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Liu R, Ding Y, Jing F, Chen Z, Su C, Pan L. Effects of dietary glycerol monolaurate on growth and digestive performance, lipid metabolism, immune defense and gut microbiota of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109666. [PMID: 38838839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of the Penaeus vannamei industry in a sustainable manner necessitates the creation of eco-friendly and exceptionally effective feed additives. To achieve this, 720 similarly-sized juvenile shrimp (0.88 ± 0.02 g) were randomly divided into four groups in this study, with each group consisting of three replicates, each tank (400 L) containing 60 shrimp. Four experimental diets were formulated by adding 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg kg-1 glycerol monolaurate (GML) to the basal diet, and the feeding trial lasted for 42 days. Subsequently, a 72-h White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) challenge test was conducted. Polynomial orthogonal contrasts analysis revealed that with the increase in the concentration of GML, those indicators related to growth, metabolism and immunity, exhibit linear or quadratic correlations (P < 0.05). The results indicate that the GML groups exhibited a significant improvement in the shrimp weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and a reduction in the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the GML groups promoted the lipase activity and reduced lipid content of the shrimp, augmented the expression of triglyceride and fatty acid decomposition-related genes and lowered the levels of plasma triglycerides (P < 0.05). GML can also enhanced the humoral immunity of the shrimp by activating the Toll-like receptor and Immune deficiency immune pathways, improved the phagocytic capacity and antibacterial ability of shrimp hemocytes. The challenge test revealed that GML significantly reduced the mortality of the shrimp compared to control group. The 16S rRNA sequencing indicates that the GML group can increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria. However, 1500 mg kg-1 GML adversely affected the stability of the intestinal microbiota, significantly upregulating intestinal antimicrobial peptide-related genes and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels (P < 0.05). In summary, 1000 mg kg-1 GML was proven to enhance the growth performance, lipid absorption and metabolism, humoral immune response, and gut microbiota condition of P. vannamei, with no negative physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanjun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Futao Jing
- Shandong Fisheries Development and Resources Conservation Center, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Zhifei Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chen Su
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Huang PY, Shih IA, Liao YC, You HL, Lee MJ. FT895 Impairs Mitochondrial Function in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:277. [PMID: 38203448 PMCID: PMC10779378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) stands as a prevalent neurocutaneous disorder. Approximately a quarter of NF1 patients experience the development of plexiform neurofibromas, potentially progressing into malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). FT895, an HDAC11 inhibitor, exhibits potent anti-tumor effects on MPNST cells and enhances the cytotoxicity of cordycepin against MPNST. The study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying FT895's efficacy against MPNST cells. Initially, our study unveiled that FT895 disrupts mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Post-FT895 treatment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MPNST notably increased, while mitochondrial DNA copy numbers decreased significantly. Seahorse analysis indicated a considerable decrease in basal, maximal, and ATP-production-coupled respiration following FT895 treatment. Immunostaining highlighted FT895's role in promoting mitochondrial aggregation without triggering mitophagy, possibly due to reduced levels of XBP1, Parkin, and PINK1 proteins. Moreover, the study using CHIP-qPCR analysis revealed a significant reduction in the copy numbers of promoters of the MPV17L2, POLG, TFAM, PINK1, and Parkin genes. The RNA-seq analysis underscored the prominent role of the HIF-1α signaling pathway post-FT895 treatment, aligning with the observed impairment in mitochondrial respiration. In summary, the study pioneers the revelation that FT895 induces mitochondrial respiratory damage in MPNST cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10012, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (I.-A.S.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-L.Y.)
| | - I-An Shih
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10012, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (I.-A.S.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-L.Y.)
| | - Ying-Chih Liao
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10012, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (I.-A.S.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-L.Y.)
| | - Huey-Ling You
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10012, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (I.-A.S.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-L.Y.)
