1
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Avasthi I, Muthukumaran R, Prajapati RK, Sankararamakrishnan R, Verma S. Crystal Engineering and Self-Assembled Nanoring Formation with Purine-Cd II /Hg II Supramolecular Frameworks. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301119. [PMID: 38286758 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
We report three complexes of CdII and HgII with two purine rare tautomers, N9-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-N6 -methoxyadenine, L1 and N7-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-N6 -methoxyadenine, L2, highlighting diverse crystallographic signatures exhibited by them. Influence of substituents, binding sites, steric effects and metal salts on the different modes of binding enabled an insight into metal-nucleobase interactions. L1 interacted with two and three equivalents of Cd(NO3 )2 .4H2 O and HgCl2 , respectively, while L2 interacted with two equivalents of HgCl2 , altogether leading to three different complexes (1 [C48 H48 Cd6 N34 O50 ], 2 [C12 H12 Cl4 Hg2 N6 O] and 3 [C12 H12 Cl2 HgN6 O]) possessing varied dimensionality and stabilising interactions. The photoluminescent properties of these coordination frameworks have also been probed. Notably, nanoring-like structures were obtained, as a result of self-assembly of 3 when investigated by transmission electron microscopy, additionally supported by molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilesha Avasthi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP (208016), India
| | - R Muthukumaran
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP (208016), India
| | - Rajneesh K Prajapati
- Centre for Nanoscience and Advanced Imaging Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP (208016), India
| | - Ramasubbu Sankararamakrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP (208016), India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP (208016), India
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2
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Hernández-Pacheco P, Zelada-Guillén GA, Romero-Ávila M, Cañas-Alonso RC, Flores-Álamo M, Escárcega-Bobadilla MV. Enhanced Host-Guest Association and Fluorescence in Copolymers from Copper Salphen Complexes by Supramolecular Internalization of Anions. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200310. [PMID: 36175158 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis, crystallographic characterization of a new Cu-Salphen compound and its use as a host Lewis-acid against guest anions in two versions: a) free molecule, b) copolymerized with methyl methacrylate:n-butyl acrylate (1 : 4-wt.) as protective co-monomers. Higher contents in Cu-Salphen yielded larger and more homogeneous polymer sizes. Polymer size together with glass transitions, heat capacity, thermal degradation, guest-saturation degrees and host-guest species distribution profiles from spectrophotometric titrations explained growths of up to 630-fold in K11 and 180000-fold in K12 for the host's binding site attributable to a solvophobic protection from the macromolecular structure. Spectrofluorimetry revealed blue-shifted×13-16 larger luminescence for Cu-Salphen in the polymers (λem =488-498 nm) than that of the non-polymerized counterpart (λem =510-543 nm) and "turn-on" blue-shifted enhanced fluorescence upon guest association. We propose a cooperative incorporation of the guests occurring from the outer medium toward internally protected binding site pockets in the random coil polymer conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Hernández-Pacheco
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A Zelada-Guillén
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Margarita Romero-Ávila
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Carlos Cañas-Alonso
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Marcos Flores-Álamo
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha V Escárcega-Bobadilla
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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3
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Basu S, Patra P, Sarkar J. Dewetting assisted self-assembly of carbon nanotube into circular nanorings. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Pyrlin S, Lenzi V, Silva A, Ramos M, Marques L. Adhesion of Bis-Salphen-Based Coordination Polymers to Graphene: Insights from Free Energy Perturbation Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4525. [PMID: 36365517 PMCID: PMC9657960 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of nanoscale objects using molecular self-assembly is a potent tool to achieve large scale nanopatterning with small effort. Coordination polymers of bis-salphen compounds based on zinc have demonstrated their ability to align carbon nanotubes into micro-scale networks with an unusual "rings-and-rods" pattern. This paper investigates how the compounds interact with pristine and functionalized graphene using density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamic simulations. Using the free energy perturbation method we will show how the addition of phenyl side groups to the core compound and functionalization of graphene affect the stability, mobility and conformation adopted by a dimer of bis-(Zn)salphen compound adsorbed on graphene surface and what it can reveal about the arrangement of chains of bis-(Zn)salphen polymer around carbon nanotubes during the self-assembly of microscale networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Pyrlin
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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5
