1
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D'Antoni P, Sementa L, Bonacchi S, Reato M, Maran F, Fortunelli A, Stener M. Combined experimental and computational study of the photoabsorption of the monodoped and nondoped nanoclusters Au 24Pt(SR) 18, Ag 24Pt(SR) 18, and Ag 25(SR) 18. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17569-17576. [PMID: 38867581 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Assessing the accuracy of first-principles computational approaches is instrumental to predict electronic excitations in metal nanoclusters with quantitative confidence. Here we describe a validation study on the optical response of a set of monolayer-protected clusters (MPC). The photoabsorption spectra of Ag25(DMBT)18-, Ag24Pt(DMBT)182- and Au24Pt(SC4H9)18, where DMBT is 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiolate and SC4H9 is n-butylthiolate, have been obtained at low temperature and compared with accurate TDDFT calculations. An excellent match between theory and experiment, with typical deviations of less than 0.1 eV, was obtained, thereby validating the accuracy and reliability of the proposed computational framework. Moreover, an analysis of the TDDFT simulations allowed us to ascribe all relevant spectral features to specific transitions between occupied/virtual orbital pairs. The doping effect of Pt on the optical response of these ultrasmall MPC systems was identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo D'Antoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sara Bonacchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Mattia Reato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Alessandro Fortunelli
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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2
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Tsukamoto T. Recent advances in atomic cluster synthesis: a perspective from chemical elements. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10533-10550. [PMID: 38651597 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06522g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite its potential significance, "cluster chemistry" remains a somewhat marginalized topic within the chemistry field. However, atomic clusters with their unusual and unique structures and properties represent a novel material group situated between molecules and nanoparticles or solid matter, judging from both scientific standpoints and historical backgrounds. Surveying an entire material group, including all substances that can be regarded as a cluster, is essential for establishing cluster chemistry as a more prominent chemistry field. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding by categorizing, summarizing, and reviewing clusters, focusing on their constituent elements in the periodic table. However, because numerous disparate synthetic processes have been individually developed to date, their straightforward and uniform classification is a challenging task. As such, comprehensively reviewing this field from a chemical composition viewpoint presents significant obstacles. It should be therefore noted that despite adopting a synthetic method-based classification in this review, the discussions presented herein could entail inaccuracies. Nevertheless, this unorthodox viewpoint unfolds a new scientific perspective which accentuates the common ground between different development processes by emphasizing the lack of a definitive border between their synthetic methods and material groups, thus opening new avenues for cementing cluster chemistry as an attractive chemistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Tsukamoto
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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3
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Albright EL, Levchenko TI, Kulkarni VK, Sullivan AI, DeJesus JF, Malola S, Takano S, Nambo M, Stamplecoskie K, Häkkinen H, Tsukuda T, Crudden CM. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5759-5780. [PMID: 38373254 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This perspective highlights advances in the preparation and understanding of metal nanoclusters stabilized by organic ligands with a focus on N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). We demonstrate the need for a clear understanding of the relationship between NHC properties and their resulting metal nanocluster structure and properties. We emphasize the importance of balancing nanocluster stability with the introduction of reactive sites for catalytic applications and the importance of a better understanding of how these clusters interact with their environments for effective use in biological applications. The impact of atom-scale simulations, development of atomic interaction potentials suitable for large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind synthetic methods and physical properties (e.g., the bright fluorescence displayed by many clusters) are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Albright
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tetyana I Levchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Viveka K Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Angus I Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Joseph F DeJesus
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Sami Malola
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nambo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kevin Stamplecoskie
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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4
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Foxley J, Green TD, Tofanelli MA, Ackerson CJ, Knappenberger KL. The Evolution from Superatom- to Plasmon-Mediated Magnetic Circular Dichroism in Colloidal Metal Nanoparticles Spanning the Nonmetallic to Metallic Limits. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:5210-5215. [PMID: 37257166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The magneto-optical absorption properties of colloidal metal nanoclusters spanning nonmetallic to metallic regimes were examined using variable-temperature variable-field magnetic circular dichroism (VTVH-MCD) spectroscopy. Charge neutral Au25(SC8H9)18 exhibited MCD spectra dominated by Faraday C-terms, consistent with expectations for a nonmetallic paramagnetic nanocluster. This response is reconciled by the open-shell superatom configuration of Au25(SC8H9)18. Metallic and plasmon-supporting Au459(pMBA)170 exhibited temperature-independent VTVH-MCD spectra dominated by Faraday A-terms. Au144(SC8H9)60, which is intermediate to the metallic and nonmetallic limits, showed the most complex VTVH-MCD response of the three nanoclusters, consisting of 19 distinguishable peaks spanning the visible and near-infrared (3.0-1.4 eV). Variable-temperature analysis suggested that none of these transitions originated from plasmon excitation. However, evidence for both paramagnetic and mixed (i.e., nondiscrete) transitions of Au144(SC8H9)60 was observed. These results highlight the complexity of gold nanocluster electronic transitions that emerge as sizes approach metallic length scales. Nanoclusters in this regime may provide opportunities for tailoring the magneto-optical properties of colloidal nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juniper Foxley
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Thomas D Green
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Marcus A Tofanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Christopher J Ackerson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Kenneth L Knappenberger
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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5
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Liu LJ, Alkan F, Zhuang S, Liu D, Nawaz T, Guo J, Luo X, He J. Atomically precise gold nanoclusters at the molecular-to-metallic transition with intrinsic chirality from surface layers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2397. [PMID: 37100794 PMCID: PMC10133330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The advances in determining the total structure of atomically precise metal nanoclusters have prompted extensive exploration into the origins of chirality in nanoscale systems. While chirality is generally transferrable from the surface layer to the metal-ligand interface and kernel, we present here an alternative type of gold nanoclusters (138 gold core atoms with 48 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiolate surface ligands) whose inner structures are not asymmetrically induced by chiral patterns of the outermost aromatic substituents. This phenomenon can be explained by the highly dynamic behaviors of aromatic rings in the thiolates assembled via π - π stacking and C - H···π interactions. In addition to being a thiolate-protected nanocluster with uncoordinated surface gold atoms, the reported Au138 motif expands the size range of gold nanoclusters having both molecular and metallic properties. Our current work introduces an important class of nanoclusters with intrinsic chirality from surface layers rather than inner structures and will aid in elucidating the transition of gold nanoclusters from their molecular to metallic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fahri Alkan
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Shengli Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tehseen Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Zhang W, Kong J, Li Y, Kuang Z, Wang H, Zhou M. Coherent vibrational dynamics of Au 144(SR) 60 nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8124-8130. [PMID: 35919416 PMCID: PMC9278113 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02246j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The coherent vibrational dynamics of gold nanoclusters (NCs) provides important information on the coupling between vibrations and electrons as well as their mechanical properties, which is critical for understanding the evolution from a metallic state to a molecular state with diminishing size. Coherent vibrations have been widely explored in small-sized atomically precise gold NCs, while it remains a challenge to observe them in large-sized gold NCs. In this work, we report the coherent vibrational dynamics of atomically precise Au144(SR)60 NCs via temperature-dependent femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The population dynamics of Au144(SR)60 consists of three relaxation processes: internal conversion, core-shell charge transfer and relaxation to the ground state. After removing the population dynamics from the TA kinetics, fast Fourier transform analysis on the residual oscillation reveals distinct vibrational modes at 1.5 THz (50 cm-1) and 2 THz (67 cm-1), which arise from the wavepacket motions along the ground-state and excited-state potential energy surfaces (PES), respectively. These results are helpful for understanding the physical properties of gold nanostructures with a threshold size that lies in between those of molecular-like NCs and metallic-state nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Jie Kong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT) Beijing 100876 P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Department of Physics, University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
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7
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Du X, Liu Z, Higaki T, Zhou M, Jin R. Understanding the Nascent Plasmons and Metallic Bonding in Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1925-1932. [PMID: 35308844 PMCID: PMC8849037 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The metallic bond is arguably the most intriguing one among the three types of chemical bonds, and the resultant plasmon excitation (e.g. in gold nanoparticles) has garnered wide interest. Recent...