| | - Ming-Jen Lee
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10012, Taiwan; (P.-Y.H.); (I.-A.S.); (Y.-C.L.); (H.-L.Y.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10012, Taiwan
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Wang Q, Bu Q, Liu M, Zhang R, Gu J, Li L, Zhou J, Liang Y, Su W, Liu Z, Wang M, Lian Z, Lu L, Zhou H. XBP1-mediated activation of the STING signalling pathway in macrophages contributes to liver fibrosis progression. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2022; 4:100555. [PMID: 36185574 PMCID: PMC9520276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims XBP1 modulates the macrophage proinflammatory response, but its function in macrophage stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation and liver fibrosis is unknown. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) has been shown to promote macrophage nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) activation in steatohepatitis. Herein, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of XBP1 in the regulation of STING signalling and the subsequent NLRP3 activation during liver fibrosis. Methods XBP1 expression was measured in the human fibrotic liver tissue samples. Liver fibrosis was induced in myeloid-specific Xbp1-, STING-, and Nlrp3-deficient mice by carbon tetrachloride injection, bile duct ligation, or a methionine/choline-deficient diet. Results Although increased XBP1 expression was observed in the fibrotic liver macrophages of mice and clinical patients, myeloid-specific Xbp1 deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of XBP1 protected the liver against fibrosis. Furthermore, it inhibited macrophage NLPR3 activation in a STING/IRF3-dependent manner. Oxidative mitochondrial injury facilitated cytosolic leakage of macrophage self-mtDNA and cGAS/STING/NLRP3 signalling activation to promote liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing analysis indicated a decreased mtDNA expression and an increased BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)-mediated mitophagy activation in Xbp1-deficient macrophages. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays further suggested that spliced XBP1 bound directly to the Bnip3 promoter and inhibited the transcription of Bnip3 in macrophages. Xbp1 deficiency decreased the mtDNA cytosolic release and STING/NLRP3 activation by promoting BNIP3-mediated mitophagy activation in macrophages, which was abrogated by Bnip3 knockdown. Moreover, macrophage XBP1/STING signalling contributed to the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that XBP1 controls macrophage cGAS/STING/NLRP3 activation by regulating macrophage self-mtDNA cytosolic leakage via BNIP3-mediated mitophagy modulation, thus providing a novel target against liver fibrosis. Lay summary Liver fibrosis is a typical progressive process of chronic liver disease, driven by inflammatory and immune responses, and is characterised by an excess of extracellular matrix in the liver. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis, resulting in high mortality worldwide. In this study, we found that myeloid-specific Xbp1 deficiency protected the liver against fibrosis in mice, while XBP1 inhibition ameliorated liver fibrosis in mice. This study concluded that targeting XBP1 signalling in macrophages may provide a novel strategy for protecting the liver against fibrosis. Macrophage STING signalling can be activated by mtDNA cytosolic leakage from macrophages themselves. Xbp1 depletion suppresses cGAS/STING/NLRP3 activation by restoring BNIP3-mediated mitophagy activation in macrophages. XBP1 targets and inhibits the transcription of Bnip3 directly in macrophages. Myeloid-specific Xbp1 deficiency, or STING deficiency, or Nlrp3 depletion protect livers against fibrosis in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of XBP1 ameliorates liver fibrosis in mice.
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Key Words
- Acta2/α-SMA, actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta
- BDL, bile duct ligation
- BMDMs, bone marrow-derived macrophages
- BNIP3
- BNIP3, BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- CM, conditional media
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- Col1a1, collagen, type I, alpha 1
- DMXAA, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- EtBr, ethidium bromide
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- IRE1α, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LC3B, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Liver fibrosis
- MCD, methionine/choline-deficient diet
- Macrophage
- Mitophagy
- MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NLRP3, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STING
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- TBK1, TANK binding kinase 1
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta 1
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor alpha
- Timp1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1
- WT, wild-type
- XBP1
- XBP1, X-box binding protein 1
- cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
- mtDNA
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- p62, sequestosome 1
- sXBP1, spliced XBP1
- shRNAs, short hairpin RNAs
- uXBP1, unspliced XBP1
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingfa Bu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinren Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wantong Su
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhexiong Lian
