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Mitsutome Y, Toki T, Kagoshima T, Sano Y, Tomonaga Y, Ijiri A. Estimation of the depth of origin of fluids using noble gases in the surface sediments of submarine mud volcanoes off Tanegashima Island. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5051. [PMID: 37024563 PMCID: PMC10079976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The helium isotope ratio (3He/4He), concentration ratio of neon-20 to helium-4 (20Ne/4He), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), and xenon (Xe) concentrations were measured in the porewater of surface sediments of several submarine mud volcanoes. From the 3He/4He values (0.18-0.93RA), the estimated He origin is almost 90% crustal He, with little contribution from mantle-derived He. The determined Ar, Kr, and Xe concentrations lie within the solubility equilibrium range expected for temperatures from 83 °C up to 230 °C and are consistent with the temperature range of the dehydration origin of clay minerals. Considering the geothermal gradient in the investigated region (25 °C/km), these gases are considered to have reached dissolution equilibrium at a depth of about 3.3 km to 9.2 km below the seafloor. As the depth of the plate boundary is 18 km below the seafloor, the noble gas signatures are likely to originate from the crust, not from the plate boundary. This is consistent with the results presented by the He isotope ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mitsutome
- Chemistry Biology and Marine Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Toki
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8047, Japan.
| | - Takanori Kagoshima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Yuji Sano
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
- Center for Advanced Marie Core Research, Kochi University, 200B Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Yama Tomonaga
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Hydrogeology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Akira Ijiri
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaemiinamimachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
- Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 200B Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
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2
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Kawagucci S, Sakai S, Tasumi E, Hirai M, Takaki Y, Nunoura T, Saitoh M, Ueno Y, Yoshida N, Shibuya T, Clifford Sample J, Okumura T, Takai K. Deep Subseafloor Biogeochemical Processes and Microbial Populations Potentially Associated with the 2011 Tohoku-oki Earthquake at the Japan Trench Accretionary Wedge (IODP Expedition 343). Microbes Environ 2023; 38:n/a. [PMID: 37331792 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-mega-earthquake geochemical and microbiological properties in subseafloor sediments of the Japan Trench accretionary wedge were investigated using core samples from Hole C0019E, which was drilled down to 851 m below seafloor (mbsf) at a water depth of 6,890 m. Methane was abundant throughout accretionary prism sediments; however, its concentration decreased close to the plate boundary decollement. Methane isotope systematics indicated a biogenic origin. The content of mole-cular hydrogen (H2) was low throughout core samples, but markedly increased at specific depths that were close to potential faults predicted by logging-while-drilling ana-lyses. Based on isotopic systematics, H2 appeared to have been abundantly produced via a low-temperature interaction between pore water and the fresh surface of crushed rock induced by earthquakes. Subseafloor microbial cell density remained constant at approximately 105 cells mL-1. Amplicon sequences revealed that predominant members at the phylum level were common throughout the units tested, which also included members frequently found in anoxic subseafloor sediments. Metabolic potential assays using radioactive isotopes as tracers revealed homoacetogenic activity in H2-enriched core samples collected near the fault. Furthermore, homoacetogenic bacteria, including Acetobacterium carbinolicum, were isolated from similar samples. Therefore, post-earthquake subseafloor microbial communities in the Japan Trench accretionary prism appear to be episodically dominated by homoacetogenic populations and potentially function due to the earthquake-induced low-temperature generation of H2. These post-earthquake microbial communities may eventually return to the steady-state communities dominated by oligotrophic heterotrophs and hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic methanogens that are dependent on refractory organic matter in the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Kawagucci
- Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-STAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
- Marine Biodiversity and Environmental Assessment Research Center (BioEnv), Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
| | - Sanae Sakai
- Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-STAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
| | - Eiji Tasumi
- Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-STAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
| | - Miho Hirai
- Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-STAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
| | - Yoshihiro Takaki
- Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-STAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
| | - Takuro Nunoura
- Research Center for Bioscience and Nanoscience (CeBN), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
| | | | - Yuichiro Ueno
- Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-STAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
| | - Takazo Shibuya
- Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-STAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
| | | | - Tomoyo Okumura
- Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University
| | - Ken Takai
- Super-cutting-edge Grand and Advanced Research (SUGAR) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-STAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
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3
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Hydrochemical Characteristics of Earthquake-Related Thermal Springs along the Weixi–Qiaohou Fault, Southeast Tibet Plateau. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Weixi–Qiaohou Fault (WQF) is considered an important zone of the western boundary of the Sichuan–Yunnan block, and its seismicity has attracted much attention after a series of moderate–strong earthquakes, especially the Yangbi Ms6.4 earthquake that occurred on 21 May 2021. In the present research, we investigate major and trace elements, as well as hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, of 10 hot springs sites located along the WQF, which are recharged by infiltrated precipitation from 1.9 to 3.1 km. The hydrochemical types of most analyzed geothermal waters are HCO3SO4-Na, SO4Cl-NaCa, and SO4-Ca, proving that they are composed of immature water and thus are characterized by weak water–rock reactions. The heat storage temperature range was from 44.1 °C to 101.1 °C; the circulation depth was estimated to range between 1.4 and 4.3 km. The results of annual data analysis showed that Na+, Cl−, and SO42− in hot springs decreased by 11.20% to 23.80% north of the Yangbi Ms5.1 earthquake, which occurred on 27 March 2017, but increased by 5.0% to 28.45% to the south; this might be correlated with the difference in seismicity within the fault zone. The results of continuous measurements of NJ (H1) and EYXX (H2) showed irregular variation anomalies 20 days before the Yangbi Ms6.4 earthquake. In addition, Cl− concentration is more sensitive to near-field seismicity with respect to Na+ and SO42−. We finally obtained a conceptual model on the origin of groundwater and the hydrogeochemical cycling process in the WQF. The results suggest that anomalies in the water chemistry of hot spring water can be used as a valid indicator of earthquake precursors.