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsha Du
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
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8
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Mullins SM, Whetten RL, Weissker HC, López-Lozano X. Robustness of the chiral-icosahedral golden shell I-Au 60 in multi-shell structures. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:204307. [PMID: 34852468 DOI: 10.1063/5.0060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivated by the recent theoretical discovery [S.-M. Mullins et al., Nat. Commun. 9, 3352 (2018)] of a surprisingly contracted 60-atom hollow shell of chiral-icosahedral symmetry (I-Au60) of remarkable rigidity and electronegativity, we have explored, via first-principles density functional theory calculations, its physico-chemical interactions with internal and external shells, enabling conclusions regarding its robustness and identifying composite forms in which an identifiable I-Au60 structure may be realized as a product of natural or laboratory processes. The dimensions and rigidity of I-Au60 suggest a templating approach; e.g., an Ih-C60 fullerene fits nicely within its interior, as a nested cage. In this work, we have focused on its susceptibility, i.e., the extent to which the unique structural and electronic properties of I-Au60 are modified by incorporation into selected multi-shell structures. Our results confirm that the I-Au60 shell is robustly maintained and protected in various bilayer structures: Ih-C60@I-Au60, Ih-Au32@I-Au60 2+, Au60(MgCp)12, and their silver analogs. A detailed analysis of the structural and electronic properties of the selected I-Au60 shell-based nanostructures is presented. We found that the I-Au60 shell structure is quite well retained in several robust forms. In all cases, the I-symmetry is preserved, and the I-Au60 shell is slightly deformed only in the case of the Ih-C60@I-Au60 system. This analysis serves to stimulate and provide guidance toward the identification and isolation of various I-Au60 shell-based nanostructures, with much potential for future applications. We conclude with a critical comparative discussion of these systems and of the implications for continuing theoretical and experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mullins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0697, USA
| | - R L Whetten
- Department of Applied Physics & Materials Science, and MIRA, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA
| | - H-Ch Weissker
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille, France and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, http://www.etsf.eu
| | - X López-Lozano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0697, USA
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9
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Sinha-Roy R, López-Lozano X, Whetten RL, Weissker HC. Crucial Role of Conjugation in Monolayer-Protected Metal Clusters with Aromatic Ligands: Insights from the Archetypal Au 144L 60 Cluster Compounds. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9262-9268. [PMID: 34533967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal clusters are employed in a great many applications that include notably energy conversion and biomedical uses. The interaction between the ligands and the metallic cores, mediated by an often complex interface, profoundly influences the properties of small clusters, in particular. Nonetheless, the mechanisms of interaction remain far from fully understood. The Au144L60 class of cluster compounds has long played a central role in the study of monolayer-protected clusters, but total structure determination has been achieved only recently for a thiolated and an all-alkynyl cluster. Both ligands contain aromatic rings but differ in their ligation to the metal core: conjugation along a triple bond in the latter, saturation in the former. We demonstrate the paramount importance of the conjugation in the connection between aromatic ligand rings and metal cores for the electronic and optical properties and, by extension, the critical transport properties, providing a crucial element for the development of design-principle-based synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Sinha-Roy
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille 13288, France
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau F-91128, France
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), https://www.etsf.eu/
| | - Xóchitl López-Lozano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0697, United States
| | - Robert L Whetten
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, and MIRA, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, United States
| | - Hans-Christian Weissker
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille 13288, France
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), https://www.etsf.eu/
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10
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Zhou M, Du X, Wang H, Jin R. The Critical Number of Gold Atoms for a Metallic State Nanocluster: Resolving a Decades-Long Question. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13980-13992. [PMID: 34490772 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Probing the transition from a metallic state to a molecular state in gold nanoparticles is fundamentally important for understanding the origin of surface plasmon resonance and the nature of the metallic bond. Atomically precise gold nanoclusters are desired for probing such a transition based upon a series of precise sizes with X-ray structures. While the definition of the metallic state in nanoclusters is simple, that is, when the HOMO-LUMO gap (Eg) becomes negligibly small (Eg < kBT, where kB is the Boltzmann constant and T the temperature), the experimental determination of ultrasmall Eg (e.g., of kBT level) is difficult, and the thermal excitation of valence electrons apparently comes into play in ultrasmall Eg nanoclusters. Although a sharp transition from nonmetallic Au246(SR)80 to metallic Au279(SR)84 (SR: thiolate) has been observed, there is still uncertainty about the transition region. Here, we summarize several criteria on determining the metallic state versus the molecular (or nonmetallic) state in gold nanoclusters, including (1) Eg determined by optical and electrochemical methods, (2) steady-state absorption spectra, (3) cryogenic optical spectra, (4) transient absorption spectra, (5) excited-state lifetime and power dependence, and (6) coherent oscillations in ultrafast electron dynamics. We emphasize that multiple analyses should be performed and cross-checked in practice because no single criterion is definitive. We also review the photophysics of several gold nanoclusters with nascent surface plasmon resonance. These criteria are expected to deepen the understanding of the metallic to molecular state transition of gold and other metal nanoclusters and also promote the design of functional nanomaterials and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Xiangsha Du
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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11
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Dainese T, Antonello S, Bonacchi S, Morales-Martinez D, Venzo A, Black DM, Mozammel Hoque M, Whetten RL, Maran F. Isolation of the Au 145(SR) 60X compound (R = n-butyl, n-pentyl; X = Br, Cl): novel gold nanoclusters that exhibit properties subtly distinct from the ubiquitous icosahedral Au 144(SR) 60 compound. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15394-15402. [PMID: 34499056 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04745k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the identification and quantitative isolation of Au145(SR)60X (R = n-butyl, n-pentyl; X = halide) along with elucidation of key properties as compared to the corresponding ubiquitous chiral-icosahedral Au144(SR)60 cluster known to have a central vacancy. The stoichiometries were assessed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) at isotopic resolution, and induced dissociation patterns indicate the 'extra' (Au,Br) atoms are strongly bound components of these structures. Voltammetric and spectroscopic characterization reveals Au145(SR)60X behaviors that are qualitatively similar to yet fascinatingly distinct from those of Au144(SR)60. (1H,13C)-NMR spectra clearly show how both Au145(SR)60X and Au144(SR)60 are capped by 12 distinct ligand types of 5-fold equivalence, as was recently established for Au144(SR)60 capped by shorter ligands, demonstrating that this novel cluster shares the same chiral-icosahedral motif. Intriguingly, Au145(SR)60X is strongly near-IR luminescent, whereas under comparable conditions Au144(SR)60 barely emits. The photoluminescence pattern of Au145(SR)60X is very similar to that observed for Au25(SR)18, which contains the Au13 core. The combined results are interpreted as consistent with neutral Au145(SR)60X as a diamagnetic species, electronically and structurally similar to the corresponding Au144(SR)60 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Dainese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Antonello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Bonacchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Alfonso Venzo
- CNR-ICMATE, National Research Council, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - David M Black
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - M Mozammel Hoque
