1
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Yamashita K, Loerting T. Thermodynamically Stable Intermediate in the Course of Hydrogen Ordering from Ice V to Ice XIII. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1181-1187. [PMID: 38270372 PMCID: PMC10839903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Even though many partially ordered ices are known, it remains elusive to understand and categorize them. In this study, we study the ordering from ice V to XIII using calorimetry at ambient pressure and discover that the transition takes place via an intermediate that is thermodynamically stable at 113-120 K. Our isothermal ordering approach allows us to highlight the distinction of this intermediate from ice V and XIII, where there are clear differences both in terms of enthalpy and ordering kinetics. We suggest that the approach developed in the present work can also reveal the nature of partially ordered forms in the hydrogen order-disorder series of other ice phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishiro Yamashita
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Kobayashi H, Komatsu K, Ito H, Machida S, Hattori T, Kagi H. Slightly Hydrogen-Ordered State of Ice IV Evidenced by In Situ Neutron Diffraction. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10664-10669. [PMID: 37988084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Ice IV is a metastable high-pressure phase of ice in which the water molecules exhibit orientational disorder. Although orientational ordering is commonly observed for other ice phases, it has not been reported for ice IV. We conducted in situ powder neutron diffraction experiments for DCl-doped D2O ice IV to investigate its hydrogen ordering. We found abrupt changes in the temperature derivative of unit-cell volume, dV/dT, at ∼120 K, and revealed a slightly ordered structure at low temperatures based on the Rietveld method. The occupancy of the D1 site deviates from 0.5 in particular; it increased when samples were cooled at higher pressures and reached 0.174(14) at 2.38 GPa, 58 K. Our results evidence the presence of a low-symmetry hydrogen-ordered state corresponding to ice IV. It seems, however, difficult to experimentally access the completely ordered phase corresponding to ice IV by slow cooling at high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kobayashi
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuki Komatsu
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hayate Ito
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinichi Machida
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Takanori Hattori
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagi
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Komatsu K. Neutrons meet ice polymorphs. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2022.2127148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Komatsu
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Yuan XQ, Yu XH, Zhu XL, Wang XC, Liu XY, Cao JW, Qin XL, Zhang P. Comparative Analysis of the Hydrogen Bond Vibrations of Ice XII. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2970-2974. [PMID: 35097289 PMCID: PMC8792919 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to theoretically study the vibrational spectrum of hydrogen-disordered ice XII compared with its hydrogen-ordered counterpart, ice XIV. We constructed a 24-molecule supercell of ice XII to mimic its real structure. We focused on hydrogen bond (HB) vibrational modes in the translation band using first-principles density functional theory (DFT). Our simulated results were in good agreement with inelastic neutron scattering experiments. We found that the optical vibrational modes of HBs are composed of three main components. These are cluster vibrations in the lowest-frequency region, four-bond HB vibrations in the highest-frequency region, and two-bond modes in between. Although the experimentally recorded curve of ice XII is smooth in the translation region, our results support the proposal that two types of intrinsic HB vibrational modes are common in the ice family.
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5
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Gasser TM, Thoeny AV, Fortes AD, Loerting T. Structural characterization of ice XIX as the second polymorph related to ice VI. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1128. [PMID: 33602946 PMCID: PMC7892819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice polymorphs usually appear as hydrogen disorder-order pairs. Ice VI has a wide range of thermodynamic stability and exists in the interior of Earth and icy moons. Our previous work suggested ice β-XV as a second polymorph deriving from disordered ice VI, in addition to ice XV. Here we report thermal and structural characterization of the previously inaccessible deuterated polymorph using ex situ calorimetry and high-resolution neutron powder diffraction. Ice β-XV, now called ice XIX, is shown to be partially antiferroelectrically ordered and crystallising in a √2×√2×1 supercell. Our powder data recorded at subambient pressure fit best to the structural model in space group [Formula: see text]. Key to the synthesis of deuterated ice XIX is the use of a DCl-doped D2O/H2O mixture, where the small H2O fraction enhances ice XIX nucleation kinetics. In addition, we observe the transition from ice XIX to its sibling ice XV upon heating, which proceeds via a transition state (ice VI‡) containing a disordered H-sublattice. To the best of our knowledge this represents the first order-order transition known in ice physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Gasser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander V Thoeny
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Dominic Fortes
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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6
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Xiao R, Huang L, Han Y, Liu J, Li J. Ab initio phase transition prediction for ices XV/XIV/VIII at high pressures and low temperatures. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Belyanchikov MA, Savinov M, Bedran ZV, Bednyakov P, Proschek P, Prokleska J, Abalmasov VA, Petzelt J, Zhukova ES, Thomas VG, Dudka A, Zhugayevych A, Prokhorov AS, Anzin VB, Kremer RK, Fischer JKH, Lunkenheimer P, Loidl A, Uykur E, Dressel M, Gorshunov B. Dielectric ordering of water molecules arranged in a dipolar lattice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3927. [PMID: 32764722 PMCID: PMC7411056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermolecular hydrogen bonds impede long-range (anti-)ferroelectric order of water. We confine H2O molecules in nanosized cages formed by ions of a dielectric crystal. Arranging them in channels at a distance of ~5 Å with an interchannel separation of ~10 Å prevents the formation of hydrogen networks while electric dipole-dipole interactions remain effective. Here, we present measurements of the temperature-dependent dielectric permittivity, pyrocurrent, electric polarization and specific heat that indicate an order-disorder ferroelectric phase transition at T0 ≈ 3 K in the water dipolar lattice. Ab initio molecular dynamics and classical Monte Carlo simulations reveal that at low temperatures the water molecules form ferroelectric domains in the ab-plane that order antiferroelectrically along the channel direction. This way we achieve the long-standing goal of arranging water molecules in polar order. This is not only of high relevance in various natural systems but might open an avenue towards future applications in biocompatible nanoelectronics. Despite the apparent simplicity of a H2O molecule, the mutual ferroelectric ordering of the molecules is unresolved. Here, the authors realize a macroscopic ferroelectric phase transition in a network of dipole-dipole coupled water molecules located in nanopores of gemstone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Belyanchikov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - M Savinov