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4
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Zhang M, Guo Z, Xu S, Barry PH, Sano Y, Zhang L, Halldórsson SA, Chen AT, Cheng Z, Liu CQ, Li SL, Lang YC, Zheng G, Li Z, Li L, Li Y. Linking deeply-sourced volatile emissions to plateau growth dynamics in southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4157. [PMID: 34230487 PMCID: PMC8260613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The episodic growth of high-elevation orogenic plateaux is controlled by a series of geodynamic processes. However, determining the underlying mechanisms that drive plateau growth dynamics over geological history and constraining the depths at which growth originates, remains challenging. Here we present He-CO2-N2 systematics of hydrothermal fluids that reveal the existence of a lithospheric-scale fault system in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, whereby multi-stage plateau growth occurred in the geological past and continues to the present. He isotopes provide unambiguous evidence for the involvement of mantle-scale dynamics in lateral expansion and localized surface uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. The excellent correlation between 3He/4He values and strain rates, along the strike of Indian indentation into Asia, suggests non-uniform distribution of stresses between the plateau boundary and interior, which modulate southeastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau within the context of India-Asia convergence. Our results demonstrate that deeply-sourced volatile geochemistry can be used to constrain deep dynamic processes involved in orogenic plateau growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoliang Zhang
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengfu Guo
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peter H. Barry
- grid.56466.370000 0004 0504 7510Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Yuji Sano
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XAtmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan ,grid.278276.e0000 0001 0659 9825Present Address: Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Lihong Zhang
- grid.449571.a0000 0000 9663 2459School of Geology and Geomatics, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sæmundur A. Halldórsson
- grid.14013.370000 0004 0640 0021NordVulk, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ai-Ti Chen
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Earth Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun-Chao Lang
- grid.33763.320000 0004 1761 2484Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongping Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liwu Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- grid.450296.c0000 0000 9558 2971Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
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5
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Park JO, Takahata N, Jamali Hondori E, Yamaguchi A, Kagoshima T, Tsuru T, Fujie G, Sun Y, Ashi J, Yamano M, Sano Y. Mantle-derived helium released through the Japan trench bend-faults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12026. [PMID: 34127710 PMCID: PMC8203651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plate bending-related normal faults (i.e. bend-faults) develop at the outer trench-slope of the oceanic plate incoming into the subduction zone. Numerous geophysical studies and numerical simulations suggest that bend-faults play a key role by providing pathways for seawater to flow into the oceanic crust and the upper mantle, thereby promoting hydration of the oceanic plate. However, deep penetration of seawater along bend-faults remains controversial because fluids that have percolated down into the mantle are difficult to detect. This report presents anomalously high helium isotope (3He/4He) ratios in sediment pore water and seismic reflection data which suggest fluid infiltration into the upper mantle and subsequent outflow through bend-faults across the outer slope of the Japan trench. The 3He/4He and 4He/20Ne ratios at sites near-trench bend-faults, which are close to the isotopic ratios of bottom seawater, are almost constant with depth, supporting local seawater inflow. Our findings provide the first reported evidence for a potentially large-scale active hydrothermal circulation system through bend-faults across the Moho (crust-mantle boundary) in and out of the oceanic lithospheric mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Oh Park
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - Naoto Takahata
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Asuka Yamaguchi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takanori Kagoshima
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Tsuru
- Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gou Fujie
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yue Sun
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Juichiro Ashi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamano
- Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Sano
- Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
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6
