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Labovsky V, Martinez LM, Calcagno MDL, Davies KM, García-Rivello H, Wernicke A, Feldman L, Giorello MB, Matas A, Borzone FR, Howard SC, Chasseing NA. Interleukin-6 receptor in spindle-shaped stromal cells, a prognostic determinant of early breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13377-13384. [PMID: 27460086 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle-shaped stromal cells, like carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, influence tumor behavior and can serve as parameters in the clinical diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of early breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the clinicopathological significance of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL) receptors (Rs) 2 and 4 (TRAIL-R2 and R4), and interleukin-6 R (IL-6R) in spindle-shaped stromal cells, not associated with the vasculature, as prognostic determinants of early breast cancer patients. Receptors are able to trigger the migratory activity, among other functions, of these stromal cells. We conducted immunohistochemical analysis for the expression of these receptors in spindle-shaped stromal cells, not associated with the vasculature, of primary tumors from early invasive breast cancer patients, and analyzed their association with clinicopathological characteristics. Here, we demonstrate that the elevated levels of TRAIL-R2, TRAIL-R4, and IL-6R in these stromal cells were significantly associated with a higher risk of metastatic occurrence (p = 0.034, 0.026, and 0.006; respectively). Moreover, high expression of TRAIL-R4 was associated with shorter disease-free survival and metastasis-free survival (p = 0.013 and 0.019; respectively). Also, high expression of IL-6R was associated with shorter disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival, and overall survival (p = 0.003, 0.001, and 0.003; respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that IL-6R expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival and metastasis-free survival (p = 0.035). This study is the first to demonstrate that high levels of IL-6R expression in spindle-shaped stromal cells, not associated with the vasculature, could be used to identify early breast cancer patients with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Labovsky
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Marcelo Martinez
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María de Luján Calcagno
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, CP 1113, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kevin Mauro Davies
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano, Juan Domingo Perón 4190, CP 1181, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán García-Rivello
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano, Juan Domingo Perón 4190, CP 1181, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Wernicke
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano, Juan Domingo Perón 4190, CP 1181, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Feldman
- Departamento de Trasplante de Medula Ósea, Fundación Favaloro, Solís 443, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Giorello
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Matas
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Raúl Borzone
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Scott C Howard
- University of Memphis, 3720 Alumni Ave, 38152, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Norma Alejandra Chasseing
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Pessina A, Leonetti C, Artuso S, Benetti A, Dessy E, Pascucci L, Passeri D, Orlandi A, Berenzi A, Bonomi A, Coccè V, Ceserani V, Ferri A, Dossena M, Mazzuca P, Ciusani E, Ceccarelli P, Caruso A, Portolani N, Sisto F, Parati E, Alessandri G. Drug-releasing mesenchymal cells strongly suppress B16 lung metastasis in a syngeneic murine model. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:82. [PMID: 26264809 PMCID: PMC4534150 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered an important therapeutic tool in cancer therapy. They possess intrinsic therapeutic potential and can also be in vitro manipulated and engineered to produce therapeutic molecules that can be delivered to the site of diseases, through their capacity to home pathological tissues. We have recently demonstrated that MSCs, upon in vitro priming with anti-cancer drug, become drug-releasing mesenchymal cells (Dr-MCs) able to strongly inhibit cancer cells growth. METHODS Murine mesenchymal stromal cells were loaded with Paclitaxel (Dr-MCsPTX) according to a standardized procedure and their ability to inhibit the growth of a murine B16 melanoma was verified by in vitro assays. The anti-metastatic activity of Dr-MCsPTX was then studied in mice injected i.v. with B16 melanoma cells that produced lung metastatic nodules. Lung nodules were counted under a dissecting stereomicroscope and metastasis investigated by histological analysis. RESULTS We found that three i.v. injections of Dr-MCsPTX on day 5, 10 and 15 after tumor injection almost completely abolished B16 lung metastasis. Dr-MCsPTX arrested into lung by interacting with endothelium and migrate toward cancer nodule through a complex mechanism involving primarily mouse lung stromal cells (mL-StCs) and SDF-1/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis. CONCLUSIONS Our results show for the first time that Dr-MCsPTX are very effective to inhibit lung metastasis formation. Actually, a cure for lung metastasis in humans is mostly unlikely and we do not know whether a therapy combining engineered MSCs and Dr-MCs may work synergistically. However, we think that our approach using Dr-MCs loaded with PTX may represent a new valid and additive therapeutic tool to fight lung metastases and, perhaps, primary lung cancers in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Pessina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Carlo Leonetti
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Artuso
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Benetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Dessy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Passeri