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Escárcega-Bobadilla MV, Maldonado-Domínguez M, Romero-Ávila M, Zelada-Guillén GA. Turing patterns by supramolecular self-assembly of a single salphen building block. iScience 2022; 25:104545. [PMID: 35747384 PMCID: PMC9209723 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1950s, Alan Turing showed that concerted reactions and diffusion of activating and inhibiting chemical species can autonomously generate patterns without previous positional information, thus providing a chemical basis for morphogenesis in Nature. However, access to these patterns from only one molecular component that contained all the necessary information to execute agonistic and antagonistic signaling is so far an elusive goal, since two or more participants with different diffusivities are a must. Here, we report on a single-molecule system that generates Turing patterns arrested in the solid state, where supramolecular interactions are used instead of chemical reactions, whereas diffusional differences arise from heterogeneously populated self-assembled products. We employ a family of hydroxylated organic salphen building blocks based on a bis-Schiff-base scaffold with portions responsible for either activation or inhibition of assemblies at different hierarchies through purely supramolecular reactions, only depending upon the solvent dielectric constant and evaporation as fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha V Escárcega-Bobadilla
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Maldonado-Domínguez
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Computational Chemistry, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Margarita Romero-Ávila
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A Zelada-Guillén
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
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6
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Dhawan S, Singh H, Dutta S, Haridas V. Designer peptides as versatile building blocks for functional materials. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 68:128733. [PMID: 35421579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and pseudopeptides show distinct self-assembled nanostructures such as fibers, nanotubes, vesicles, micelles, toroids, helices and rods. The formation of such molecular communities through the collective behavior of molecules is not fully understood at a molecular level. All these self-assembled nanostructured materials have a wide range of applications such as drug delivery, gene delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, catalysis, tissue engineering, nano-electronics and sensing. Self-assembly is one of the most efficient and a simple strategy to generate complex functional materials. Owing to its significance, the last few decades witnessed a remarkable advancement in the field of self-assembling peptides with a plethora of new designer synthetic systems being discovered. These systems range from amphiphilic, cyclic, linear and polymeric peptides. This article presents only selected examples of such self-assembling peptides and pseudopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Dhawan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hanuman Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Souvik Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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7
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Di Bella S. Lewis acidic zinc(II) salen-type Schiff-base complexes: sensing properties and responsive nanostructures. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6050-6063. [PMID: 33876173 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00949d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this frontier article some peculiar characteristics of Zn(salen)-type Schiff-base complexes are reviewed. The paper is mainly focused on the most recent and relevant achievements on responsive supramolecular nanostructures and sensing properties, both of them related to the Lewis acidic character of the ZnII centre in these molecular species, providing an interpretation of these features. The sensing properties of Zn(salen)-type complexes mainly originate from optical spectroscopic changes associated with the formation of the adducts upon addition of a Lewis base (analyte), either by deaggregation of dimeric species or displacement of the solvent coordinated to the metal centre. In both cases the direct sensing is related either to the Lewis acidic character of the complex as well as to the Lewis basicity of the analyte. The formation of responsive nanostructures with fluorescent, and/or vapochromic, mechanochromic, and thermochromic characteristics is driven by non-mutual intermolecular ZnO interactions, further stabilized by π-π stacking interactions and/or interdigitation of the alkyl side groups. The Lewis acidic character is not a prerogative of Zn(salen)-type complexes of tetradentate Schiff-bases. Many other classes of ZnII complexes can possess this property. A correct interpretation of their chemistry is certainly useful for further development of these classical coordination compounds as new molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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8
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Liang T, Wang Y, Shi G, Cui Z, Fu P, Qiao X, He Y, Liu M, Pang X. Unconventional Approach to Fabricating a TiO 2 Nanoring with Precise Dimension Control Based on Starlike Polymeric Nanoreactors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3456-3463. [PMID: 33792312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The past few years witnessed the rapid development of bottom-up synthesis strategies for preparing various nanostructures (i.e., nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, etc.) with distinct morphology-dependent properties. In this study, we reported a facile and efficient synthesis method for preparing anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorings based on multiarm, starlike amphiphilic polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) diblock copolymers as nanoreactors which were prepared via a sequential atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique followed by the conversion of polystyrene-b-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PS-b-PtBA) to PS-b-PAA. The outer PAA block of nanoreactors possessed carboxylic acid groups which could coordinate with a titanium precursor followed by high-temperature calcination to form crystalline TiO2 nanorings. The living nature of ATRP enabled the precise preparation of starlike diblock copolymer nanoreactors with a controlled length of each block (i.e., PtBA and PS), thereby tailoring the inner diameter and wall thickness of the resulting TiO2 nanorings, which were inaccessible to conventional routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Liang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ge Shi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiao