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, and Center for Materials Interfaces in Research and Applications, Northern Arizona University, 1899 S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
| | - Robert L Whetten
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, and Center for Materials Interfaces in Research and Applications, Northern Arizona University, 1899 S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, 06269 Connecticut, USA
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12
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Medves M, Sementa L, Toffoli D, Fronzoni G, Krishnadas KR, Bürgi T, Bonacchi S, Dainese T, Maran F, Fortunelli A, Stener M. Predictive optical photoabsorption of Ag 24Au(DMBT) 18 - via efficient TDDFT simulations. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:084103. [PMID: 34470368 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a computational study via time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) methods of the photo-absorption spectrum of an atomically precise monolayer-protected cluster (MPC), the Ag24Au(DMBT)18 single negative anion, where DMBT is the 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiolate ligand. The use of efficient simulation algorithms, i.e., the complex polarizability polTDDFT approach and the hybrid-diagonal approximation, allows us to employ a variety of exchange-correlation (xc-) functionals at an affordable computational cost. We are thus able to show, first, how the optical response of this prototypical compound, especially but not exclusively in the absorption threshold (low-energy) region, is sensitive to (1) the choice of the xc-functionals employed in the Kohn-Sham equations and the TDDFT kernel and (2) the choice of the MPC geometry. By comparing simulated spectra with precise experimental photoabsorption data obtained from room temperature down to low temperatures, we then demonstrate how a hybrid xc-functional in both the Kohn-Sham equations and the diagonal TDDFT kernel at the crystallographically determined experimental geometry is able to provide a consistent agreement between simulated and measured spectra across the entire optical region. Single-particle decomposition analysis tools finally allow us to understand the physical reason for the failure of non-hybrid approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Medves
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Toffoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fronzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Thomas Bürgi
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Gene've, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bonacchi
- University of Padova, Department of Chemistry, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Tiziano Dainese
- University of Padova, Department of Chemistry, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Flavio Maran
- University of Padova, Department of Chemistry, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fortunelli
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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13
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Asadi-Aghbolaghi N, Pototschnig J, Jamshidi Z, Visscher L. Effects of ligands on (de-)enhancement of plasmonic excitations of silver, gold and bimetallic nanoclusters: TD-DFT+TB calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17929-17938. [PMID: 34379064 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters can be synthesized in various sizes and shapes and are typically protected with ligands to stabilize them. These ligands can also be used to tune the plasmonic properties of the clusters as the absorption spectrum of a protected cluster can be significantly altered compared to the bare cluster. In this paper, we computationally investigate the influence of thiolate ligands on the plasmonic intensity for silver, gold and alloy clusters. Using time-dependent density functional theory with tight-binding approximations, TD-DFT+TB, we show that this level of theory can reproduce the broad experimental spectra of Au144(SR)60 and Ag53Au91(SR)60 (R = CH3) compounds with satisfactory agreement. As TD-DFT+TB does not depend on atom-type parameters we were able to apply this approach on large ligand-protected clusters with various compositions. With these calculations we predict that the effect of ligands on the absorption can be a quenching as well as an enhancement. We furthermore show that it is possible to unambiguously identify the plasmonic peaks by the scaled Coulomb kernel technique and explain the influence of ligands on the intensity (de-)enhancement by analyzing the plasmonic excitations in terms of the dominant orbital contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Asadi-Aghbolaghi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Rival JV, Mymoona P, Lakshmi KM, Pradeep T, Shibu ES. Self-Assembly of Precision Noble Metal Nanoclusters: Hierarchical Structural Complexity, Colloidal Superstructures, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005718. [PMID: 33491918 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ligand protected noble metal nanoparticles are excellent building blocks for colloidal self-assembly. Metal nanoparticle self-assembly offers routes for a wide range of multifunctional nanomaterials with enhanced optoelectronic properties. The emergence of atomically precise monolayer thiol-protected noble metal nanoclusters has overcome numerous challenges such as uncontrolled aggregation, polydispersity, and directionalities faced in plasmonic nanoparticle self-assemblies. Because of their well-defined molecular compositions, enhanced stability, and diverse surface functionalities, nanoclusters offer an excellent platform for developing colloidal superstructures via the self-assembly driven by surface ligands and metal cores. More importantly, recent reports have also revealed the hierarchical structural complexity of several nanoclusters. In this review, the formulation and periodic self-assembly of different noble metal nanoclusters are focused upon. Further, self-assembly induced amplification of physicochemical properties, and their potential applications in molecular recognition, sensing, gas storage, device fabrication, bioimaging, therapeutics, and catalysis are discussed. The topics covered in this review are extensively associated with state-of-the-art achievements in the field of precision noble metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Paloli Mymoona
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Kavalloor Murali Lakshmi
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Edakkattuparambil Sidharth Shibu
- Smart Materials Lab, Electrochemical Power Sources (ECPS) Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)-CSIR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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15
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Rodríguez-Zamora P, Cordero-Silis CA, Garza-Ramos GR, Salazar-Angeles B, Luque-Ceballos JC, Fabila JC, Buendía F, Paz-Borbón LO, Díaz G, Garzón IL. Effect of the Metal-Ligand Interface on the Chiroptical Activity of Cysteine-Protected Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004288. [PMID: 33506610 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gold, silver, and copper small nanoparticles (NPs), with average size ≈2 nm, are synthesized and afterward protected with l- and d-cysteine, demonstrating emergence of chiroptical activity in the wavelength range of 250-400 nm for all three metals with respect to the bare nanoparticles and ligands alone. Silver-cysteine (Ag-Cys) NPs display the higher anisotropy factor, whereas gold-cysteine (Au-Cys) NPs show optical and chiroptical signatures slightly more displaced to the visible range. A larger number of circular dichroism (CD) bands with smaller intensity, as compared to gold and silver, is observed for the first time for copper-cysteine (Cu-Cys) NPs. The manifestation of optical and chiroptical responses upon cysteine adsorption and the differences between the spectra corresponding to each metal are mainly dictated by the metal-ligand interface, as supported by a comparison with calculations of the oscillatory and rotatory strengths based on time-dependent density functional theory, using a metal-ligand interface motif model, which closely resembles the experimental absorption and CD spectra. These results are useful to demonstrate the relevance of the interface between chiral ligands and the metal surfaces of Au, Ag, and Cu NPs, and provide evidence and further insights into the origin of the transfer mechanisms and induction of extrinsic chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penélope Rodríguez-Zamora
- P. Rodríguez-Zamora, C. A. Cordero-Silis, B. Salazar-Angeles, J. C. Luque-Ceballos, J. C. Fabila, F. Buendía, L. O. Paz- Borbón, G. Díaz, I. L. Garzón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Cédric A Cordero-Silis
- P. Rodríguez-Zamora, C. A. Cordero-Silis, B. Salazar-Angeles, J. C. Luque-Ceballos, J. C. Fabila, F. Buendía, L. O. Paz- Borbón, G. Díaz, I. L. Garzón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | | | - Benjamin Salazar-Angeles
- P. Rodríguez-Zamora, C. A. Cordero-Silis, B. Salazar-Angeles, J. C. Luque-Ceballos, J. C. Fabila, F. Buendía, L. O. Paz- Borbón, G. Díaz, I. L. Garzón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Jonathan C Luque-Ceballos
- P. Rodríguez-Zamora, C. A. Cordero-Silis, B. Salazar-Angeles, J. C. Luque-Ceballos, J. C. Fabila, F. Buendía, L. O. Paz- Borbón, G. Díaz, I. L. Garzón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Jorge C Fabila