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221, Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Z V Bedran
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - P Bednyakov
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221, Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - P Proschek
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - J Prokleska
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 12116, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - V A Abalmasov
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - J Petzelt
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221, Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - E S Zhukova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - V G Thomas
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Dudka
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Zhugayevych
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Prokhorov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V B Anzin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - R K Kremer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J K H Fischer
- Experimental Physics V, University of Augsburg, 86135, Augsburg, Germany.,T. Kimura Lab, Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P Lunkenheimer
- Experimental Physics V, University of Augsburg, 86135, Augsburg, Germany
| | - A Loidl
- Experimental Physics V, University of Augsburg, 86135, Augsburg, Germany
| | - E Uykur
- 1.Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Dressel
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.,1.Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B Gorshunov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.
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8
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Plaga LJ, Raidt A, Fuentes Landete V, Amann-Winkel K, Massani B, Gasser TM, Gainaru C, Loerting T, Böhmer R. Amorphous and crystalline ices studied by dielectric spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:244501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Plaga
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A. Raidt
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - V. Fuentes Landete
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K. Amann-Winkel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B. Massani
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. M. Gasser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C. Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T. Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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9
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Salzmann CG. Advances in the experimental exploration of water's phase diagram. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:060901. [PMID: 30770019 DOI: 10.1063/1.5085163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water's phase diagram displays enormous complexity with currently 17 experimentally confirmed polymorphs of ice and several more predicted computationally. For almost 120 years, it has been a stomping ground for scientific discovery, and ice research has often been a trailblazer for investigations into a wide range of materials-related phenomena. Here, the experimental progress of the last couple of years is reviewed, and open questions as well as future challenges are discussed. The specific topics include (i) the polytypism and stacking disorder of ice I, (ii) the mechanism of the pressure amorphization of ice I, (iii) the emptying of gas-filled clathrate hydrates to give new low-density ice polymorphs, (iv) the effects of acid/base doping on hydrogen-ordering phase transitions as well as (v) the formation of solid solutions between salts and the ice polymorphs, and the effect this has on the appearance of the phase diagram. In addition to continuing efforts to push the boundaries in terms of the extremes of pressure and temperature, the exploration of the "chemical" dimensions of ice research appears to now be a newly emerging trend. It is without question that ice research has entered a very exciting era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph G Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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10
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Fuentes-Landete V, Köster KW, Böhmer R, Loerting T. Thermodynamic and kinetic isotope effects on the order-disorder transition of ice XIV to ice XII. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21607-21616. [PMID: 30101255 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03786h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isotope effects accompanying the order-disorder transition of ice XIV to ice XII are studied using calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and dielectric spectroscopy. Particular emphasis is placed on the impact of the cooling rate applied during high-pressure production and during ambient-pressure recooling on the degree of hydrogen order in the low-temperature ice XIV phase. For specimens from D2O, ordering is harder to achieve in the sense that despite smaller cooling rates, the degree of order is less than in crystals produced from H2O. The degree of ordering can be quantified in terms of the Pauling entropy using calorimetry and manifests itself in structural and dynamical features that were examined using X-ray diffraction and dielectric spectroscopy, respectively. In hydrogen chloride doped samples, H/D substitution was found to slow down the dipolar dynamics up to about 30-fold and shifts the order-disorder transition by 4-6 K. By contrast to earlier assumptions it is possible to reach a high degree of ordering also at ambient pressure, provided the cooling rate is small enough. That is, at ambient pressure, orthorhombic stress slows down the dipolar reorientation near the ordering transition by a factor of 300-2000 for H2O and 30-100 for D2O samples. Furthermore, by long-term storage of our samples at 77 K we have reached surprisingly large increases in degree of order. For the D2O samples we observed an unprecedented high order, corresponding to more than 45% of the Pauling entropy.
