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Lee KS, Kim JJ, Joo SH, Park MS, Yoo JH, Gu G, Lee J. Atomic-scale interpretation of the quantum oscillations in cuprate superconductors. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:21LT01. [PMID: 36898156 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cuprate superconductors display unusual features in bothkspace and real space as the superconductivity is suppressed-a broken Fermi surface, charge density wave, and pseudogap. Contrarily, recent transport measurements on cuprates under high magnetic fields report quantum oscillations (QOs), which imply rather a usual Fermi liquid behavior. To settle the disagreement, we investigated Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δunder a magnetic field in an atomic scale. A particle-hole (p-h) asymmetrically dispersing density of states (DOSs) modulation was found at the vortices on a slightly underdoped sample, while on a highly underdoped sample, no trace of the vortex was found even at 13 T. However, a similar p-h asymmetric DOS modulation persisted in almost an entire field of view. From this observation, we infer an alternative explanation of the QO results by providing a unifying picture where the aforementioned seemingly conflicting evidence from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, spectroscopic imaging scanning tunneling microscopy, and magneto-transport measurements can be understood solely in terms of the DOS modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - J-J Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Joo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Yoo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Genda Gu
- CMPMS Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States of America
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Barišić N, Sunko DK. High-T c Cuprates: a Story of Two Electronic Subsystems. JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM 2022; 35:1781-1799. [PMID: 35756097 PMCID: PMC9217785 DOI: 10.1007/s10948-022-06183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A review of the phenomenology and microscopy of cuprate superconductors is presented, with particular attention to universal conductance features, which reveal the existence of two electronic subsystems. The overall electronic system consists of 1 + p charges, where p is the doping. At low dopings, exactly one hole is localized per planar copper-oxygen unit, while upon increasing doping and temperature, the hole is gradually delocalized and becomes itinerant. Remarkably, the itinerant holes exhibit identical Fermi liquid character across the cuprate phase diagram. This universality enables a simple count of carrier density and yields comprehensive understanding of the key features in the normal and superconducting state. A possible superconducting mechanism is presented, compatible with the key experimental facts. The base of this mechanism is the interaction of fast Fermi liquid carriers with localized holes. A change in the microscopic nature of chemical bonding in the copper oxide planes, from ionic to covalent, is invoked to explain the phase diagram of these fascinating compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Barišić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000 Croatia
- Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, 1040 Austria
| | - D. K. Sunko
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000 Croatia
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Frano A, Blanco-Canosa S, Keimer B, Birgeneau RJ. Charge ordering in superconducting copper oxides. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:374005. [PMID: 31829986 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Charge order has recently been identified as a leading competitor of high-temperature superconductivity in moderately doped cuprates. We provide a survey of universal and materials-specific aspects of this phenomenon, with emphasis on results obtained by scattering methods. In particular, we discuss the structure, periodicity, and stability range of the charge-ordered state, its response to various external perturbations, the influence of disorder, the coexistence and competition with superconductivity, as well as collective charge dynamics. In the context of this journal issue which honors Roger Cowley's legacy, we also discuss the connection of charge ordering with lattice vibrations and the central-peak phenomenon. We end the review with an outlook on research opportunities offered by new synthesis methods and experimental platforms, including cuprate thin films and superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Frano
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Santiago Blanco-Canosa
- Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Bernhard Keimer
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert J Birgeneau
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
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Pauli-limit upper critical field of high-temperature superconductor La 1.84Sr 0.16CuO 4. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16949. [PMID: 31740679 PMCID: PMC6861275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The upper critical field of a cuprate high-temperature superconductor, La1.84Sr0.16CuO4, was investigated by high-frequency self-resonant contactless electrical conductivity measurements in magnetic fields up to 102 T. An irreversible transition was observed at 85 T (T = 4.2 K), defined as the upper critical field. The temperature-dependent upper critical field was argued on the basis of the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg theory. The Pauli-limiting pair-breaking process with a small contribution of the spin-orbit coupling explained the first-order phase transition exhibiting a hysteresis observed at low temperatures.