- P. Rodríguez-Zamora, C. A. Cordero-Silis, B. Salazar-Angeles, J. C. Luque-Ceballos, J. C. Fabila, F. Buendía, L. O. Paz- Borbón, G. Díaz, I. L. Garzón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Fernando Buendía
- P. Rodríguez-Zamora, C. A. Cordero-Silis, B. Salazar-Angeles, J. C. Luque-Ceballos, J. C. Fabila, F. Buendía, L. O. Paz- Borbón, G. Díaz, I. L. Garzón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Lauro Oliver Paz-Borbón
- P. Rodríguez-Zamora, C. A. Cordero-Silis, B. Salazar-Angeles, J. C. Luque-Ceballos, J. C. Fabila, F. Buendía, L. O. Paz- Borbón, G. Díaz, I. L. Garzón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Gabriela Díaz
- P. Rodríguez-Zamora, C. A. Cordero-Silis, B. Salazar-Angeles, J. C. Luque-Ceballos, J. C. Fabila, F. Buendía, L. O. Paz- Borbón, G. Díaz, I. L. Garzón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
| | - Ignacio L Garzón
- P. Rodríguez-Zamora, C. A. Cordero-Silis, B. Salazar-Angeles, J. C. Luque-Ceballos, J. C. Fabila, F. Buendía, L. O. Paz- Borbón, G. Díaz, I. L. Garzón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, México
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16
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Optical properties of $$\hbox {Ag}_{29}$$(BDT)$$_{12}$$(TPP)$$_4$$ in the VIS and UV and influence of ligand modeling based on real-time electron dynamics. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Chen S, Higaki T, Ma H, Zhu M, Jin R, Wang G. Inhomogeneous Quantized Single-Electron Charging and Electrochemical-Optical Insights on Transition-Sized Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16781-16790. [PMID: 33196176 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Small differences in electronic structures, such as an emerging energy band gaps or the splitting of degenerated orbitals, are very challenging to resolve but important for nanomaterials properties. A signature electrochemical property called quantized double layer charging, i.e., "continuous" one-electron transfers (1e, ETs), in atomically precise Au133(TBBT)52, Au144(BM)60, and Au279(TBBT)84 is analyzed to reveal the nonmetallic to metallic transitions (whereas TBBT is 4-tert-butylbenzenethiol and BM is benzyl mercaptan; abbreviated as Au133, Au144, and Au279). Subhundred milli-eV energy differences are resolved among the "often-approximated uniform" peak spacings from multipairs of reversible redox peaks in voltammetric analysis, with single ETs as internal standards for calibration and under temperature variations. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry experiments reveal a 0.15 eV energy gap for Au133 and a 0.17 eV gap for Au144 at 298 K. Au279 is confirmed metallic, displaying a "bulk-continuum" charging response without an energy gap. The energy gaps and double layer capacitances of Au133 and Au144 increase as the temperature decreases. The temperature dependences of charging energies and HOMO-LUMO gaps of Au133 and Au144 are attributed to the counterion permeation and the steric hindrance of ligand, as well as their molecular compositions. With the subtle energy differences resolved, spectroelectrochemistry features of Au133 and Au144 are compared with ultrafast spectroscopy to demonstrate a generalizable analysis approach to correlate steady-state and transient energy diagram for the energy-in processes. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL), one of the energy-out processes after the charge transfer reactions, is reported for the three samples. The ECL intensity of Au279 is negligible, whereas the ECLs of Au133 and Au144 are relatively stronger and observable (but orders of magnitudes weaker than our recently reported bimetallic Au12Ag13). Results from these atomically precise nanoclusters also demonstrate that the combined voltammetric and spectroscopic analyses, together with temperature variations, are powerful tools to reveal subtle differences and gain insights otherwise inaccessible in other nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hedi Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Gangli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
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18
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Lu S, Xie L, Lai K, Chen R, Cao L, Hu K, Wang X, Han J, Wan X, Wan J, Dai Q, Song F, He J, Dai J, Chen J, Wang Z, Wang G. Plasmonic evolution of atomically size-selected Au clusters by electron energy loss spectrum. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa282. [PMID: 35382220 PMCID: PMC8972990 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasmonic response of gold clusters with atom number (N) =
100–70 000 was investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron
energy loss spectroscopy. For decreasing N, the bulk plasmon remains
unchanged above N = 887 but then disappears, while the surface plasmon
firstly redshifts from 2.4 to 2.3 eV above N = 887 before blueshifting
towards 2.6 eV down to N = 300, and finally splitting into three fine
features. The surface plasmon's excitation ratio is found to follow
N0.669, which is essentially R2.
An atomically precise evolution picture of plasmon physics is thus demonstrated according
to three regimes: classical plasmon (N = 887–70 000), quantum confinement
corrected plasmon (N = 300–887) and molecule related plasmon
(N < 300).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kang Lai
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Runkun Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kuojuei Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinsen Han
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xiangang Wan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jianguo Wan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qing Dai
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiaqing He
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiayu Dai
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guanghou Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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19
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Lavrentiev V, Motylenko M, Barchuk M, Schimpf C, Lavrentieva I, Pokorný J, Röder C, Vacik J, Dejneka A, Rafaja D. Structure assembly regularities in vapour-deposited gold-fullerene mixture films. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1542-1550. [PMID: 36132301 PMCID: PMC9418758 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00140f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly is an attractive phenomenon that, with proper handling, can enable the production of sophisticated hybrid nanostructures with sub-nm-scale precision. The importance of this phenomenon is particularly notable in the fabrication of metal-organic nanomaterials as promising substances for spintronic devices. The exploitation of self-assembly in nanofabrication requires a comprehension of atomic processes creating hybrid nanostructures. Here, we focus on the self-assembly processes in the vapour-deposited Au x C60 mixture films, revealing the exciting quantum plasmon effects. Through a systematic characterization of the Au x C60 films carried out using structure-sensitive techniques, we have established correlations between the film nanostructure and the Au concentration, x. The analysis of these correlations designates the Au intercalation into the C60 lattice and the Au clustering as the basic processes of the nanostructure self-assembly in the mixture films, the efficiency of which strongly depends on x. The evaluation of this dependence for the Au x C60 composite nanostructures formed in a certain composition interval allows us to control the size of the Au clusters and the intercluster spacing by adjusting the Au concentration only. This study represents the self-assembled Au x C60 mixtures as quantum materials with electronic functions tuneable by the Au concentration in the depositing mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lavrentiev
- NS Lab, Nuclear Physics Institute CAS Rez-130, Husinec 25068 Czech Republic
| | - M Motylenko
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 5 D-09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - M Barchuk
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 5 D-09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - C Schimpf
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 5 D-09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - I Lavrentieva
- NS Lab, Nuclear Physics Institute CAS Rez-130, Husinec 25068 Czech Republic
| | - J Pokorný
- Institute of Physics CAS Na Slovance 2 Prague 18221 Czech Republic
| | - C Röder
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg Leipziger Str. 23 D-09599 Freiberg Germany
| | - J Vacik
- NS Lab, Nuclear Physics Institute CAS Rez-130, Husinec 25068 Czech Republic
| | - A Dejneka
- Institute of Physics CAS Na Slovance 2 Prague 18221 Czech Republic
| | - D Rafaja
- Institute of Materials Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 5 D-09599 Freiberg Germany
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20