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11
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Rosu-Finsen A, Salzmann CG. Benchmarking acid and base dopants with respect to enabling the ice V to XIII and ice VI to XV hydrogen-ordering phase transitions. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:244507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rosu-Finsen
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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12
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Gainaru C, Vynokur E, Köster KW, Fuentes-Landete V, Spettel N, Zollner J, Loerting T, Böhmer R. Dynamic signatures of the transition from stacking disordered to hexagonal ice: Dielectric and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5023178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - E. Vynokur
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - K. W. Köster
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - V. Fuentes-Landete
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N. Spettel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J. Zollner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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13
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Gasser TM, Thoeny AV, Plaga LJ, Köster KW, Etter M, Böhmer R, Loerting T. Experiments indicating a second hydrogen ordered phase of ice VI. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4224-4234. [PMID: 29780552 PMCID: PMC5942039 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00135a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last twelve years five new ice phases were experimentally prepared. Two of them are empty clathrate hydrates and three of them represent hydrogen ordered counterparts of previously known disordered ice phases. Here, we report on hydrogen ordering in ice VI samples produced by cooling at pressures up to 2.00 GPa. Based on results from calorimetry, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction the existence of a second hydrogen ordered polymorph related to ice VI is suggested. Powder X-ray data show the oxygen network to be the one of ice VI. For the 1.80 GPa sample the activation energy from dielectric spectroscopy is 45 kJ mol-1, which is much larger than for the known hydrogen ordered proxy of ice VI, ice XV. Raman spectroscopy indicates the 1.80 GPa sample to be more ordered than ice XV. It is further distinct from ice XV in that it experiences hydrogen disordering above ≈103 K which is 26 K below the ice XV to ice VI disordering transition. Consequently, below 103 K it is thermodynamically more stable than ice XV, adding a stability region to the phase diagram of water. For the time being we suggest to call this new phase ice β-XV and to relabel it ice XVIII once its crystal structure is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Gasser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria .
| | - Alexander V Thoeny
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria .
| | - Lucie J Plaga
- Fakultät Physik , Technische Universität Dortmund , D-44221 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Karsten W Köster
- Fakultät Physik , Technische Universität Dortmund , D-44221 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik , Technische Universität Dortmund , D-44221 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria .
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14
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Komatsu K, Noritake F, Machida S, Sano-Furukawa A, Hattori T, Yamane R, Kagi H. Partially ordered state of ice XV. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28920. [PMID: 27375120 PMCID: PMC4931510 DOI: 10.1038/srep28920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most ice polymorphs have order-disorder "pairs" in terms of hydrogen positions, which contributes to the rich variety of ice polymorphs; in fact, three recently discovered polymorphs- ices XIII, XIV, and XV-are ordered counter forms to already identified disordered phases. Despite the considerable effort to understand order-disorder transition in ice crystals, there is an inconsistency among the various experiments and calculations for ice XV, the ordered counter form of ice VI, i.e., neutron diffraction observations suggest antiferroelectrically ordered structures, which disagree with dielectric measurement and theoretical studies, implying ferroelectrically ordered structures. Here we investigate in-situ neutron diffraction measurements and density functional theory calculations to revisit the structure and stability of ice XV. We find that none of the completely ordered configurations are particular favored; instead, partially ordered states are established as a mixture of ordered domains in disordered ice VI. This scenario in which several kinds of ordered configuration coexist dispels the contradictions in previous studies. It means that the order-disorder pairs in ice polymorphs are not one-to-one correspondent pairs but rather have one-to-n correspondence, where there are n possible configurations at finite temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Komatsu
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - F. Noritake
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S. Machida
- CROSS-Tokai, Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, IQBRC Bldg, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - A. Sano-Furukawa
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - T. Hattori
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - R. Yamane
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H. Kagi
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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