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Ekino T, Gabovich AM, Suan Li M, Szymczak H, Voitenko AI. Quasiparticle conductance-voltage characteristics for break junctions involving d-wave superconductors: charge-density-wave effects. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:505602. [PMID: 29105650 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa9867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quasiparticle tunnel conductance-voltage characteristics (CVCs), [Formula: see text], were calculated for break junctions (BJs) made up of layered d-wave superconductors partially gapped by charge-density waves (CDWs). The current is assumed to flow in the ab-plane of electrodes. The influence of CDWs is analyzed by comparing the resulting CVCs with CVCs calculated for BJs made up of pure d-wave superconductors with relevant parameters. The main CDW-effects were found to be the appearance of new CVC peculiarities and the loss of CVC symmetry with respect to the V-sign. Tunnel directionality was shown to be one of the key factors in the formation of [Formula: see text] dependences. In particular, the orientation of electrodes with respect to the current channel becomes very important. As a result, [Formula: see text] can acquire a large variety of forms similar to those for tunnel junctions between superconductors with s-wave, d-wave, and mixed symmetry of their order parameters. The diversity of peculiarities is especially striking at finite temperatures. In the case of BJs made up of pure d-wave superconductors, the resulting CVC can include a two-peak gap-driven structure. The results were compared with the experimental BJ data for a number of high-T c oxides. It was shown that the large variety of the observed current-voltage characteristics can be interpreted in the framework of our approach. Thus, quasiparticle tunnel currents in the ab-plane can be used as an additional mean to detect CDWs competing with superconductivity in cuprates or other layered superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ekino
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
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Fermi liquid behavior of the in-plane resistivity in the pseudogap state of YBa2Cu4O8. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:13654-13659. [PMID: 27856753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602709113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the ground state of underdoped hole-doped cuprates has evolved considerably over the last few years. There is now compelling evidence that, inside the pseudogap phase, charge order breaks translational symmetry leading to a reconstructed Fermi surface made of small pockets. Quantum oscillations [Doiron-Leyraud N, et al. (2007) Nature 447(7144):565-568], optical conductivity [Mirzaei SI, et al. (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(15):5774-5778], and the validity of Wiedemann-Franz law [Grissonnache G, et al. (2016) Phys Rev B 93:064513] point to a Fermi liquid regime at low temperature in the underdoped regime. However, the observation of a quadratic temperature dependence in the electrical resistivity at low temperatures, the hallmark of a Fermi liquid regime, is still missing. Here, we report magnetoresistance measurements in the magnetic-field-induced normal state of underdoped YBa2Cu4O8 that are consistent with a T2 resistivity extending down to 1.5 K. The magnitude of the T2 coefficient, however, is much smaller than expected for a single pocket of the mass and size observed in quantum oscillations, implying that the reconstructed Fermi surface must consist of at least one additional pocket.
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Ekino T, Gabovich AM, Suan Li M, Szymczak H, Voitenko AI. Influence of the spatially inhomogeneous gap distribution on the quasiparticle current in c-axis junctions involving d-wave superconductors with charge density waves. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:445701. [PMID: 27604150 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/44/445701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The quasiparticle tunnel current J(V) between the superconducting ab-planes along the c-axis and the corresponding conductance [Formula: see text] were calculated for symmetric junctions composed of disordered d-wave layered superconductors partially gapped by charge density waves (CDWs). Here, V is the voltage. Both the checkerboard and unidirectional CDWs were considered. It was shown that the spatial spread of the CDW-pairing strength substantially smears the peculiarities of G(V) appropriate to uniform superconductors. The resulting curves G(V) become very similar to those observed for a number of cuprates in intrinsic junctions, e.g. mesas. In particular, the influence of CDWs may explain the peak-dip-hump structures frequently found for high-T c oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ekino
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
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Single reconstructed Fermi surface pocket in an underdoped single-layer cuprate superconductor. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12244. [PMID: 27448102 PMCID: PMC4961849 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation of a reconstructed Fermi surface via quantum oscillations in hole-doped cuprates opened a path towards identifying broken symmetry states in the pseudogap regime. However, such an identification has remained inconclusive due to the multi-frequency quantum oscillation spectra and complications accounting for bilayer effects in most studies. We overcome these impediments with high-resolution measurements on the structurally simpler cuprate HgBa2CuO4+δ (Hg1201), which features one CuO2 plane per primitive unit cell. We find only a single oscillatory component with no signatures of magnetic breakdown tunnelling to additional orbits. Therefore, the Fermi surface comprises a single quasi-two-dimensional pocket. Quantitative modelling of these results indicates that a biaxial charge density wave within each CuO2 plane is responsible for the reconstruction and rules out criss-crossed charge stripes between layers as a viable alternative in Hg1201. Lastly, we determine that the characteristic gap between reconstructed pockets is a significant fraction of the pseudogap energy. The identification of broken symmetry states in underdoped cuprate superconductors via quantum oscillation measurements remains inconclusive. Here, Chan et al. report the reconstructed Fermi surface of HgBa2CuO4+δ comprises only a single pocket indicating a biaxial charge-density-wave order within each CuO2 plane.