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Cao C, Li L, DU L, Wang Y, He J. The Use of Noble Gas Isotopes in Detecting Methane Contamination of Groundwater in Shale Gas Development Areas: An Overview of Technology and Methods. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:521-530. [PMID: 32173675 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19sbr01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by stray gas (mainly methane) in areas of shale-gas development has captured publics, political and scientific attention. However, the sources and potential mechanisms of groundwater contamination are still debated. Noble gases can provide useful information on fluid migration for discerning the scale, conditions, and physical mechanisms. In this study, details about analytical technology and theoretical approach of noble gases in tracing groundwater contaminations are presented. In addition, applications of noble-gases isotopes for determining contamination sources and potential pathways are explored and reviewed. Recent developments are discussed and highlighted with focusing on new utilities of noble-gas isotope parameters in evaluating groundwater contamination. Some usages of indicators (4He/20Ne, CH4/36Ar, 4He/CH4, etc.) are discussed through specific research articles. And it is a new trend to make comprehensive use of multiple geochemical parameters to determine the occurrence, source, and process of methane pollution in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Cao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key Lab of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/Key Lab of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS
| | - Liwu Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key Lab of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/Key Lab of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS
| | - Li DU
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key Lab of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/Key Lab of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key Lab of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/Key Lab of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS.,College of Earth Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jian He
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Key Lab of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/Key Lab of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, CAS
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7
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High 3He/ 4He ratios in lower East Rift Zone steaming vents precede a new phase of Kilauea 2018 eruption by 8 months. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11860. [PMID: 31413288 PMCID: PMC6694148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
On May 1, 2018, a magnitude 5.0 earthquake heralded the collapse of the Pu’u O’o Vent on the middle East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kilauea Volcano, active since 1983. Increased seismicity was recorded on the middle to lower ERZ from April 30 until May 2, 2018. The active lava lakes within both Pu’u O’o Vent and Halema’uma’u Crater began to drain and the summit caldera began to deflate, with the summit collapse ending on August 2, 2018 and lower ERZ eruptive lava activity ending by 4 September 2018. Herein we report on elevated 3He/4He ratios in steaming vents in the lower ERZ from samples collected in early September 2017. Gas isotopic measurements were made with a new, field-portable He isotope detector capable of sub-daily monitoring of the 3He/4He ratio. When corrected for air contamination, these values exceed those previously reported for Kilauea by nearly twofold, resembling a purer hotspot plume signature, such as those measured directly over the mantle plume at Loihi Seamount to the SE of Hawaii Island, and in older basalt flows when Kilauea and its sister Hawaiian shield volcanoes were located more directly over the plume. The discovery, which presages the eruption there by more than eight months, suggests that we either sampled a 3He/4He rich magma already in place in the lower ERZ or a shallow groundwater reservoir in the lower ERZ (Puna district) with anomalously low values of 4He relative to their 3He/4He ratio, similar to previous findings there and suggestive of a previously unknown He isotopic fractionation.
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8
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Mantle fluids associated with crustal-scale faulting in a continental subduction setting, Taiwan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10805. [PMID: 31346198 PMCID: PMC6658536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report noble gas signatures of groundwater, hot springs, and bedrock samples from a major fault system that separates regional-scale blocks of accreted, continental materials in southern Taiwan. Despite the continental setting, the isotopic signatures argue for the presence of mantle derived fluids, suggesting that the active fault system is deep-seated. This is consistent with deep, non-volcanic tremors identified in the same area. We speculate that the mantle fluids are escaping along a crustal-scale fault marked by clusters of non-volcanic tremors directly beneath the southern Central Range. The evidence of these tremors and electrical conductivity anomalies along the strike of the fault recognized previously correlated up dip with the surface trace of a major active fault support the hypothesis.
