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Wang J, Zuo Z, Yu Z, Chen Z, Meng X, Ma Z, Niu J, Guo R, Tran LJ, Zhang J, Jiang T, Ye F, Ma B, Sun Z. Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealing the intratumoral heterogeneity of ccRCC and validation of MT2A in pathogenesis. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:300. [PMID: 37713131 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) appears as the most common type of kidney cancer, the carcinogenesis of which has not been fully elucidated. Tumor heterogeneity plays a crucial role in cancer progression, which could be largely deciphered by the implement of scRNA-seq. The bulk and single-cell RNA expression profile is obtained from TCGA and study conducted by Young et al. We utilized UMAP, TSNE, and clustering algorithm Louvain for dimensionality reduction and FindAllMarkers function for determining the DEGs. Monocle2 was utilized to perform pseudo-time series analysis. SCENIC was implemented for transcription factor analysis of each cell subgroup. A series of WB, CFA, CCK-8, and EDU analysis was utilized for the validation of the role of MT2A in ccRCC carcinogenesis. We observed higher infiltration of T/NK and B cells in tumorous tissues, indicating the role of immune cells in ccRCC carcinogenesis. Transcription factor analysis revealed the activation of EOMES and ETS1 in CD8 + T cells, while CAFs were divided into myo-CAFs and i-CAFs, with i-CAFs showing distinct enrichment of ATF3, JUND, JUNB, EGR1, and XBP1. Through cell trajectory analysis, we discerned three distinct stages of cellular evolution, where State2 symbolizes normal renal tubular cells that underwent transitions into State1 and State3 as the CNV score ascended. Functional enrichment examination revealed an amplification of interferon gamma and inflammatory response pathways within tumor cells. The consensus clustering algorithm yielded two molecular subtypes, with cluster 2 being associated with advanced tumor stages and an abundance of infiltrated immune cells. We identified 17 prognostic genes through Cox and LASSO regression models and used them to construct a prognostic model, the efficacy of which was verified in multiple cohorts. Furthermore, we investigated the role of MT2A, one of our hub genes, in ccRCC carcinogenesis, and found it to regulate proliferation and migration of malignant cells. We depicted a detailed single-cell landscape of ccRCC, with special focus on CAFs, endothelial cells, and renal tubular cells. A prognostic model of high stability and accuracy was constructed based on the DEGs. MT2A was found to be actively implicated in ccRCC carcinogenesis, regulating proliferation and migration of the malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Meishan City, Meishan, 620500, Sichuan, China
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Zili Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Meishan City, Meishan, 620500, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongze Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Meishan City, Meishan, 620500, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigui Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second People's Hospital of Meishan City, Meishan, 620500, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangdi Meng
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaosen Ma
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Jiqiang Niu
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Lisa Jia Tran
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, The University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Tianxiao Jiang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, The University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - Fangdie Ye
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Baoluo Ma
- Department of Urology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhou Sun
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China.
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Muthamil S, Kim HY, Jang HJ, Lyu JH, Shin UC, Go Y, Park SH, Lee HG, Park JH. Understanding the relationship between cancer associated cachexia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114802. [PMID: 37146421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by an unrestricted loss of body weight as a result of muscle and adipose tissue atrophy. Cachexia is influenced by several factors, including decreased metabolic activity and food intake, an imbalance between energy uptake and expenditure, excessive catabolism, and inflammation. Cachexia is highly associated with all types of cancers responsible for more than half of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. In healthy individuals, adipose tissue significantly regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis. However, in metastatic cancer patients, CAC occurs mainly because of an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation which are organized by certain extracellular ligands and associated signaling pathways. Under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) accumulated and translocated to the nucleus and activate numerous genes involved in cell survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, and cancer stemness. On the other hand, the ubiquitination proteasome pathway is inhibited during low O2 levels which promote muscle wasting in cancer patients. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the HIF-1 pathway and its metabolic adaptation to biomolecules is important for developing a novel therapeutic method for cancer and cachexia therapy. Even though many HIF inhibitors are already in a clinical trial, their mechanism of action remains unknown. With this background, this review summarizes the basic concepts of cachexia, the role of inflammatory cytokines, pathways connected with cachexia with special reference to the HIF-1 pathway and its regulation, metabolic changes, and inhibitors of HIFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Muthamil
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yong Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyo Lyu
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Cheol Shin
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine (KM)-application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Genetic and Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), KIOM campus, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Abdolvahab MH, Darvishi B, Zarei M, Majidzadeh-A K, Farahmand L. Interferons: role in cancer therapy. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:833-855. [PMID: 32635782 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling cytokines, secreted by host cells to induce protection against various disorders. IFNs can directly impact on tumor cells or indirectly induce the immune system to protect host cells. The expression levels of IFNs and its functions of are excellently modulated in a way to protect host cells from probable toxicities caused by extreme responses. The efficacy of anticancer therapies is correlated to IFNs signaling. Although IFN signaling is involved in induction of antitumor responses, chronic stimulation of the IFN signaling pathway can induce resistance to various antineoplasm therapies. Hence, IFNs are expressed by both cancer and immune cells, and modulate their biological function. Understanding this mechanism of action might be a key target of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Haji Abdolvahab
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Center for Mitochondrial & Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
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Lactobacillus reuteri Enhances the Mucosal Barrier Function against Heat-killed Salmonella Typhimurium in the Intestine of Broiler Chicks. J Poult Sci 2020; 57:148-159. [PMID: 32461730 PMCID: PMC7248004 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0190044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) infection in chickens inhibits their growth and can lead to food-borne diseases in humans. Probiotics are expected to enhance the function of host intestinal barrier against pathogen infection. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of viable Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) on the response of the mucosal barrier function to antigen stimulation in broiler chicks. Day-old male (n=8) and female (n=4) broiler chicks were orally administered either 1 × 108 LR or a water-only control, every day for 7 days. After 7 days, either 1 × 108 heat-killed ST (k-ST), or a buffer-only control, was administered via intra-cardiac injection. The ileum and cecum were collected 3 h post-injection, and paraffin sections were prepared for either mRNA extraction (males), or gut permeability tests (females). Villus and crypt lengths were determined via histological analysis. Real-time PCR was used to calculate expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, avian β-defensins, and tight-junction-associated molecules. Gut permeability was assessed using the inverted intestine method. We found that (1) expression of TLR2-1, TLR21, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 were reduced following k-ST stimulation, but were unaffected by LR-treatment; (2) oral administration of LR led to increased Claudin1, Claudin5, ZO2, and JAM2 expression following k-ST stimulation; (3) cecal permeability was reduced by co-treatment with LR and k-ST, but not by treatment with LR or k-ST alone. These results suggest that LR, as used in this study, may enhance the intestinal mucosal physical barrier function, but not the expression of other immune-related factors in newly hatched chicks.
