optical switching based on interacting exciton polaritons in self-assembled perovskite microwires. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj6627. [PMID: 34757800 PMCID: PMC8580323 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj6627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast all-optical switches and integrated circuits call for giant optical nonlinearity to minimize energy consumption and footprint. Exciton polaritons underpin intrinsic strong nonlinear interactions and high-speed propagation in solids, thus affording an intriguing platform for all-optical devices. However, semiconductors sustaining stable exciton polaritons at room temperature usually exhibit restricted nonlinearity and/or propagation properties. Delocalized and strongly interacting Wannier-Mott excitons in metal halide perovskites highlight their advantages in integrated nonlinear optical devices. Here, we report all-optical switching by using propagating and strongly interacting exciton-polariton fluids in self-assembled CsPbBr3 microwires. Strong polariton-polariton interactions and extended polariton fluids with a propagation length of around 25 μm have been reached. All-optical switching on/off of polariton propagation can be realized in picosecond time scale by locally blue-shifting the dispersion with interacting polaritons. The all-optical switching, together with the scalable self-assembly method, highlights promising applications of solution-processed perovskites toward integrated photonics operating in strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (Q.X.); (J.F.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ruiqi Bao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yutian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Timothy C. H. Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
- Corresponding author. (Q.X.); (J.F.)
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6
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Shen RC, Wang YP, Li J, Zhu SY, Agarwal GS, You JQ. Long-Time Memory and Ternary Logic Gate Using a Multistable Cavity Magnonic System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:183202. [PMID: 34767406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.183202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multistability is an extraordinary nonlinear property of dynamical systems and can be explored to implement memory and switches. Here we experimentally realize the tristability in a three-mode cavity magnonic system with Kerr nonlinearity. The three stable states in the tristable region correspond to the stable solutions of the frequency shift of the cavity magnon polariton under specific driving conditions. We find that the system staying in which stable state depends on the history experienced by the system, and this state can be harnessed to store the history information. In our experiment, the memory time can reach as long as 5.11 s. Moreover, we demonstrate the ternary logic gate with good on-off characteristics using this multistable hybrid system. Our new findings pave a way towards cavity magnonics-based information storage and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Chang Shen
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yi-Pu Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jie Li
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - G S Agarwal
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas AM University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J Q You
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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7
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Shim JH, Syed AA, Kim JI, Piao HG, Lee SH, Park SY, Choi YS, Lee KM, Kim HJ, Jeong JR, Hong JI, Kim DE, Kim DH. Role of non-thermal electrons in ultrafast spin dynamics of ferromagnetic multilayer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6355. [PMID: 32286462 PMCID: PMC7156415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of ultrafast spin dynamics is crucial for future spintronic applications. In particular, the role of non-thermal electrons needs further investigation in order to gain a fundamental understanding of photoinduced demagnetization and remagnetization on a femtosecond time scale. We experimentally demonstrate that non-thermal electrons existing in the very early phase of the photoinduced demagnetization process play a key role in governing the overall ultrafast spin dynamics behavior. We simultaneously measured the time-resolved reflectivity (TR-R) and the magneto-optical Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) for a Co/Pt multilayer film. By using an extended three-temperature model (E3TM), the quantitative analysis, including non-thermal electron energy transfer into the subsystem (thermal electron, lattice, and spin), reveals that energy flow from non-thermal electrons plays a decisive role in determining the type I and II photoinduced spin dynamics behavior. Our finding proposes a new mechanism for understanding ultrafast remagnetization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Ho Shim
- Department of Physics and Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Akbar Ali Syed
- Department of Physics and Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jea-Il Kim
- Department of Physics and Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Hong-Guang Piao
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, P. R. China
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.,Division of Industrial Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Seung-Young Park
- Spin Engineering Physics Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, South Korea
| | - Yeon Suk Choi
- Spin Engineering Physics Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, South Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Joong Kim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ryul Jeong
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Jung-Il Hong
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Dong Eon Kim
- Department of Physics and Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea. .,Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.