- Department of Biopathology and Image Diagnostics, Anatomic Pathology Institute, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Biopathology and Image Diagnostics, Anatomic Pathology Institute, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Angiola Berenzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Bonomi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Valentina Coccè
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Valentina Ceserani
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ferri
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Dossena
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Mazzuca
- Department of Microbiology, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emilio Ciusani
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and Neurogenetic Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Ceccarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Department of Microbiology, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nazario Portolani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Sisto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Eugenio Parati
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Alessandri
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
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Bosco DB, Kenworthy R, Zorio DAR, Sang QXA. Human mesenchymal stem cells are resistant to Paclitaxel by adopting a non-proliferative fibroblastic state. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128511. [PMID: 26029917 PMCID: PMC4452335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) resistance to the apoptotic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs has been of major interest, as these cells can confer this resistance to tumor microenvironments. However, the effects of internalized chemotherapeutics upon hMSCs remain largely unexplored. In this study, cellular viability and proliferation assays, combined with different biochemical approaches, were used to investigate the effects of Paclitaxel exposure upon hMSCs. Our results indicate that hMSCs are highly resistant to the cytotoxic effects of Paclitaxel treatment, even though there was no detectable expression of the efflux pump P-glycoprotein, the usual means by which a cell resists Paclitaxel treatment. Moreover, Paclitaxel treatment induces hMSCs to adopt a non-proliferative fibroblastic state, as evidenced by changes to morphology, cellular markers, and a reduction in differentiation potential that is not directly coupled to the cytoskeletal effects of Paclitaxel. Taken together, our results show that Paclitaxel treatment does not induce apoptosis in hMSCs, but does induce quiescence and phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale B. Bosco
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rachael Kenworthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Diego A. R. Zorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DARZ); (QXAS)
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DARZ); (QXAS)
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Barcellos-de-Souza P, Gori V, Bambi F, Chiarugi P. Tumor microenvironment: bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells as key players. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:321-35. [PMID: 24183942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor progression is a multistep phenomenon in which tumor-associated stromal cells perform an intricate cross-talk with tumor cells, supplying appropriate signals that may promote tumor aggressiveness. Among several cell types that constitute the tumor stroma, the discovery that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) have a strong tropism for tumors has achieved notoriety in recent years. Not only are the BM-MSC recruited, but they can also engraft at tumor sites and transdifferentiate into cells such as activated fibroblasts, perivascular cells and macrophages, which will perform a key role in tumor progression. Whether the BM-MSC and their derived cells promote or suppress the tumor progression is a controversial issue. Recently, it has been proposed that proinflammatory stimuli can be decisive in driving BM-MSC polarization into cells with either tumor-supportive or tumor-repressive phenotypes (MSC1/MSC2). These considerations are extremely important both to an understanding of tumor biology and to the putative use of BM-MSC as "magic bullets" against tumors. In this review, we discuss the role of BM-MSC in many steps in tumor progression, focusing on the factors that attract BM-MSC to tumors, BM-MSC differentiation ability, the role of BM-MSC in tumor support or inhibition, the immunomodulation promoted by BM-MSC and metastatic niche formation by these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barcellos-de-Souza
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Tuscany Tumor Institute and Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DenoTHE, Florence, Italy; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Hurst DR, Welch DR. Metastasis suppressor genes at the interface between the environment and tumor cell growth. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 286:107-80. [PMID: 21199781 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385859-7.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms and genetic programs required for cancer metastasis are sometimes overlapping, but components are clearly distinct from those promoting growth of a primary tumor. Every sequential, rate-limiting step in the sequence of events leading to metastasis requires coordinated expression of multiple genes, necessary signaling events, and favorable environmental conditions or the ability to escape negative selection pressures. Metastasis suppressors are molecules that inhibit the process of metastasis without preventing growth of the primary tumor. The cellular processes regulated by metastasis suppressors are diverse and function at every step in the metastatic cascade. As we gain knowledge into the molecular mechanisms of metastasis suppressors and cofactors with which they interact, we learn more about the process, including appreciation that some are potential targets for therapy of metastasis, the most lethal aspect of cancer. Until now, metastasis suppressors have been described largely by their function. With greater appreciation of their biochemical mechanisms of action, the importance of context is increasingly recognized especially since tumor cells exist in myriad microenvironments. In this chapter, we assemble the evidence that selected molecules are indeed suppressors of metastasis, collate the data defining the biochemical mechanisms of action, and glean insights regarding how metastasis suppressors regulate tumor cell communication to-from microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Hurst