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanjie He
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Minying Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinchang Pang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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9
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Zelada-Guillén GA, Hernández-Pacheco P, Romero-Ávila M, Cañas-Alonso RC, Flores-Álamo M, Escárcega-Bobadilla MV. Acrylic Polymers Containing a Nickel Salphen Complex: An Approach to Supramolecular and Macromolecular Systems. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2546-2556. [PMID: 32945594 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and crystallographic analysis is reported of a new Nickel Salphen complex and its radical copolymerization with n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate to produce novel host macromolecules with tunable association against guest anions. Spectrophotometric titrations of the complex and of the polymers revealed that a supramolecular regulation of guest-binding accessibility was enabled by the number of Ni-Salphen units per chain. The latter content in turn, determined the chain size and molecular weight uniformity upon polymerization, and likely increased the strength in interchain/intrachain non-covalent interactions over the nickel center and the acrylic domains. The study also showed that incorporation of the monomer into the acrylic polymer backbone opened the possibility for the nickel binding site to gain access to host:guest stoichiometric discrimination, switching from 1 : 1 (major) and 1 : 2 (minor) both coexisting for the host when in the free form, to mostly 1 : 2 when in the polymerized version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Zelada-Guillén
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Paulina Hernández-Pacheco
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Margarita Romero-Ávila
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Carlos Cañas-Alonso
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Marcos Flores-Álamo
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha V Escárcega-Bobadilla
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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10
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Urbani M, Torres T. A Constrained and "Inverted" [3+3] Salphen Macrocycle with an ortho-Phenylethynyl Substitution Pattern. Chemistry 2020; 26:1683-1690. [PMID: 31821617 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A [3+3] Schiff-base salphen macrocycle (7 a) was synthesized by imine condensation between ortho-phenylenediamine and ortho-phenylethynyl-bridged bis(5-salicylaldehyde) precursors. The triangular-shaped macrocycle 7 a has a nonclassical (or "inverted") design in which the N2 O2 coordination pockets are located at the sides instead of the corners. Compound 7 a could be synthesized in a reasonably good yield (64 %) considering the steric constraints imposed by the ortho substitution pattern. Subsequent zinc metalation afforded the corresponding Zn metallomacrocycle 7 b. Spectroscopic experiments evidenced weak (7 a) to strong (7 b) self-aggregation behavior in solution. Their ability to self-organize at the supramolecular level was further studied in the solid state by AFM and TEM, which revealed the formation of large bundles of fibers with lengths of several micrometers and widths of nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Interview with Arjan W. Kleij. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo90110h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Dhawan S, Singh H, Ghosh S, Khokhar V, Pandey S, Banerjee M, Haridas V. Unprecedented formation of reverse micellar vesicles from psuedopeptidic bottlebrush polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12005-12008. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01717e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of psuedopeptidic polymers to vesicles is reported and the mechanism of this spherical assembly has also been delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Dhawan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
| | - Hanuman Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
| | - Sukanya Ghosh
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
| | - Vaishali Khokhar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
| | - Siddharth Pandey
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
| | - Manidipa Banerjee
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
| | - V. Haridas
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
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13