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Zhang P, Jin W, Liang W. Unveiling the effect of electron tunneling on the plasmonic resonance of closely spaced gold particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1747-1755. [PMID: 31898697 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05808g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental techniques enable the nanoparticles' (NPs) ensembles to be made with an angstrom-level of interparticle gap widths. The theoretical description of their optical properties becomes more challenging because of the nonnegligible quantum mechanism (QM) effects such as electron tunneling and nonlocal screening. To demonstrate the microscopic mechanism of QM effects and quantitatively elucidate their impact on a variety of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) models of gold particle oligomers, in this work we performed a theoretical study on closely spaced Au cluster dimers and NP oligomers by the first-principles approach, and the classical or quantum-corrected electromagnetic models (CEM or QCM), respectively. Through the first-principles calculation on a series of AuN dimers with different interparticle distances d and N, we depicted the variation of the possibility of direct electron tunneling (DET) across the junction constructed by two nearest NPs with d and N, and found that it exactly follows an exponential decay and the decay rate linearly varies with 1/N. The impact of the QM effect on the SPR models excited along the dimer axis is much more profound than those perpendicular to the dimer axis. CEM/QCM calculations on strongly coupled NP dimers and symmetric and asymmetric trimers demonstrated the evolution of their optical properties with variable NP sizes, gap separations and light polarization, as well as the QM effect on the major SPR modes. The side-by-side comparison between the results from time-dependent density functional theory and CEM/QCM models sheds light on understanding the origin of a variety of SPR models of gold NP oligomers and the QM effect on those modes, and makes a connection between the calculations of small cluster and large NP oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Zhou M, Higaki T, Li Y, Zeng C, Li Q, Sfeir MY, Jin R. Three-Stage Evolution from Nonscalable to Scalable Optical Properties of Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19754-19764. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takahata
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Whetten RL, Weissker HC, Pelayo JJ, Mullins SM, López-Lozano X, Garzón IL. Chiral-Icosahedral ( I) Symmetry in Ubiquitous Metallic Cluster Compounds (145A,60X): Structure and Bonding Principles. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:34-43. [PMID: 30600992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There exists a special kind of perfection-in symmetry, simplicity, and stability-attainable for structures generated from precisely 60 ligands (all of a single type) that protect 145 metal-atom sites. The symmetry in question is icosahedral ( Ih), generally, and chiral icosahedral ( I) in particular. A 60-fold equivalence of the ligands is the smallest number to allow this kind of perfection. Known cluster compounds that approximate this structural ideal include palladium-carbonyls, Ih-Pd145(CO)60; gold-thiolates, I-Au144(SR)60; and gold-alkynyls, I-Au144(C2R)60. Many other variants are suspected. The Pd145 compound established the basic achiral structure-type. However, the Au144-thiolate archetype is prominent, historically in its abundance and ease of preparation and handling, in its proliferation in many laboratories and application areas, and ultimately in the intrinsic chirality of its geometrical structure and organization of its bonding network or connectivity. As discovered by mass spectrometry (the "30-k anomaly") in 1995, it appeared as a broad single peak, as solitary and symmetrical as Mount Fuji, centered near 30 kDa (∼150 Au atoms), provoking these thoughts: Surely this phenomenon requires a unique explanation. It appears to be the Buckminsterfullerene (carbon-60) of gold-cluster chemistry. Herein we provide an elementary account of the unexpected discovery, in which the Pd145-structure played a critical role, that led to the identification and prediction, in 2008, of a fascinating new molecular structure-type, evidently the first one of chiral icosahedral symmetry. Rigorous confirmation of this prediction occurred in early spring 2018, when two single-crystal X-ray crystallography reports were submitted, each one distinguishing both enantiomeric structures and noting profound chirality for the surface (ligand) layer. The emphasis here is on the structure and bonding principles and how these have been elucidated. Our aim has been to present this story in simplest terms, consistent with the radical simplicity of the structure itself. Because it combines intrinsic profound chirality, at several levels, with the highest possible symmetry-type (icosahedral), the structure may attract broader interest also from educators, especially if studied in tandem with the analysis of hollow (shell) metallic systems that exhibit the same chirality and symmetry. Because the shortest (stiffest) bonds follow the chiral 3-way weave pattern of the traditional South-Asian reed football, this cultural artifact may be used to introduce chiral-icosahedral symmetry in a pleasant and memorable way. One may also appreciate easily the bonding and excitations in I-symmetry metallic nanostructures via the golden fullerenes, that is, the proposed hollow Au60,72 spheres. Beyond any aesthetic or pedagogical value, we aim that our Account may provide a firm foundation upon which others may address open questions and the opportunities they present. This Account can scarcely hint at the prospects for further fundamental understanding of these compounds, as well as a widening sphere of applications (chemical, electronic, imaging). The compounds remain crucial to a wider field presently under intense development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Whetten
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hans-Christian Weissker
- Aix Marseille University and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288 Marseille, France
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility
| | - J. Jesús Pelayo
- Escuela Superior de Apan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Chimalpa Tlalayote, Apan, 43920 Hidalgo, México
| | - Sean M. Mullins
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Xochitl López-Lozano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ignacio L. Garzón
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal
20-364, 01000 CDMX, México
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24
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Dainese T, Agrachev M, Antonello S, Badocco D, Black DM, Fortunelli A, Gascón JA, Stener M, Venzo A, Whetten RL, Maran F. Atomically precise Au 144(SR) 60 nanoclusters (R = Et, Pr) are capped by 12 distinct ligand types of 5-fold equivalence and display gigantic diastereotopic effects. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8796-8805. [PMID: 30647884 PMCID: PMC6301266 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For two decades, Au144(SR)60 has been one of the most studied and used thiolate (SR) protected gold nanoclusters. In many ways, however, it proved to be a challenging and elusive case, also because of the difficulties in solving its structure by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. We used very short thiols and could prepare Au144(SC2H5)60 and Au144(SC3H7)60 in a very pure form, which was confirmed by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and very regular electrochemistry patterns. Inductively coupled plasma and electrospray ionization mass spectrometries gave definite proof of the Au144(SR)60 stoichiometry. High-resolution 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy in the solution phase provided the result of assessing the presence of 12 ligand types in exactly the same amount (5-fold equivalence). Equally important, we found that the two protons belonging to each methylene group along the thiolate chain are diastereotopic. For the α-CH2 protons, the diastereotopic effect can be indeed gigantic, as it reaches chemical-shift differences of 2.9 ppm. DFT calculations provided insights into the relationship between structure and NMR results. In particular, the 12 ligand types and corresponding diastereotopic effects may be explained by considering the presence of C-H···S hydrogen bonds. These results thus provide fundamental insights into the structure of the thiolate layer capping this long-studied gold nanocluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Dainese
- Department of Chemistry , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy .
| | - Mikhail Agrachev
- Department of Chemistry , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy .
| | - Sabrina Antonello
- Department of Chemistry , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy .
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department of Chemistry , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy .
| | - David M Black
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Texas at San Antonio , One UTSA Circle , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , USA
| | | | - José A Gascón
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Road , Storrs , 06269 Connecticut , USA
| | - Mauro Stener
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Alfonso Venzo
- National Research Council , CNR-ICMATE , Department of Chemistry , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Robert L Whetten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Texas at San Antonio , One UTSA Circle , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , USA
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry , University of Padova , via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy .