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GAMO T, SHITASHIMA K. Chemical characteristics of hadal waters in the Izu-Ogasawara Trench of the western Pacific Ocean. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2018; 94:45-55. [PMID: 29321446 PMCID: PMC5829614 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.94.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Vertical profiles of potential temperature, salinity, and some chemical components were obtained at a trench station (29°05'N, 142°51'E; depth = 9768 m) in the Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin) Trench in 1984 and 1994 to characterize the hadal waters below ∼6000 m depth. We compared portions of both the 1984 and 1994 profiles with nearby data obtained between 1976 and 2013. Results demonstrated that the hadal waters had slightly higher potential temperature and nitrate and lower dissolved oxygen than waters at sill depths (∼6000 m) outside the trench, probably due to the effective accumulation of geothermal heat and active biological processes inside the trench. The silicate, iron, and manganese profiles in 1984 showed slight but significant increases below ∼6000 m depth, suggesting that these components may have been intermittently supplied from the trench bottom. Significant amounts of 222Rn in excess over 226Ra were detected in the hadal waters up to 2675 m from the bottom, reflecting laterally supplied 222Rn from the trench walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka GAMO
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: T. Gamo, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Kiminori SHITASHIMA
- School of Marine Resources and Environment, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Jensen KR, Hondo T, Sumino H, Toyoda M. Instrumentation and Method Development for On-Site Analysis of Helium Isotopes. Anal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk R. Jensen
- Project
Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Hondo
- Project
Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hirochika Sumino
- Department
of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Project
Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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11
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Wen HY, Sano Y, Takahata N, Tomonaga Y, Ishida A, Tanaka K, Kagoshima T, Shirai K, Ishibashi JI, Yokose H, Tsunogai U, Yang TF. Helium and methane sources and fluxes of shallow submarine hydrothermal plumes near the Tokara Islands, Southern Japan. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34126. [PMID: 27671524 PMCID: PMC5037448 DOI: 10.1038/srep34126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Shallow submarine volcanoes have been newly discovered near the Tokara Islands, which are situated at the volcanic front of the northern Ryukyu Arc in southern Japan. Here, we report for the first time the volatile geochemistry of shallow hydrothermal plumes, which were sampled using a CTD-RMS system after analyzing water column images collected by multi-beam echo sounder surveys. These surveys were performed during the research cruise KS-14-10 of the R/V Shinsei Maru in a region stretching from the Wakamiko Crater to the Tokara Islands. The 3He flux and methane flux in the investigated area are estimated to be (0.99–2.6) × 104 atoms/cm2/sec and 6–60 t/yr, respectively. The methane in the region of the Tokara Islands is a mix between abiotic methane similar to that found in the East Pacific Rise and thermogenic one. Methane at the Wakamiko Crater is of abiotic origin but affected by isotopic fractionation through rapid microbial oxidation. The helium isotopes suggest the presence of subduction-type mantle helium at the Wakamiko Crater, while a larger crustal component is found close to the Tokara Islands. This suggests that the Tokara Islands submarine volcanoes are a key feature of the transition zone between the volcanic front and the spreading back-arc basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Wen
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.,Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Sano
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.,Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahata
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yama Tomonaga
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akizumi Ishida
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kotaro Shirai
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hisayoshi Yokose
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Urumu Tsunogai
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Tsanyao F Yang
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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Nunoura T, Hirai M, Yoshida-Takashima Y, Nishizawa M, Kawagucci S, Yokokawa T, Miyazaki J, Koide O, Makita H, Takaki Y, Sunamura M, Takai K. Distribution and Niche Separation of Planktonic Microbial Communities in the Water Columns from the Surface to the Hadal Waters of the Japan Trench under the Eutrophic Ocean. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1261. [PMID: 27559333 PMCID: PMC4978738 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japan Trench is located under the eutrophic Northwestern Pacific while the Mariana Trench that harbors the unique hadal planktonic biosphere is located under the oligotrophic Pacific. Water samples from the sea surface to just above the seafloor at a total of 11 stations including a trench axis station, were investigated several months after the Tohoku Earthquake in March 2011. High turbidity zones in deep waters were observed at most of the sampling stations. The small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene community structures in the hadal waters (water depths below 6000 m) at the trench axis station were distinct from those in the overlying meso-, bathy and abyssopelagic waters (water depths between 200 and 1000 m, 1000 and 4000 m, and 4000 and 6000 m, respectively), although the SSU rRNA gene sequences suggested that potential heterotrophic bacteria dominated in all of the waters. Potential niche separation of nitrifiers, including ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), was revealed by quantitative PCR analyses. It seems likely that Nitrosopumilus-like AOAs respond to a high flux of electron donors and dominate in several zones of water columns including shallow and very deep waters. This study highlights the effects of suspended organic matter, as induced by seafloor deformation, on microbial communities in deep waters and confirm the occurrence of the distinctive hadal biosphere in global trench environments hypothesized in the previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Nunoura
- Marine Functional Biology Group, Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Miho Hirai
- Marine Functional Biology Group, Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida-Takashima
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Manabu Nishizawa
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kawagucci
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Taichi Yokokawa
- Marine Functional Biology Group, Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Junichi Miyazaki
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Osamu Koide
- Marine Functional Biology Group, Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Makita
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takaki
- Marine Functional Biology Group, Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyYokosuka, Japan; Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and TechnologyYokosuka, Japan
| | - Michinari Sunamura
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takai
- Department of Subsurface Geobiological Analysis and Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka, Japan
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