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Yoshida E. Perforated vesicles composed of amphiphilic diblock copolymer: new artificial biomembrane model of nuclear envelope. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9849-9857. [PMID: 31657436 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01832h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of creating a new artificial model of a biomembrane for the nuclear envelope, perforated vesicles were prepared employing an amphiphilic diblock copolymer of poly(methacrylic acid)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate-random-methacrylic acid-random-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate), PMAA-b-P(MMA-r-MAA-r-TPMA), by polymerization-induced self-assembly through photo nitroxide-mediated controlled/living radical polymerization (photo NMP). The photo NMP in an aqueous methanol solution produced spherical vesicles perforated with various holes and pores in the surface. The perforation of the vesicles was prevented by trifluoroacetic acid based on the disturbance of the MAA-TPMA interaction in the hydrophobic block chain. The investigation of the morphology changes by the polymerization progress revealed that the perforated spherical vesicles were produced within the membrane of contorted huge vesicles that were formed during the early stage of the polymerization due to the extension of the hydrophobic block chain. The perforated vesicles were found to show a reversible thermo-responsive behavior in the range of 25-50 °C based on dynamic light scattering and transmittance measurements. The vesicles were fused and divided into much smaller vesicles at high temperature, but were restored by cooling. However, the restored vesicles only had a few holes and no pores in the surface. The rearrangement of the MAA-TPMA interaction at high temperature produced more morphologically stable non-perforated vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
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14
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Consiglio G, Oliveri IP, Failla S, Di Bella S. On the Aggregation and Sensing Properties of Zinc(II) Schiff-Base Complexes of Salen-Type Ligands. Molecules 2019; 24:E2514. [PMID: 31324053 PMCID: PMC6651702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc(II) ion forms stable complexes with a wide variety of ligands, but those related to Schiff-bases are among the most largely investigated. This review deals with the peculiar aggregation characteristics of Zn(II) Schiff-base complexes from tetradentate N2O2 salen-type ligands, L, derivatives from salicylaldehydes and 1,2-diamines, and is mostly focused on their spectroscopic properties in solution. Thanks to their Lewis acidic character, ZnL complexes show interesting structural, nanostructural, and aggregation/deaggregation properties in relation to the absence/presence of a Lewis base. Deaggregation of these complexes is accompanied by relevant changes of their spectroscopic properties that can appropriately be exploited for sensing Lewis bases. Thus, ZnL complexes have been investigated as chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensors of charged and neutral Lewis bases, including cell imaging, and have shown to be selective and sensitive to the Lewis basicity of the involved species. From these studies emerges that these popular, Lewis acidic bis(salicylaldiminato)Zn(II) Schiff-base complexes represent classical coordination compounds for modern applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Consiglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ivan Pietro Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Failla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Santo Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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15
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Zelada-Guillén GA, Cuéllar-Sánchez AB, Romero-Ávila M, Escárcega-Bobadilla MV. Synthesis of a Novel Zn-Salphen Building Block and Its Acrylic Terpolymer Counterparts as Tunable Supramolecular Recognition Systems. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24122245. [PMID: 31208097 PMCID: PMC6631749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present the synthesis of a novel Zn-Salphen complex containing an allyl group, which was used as building block in the further preparation of a new family of functional terpolymers. These polymers were obtained through radical co-polymerization with methyl metacrylate (MMA) and n-butyl acrylate (nBuA) in different ratios. The supramolecular recognition behavior of each polymer was evaluated via potentiometric measurements against selected anions in aqueous media. Interestingly, this proof of concept study shows that these systems were selective against only fluoride (F−) or both, fluoride and acetate (OAc−), by tailoring the relative content of Zn-Salphen monomer, thus making them a promising starting point for modular design of chemical sensors through straightforward synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Zelada-Guillén
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Ana B Cuéllar-Sánchez
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Margarita Romero-Ávila
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Martha V Escárcega-Bobadilla
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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16
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Arjan W. Kleij. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Arjan W. Kleij. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Arenas-García J, Escárcega-Bobadilla MV, Zelada-Guillén GA. Grafting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene to Enable Self-Assembly and Anisotropic Patchiness. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29658933 DOI: 10.3791/56267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a straightforward protocol to graft pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polystyrene (PS) chains at the sidewalls through a free-radical polymerization strategy to enable the modulation of the nanotube surface properties and produce supramolecular self-assembly of the nanostructures. First, a selective hydroxylation of the pristine nanotubes through a biphasic catalytically mediated oxidation reaction creates superficially distributed reactive sites at the sidewalls. The latter reactive sites are subsequently modified with methacrylic moieties using a silylated methacrylic precursor to create polymerizable sites. Those polymerizable groups can address further polymerization of styrene to produce a hybrid nanomaterial containing PS chains grafted to the nanotube sidewalls. The polymer-graft content, amount of silylated methacrylic moieties introduced and hydroxylation modification of the nanotubes are identified and quantified by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The presence of reactive functional groups hydroxyl and silylated methacrylate are confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Polystyrene-grafted carbon nanotube solutions in tetrahydrofuran (THF) provide wall-to-wall collinearly self-assembled nanotubes when cast samples are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Those self-assemblies are not obtained when suitable blanks are similarly cast from analogous solutions containing non-grafted counterparts. Therefore, this method enables the modification of the nanotube anisotropic patchiness at the sidewalls which results into spontaneous auto-organization at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Arenas-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico