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Road , Storrs , 06269 Connecticut , USA
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25
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Sinha-Roy R, García-González P, López Lozano X, Whetten RL, Weissker HC. Identifying Electronic Modes by Fourier Transform from δ-Kick Time-Evolution TDDFT Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:6417-6426. [PMID: 30404453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) is widely used for calculating electron excitations in clusters and large molecules. For optical excitations, TDDFT is customarily applied in two distinct approaches: transition-based linear-response TDDFT (LR-TDDFT) and the real-time formalism (RT-TDDFT). The former directly provides the energies and transition densities of the excitations, but it requires the calculation of a large number of empty electron states, which makes it cumbersome for large systems. By contrast, RT-TDDFT circumvents the evaluation of empty orbitals, which is especially advantageous when dealing with large systems. A drawback of the procedure is that information about the nature of individual spectral features is not automatically obtained, although it is of course contained in the time-dependent induced density. Fourier transform of the induced density has been used in some simple cases, but the method is, surprisingly, not widely used to complement the RT-TDDFT calculations; although the reliability of RT-TDDFT spectra is now widely accepted, a critical assessment for the corresponding transition densities and a demonstration of the technical feasibility of the Fourier-transform evaluation for general cases is still lacking. In the present work, we show that the transition densities of the optically allowed excitations can be efficiently extracted from a single δ-kick time-evolution calculation even in complex systems like noble metals. We assess the results by comparison with the corresponding LR-TDDFT ones and also with the induced densities arising from RT-TDDFT simulations of the excitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Sinha-Roy
- Aix-Marseille University , CNRS, CINaM , 13288 Marseille , France.,Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , E-28049 Madrid , Spain.,European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
| | - Pablo García-González
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , E-28049 Madrid , Spain.,European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
| | - Xóchitl López Lozano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , The University of Texas at San Antonio , One UTSA Circle , San Antonio , Texas 78249-0697 , United States
| | - Robert L Whetten
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , The University of Texas at San Antonio , One UTSA Circle , San Antonio , Texas 78249-0697 , United States
| | - Hans-Christian Weissker
- Aix-Marseille University , CNRS, CINaM , 13288 Marseille , France.,European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
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26
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Comparison and convergence of optical absorption spectra of noble metal nanoparticles computed using linear-response and real-time time-dependent density functional theories. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Yan N, Xia N, Liao L, Zhu M, Jin F, Jin R, Wu Z. Unraveling the long-pursued Au 144 structure by x-ray crystallography. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat7259. [PMID: 30333988 PMCID: PMC6184749 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat7259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The transition from nanocluster to nanocrystal is a central issue in nanoscience. The atomic structure determination of metal nanoparticles in the transition size range is challenging and particularly important in understanding the quantum size effect at the atomic level. On the basis of the rationale that the intra- and interparticle weak interactions play critical roles in growing high-quality single crystals of metal nanoparticles, we have reproducibly obtained ideal crystals of Au144(SR)60 and successfully solved its structure by x-ray crystallography (XRC); this structure was theoretically predicted a decade ago and has long been pursued experimentally but without success until now. Here, XRC reveals an interesting Au12 hollow icosahedron in thiolated gold nanoclusters for the first time. The Au-Au bond length, close to that of bulk gold, shows better thermal extensibility than the other Au-Au bond lengths in Au144(SR)60, providing an atomic-level perspective because metal generally shows better thermal extensibility than nonmetal materials. Thus, our work not only reveals the mysterious, long experimentally pursued structure of a transition-sized nanoparticle but also has important implications for the growth of high-quality, single-crystal nanoparticles, as well as for the understanding of the thermal extensibility of metals from the perspective of chemical bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Nan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Lingwen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Corresponding author. (Z.W.); (R.J.)
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (Z.W.); (R.J.)
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28
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Mullins SM, Weissker HC, Sinha-Roy R, Pelayo JJ, Garzón IL, Whetten RL, López-Lozano X. Chiral symmetry breaking yields the I-Au 60 perfect golden shell of singular rigidity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3352. [PMID: 30135495 PMCID: PMC6105599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of profound chirality and high symmetry on the nm-scale is unusual and would open exciting avenues, both fundamental and applied. Here we show how the unique electronic structure and bonding of quasi-2D gold makes this possible. We report a chiral symmetry breaking, i.e., the spontaneous formation of a chiral-icosahedral shell (I-Au60) from achiral (Ih) precursor forms, accompanied by a contraction in the Au-Au bonding and hence the radius of this perfect golden sphere, in which all 60 sites are chemically equivalent. This structure, which resembles the most complex of semi-regular (Archimedean) polyhedra (34.5*), may be viewed as an optimal solution to the topological problem: how to close a 60-vertex 2D (triangular) net in 3D. The singular rigidity of the I-Au60 manifests in uniquely discrete structural, vibrational, electronic, and optical signatures, which we report herein as a guide to its experimental detection and ultimately its isolation in material forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Mullins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249-0697, USA
| | - H-Ch Weissker
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility
| | - R Sinha-Roy
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility
| | - J J Pelayo
- Escuela Superior de Apan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Chimalpa Tlalayote, Municipio de Apan, 43920, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - I L Garzón
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - R L Whetten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249-0697, USA
| | - X López-Lozano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249-0697, USA.
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29
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Kocevski V. Temperature dependence of radiative lifetimes, optical and electronic properties of silicon nanocrystals capped with various organic ligands. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:054301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5039281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Kocevski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Rambukwella M, Sakthivel NA, Delcamp JH, Sementa L, Fortunelli A, Dass A. Ligand Structure Determines Nanoparticles' Atomic Structure, Metal-Ligand Interface and Properties. Front Chem 2018; 6:330. [PMID: 30131953 PMCID: PMC6090168 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the ligands dictates the composition, molecular formulae, atomic structure and the physical properties of thiolate protected gold nanomolecules, Aun(SR)m. In this review, we describe the ligand effect for three classes of thiols namely, aliphatic, AL or aliphatic-like, aromatic, AR, or bulky, BU thiol ligands. The ligand effect is demonstrated using three experimental setups namely: (1) The nanomolecule series obtained by direct synthesis using AL, AR, and BU ligands; (2) Molecular conversion and interconversion between Au38(S-AL)24, Au36(S-AR)24, and Au30(S-BU)18 nanomolecules; and (3) Synthesis of Au38, Au36, and Au30 nanomolecules from one precursor Aun(S-glutathione)m upon reacting with AL, AR, and BU ligands. These nanomolecules possess unique geometric core structure, metal-ligand staple interface, optical and electrochemical properties. The results unequivocally demonstrate that the ligand structure determines the nanomolecules' atomic structure, metal-ligand interface and properties. The direct synthesis approach reveals that AL, AR, and BU ligands form nanomolecules with unique atomic structure and composition. Similarly, the nature of the ligand plays a pivotal role and has a significant impact on the passivated systems such as metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Computational analysis demonstrates and predicts the thermodynamic stability of gold nanomolecules and the importance of ligand-ligand interactions that clearly stands out as a determining factor, especially for species with AL ligands such as Au38(S-AL)24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Rambukwella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Naga Arjun Sakthivel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM and IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
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31
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Nasaruddin RR, Chen T, Yan N, Xie J. Roles of thiolate ligands in the synthesis, properties and catalytic application of gold nanoclusters. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Jiang X, Du B, Huang Y, Zheng J. Ultrasmall Noble Metal Nanoparticles: Breakthroughs and Biomedical Implications. NANO TODAY 2018; 21:106-125. [PMID: 31327979 PMCID: PMC6640873 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As a bridge between individual atoms and large plasmonic nanoparticles, ultrasmall (core size <3 nm) noble metal nanoparticles (UNMNPs) have been serving as model for us to fundamentally understand many unique properties of noble metals that can only be observed at an extremely small size scale. With decades'efforts, many significant breakthroughs in the synthesis, characterization and functionalization of UNMNPs have laid down a solid foundation for their future applications in the healthcare. In this review, we aim to tightly correlate these breakthroughs with their biomedical applications and illustrate how to utilize these breakthroughs to address long-standing challenges in the clinical translation of nanomedicines. In the end, we offer our perspective on the remaining challenges and opportunities at the frontier of biomedical-related UNMNPs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Bujie Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Yingyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
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33