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Calorimetric determination of the magnetic phase diagram of underdoped ortho II YBa2Cu3O6.54 single crystals. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7927. [PMID: 26294047 PMCID: PMC4560754 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of a charge order in underdoped YBa2Cu3Oy raised the question of the interplay between superconductivity and this competing phase. Understanding the normal state of high-temperature superconductors is now an essential step towards the description of the pairing mechanism in those materials and determining the upper critical field is therefore of fundamental importance. We present here a calorimetric determination of the field–temperature phase diagram in underdoped YBa2Cu3Oy single crystals. We show that the specific heat saturates in high magnetic fields. This saturation is consistent with a normal state without any significant superconducting contribution and a total Sommerfeld coefficient γN∼6.5±1.5 mJ mol−1 K−2 putting strong constraints on the theoretical models for the Fermi surface reconstruction. The presence of a charge order state in underdoped YBCO raises the question of the interplay between this phase and the superconducting one. Here, the authors characterize this material's phase diagram through specific heat and magnetic measurements, providing strong constrains to theoretical models.
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Harrison N, Ramshaw BJ, Shekhter A. Nodal bilayer-splitting controlled by spin-orbit interactions in underdoped high-Tc cuprates. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10914. [PMID: 26039222 PMCID: PMC4454202 DOI: 10.1038/srep10914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The highest superconducting transition temperatures in the cuprates are achieved in bilayer and trilayer systems, highlighting the importance of interlayer interactions for high Tc. It has been argued that interlayer hybridization vanishes along the nodal directions by way of a specific pattern of orbital overlap. Recent quantum oscillation measurements in bilayer cuprates have provided evidence for a residual bilayer-splitting at the nodes that is sufficiently small to enable magnetic breakdown tunneling at the nodes. Here we show that several key features of the experimental data can be understood in terms of weak spin-orbit interactions naturally present in bilayer systems, whose primary effect is to cause the magnetic breakdown to be accompanied by a spin flip. These features can now be understood to include the equidistant set of three quantum oscillation frequencies, the asymmetry of the quantum oscillation amplitudes in c-axis transport compared to ab-plane transport, and the anomalous magnetic field angle dependence of the amplitude of the side frequencies suggestive of small effective g-factors. We suggest that spin-orbit interactions in bilayer systems can further affect the structure of the nodal quasiparticle spectrum in the superconducting phase. PACS numbers: 71.45.Lr, 71.20.Ps, 71.18.+y.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Harrison
- Mail Stop E536, Los Alamos National Labs., Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - B. J. Ramshaw
- Mail Stop E536, Los Alamos National Labs., Los Alamos, NM 87545
| | - A. Shekhter
- Mail Stop E536, Los Alamos National Labs., Los Alamos, NM 87545
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Wang Y, Agterberg DF, Chubukov A. Coexistence of charge-density-wave and pair-density-wave orders in underdoped cuprates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:197001. [PMID: 26024191 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We analyze incommensurate charge-density-wave (CDW) and pair-density-wave (PDW) orders with transferred momenta (±Q,0)/(0,±Q) in underdoped cuprates within the spin-fermion model. Both orders appear due to an exchange of spin fluctuations before magnetic order develops. We argue that the ordered state with the lowest energy has nonzero CDW and PDW components with the same momentum. Such a state breaks C_{4} lattice rotational symmetry, time-reversal symmetry, and mirror symmetries. We argue that the feedback from CDW/PDW order on fermionic dispersion is consistent with ARPES data. We discuss the interplay between the CDW/PDW order and d_{x^{2}-y^{2}} superconductivity and make specific predictions for experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Daniel F Agterberg
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Andrey Chubukov
- William I. Fine Theoretical Physics Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Allais A, Chowdhury D, Sachdev S. Connecting high-field quantum oscillations to zero-field electron spectral functions in the underdoped cuprates. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5771. [PMID: 25493606 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the pseudogap regime of cuprate superconductors at low hole density remains unresolved. It has a number of seemingly distinct experimental signatures: a suppression of the paramagnetic spin susceptibility at high temperatures, low-energy electronic excitations that extend over arcs in the Brillouin zone, X-ray detection of charge-density wave order at intermediate temperatures and quantum oscillations at high magnetic fields and low temperatures. Here we show that a model of competing charge-density wave and superconducting orders provides a unified description of the intermediate and low-temperature regimes. We treat quantum oscillations at high field beyond semiclassical approximations, and find clear and robust signatures of an electron pocket compatible with existing observations; we also predict oscillations due to additional hole pockets. In the zero-field and intermediate temperature regime, we compute the electronic spectrum in the presence of thermally fluctuating charge-density and superconducting orders. Our results are compatible with experimental trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Allais
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Debanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Subir Sachdev
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 2Y5
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