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Shinagawa K, Kitadai Y, Tanaka M, Sumida T, Kodama M, Higashi Y, Tanaka S, Yasui W, Chayama K. Mesenchymal stem cells enhance growth and metastasis of colon cancer. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2323-33. [PMID: 20473928 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were reported to migrate to tumor stroma as well as injured tissue. We examined the role of human MSCs in tumor stroma using an orthotopic nude mice model of KM12SM colon cancer. In in vivo experiments, systemically injected MSCs migrated to the stroma of orthotopic colon tumors and metastatic liver tumors. Orthotopic transplantation of KM12SM cells mixed with MSCs resulted in greater tumor weight than did transplantation of KM12SM cells alone. The survival rate was significantly lower in the mixed-cell group, and liver metastasis was seen only in this group. Moreover, tumors resulting from transplantation of mixed cells had a significantly higher proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index, significantly greater microvessel area and significantly lower apoptotic index. Splenic injection of KM12SM cells mixed with MSCs, in comparison to splenic injection of KM12SM cells alone, resulted in a significantly greater number of liver metastases. MSCs incorporated into the stroma of primary and metastatic tumors expressed α-smooth muscle actin and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β as carcinoma-associated fibroblast (CAF) markers. In in vitro experiments, KM12SM cells recruited MSCs, and MSCs stimulated migration and invasion of tumor cells through the release of soluble factors. Collectively, MSCs migrate and differentiate into CAFs in tumor stroma, and they promote growth and metastasis of colon cancer by enhancing angiogenesis, migration and invasion and by inhibiting apoptosis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shinagawa
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Sun B, Roh KH, Park JR, Lee SR, Park SB, Jung JW, Kang SK, Lee YS, Kang KS. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in a mouse breast cancer metastasis model. Cytotherapy 2009; 11:289-98, 1 p following 298. [PMID: 19308770 DOI: 10.1080/14653240902807026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been studied intensively in regenerative medicine. However, their therapeutic potential against tumor formation and cancer metastasis is still unclear. The effects of transplantation of MSCs in early-stage of carcinogenesis, should be evaluated. METHODS MSC isolated from human umbilical cord blood (UCB) and adipose tissue (AD) were transplanted in a mouse cancer metastasis model. The effects of MSC on tumor growth and metastasis were analyzed. The effects of transplantation of MSC into the mouse model at very early stage carcinogenesis were also evaluated. RESULTS Human MSC reduced lung metastasis and inhibited the growth of human breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. In addition, transplantation of both UCB and AD MSC into a cancer model with no detectable clinical symptoms did not appear to promote tumor growth or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS We evaluated the effect of MSC derived from human UCB and AD tissue in a tumor model. Our findings may help to elucidate the interaction between cancer cells and MSC, as well as the application of MSC to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Zoonotic Disease Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kode JA, Mukherjee S, Joglekar MV, Hardikar AA. Mesenchymal stem cells: immunobiology and role in immunomodulation and tissue regeneration. Cytotherapy 2009; 11:377-91. [PMID: 19568970 DOI: 10.1080/14653240903080367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells that differentiate into osteoblasts, myocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes as well as insulin-producing cells. The mechanism underlying their in vivo differentiation is not clear and is thought to be caused by spontaneous cell fusion or factors present in the microenvironment. However, their ease of isolation, high 'ex-vivo' expansion potential and ability to differentiate into multiple lineages make them attractive tools for potential use in cell therapy. MSC have been isolated from several tissues, including bone/bone marrow, fat, Wharton's jelly, umbilical cord blood, placenta and pancreas. The 'immunosuppressive' property of human MSC makes them an important candidate for cellular therapy in allogeneic settings. Use of allogeneic MSC for repair of large defects may be an alternative to autologous and allogeneic tissue-grafting procedures. An allogeneic approach would enable MSC to be isolated from any donor, expanded and cryopreserved, providing a readily available source of progenitors for cell replacement therapy. Their immunomodulatory properties have raised the possibility of establishing allogeneic MSC banks for tissue regeneration. These facts are strongly reflected in the current exponential growth in stem cell research in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology communities. Current knowledge regarding the immunobiology and clinical application of MSC needs to be strengthened further to establish MSC as a safe and effective therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine. This paper discusses human MSC with particular reference to the expression of their surface markers, their role as immunomodulators and their multilineage differentiation potential and possible use in tissue regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti A Kode
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
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