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Potnis N. Harnessing Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Xanthomonads on Tomato and Pepper to Tackle New Problems of an Old Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 59:289-310. [PMID: 34030449 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial spot is an endemic seedborne disease responsible for recurring outbreaks on tomato and pepper around the world. The disease is caused by four diverse species, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas perforans, and Xanthomonas vesicatoria. There are no commercially available disease-resistant tomato varieties, and the disease is managed by chemical/biological control options, although these have not reduced the incidence of outbreaks. The disease on peppers is managed by disease-resistant cultivars that are effective against X. euvesicatoria but not X. gardneri. A significant shift in composition and prevalence of different species and races of the pathogen has occurred over the past century. Here, I attempt to review ecological and evolutionary processes associated with the population dynamics leading to disease emergence and spread. The goal of this review is to integrate the knowledge on population genomics and molecular plant-microbe interactions for this pathosystem to tailor disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Potnis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA;
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2
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Cui F, Zhu P, Ji J, Blaženović I, Gholami M, Zhang Y, Sun X. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic study of lipopolysaccharides toxicity on rat basophilic leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 281:81-88. [PMID: 29275087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can lead to uncontrollable cytokine production, fatal sepsis syndrome and depression/multiple organ failure, as pathophysiologic demonstration. Various toxic effects of LPS have been extensively reported, mainly on the toxicity of LPS in cellular level, macrophages or tumor cells, etc. This work aimed on the impact of LPS on mast cell metabolism, which focused on LPS-induced cellular metabolic profiles. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics strategy was implemented for the endo-metabolites detection in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, treated with 10 μg/mL LPS for 24 h, along with multiple time-dose tests of cells viability/apoptosis. Significantly changes metabolites were mainly involved the metabolism of glycine, serine, threonine and the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and pentose phosphate pathway. The endo-metabolism results illustrated that LPS treatment led to downregulation of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism besides pentose phosphate pathway in RBL-2H3 cells. This novel insight into LPS cellular metabolism, provides some heuristic guidance for elucidating the underlying mechanism of LPS-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Cui
- School of Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Pei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Jian Ji
- School of Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | | | - Morteza Gholami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- School of Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- School of Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Kagan JC. Lipopolysaccharide Detection across the Kingdoms of Life. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:696-704. [PMID: 28551077 PMCID: PMC5624813 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies in recent years have uncovered a diverse set of eukaryotic receptors that recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria. Indeed, Toll-like receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors, integrins, receptor-like kinases, and caspases have emerged as important LPS-interacting proteins. In this review, the mammalian receptors that detect LPS are described. I highlight how no host protein is involved in all LPS responses, but a single lipid (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate) regulates many LPS responses, including endocytosis, phagocytosis, inflammation, and pyroptosis. I further describe LPS response systems that operate specifically in plants, and discuss potentially new LPS response systems that await discovery. This diversity of receptors for a single microbial product underscores the importance of host-microbe interactions in multiple kingdoms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Kagan
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Di Lorenzo F, Silipo A, Andersen Gersby LB, Palmigiano A, Lanzetta R, Garozzo D, Boyer C, Pruvost O, Newman MA, Molinaro A. Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Pathotypes: LPS Structure and Function as Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns. Chembiochem 2017; 18:772-781. [PMID: 28186388 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri pv. citri is the pathogen responsible for Asiatic citrus canker, one of the most serious citrus diseases worldwide. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule has been demonstrated to be involved in X. citri pv. citri virulence. Despite enormous progress in investigations of the molecular mechanisms for bacterial pathogenicity, determination of the detailed LPS structure-activity relationship is limited, as the current knowledge is mainly based on structural determination of one X. citri pv. citri strain. As X. citri pv. citri strains are distinguished into three main pathogenicity groups, we characterized the full structure of the LPS from two pathotypes that differ in their host-range specificity. This revealed an intriguing difference in LPS O-chain structure. We also tested the LPSs and isolated lipid A moieties for their ability to act as microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. Both LPS/lipid As induced ROS accumulation, but no difference was observed between the two pathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Palmigiano