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Ni L, Lu J. Interferon gamma in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Med 2018; 7:4509-4516. [PMID: 30039553 PMCID: PMC6143921 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system can recognize self vs transformed self. That is why cancer immunotherapy achieves notable benefits in a wide variety of cancers. Recently, several papers reported that immune checkpoint blockade therapy led to upregulation of IFNγ and in turn clearance of tumor cells. In this review, we conducted an extensive literature search of recent 5‐year studies about the roles of IFNγ signaling in both tumor immune surveillance and immune evasion. In addition to well‐known functions, IFNγ signaling also induces tumor ischemia and homeostasis program, resulting in tumor clearance and tumor escape, respectively. The yin and the yang of IFNγ signaling are summarized. Thus, this review helps us to comprehensively understand the roles of IFNγ in tumor immunity, which contributes to better design and management of clinical immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ni
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xu C, Feng K, Zhao X, Huang S, Cheng Y, Qian L, Wang Y, Sun H, Jin M, Chuang TH, Zhang Y. Regulation of autophagy by E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF216 through BECN1 ubiquitination. Autophagy 2015; 10:2239-50. [PMID: 25484083 PMCID: PMC4502788 DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.981792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved biological process involved in an array of physiological and pathological events. Without proper control, autophagy contributes to various disorders, including cancer and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. It is therefore of vital importance that autophagy is under careful balance. Thus, additional regulators undoubtedly deepen our understanding of the working network, and provide potential therapeutic targets for disorders. In this study, we found that RNF216 (ring finger protein 216), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, strongly inhibits autophagy in macrophages. Further exploration demonstrates that RNF216 interacts with BECN1, a key regulator in autophagy, and leads to ubiquitination of BECN1, thereby contributing to BECN1 degradation. RNF216 was involved in the ubiquitination of lysine 48 of BECN1 through direct interaction with the triad (2 RING fingers and a DRIL [double RING finger linked]) domain. We further showed that inhibition of autophagy through overexpression of RNF216 in alveolar macrophages promotes Listeria monocytogenes growth and distribution, while knockdown of RNF216 significantly inhibited these outcomes. These effects were confirmed in a mouse model of L. monocytogenes infection, suggesting that manipulating RNF216 expression could be a therapeutic approach. Thus, our study identifies a novel negative regulator of autophagy and suggests that RNF216 may be a target for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Key Words
- Atg, autophagy-related
- BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- BECN1
- BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophage
- CFU, colony-forming unit
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAP1LC3A, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 α
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- NFKB, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RIPK1, receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1
- RNF216
- RNF216, ring finger protein 216;TIRAP, toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein
- TICAM1/TRIF, toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1
- TICAM2, toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 2
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRAF, TNF receptor-associated factor
- Triad, 2 RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)
- Ub, ubiquitin
- autophagy
- i.t., intratracheally
- protein degradation
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
- ubiquitination
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Affiliation(s)
- Congfeng Xu
- a Shanghai Institute of Immunology; Institutes of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM); and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology; Institute of Health Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences & SJTUSM ; Shanghai , China
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Penha Filho RAC, Díaz SJA, Fernando FS, Chang YF, Andreatti Filho RL, Berchieri Junior A. Immunomodulatory activity and control of Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in the intestinal tract of chickens by Lactobacillus based probiotic. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 167:64-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mechanisms of Memory T Cell Activation and Effective Immunity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 850:73-80. [PMID: 26324347 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15774-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Effective immunization induces the development of populations of robust effector lymphocytes specific for the immunizing antigens. Amongst them are cytotoxic/CD8(+)T lymphocytes, which few will further differentiate into long-lived memory cells persisting in the host and exhibiting improved functional characteristics. The current model is that such memory cells can confer rapid host protection upon cognate antigen-mediated activation and direct killing of infected cells. In this chapter, we discuss work from our group and others that highlight the contribution of inflammatory cytokines to memory CD8(+) T cell activation and of cytolysis-independent mechanisms of host protection.
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