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Holmes S, Gao J, Tang L, Li F, Palmer RE, Guo Q. Bridge-bonded methylthiolate on Au(111) observed with the scanning tunneling microscope. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19486-19491. [PMID: 29998269 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of bridge-bonded methylthiolate, SCH3, along the step edges of the Au(111) surface. Real-space imaging with a scanning tunnelling microscope reveals the presence of bridge-bonded SCH3 along both the [11[combining macron]0] and the [112[combining macron]] oriented step edges. The nearest neighbour distances of SCH3 along these steps are 2a and , respectively. The Au(111) terrace is covered with the usual CH3SAuSCH3 staples. The bridge-bonded alkanethiolate is expected to play a rather significant role in the formation of thiol-passivated Au nanoclusters because of the high fraction of atoms in similar low-coordination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Holmes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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34
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Gao J, Lin H, Qin X, Zhang X, Ding H, Wang Y, Rokni Fard M, Kaya D, Zhu G, Li Q, Li Y, Pan M, Guo Q. Probing Phase Evolutions of Au-Methyl-Propyl-Thiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111) at the Molecular Level. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6666-6672. [PMID: 29878779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b03390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) consisting of a mixture of CH3S-Au-SCH3, CH3S-Au-S(CH2)2CH3, and CH3(CH2)2S-Au-S(CH2)2CH3 was studied systematically using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional calculations. We find that the SAM is subjected to frequent changes at the molecular level on the time scale of ∼minutes. The presence of CH3S or CH3S-Au as a dissociation product of CH3S-Au-SCH3 plays a key role in the dynamical behavior of the mixed SAM. Slow phase separation takes place at room temperature over hours to days, leading to the formation of methyl-thiolate-rich and propyl-thiolate-rich phases. Our results provide new insights into the chemistry of the thiolate-Au interface, especially for ligand exchange reaction in the RS-Au-SR staple motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Gao
- School of Physics and Information Technology , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province 215123 , China
| | - Xuhui Qin
- School of Physics and Information Technology , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Physics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Haoxuan Ding
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Yitao Wang
- School of Physics and Information Technology , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Mahroo Rokni Fard
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Dogan Kaya
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Gangqiang Zhu
- School of Physics and Information Technology , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province 215123 , China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices , Soochow University , 199 Ren-Ai Road , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province 215123 , China
| | - Minghu Pan
- School of Physics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Quanmin Guo
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
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35
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Lei Z, Li J, Wan X, Zhang W, Wang Q. Isolation and Total Structure Determination of an All‐Alkynyl‐Protected Gold Nanocluster Au
144. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8639-8643. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lei
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jiao‐Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xian‐Kai Wan
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Han Zhang
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Quan‐Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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36
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Lei Z, Li J, Wan X, Zhang W, Wang Q. Isolation and Total Structure Determination of an All‐Alkynyl‐Protected Gold Nanocluster Au
144. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lei
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jiao‐Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xian‐Kai Wan
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Han Zhang
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Quan‐Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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37
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Lukosi M, Tian C, Li X, Mahurin SM, Meyer HM, Foo GS, Dai S. Tuning the Core–Shell Structure of Au144@Fe2O3 for Optimal Catalytic Activity for CO Oxidation. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Takahata R, Yamazoe S, Koyasu K, Imura K, Tsukuda T. Gold Ultrathin Nanorods with Controlled Aspect Ratios and Surface Modifications: Formation Mechanism and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6640-6647. [PMID: 29694041 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized gold ultrathin nanorods (AuUNRs) by slow reductions of gold(I) in the presence of oleylamine (OA) as a surfactant. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the lengths of AuUNRs were tuned in the range of 5-20 nm while keeping the diameter constant (∼2 nm) by changing the relative concentration of OA and Au(I). It is proposed on the basis of time-resolved optical spectroscopy that AuUNRs are formed via the formation of small (<2 nm) Au spherical clusters followed by their one-dimensional attachment in OA micelles. The surfactant OA on AuUNRs was successfully replaced with glutathionate or dodecanethiolate by the ligand exchange approach. Optical extinction spectroscopy on a series of AuUNRs with different aspect ratios (ARs) revealed a single intense extinction band in the near-IR (NIR) region due to the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), the peak position of which is red-shifted with the AR. The NIR bands of AuUNRs with AR < 5 were blue-shifted upon the ligand exchange from OA to thiolates, in sharp contrast to the red shift observed in the conventional Au nanorods and nanospheres (diameter >10 nm). This behavior suggests that the NIR bands of thiolate-protected AuUNRs with AR < 5 are not plasmonic in nature, but are associated with a single-electron excitation between quantized states. The LSPR band was attenuated by thiolate passivation that can be explained by the direct decay of plasmons into an interfacial charge transfer state (chemical interface damping). The LSPR wavelengths of AuUNRs are remarkably longer than those of the conventional AuNRs with the same AR, demonstrating that the miniaturization of the diameter to below ∼2 nm significantly affects the optical response. The red shift of the LSPR band can be ascribed to the increase in the effective mass of electrons in AuUNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takahata
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Katsura , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Tokyo 102-0076 , Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Katsura , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan
| | - Kohei Imura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering , Waseda University , Shinjuku , Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Katsura , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan
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39
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Wang P, Xiong L, Sun X, Ma Z, Pei Y. Exploring the structure evolution and core/ligand structure patterns of a series of large sized thiolate-protected gold clusters Au 145-3N(SR) 60-2N (N = 1-8): a first principles study. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3918-3929. [PMID: 29423475 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07980j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The atomic structures of many atomically precise nanosized ligand protected gold clusters have been resolved recently. However, the determination of the atomic structures of large sized ligand protected gold clusters containing metal atoms over ∼100 is still a grand challenge. The lack of structural information of these larger sized clusters has greatly hindered the understanding of the structure evolution and structure-property relations of ligand protected gold nanoclusters. In this work, we theoretically studied the structure evolution of a series of large sized Au145-3N(SR)60-2N (N = 1-8) clusters based on an "[Au2@Au(SR)2] fragmentation" pathway starting from a model Au145(SR)60 cluster. Through comprehensively searching the atomic structure of various clusters and evaluating their stabilities by means of first principles calculations, the stabilization mechanism of experimentally reported Au130(SR)50 and Au133(SR)52 clusters is first rationalized. Our studies indicated that Au130(SR)50 and Au133(SR)52 are two critical sized clusters on which the gold cores underwent configuration transitions between decahedral and icosahedral cores. The energy comparisons of various cluster isomer structures indicated that the Au130(SR)50, Au127(SR)48, Au124(SR)46 and Au121(SR)44 clusters favored a decahedral core, while the Au133(SR)52, Au136(SR)54, Au139(SR)56, and Au142(SR)58 clusters preferred icosahedral gold cores. Furthermore, we also find that the cuboctahedral gold core is less stable in the cluster size region between ∼120 and ∼140 gold atoms. The optical absorption properties and relative thermodynamic stabilities of the Au145-3N(SR)60-2N (N = 1-8) clusters are also surveyed by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, China.
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40
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López-Lozano X, Plascencia-Villa G, Calero G, Whetten RL, Weissker HC. Is the largest aqueous gold cluster a superatom complex? Electronic structure & optical response of the structurally determined Au 146(p-MBA) 57. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:18629-18634. [PMID: 29182699 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The new water-soluble gold cluster Au146(p-MBA)57, the structure of which has been recently determined at sub-atomic resolution by Vergara et al., is the largest aqueous gold cluster ever structurally determined and likewise the smallest cluster with a stacking fault. The core presents a twinned truncated octahedron, while additional peripheral gold atoms follow a C2 rotational symmetry. According to the usual counting rules of the superatom complex (SAC) model, the compound attains a number of 92 SAC electrons if the overall net charge is 3- (three additional electrons). As this is the number of electrons required for a major shell closing, the question arises of whether Au146(p-MBA)57 should be regarded as a superatom complex. Starting from the experimental coordinates we have analyzed the structure using density-functional theory. The optimized (relaxed) structure retains all the connectivity of the experimental coordinates, while removing much of its irregularities in interatomic distances, thereby enhancing the C2-symmetry feature. On analyzing the angular-momentum-projected states, we show that, despite a small gap, the electronic structure does not exhibit SAC model character. In addition, optical absorption spectra are found to be relatively smooth compared to the example of the Au144(SR)60 cluster. The Au146(SR)57 does not derive its stability from SAC character; it cannot be considered as a superatom complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xóchitl López-Lozano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA circle, 78249-0697 San Antonio, TX, USA.