| | | | - Gustavo A Zelada-Guillén
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico;
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19
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Pyrlin SV, Hine NDM, Kleij AW, Ramos MMD. Self-assembly of bis-salphen compounds: from semiflexible chains to webs of nanorings. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1181-1194. [PMID: 29349462 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02371e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The recently-observed self-assembly of certain salphen-based compounds into neuron-like networks of microrings interconnected with nano-thin strings may suggest a new highly-potent tool for nanoscale patterning. However, the mechanism behind such phenomena needs to be clarified before they can be applied in materials design. Here we show that, in contrast with what was initially presumed, the emergence of a "rings-and-rods" pattern is unlikely to be explained by merging, collapse and piercing of vesicles as in previously reported cases of nanorings self-assembly via non-bonding interactions. We propose an alternative explanation: the compounds under study form a 1D coordination polymer, the fibres of which are elastic enough to fold into toroidal globules upon solvent evaporation, while being able to link separate chains into extended networks. This becomes possible because the structure of the compound's scaffold is found to adopt a very different conformation from that inferred in the original work. Based on ab initio and molecular dynamics calculations we propose a step-by-step description of self-assembly process of a supramolecular structure which explains all the observed phenomena in a simple and clear way. The individual roles of the compound' s scaffold structure, coordination centres, functional groups and solvent effects are also explained, opening a route to control the morphology of self-assembled networks and to synthesize new compounds exhibiting similar behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Pyrlin
- Department of Physics and Center of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.
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20
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Pushkarev AP, Balashova TV, Kukinov AA, Arsenyev MV, Yablonskiy AN, Kryzhkov DI, Andreev BA, Rumyantcev RV, Fukin GK, Bochkarev MN. Sensitization of NIR luminescence of Yb 3+ by Zn 2+ chromophores in heterometallic complexes with a bridging Schiff-base ligand. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:10408-10417. [PMID: 28745339 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01340j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, complexes [ZnL]2 (1), {(H2O)Zn(μ-L)Yb[OCH(CF3)2]3} (2), {[(CF3)2HCO]Zn(μ-L)Yb[OCH(CF3)2](μ-OH)}2 (3), and [(H2O)Ln2(L)3] (Ln = Yb (4) and Gd (5)) containing a bridging Schiff-base ligand (H2L = N,N'-bis(3-methoxy salicylidene)phenylene-1,2-diamine) were synthesized. The compounds 1-4 were structurally characterized. The ytterbium derivatives 2-4 exhibited bright NIR metal-centred photoluminescence (PL) of Yb3+ ion under one- (λex = 380 nm) and two-photon (λex = 750 nm) excitation. The superior luminescence properties of complex 2, which was suggested as a marker for NIR bioimaging, were explained via the strong absorption of the 375 nm LMCT state of the ZnL chromophore, efficient energy transfer from ZnL towards Yb3+ through a reversible ligand-to-lanthanide electron transfer process, and absence of luminescence quenchers (C-H and O-H groups) in the first coordination sphere of the rare-earth atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly P Pushkarev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation. and Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana V Balashova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey A Kukinov
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina avenue 23/2, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim V Arsenyev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation. and Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina avenue 23/2, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Artem N Yablonskiy
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina avenue 23/2, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation and Institute for Physics of Microstructures of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 ul. Akademicheskaya, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Denis I Kryzhkov
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina avenue 23/2, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation and Institute for Physics of Microstructures of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 ul. Akademicheskaya, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Boris A Andreev
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina avenue 23/2, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation and Institute for Physics of Microstructures of Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 ul. Akademicheskaya, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V Rumyantcev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Georgy K Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail N Bochkarev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation. and Nizhny Novgorod State University, Gagarina avenue 23/2, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
