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Diao Z, Ueda K, Hou L, Li F, Yamashita H, Abe M. AI-Equipped Scanning Probe Microscopy for Autonomous Site-Specific Atomic-Level Characterization at Room Temperature. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400813. [PMID: 39240014 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
An advanced scanning probe microscopy system enhanced with artificial intelligence (AI-SPM) designed for self-driving atomic-scale measurements is presented. This system expertly identifies and manipulates atomic positions with high precision, autonomously performing tasks such as spectroscopic data acquisition and atomic adjustment. An outstanding feature of AI-SPM is its ability to detect and adapt to surface defects, targeting or avoiding them as necessary. It is also designed to overcome typical challenges such as positional drift and tip apex atomic variations due to the thermal effects, ensuring accurate, site-specific surface analysis. The tests under the demanding conditions of room temperature have demonstrated the robustness of the system, successfully navigating thermal drift and tip fluctuations. During these tests on the Si(111)-(7 × 7) surface, AI-SPM autonomously identified defect-free regions and performed a large number of current-voltage spectroscopy measurements at different adatom sites, while autonomously compensating for thermal drift and monitoring probe health. These experiments produce extensive data sets that are critical for reliable materials characterization and demonstrate the potential of AI-SPM to significantly improve data acquisition. The integration of AI into SPM technologies represents a step toward more effective, precise and reliable atomic-level surface analysis, revolutionizing materials characterization methods.
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Grants
- 19H05789 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 21H01812 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 22K18945 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 24K21716 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Diao
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ueda
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology, Research Institute, 2-4-10 Aomi, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Linfeng Hou
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Fengxuan Li
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamashita
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masayuki Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
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Xu X, Gao C, Emusani R, Jia C, Xiang D. Toward Practical Single-Molecule/Atom Switches. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400877. [PMID: 38810145 PMCID: PMC11304318 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Electronic switches have been considered to be one of the most important components of contemporary electronic circuits for processing and storing digital information. Fabricating functional devices with building blocks of atomic/molecular switches can greatly promote the minimization of the devices and meet the requirement of high integration. This review highlights key developments in the fabrication and application of molecular switching devices. This overview offers valuable insights into the switching mechanisms under various stimuli, emphasizing structural and energy state changes in the core molecules. Beyond the molecular switches, typical individual metal atomic switches are further introduced. A critical discussion of the main challenges for realizing and developing practical molecular/atomic switches is provided. These analyses and summaries will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the switch mechanisms, providing guidance for the rational design of functional nanoswitch devices toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Xu
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Chunyan Gao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Ramya Emusani
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin Key Laboratory of Micro‐scale Optical Information Science and TechnologyTianjin300350China
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Yao CH, Li YD. Evolution of the structural and electronic properties of AlnP13−n (n = 0–13) clusters. Theor Chem Acc 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fujiwara K, Shibahara M. Atomic-scale thermal manipulation with adsorbed atoms on a solid surface at a liquid-solid interface. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13202. [PMID: 31519938 PMCID: PMC6744397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating thermal transport through interfaces is one of the central issues in nanoscience and nanotechnology. This study examined thermal transport between atoms adsorbed on a solid surface and a liquid phase based on non-equilibrium molecular dynamics. The heat flux was detected at sub-atomic spatial resolution, yielding a two-dimensional map of local heat flux in the vicinity of the adsorbed atoms on the surface. Based on the detected heat flux, the possibility of atomic-scale thermal manipulation with the adsorbed atoms was examined by varying the interaction strengths between the liquid molecules and atoms adsorbed on the surface. The results of the local heat flux at the single-atom scale clearly showed effects of the adsorbed atoms on the thermal transport through the liquid-solid interface; they can significantly enhance the heat flux at the single-atom scale using degrees of freedom normal to the macroscopic temperature gradient. The effect was especially evident for a low wettability surface, which provides key information on local enhancement at the single-atom scale of the thermal transport through a liquid-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Fujiwara
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Shibahara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Kaya D, Bao D, Palmer RE, Du S, Guo Q. Tip-triggered Thermal Cascade Manipulation of Magic Number Gold-Fullerene Clusters in the Scanning Tunnelling Microscope. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6171-6176. [PMID: 28906122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate cascade manipulation between magic number gold-fullerene hybrid clusters by channelling thermal energy into a specific reaction pathway with a trigger from the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). The (C60)m-Aun clusters, formed via self-assembly on the Au(111) surface, consist of n Au atoms and m C60 molecules; the three smallest stable clusters are (C60)7-Au19, (C60)10-Au35, and (C60)12-Au49. The manipulation cascade was initiated by driving the STM tip into the cluster followed by tip retraction. Temporary, partial fragmentation of the cluster was followed by reorganization. Self-selection of the correct numbers of Au atoms and C60 molecules led to the formation of the next magic number cluster. This cascade manipulation is efficient and facile with an extremely high selectivity. It offers a way to perform on-surface tailoring of atomic and molecular clusters by harnessing thermal energy, which is known as the principal enemy of the quest to achieve ultimate structural control with the STM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogan Kaya
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Physics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University , Serdivan, Sakarya 54050, Turkey
| | - Deliang Bao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Richard E Palmer
- College of Engineering, Swansea University , Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Shixuan Du
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Quanmin Guo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Correlated rotational switching in two-dimensional self-assembled molecular rotor arrays. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16057. [PMID: 28675166 PMCID: PMC5500884 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular devices are capable of performing a number of functions from mechanical motion to simple computation. Their utility is somewhat limited, however, by difficulties associated with coupling them with either each other or with interfaces such as electrodes. Self-assembly of coupled molecular devices provides an option for the construction of larger entities that can more easily integrate with existing technologies. Here we demonstrate that ordered organometallic arrays can be formed spontaneously by reaction of precursor molecular rotor molecules with a metal surface. Scanning tunnelling microscopy enables individual rotors in the arrays to be switched and the resultant switches in neighbouring rotors imaged. The structure and dimensions of the ordered molecular rotor arrays dictate the correlated switching properties of the internal submolecular rotor units. Our results indicate that self-assembly of two-dimensional rotor crystals produces systems with correlated dynamics that would not have been predicted a priori. Single molecular machines are capable of a variety of functions, but methods to couple motion between them are still lacking. Here, Wasio et al. report the emergent behaviour of spontaneously formed two-dimensional crystals, which display correlated switching of their sub-molecular rotor units.
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Atomic Force Microscopy for Imaging, Identification and Manipulation of Single Atoms. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yamazaki S, Maeda K, Sugimoto Y, Abe M, Zobač V, Pou P, Rodrigo L, Mutombo P, Pérez R, Jelínek P, Morita S. Interplay between Switching Driven by the Tunneling Current and Atomic Force of a Bistable Four-Atom Si Quantum Dot. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4356-4363. [PMID: 26027677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We assemble bistable silicon quantum dots consisting of four buckled atoms (Si4-QD) using atom manipulation. We demonstrate two competing atom switching mechanisms, downward switching induced by tunneling current of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and opposite upward switching induced by atomic force of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Simultaneous application of competing current and force allows us to tune switching direction continuously. Assembly of the few-atom Si-QDs and controlling their states using versatile combined AFM/STM will contribute to further miniaturization of nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Yamazaki
- †The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sugimoto
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Abe
- ¶Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Vladimír Zobač
- §Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10/112, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pablo Pou
- ∥Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Rodrigo
- ∥Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pingo Mutombo
- §Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10/112, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ruben Pérez
- ∥Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- ‡Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- §Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10/112, Prague, 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Seizo Morita
- †The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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