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Shrimp Antimicrobial Peptides: A Multitude of Possibilities. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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Chen YH, He JG. Effects of environmental stress on shrimp innate immunity and white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:744-755. [PMID: 30393174 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The shrimp aquaculture industry is plagued by disease. Due to the lack of deep understanding of the relationship between innate immune mechanism and environmental adaptation mechanism, it is difficult to prevent and control the diseases of shrimp. The shrimp innate immune system has received much recent attention, and the functions of the humoral immune response and the cellular immune response have been preliminarily characterized. The role of environmental stress in shrimp disease has also been investigated recently, attempting to clarify the interactions among the innate immune response, the environmental stress response, and disease. Both the innate immune response and the environmental stress response have a complex relationship with shrimp diseases. Although these systems are important safeguards, allowing shrimp to adapt to adverse environments and resist infection, some pathogens, such as white spot syndrome virus, hijack these host systems. As shrimp lack an adaptive immune system, immunization therapy cannot be used to prevent and control shrimp disease. However, shrimp diseases can be controlled using ecological techniques. These techniques, which are based on the innate immune response and the environmental stress response, significantly reduce the impact of shrimp diseases. The object of this review is to summarize the recent research on shrimp environmental adaptation mechanisms, innate immune response mechanisms, and the relationship between these systems. We also suggest some directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering in Guangdong Province/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering in Guangdong Province/School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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Duan Q, Chen C, Yang L, Li N, Gong W, Li S, Wang DW. MicroRNA regulation of unfolded protein response transcription factor XBP1 in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in vivo. J Transl Med 2015; 13:363. [PMID: 26572862 PMCID: PMC4647486 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background XBP1 is a key transcription factor of the unfolded protein response in mammalian cells, which is involved in several cardiovascular pathological progression including cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction, but its expression trend, function and upstream regulate mechanism in the development of heart failure are unclear.
In the present study, therefore, the potential role of miRNAs in the regulation of XBP1 expression in heart failure was examined. Methods and results First, western blots showed that cardiac expression of ER stress marker XBP1 were induced in the early adaptive phase, but decreased in the maladaptive phase in hypertrophic and failing heart, while there was no obvious change of upstream ATF6 and IRE1 activity in this progression. Interestingly, we further found that XBP1 and its downstream target VEGF were attenuated by miR-30* and miR-214 in cardiomyocyte. Moreover, we found that miR-30* was significantly reduced in the early phase of cardiac hypertrophic animal model and in human failing hearts, while both miR-214 and miR-30* were increased in the maladaptive diseased heart, thereby contribute to impairment of cardiac XBP1 and VEGF expression. Conclusions These results provide the first clear link between miRNAs and direct regulation of XBP1 in heart failure and reveal that miR-214 and miR-30* synergistically regulates cardiac VEGF expression and angiogenesis by targeting XBP1 in the progression from adaptive hypertrophy to heart failure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0725-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlu Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, 430030, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Kim HS, Jung G. Reactive oxygen species increase HEPN1 expression via activation of the XBP1 transcription factor. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4413-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cho HK, Kim SY, Seong JK, Cheong J. Hepatitis B virus X increases immune cell recruitment by induction of chemokine SDF-1. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:733-9. [PMID: 24462680 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein is a major factor in the HBV-induced disease developments. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 is a small cytokine that is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes. We explored the role of HBx on recruitment of HBV-induced virus-nonspecific immune cells into liver. Immune cell recruitment and SDF-1 expression level significantly increased in livers of HBx-transgenic mice and X-box binding protein-1 significantly increased SDF-1 gene expression. Finally, we confirmed that immune cell recruitment into liver tissues of HBx-TG mice was diminished by a chemokine receptor antagonist. Therefore, HBx increases ER stress-dependent SDF-1 expression and induces HBV-induced immune cell recruitment into liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kook Cho
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, and Program for Cancer Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHun Cheong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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Balakrishnan B, Sen D, Hareendran S, Roshini V, David S, Srivastava A, Jayandharan GR. Activation of the cellular unfolded protein response by recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53845. [PMID: 23320106 PMCID: PMC3540029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a stress-induced cyto-protective mechanism elicited towards an influx of large amount of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the present study, we evaluated if AAV manipulates the UPR pathways during its infection. We first examined the role of the three major UPR axes, namely, endoribonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1α), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) in AAV infected cells. Total RNA from mock or AAV infected HeLa cells were used to determine the levels of 8 different ER-stress responsive transcripts from these pathways. We observed a significant up-regulation of IRE1α (up to 11 fold) and PERK (up to 8 fold) genes 12–48 hours