- CNR-Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali IPCB, via Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Lanzetta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR-Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali IPCB, via Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudine Boyer
- CIRAD, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical (PVBMT), Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Pruvost
- CIRAD, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical (PVBMT), Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Mari-Anne Newman
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
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Liu J, Cao X. Cellular and molecular regulation of innate inflammatory responses. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 13:711-721. [PMID: 27818489 PMCID: PMC5101451 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate sensing of pathogens by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) plays essential roles in the innate discrimination between self and non-self components, leading to the generation of innate immune defense and inflammatory responses. The initiation, activation and resolution of innate inflammatory response are mediated by a complex network of interactions among the numerous cellular and molecular components of immune and non-immune system. While a controlled and beneficial innate inflammatory response is critical for the elimination of pathogens and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, dysregulated or sustained inflammation leads to pathological conditions such as chronic infection, inflammatory autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss some of the recent advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for the establishment and regulation of innate immunity and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
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Dai D, Gao Y, Chen J, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Xu F. Time-resolved metabolomics analysis of individual differences during the early stage of lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34136. [PMID: 27695004 PMCID: PMC5046119 DOI: 10.1038/srep34136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can lead to uncontrollable cytokine production and eventually cause fatal sepsis syndrome. Individual toxicity difference of LPS has been widely reported. In our study we observed that two thirds of the rats (24/36) died at a given dose of LPS, while the rest (12/36) survived. Tracking the dynamic metabolic change in survival and non-survival rats in the early stage may reveal new system information to understand the inter-individual variation in response to LPS. As the time-resolved datasets are very complex and no single method can elucidate the problem clearly and comprehensively, the static and dynamic metabolomics methods were employed in combination as cross-validation. Intriguingly, some common results have been observed. Lipids were the main different metabolites between survival and non-survival rats in pre-dose serum and in the early stage of infection with LPS. The LPS treatment led to S-adenosly-methionine and total cysteine individual difference in early stage, and subsequent significant perturbations in energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Furthermore, cytokine profiles were analyzed to identify potential biological associations between cytokines and specific metabolites. Our collective findings may provide some heuristic guidance for elucidating the underlying mechanism of individual difference in LPS-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yiqiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiaqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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7
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Wang M, Wang L, Guo Y, Yi Q, Song L. An LRR-only protein representing a new type of pattern recognition receptor in Chlamys farreri. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:145-155. [PMID: 26385592 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-only proteins could mediate protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions and were involved in the immune response. In the present study, an LRR-only protein (designed as CfLRRop-1) was cloned from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri. The complete cDNA sequence of CfLRRop-1 contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1377 bp, which encoded a protein of 458 amino acids. An LRRNT motif, an LRR_7 motif and seven LRR motifs were found in the deduced amino acid sequence of CfLRRop-1. And these seven LRR motifs contained a conserved signature sequence LxxLxLxxNxL. The mRNA transcripts of CfLRRop-1 were constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues, including haemocytes, muscle, mantle, gill, hepatopancreas and gonad, with the highest expression level in hepatopancreas. After the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), glucan (GLU) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), the mRNA transcripts of CfLRRop-1 in haemocytes all increased firstly within the first 6 h and secondly during 12-24 h post stimulation. The mRNA expression level of CfLRRop-1 was continuously up-regulated, after the expression of CfTLR (previously identified Toll-like receptor in C. farreri) was suppressed via RNA interference (RNAi). The recombinant CfLRRop-1 protein could directly bind LPS, PGN, GLU and poly I:C, and induce the release of TNF-α in mixed primary cultured scallop haemocytes. These results collectively indicated that CfLRRop-1 would function as a powerful pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and play a pivotal role in the immune response of scallops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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Du Y, Stegmann M, Misas Villamil JC. The apoplast as battleground for plant-microbe interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:34-8. [PMID: 26625346 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Stegmann
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Johana C Misas Villamil
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany
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