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8
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Navadeh-Toupchi M, Takemura N, Anderson MD, Oberli DY, Portella-Oberli MT. Polaritonic Cross Feshbach Resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:047402. [PMID: 30768331 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.047402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the existence of a cross Feshbach resonance by strongly driving a lower polariton mode and by monitoring in time the transmission of a short optical pulse at the energy of the upper polariton mode in a semiconductor microcavity. From the signatures of the optical resonance, strength, and sign of the energy shift, we attribute the origin of the scattering process between polariton modes with opposite circular polarization to a biexciton bound state. From this study, we infer the conditions required for a strong enhancement of the generation of entangled photon pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Navadeh-Toupchi
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Takemura
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M D Anderson
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Y Oberli
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M T Portella-Oberli
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Schmidt D, Berger B, Kahlert M, Bayer M, Schneider C, Höfling S, Sedov ES, Kavokin AV, Aßmann M. Tracking Dark Excitons with Exciton Polaritons in Semiconductor Microcavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:047403. [PMID: 30768323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.047403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dark excitons are of fundamental importance for a wide variety of processes in semiconductors but are difficult to investigate using optical techniques due to their weak interaction with light fields. We reveal and characterize dark excitons nonresonantly injected into a semiconductor microcavity structure containing InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells by a gated train of eight 100 fs pulses separated by 13 ns by monitoring their interactions with the bright lower polariton mode. We find a surprisingly long dark exciton lifetime of more than 20 ns, which is longer than the time delay between two consecutive pulses. This creates a memory effect that we clearly observe through the variation of the time-resolved transmission signal. We propose a rate equation model that provides a quantitative agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schmidt
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Berger
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Kahlert
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
- A. F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Höfling
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - E S Sedov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, SO17 1NJ Southampton, United Kingdom
- Vladimir State University named after A. G. and N. G. Stoletovs, Gorky Street 87, 600000, Vladimir, Russia
| | - A V Kavokin
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulanovskaya 1, Peterhof, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- International Center for Polaritonics, Westlake University, No. 18, Shilongshan Road, Cloud Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - M Aßmann
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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10
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Pickup L, Kalinin K, Askitopoulos A, Hatzopoulos Z, Savvidis PG, Berloff NG, Lagoudakis PG. Optical Bistability under Nonresonant Excitation in Spinor Polariton Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:225301. [PMID: 29906137 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.225301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We realize bistability in the spinor of polariton condensates under nonresonant optical excitation and in the absence of biasing external fields. Numerical modeling of the system using the Ginzburg-Landau equation with an internal Josephson coupling between the two spin components of the condensate qualitatively describes the experimental observations. We demonstrate that polariton spin bistability strongly depends on the condensate's overlap with the exciton reservoir by tuning the excitation geometry and sample temperature. We obtain noncollapsing bistability hysteresis loops for a record range of sweep times, [10 μs, 1 s], offering a promising route to spin switches and spin memory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pickup
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - K Kalinin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
| | - A Askitopoulos
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Z Hatzopoulos
- Microelectronics Research Group, IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P G Savvidis
- Microelectronics Research Group, IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71003, Crete, Greece
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - N G Berloff
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - P G Lagoudakis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
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11
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Ohadi H, Ramsay AJ, Sigurdsson H, Del Valle-Inclan Redondo Y, Tsintzos SI, Hatzopoulos Z, Liew TCH, Shelykh IA, Rubo YG, Savvidis PG, Baumberg JJ. Spin Order and Phase Transitions in Chains of Polariton Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:067401. [PMID: 28949643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.067401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that multiply coupled spinor polariton condensates can be optically tuned through a sequence of spin-ordered phases by changing the coupling strength between nearest neighbors. For closed four-condensate chains these phases span from ferromagnetic (FM) to antiferromagnetic (AFM), separated by an unexpected crossover phase. This crossover phase is composed of alternating FM-AFM bonds. For larger eight-condensate chains, we show the critical role of spatial inhomogeneities and demonstrate a scheme to overcome them and prepare any desired spin state. Our observations thus demonstrate a fully controllable nonequilibrium spin lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohadi
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Ramsay
- Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Hitachi Europe Ltd., Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - H Sigurdsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Y Del Valle-Inclan Redondo
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - S I Tsintzos
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Z Hatzopoulos
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - T C H Liew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 637371, Singapore
| | - I A Shelykh
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Y G Rubo
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - P G Savvidis
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - J J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Lerario G, Ballarini D, Fieramosca A, Cannavale A, Genco A, Mangione F, Gambino S, Dominici L, De Giorgi M, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. High-speed flow of interacting organic polaritons. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e16212. [PMID: 30167229 PMCID: PMC6062184 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The strong coupling of an excitonic transition with an electromagnetic mode results in composite quasi-particles called exciton polaritons, which have been shown to combine the best properties of their individual components in semiconductor microcavities. However, the physics and applications of polariton flows in organic materials and at room temperature are still unexplored because of the poor photon confinement in such structures. Here, we demonstrate that polaritons formed by the hybridization of organic excitons with a Bloch surface wave are able to propagate for hundreds of microns showing remarkable third-order nonlinear interactions upon high injection density. These findings pave the way for the study of organic nonlinear light-matter fluxes and for a technologically promising route of the realization of dissipation-less on-chip polariton devices operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Lerario
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cannavale
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di matematica e fisica ‘Ennio De Giorgi’, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Armando Genco
- Dipartimento di matematica e fisica ‘Ennio De Giorgi’, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica Mangione
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gambino
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di matematica e fisica ‘Ennio De Giorgi’, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di matematica e fisica ‘Ennio De Giorgi’, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC –Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Li J, Liew TCH. Cellular automata in photonic cavity arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:24930-24937. [PMID: 27828433 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.024930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose theoretically a photonic Turing machine based on cellular automata in arrays of nonlinear cavities coupled with artificial gauge fields. The state of the system is recorded making use of the bistability of driven cavities, in which losses are fully compensated by an external continuous drive. The sequential update of the automaton layers is achieved automatically, by the local switching of bistable states, without requiring any additional synchronization or temporal control.