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41
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Zhou M, Zeng C, Song Y, Padelford JW, Wang G, Sfeir MY, Higaki T, Jin R. On the Non‐Metallicity of 2.2 nm Au
246
(SR)
80
Nanoclusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16257-16261. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | | | - Gangli Wang
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30302 USA
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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42
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Zhou M, Zeng C, Song Y, Padelford JW, Wang G, Sfeir MY, Higaki T, Jin R. On the Non‐Metallicity of 2.2 nm Au
246
(SR)
80
Nanoclusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | | | - Gangli Wang
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30302 USA
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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43
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Shen H, Mizuta T. An Atomically Precise Alkynyl-Protected PtAg42Superatom Nanocluster and Its Structural Implications. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2904-2907. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizuta
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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44
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Rambukwella M, Dass A. Synthesis of Au 38(SCH 2CH 2Ph) 24, Au 36(SPh-tBu) 24, and Au 30(S-tBu) 18 Nanomolecules from a Common Precursor Mixture. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10958-10964. [PMID: 28972376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenylethanethiol protected nanomolecules such as Au25, Au38, and Au144 are widely studied by a broad range of scientists in the community, owing primarily to the availability of simple synthetic protocols. However, synthetic methods are not available for other ligands, such as aromatic thiol and bulky ligands, impeding progress. Here we report the facile synthesis of three distinct nanomolecules, Au38(SCH2CH2Ph)24, Au36(SPh-tBu)24, and Au30(S-tBu)18, exclusively, starting from a common Aun(glutathione)m (where n and m are number of gold atoms and glutathiolate ligands) starting material upon reaction with HSCH2CH2Ph, HSPh-tBu, and HStBu, respectively. The systematic synthetic approach involves two steps: (i) synthesis of kinetically controlled Aun(glutathione)m crude nanocluster mixture with 1:4 gold to thiol molar ratio and (ii) thermochemical treatment of the purified nanocluster mixture with excess thiols to obtain thermodynamically stable nanomolecules. Thermochemical reactions with physicochemically different ligands formed highly monodispersed, exclusively three different core-size nanomolecules, suggesting a ligand induced core-size conversion and structural transformation. The purpose of this work is to make available a facile and simple synthetic method for the preparation of Au38(SCH2CH2Ph)24, Au36(SPh-tBu)24, and Au30(S-tBu)18, to nonspecialists and the broader scientific community. The central idea of simple synthetic method was demonstrated with other ligand systems such as cyclopentanethiol (HSC5H9), cyclohexanethiol(HSC6H11), para-methylbenzenethiol(pMBT), 1-pentanethiol(HSC5H11), 1-hexanethiol(HSC6H13), where Au36(SC5H9)24, Au36(SC6H11)24, Au36(pMBT)24, Au38(SC5H11)24, and Au38(SC6H13)24 were obtained, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Rambukwella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi , Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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45
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Shuttling single metal atom into and out of a metal nanoparticle. Nat Commun 2017; 8:848. [PMID: 29018255 PMCID: PMC5635118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been a challenge to dope metal nanoparticles with a specific number of heterometal atoms at specific positions. This becomes even more challenging if the heterometal belongs to the same group as the host metal because of the high tendency of forming a distribution of alloy nanoparticles with different numbers of dopants due to the similarities of metals in outmost electron configuration. Herein we report a new strategy for shuttling a single Ag or Cu atom into a centrally hollow, rod-shaped Au24 nanoparticle, forming AgAu24 and CuAu24 nanoparticles in a highly controllable manner. Through a combined approach of experiment and theory, we explain the shuttling pathways of single dopants into and out of the nanoparticles. This study shows that the single dopant is shuttled into the hollow Au24 nanoparticle either through the apex or side entry, while shuttling a metal atom out of the Au25 to form the Au24 nanoparticle occurs mainly through the side entry.Doping a metal nanocluster with heteroatoms dramatically changes its properties, but it remains difficult to dope with single-atom control. Here, the authors devise a strategy to dope single atoms of Ag or Cu into hollow Au nanoclusters, creating precise alloy nanoparticles atom-by-atom.
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46
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Cantelli A, Guidetti G, Manzi J, Caponetti V, Montalti M. Towards Ultra‐Bright Gold Nanoclusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cantelli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Gloria Guidetti
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Jeannette Manzi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Valeria Caponetti
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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47
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Kwak K, Thanthirige VD, Pyo K, Lee D, Ramakrishna G. Energy Gap Law for Exciton Dynamics in Gold Cluster Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4898-4905. [PMID: 28933858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The energy gap law relates the nonradiative decay rate to the energy gap separating the ground and excited states. Here we report that the energy gap law can be applied to exciton dynamics in gold cluster molecules. Size-dependent electrochemical and optical properties were investigated for a series of n-hexanethiolate-protected gold clusters ranging from Au25 to Au333. Voltammetric studies reveal that the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gaps of these clusters decrease with increasing cluster size. Combined femtosecond and nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption measurements show that the exciton lifetimes decrease with increasing cluster size. Comparison of the size-dependent exciton lifetimes with the HOMO-LUMO gaps shows that they are linearly correlated, demonstrating the energy gap law for excitons in these gold cluster molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuju Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | | | - Kyunglim Pyo
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dongil Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Guda Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University , Kalamazoo Michigan 49008, United States
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48
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Zhang S, Geryak R, Geldmeier J, Kim S, Tsukruk VV. Synthesis, Assembly, and Applications of Hybrid Nanostructures for Biosensing. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12942-13038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaidi Zhang
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ren Geryak
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Jeffrey Geldmeier
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Sunghan Kim
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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49
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Yu C, Harbich W, Sementa L, Ghiringhelli L, Aprá E, Stener M, Fortunelli A, Brune H. Intense fluorescence of Au20. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:074301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4996687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chongqi Yu
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Harbich
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM and IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi, 1-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Ghiringhelli
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Edoardo Aprá
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fortunelli
- CNR-ICCOM and IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi, 1-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Harald Brune
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Pyo K, Ly NH, Yoon SY, Shen Y, Choi SY, Lee SY, Joo SW, Lee D. Highly Luminescent Folate-Functionalized Au 22 Nanoclusters for Bioimaging. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28504415 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters are emerging as new materials for biomedical applications because of promises offered by their ultrasmall size and excellent biocompatibility. Here, the synthesis and optical and biological characterizations of a highly luminescent folate-functionalized Au22 cluster (Au22 -FA) are reported. The Au22 -FA clusters are synthesized by functionalizing the surface of Au22 (SG)18 clusters, where SG is glutathione, with benzyl chloroformate and folate. The functionalized clusters are highly water-soluble and exhibit remarkably bright luminescence with a quantum yield of 42%, significantly higher than any other water-soluble gold clusters protected with thiolate ligands. The folate groups conjugated to the gold cluster give rise to additional luminescence enhancement by energy transfer sensitization. The brightness of Au22 -FA is found to be 4.77 mM-1 cm-1 , nearly 8-fold brighter than that of Au22 (SG)18 . Further biological characterizations have revealed that the Au22 -FA clusters are well-suited for bioimaging. The Au22 -FA clusters exhibit excellent photostability and low toxicity; nearly 80% cell viability at 1000 ppm of the cluster. Additionally, the Au22 -FA clusters show target specificity to folate-receptor positive cells. Finally, the time-course in vivo luminescence images of intravenous-injected mice show that the Au22 -FA clusters are renal-clearable, leaving only 8% of them remained in the body after 24 h post-injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunglim Pyo
- Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Hoang Ly
- Department of Chemistry; Soongsil University; Seoul 06978 Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Young Yoon
- Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Yiming Shen
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Choi
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Chemistry; Soongsil University; Seoul 06978 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongil Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
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