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21
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Synthesis, characterization and supramolecular building motifs of substituted salphen- and thiasalphen–metal complexes. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Tian Y, Yan X, Saha ML, Niu Z, Stang PJ. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Responsive Organoplatinum(II) Metallacycle–TMV Complexes with Turn-On Fluorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12033-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Manik Lal Saha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zhongwei Niu
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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23
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Ilday S, Ilday FÖ, Hübner R, Prosa TJ, Martin I, Nogay G, Kabacelik I, Mics Z, Bonn M, Turchinovich D, Toffoli H, Toffoli D, Friedrich D, Schmidt B, Heinig KH, Turan R. Multiscale Self-Assembly of Silicon Quantum Dots into an Anisotropic Three-Dimensional Random Network. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1942-1948. [PMID: 26865561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiscale self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature but its deliberate use to synthesize multifunctional three-dimensional materials remains rare, partly due to the notoriously difficult problem of controlling topology from atomic to macroscopic scales to obtain intended material properties. Here, we propose a simple, modular, noncolloidal methodology that is based on exploiting universality in stochastic growth dynamics and driving the growth process under far-from-equilibrium conditions toward a preplanned structure. As proof of principle, we demonstrate a confined-but-connected solid structure, comprising an anisotropic random network of silicon quantum-dots that hierarchically self-assembles from the atomic to the microscopic scales. First, quantum-dots form to subsequently interconnect without inflating their diameters to form a random network, and this network then grows in a preferential direction to form undulated and branching nanowire-like structures. This specific topology simultaneously achieves two scale-dependent features, which were previously thought to be mutually exclusive: good electrical conduction on the microscale and a bandgap tunable over a range of energies on the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serim Ilday
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Middle East Technical University , 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ty J Prosa
- CAMECA Instruments Inc. , Madison, Wisconsin 53711 United States
| | - Isabelle Martin
- CAMECA Instruments Inc. , Madison, Wisconsin 53711 United States
| | - Gizem Nogay
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University , 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Kabacelik
- Department of Physics, Akdeniz University , 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Zoltan Mics
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dmitry Turchinovich
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hande Toffoli
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University , 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Daniele Toffoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universita di Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - David Friedrich
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Heinig
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rasit Turan
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University , 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Oliveira EYS, Bode R, Escárcega-Bobadilla MV, Zelada-Guillén GA, Maier G. Polymer nanocomposites from self-assembled polystyrene-grafted carbon nanotubes. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly and anisotropic patchiness generate long-range networks in polymer-grafted carbon nanotubes, opening new possibilities using industrially attractive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Y. S. Oliveira
- Polymaterials AG
- 87600 Kaufbeuren
- Germany
- Faculty of Biology
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)
| | - Ralf Bode
- Polymaterials AG
- 87600 Kaufbeuren
- Germany
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25
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Lee T, Choi JW. Fabrication of fusion protein-based heterolayers composed of redox protein/myoglobin for bioelectronic device. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-016-0204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Decortes A, Haak RM, Martín C, Belmonte MM, Martin E, Benet-Buchholz J, Kleij AW. Copolymerization of CO2 and Cyclohexene Oxide Mediated by Yb(salen)-Based Complexes. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Decortes
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Robert M. Haak
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Martín
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez Belmonte
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eddy Martin
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical
Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan
Institute
of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Redox state control of a metalloprotein to generate multi-level signals for applications to bioelectronic devices. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-015-9307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Martin E, Martínez Belmonte M, Escudero-Adán EC, Kleij AW. Exploring the Building-Block Potential of Readily Accessible Chiral [Zn(salen)] Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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