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14
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Liew TCH. Polariton condensates: Electrical spin switching. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:1053-1054. [PMID: 27500806 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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15
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Dreismann A, Ohadi H, Del Valle-Inclan Redondo Y, Balili R, Rubo YG, Tsintzos SI, Deligeorgis G, Hatzopoulos Z, Savvidis PG, Baumberg JJ. A sub-femtojoule electrical spin-switch based on optically trapped polariton condensates. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:1074-1078. [PMID: 27500807 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Practical challenges to extrapolating Moore's law favour alternatives to electrons as information carriers. Two promising candidates are spin-based and all-optical architectures, the former offering lower energy consumption, the latter superior signal transfer down to the level of chip-interconnects. Polaritons-spinor quasi-particles composed of semiconductor excitons and microcavity photons-directly couple exciton spins and photon polarizations, combining the advantages of both approaches. However, their implementation for spintronics has been hindered because polariton spins can be manipulated only optically or by strong magnetic fields. Here we use an external electric field to directly control the spin of a polariton condensate, bias-tuning the emission polarization. The nonlinear spin dynamics offers an alternative route to switching, allowing us to realize an electrical spin-switch exhibiting ultralow switching energies below 0.5 fJ. Our results lay the foundation for development of devices based on the electro-optical control of coherent spin ensembles on a chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dreismann
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hamid Ohadi
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | - Ryan Balili
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yuri G Rubo
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, Mexico
| | - Simeon I Tsintzos
- CCQCN, Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Deligeorgis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Zacharias Hatzopoulos
- CCQCN, Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Pavlos G Savvidis
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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16
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Photonic architectures for equilibrium high-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation in dichalcogenide monolayers. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7432. [PMID: 25503586 PMCID: PMC4262886 DOI: 10.1038/srep07432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor-microcavity polaritons are composite quasiparticles of excitons and photons, emerging in the strong coupling regime. As quantum superpositions of matter and light, polaritons have much stronger interparticle interactions compared with photons, enabling rapid equilibration and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Current realizations based on 1D photonic structures, such as Fabry-Pérot microcavities, have limited light-trapping ability resulting in picosecond polariton lifetime. We demonstrate, theoretically, above-room-temperature (up to 590 K) BEC of long-lived polaritons in MoSe2 monolayers sandwiched by simple TiO2 based 3D photonic band gap (PBG) materials. The 3D PBG induces very strong coupling of 40 meV (Rabi splitting of 62 meV) for as few as three dichalcogenide monolayers. Strong light-trapping in the 3D PBG enables the long-lived polariton superfluid to be robust against fabrication-induced disorder and exciton line-broadening.
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17
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Abbaspour H, Trebaol S, Morier-Genoud F, Portella-Oberli MT, Deveaud B. Stochastic resonance in collective exciton-polariton excitations inside a GaAs microcavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:057401. [PMID: 25126934 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.057401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of stochastic resonance in confined exciton polaritons. We evidence this phenomena by tracking the polaritons behavior through two stochastic resonance quantifiers namely the spectral magnification factor and the signal-to-noise ratio. The evolution of the stochastic resonance in the function of the modulation amplitude of the periodic excitation signal is studied. Our experimental observations are well reproduced by numerical simulations performed in the framework of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation under stochastic perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abbaspour
- Laboratory of Quantum Optoelectronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Trebaol
- Laboratory of Quantum Optoelectronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Morier-Genoud
- Laboratory of Quantum Optoelectronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M T Portella-Oberli
- Laboratory of Quantum Optoelectronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Deveaud
- Laboratory of Quantum Optoelectronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Kyriienko O, Liew TCH, Shelykh IA. Optomechanics with cavity polaritons: dissipative coupling and unconventional bistability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:076402. [PMID: 24579620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.076402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study a hybrid system formed from an optomechanical resonator and a cavity mode strongly coupled to an excitonic transition inside a quantum well. We show that due to the mixing of cavity photon and exciton states, the emergent quasiparticles-polaritons-possess coupling to the mechanical mode of both a dispersive and dissipative nature. We calculate the occupancies of polariton modes and reveal bistable behavior, which deviates from conventional Kerr nonlinearity or dispersive coupling cases due to the dissipative coupling. The described system serves as a good candidate for future polaritonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kyriienko
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland and Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - T C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - I A Shelykh
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland and Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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