after infection with self-complementary (sc)AAV2 but less prominent with single-stranded (ss)AAV2 vectors. Further studies demonstrated that scAAV1 and scAAV6 also induce cellular UPR in vitro, with AAV1 vectors activating the PERK pathway (3 fold) while AAV6 vectors induced a significant increase on all the three major UPR pathways [6–16 fold]. These data suggest that the type and strength of UPR activation is dependent on the viral capsid. We then examined if transient inhibition of UPR pathways by RNA interference has an effect on AAV transduction. siRNA mediated silencing of PERK and IRE1α had a modest effect on AAV2 and AAV6 mediated gene expression (∼1.5–2 fold) in vitro. Furthermore, hepatic gene transfer of scAAV2 vectors in vivo, strongly elevated IRE1α and PERK pathways (2 and 3.5 fold, respectively). However, when animals were pre-treated with a pharmacological UPR inhibitor (metformin) during scAAV2 gene transfer, the UPR signalling and its subsequent inflammatory response was attenuated concomitant to a modest 2.8 fold increase in transgene expression. Collectively, these data suggest that AAV vectors activate the cellular UPR pathways and their selective inhibition may be beneficial during AAV mediated gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Balakrishnan
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangeetha Hareendran
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaani Roshini
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sachin David
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alok Srivastava
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Giridhara R. Jayandharan
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- * E-mail:
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Toll-like receptor signalling in liver disease: ER stress the missing link? Cytokine 2012; 59:195-202. [PMID: 22579700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors induce a complex inflammatory response that can function to alert the body to infection, neutralize pathogens and repair damaged tissues. Toll-like receptors are expressed on kupffer, endothelial, dendritic, biliary epithelial, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatocytes in the liver. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a central organelle of eukaryotic cells that exists as a place of lipid synthesis, protein folding and protein maturation. The ER is a major signal transduction organelle that senses and responds to changes in homeostasis. Conditions interfering with the function of the ER are collectively known as ER stress and can be induced by accumulation of unfolded protein aggregates or by excessive protein traffic as can occur during viral infection. The ability of ER stress to induce an inflammatory response is considered to play a role in disease pathogenesis. Importantly, ER stress is viewed as a contributor to the pathogenesis of liver diseases with evidence linking components of ER homeostasis as requirements for optimal Toll-like receptor function. In this context this review discusses the association of Toll-like receptors with ER stress. This is an emerging paradigm in the understanding of Toll-like receptor signalling which may have an underlying role in the pathogenesis of liver disease.
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Abstract
Recent scientific advances have contributed much to the dissection of the complex molecular and cellular pathways involved in the connection between cancer and inflammation. The evidence for this connection in humans is based on the association between infection or chronic sterile inflammation and cancer. The decreased incidence of tumors in individuals who have used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is supportive of a role for inflammation in cancer susceptibility. The increased incidence of tumors in overweight patients points to a role for adipose tissue inflammation and energy metabolism in cancer. Energy metabolism, obesity, and genetic instability are regulated in part by the relationship of the organism with commensal bacteria that affect inflammation with both local and systemic effects. Different aspects of inflammation appear to regulate all phases of malignant disease, including susceptibility, initiation, progression, dissemination, morbidity, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, USA.
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Verfaillie T, Garg AD, Agostinis P. Targeting ER stress induced apoptosis and inflammation in cancer. Cancer Lett 2010; 332:249-64. [PMID: 20732741 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance in the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), caused by a variety of endogenous and exogenous insults, prompts a cellular stress condition known as ER stress. ER stress is initially shaped to re-establish ER homeostasis through the activation of an integrated intracellular signal transduction pathway termed as unfolded protein response (UPR). However, when ER stress is too severe or prolonged, the pro-survival function of the UPR turns into a toxic signal, which is predominantly executed by mitochondrial apoptosis. Moreover, accumulating evidence implicates ER stress pathways in the activation of various 'classical' inflammatory processes in and around the tumour microenvironment. In fact, ER stress pathways evoked by certain conventional or experimental anticancer modalities have been found to promote anti-tumour immunity by enhancing immunogenicity of dying cancer cells. Thus, the ER functions as an essential sensing organelle capable of coordinating stress pathways crucially involved in maintaining the cross-talk between the cancer cell's intracellular and extracellular environment. In this review we discuss the emerging link between ER stress, cell fate decisions and immunomodulation and the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting this multifaceted signaling pathway in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Verfaillie
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
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