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Somredngan S, Theerakittayakorn K, Nguyen HT, Ngernsoungnern A, Ngernsoungnern P, Sritangos P, Ketudat-Cairns M, Imsoonthornruksa S, Keeratibharat N, Wongsan R, Rungsiwiwut R, Parnpai R. The Efficiency of Neurospheres Derived from Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043846. [PMID: 36835256 PMCID: PMC9964265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes inflammation and neuronal degeneration, resulting in functional movement loss. Since the availability of SCI treatments is still limited, stem cell therapy is an alternative clinical treatment for SCI and neurodegenerative disorders. Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) are an excellent option for cell therapy. This study aimed to induce hWJ-MSCs into neural stem/progenitor cells in sphere formation (neurospheres) by using neurogenesis-enhancing small molecules (P7C3 and Isx9) and transplant to recover an SCI in a rat model. Inducted neurospheres were characterized by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and gene expression analysis. The best condition group was selected for transplantation. The results showed that the neurospheres induced by 10 µM Isx9 for 7 days produced neural stem/progenitor cell markers such as Nestin and β-tubulin 3 through the Wnt3A signaling pathway regulation markers (β-catenin and NeuroD1 gene expression). The neurospheres from the 7-day Isx9 group were selected to be transplanted into 9-day-old SCI rats. Eight weeks after transplantation, rats transplanted with the neurospheres could move normally, as shown by behavioral tests. MSCs and neurosphere cells were detected in the injured spinal cord tissue and produced neurotransmitter activity. Neurosphere-transplanted rats showed the lowest cavity size of the SCI tissue resulting from the injury recovery mechanism. In conclusion, hWJ-MSCs could differentiate into neurospheres using 10 µM Isx9 media through the Wnt3A signaling pathway. The locomotion and tissue recovery of the SCI rats with neurosphere transplantation were better than those without transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirilak Somredngan
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kasem Theerakittayakorn
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Hong Thi Nguyen
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Laboratory of Embryo Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Apichart Ngernsoungnern
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Piyada Ngernsoungnern
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pishyaporn Sritangos
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sumeth Imsoonthornruksa
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nattawut Keeratibharat
- School of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Rangsirat Wongsan
- The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-442-242-34
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2
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Liu W, Xu B, Zhao S, Han S, Quan R, Liu W, Ji C, Chen B, Xiao Z, Yin M, Yin Y, Dai J, Zhao Y. Spinal cord tissue engineering via covalent interaction between biomaterials and cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8829. [PMID: 36753555 PMCID: PMC9908024 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions between cells and environmental cues have been recognized as fundamental physiological interactions that regulate cell behavior. However, the effects of the covalent interactions between cells and biomaterials on cell behavior have not been examined. Here, we demonstrate a combined strategy based on covalent conjugation between biomaterials (collagen fibers/lipid nanoparticles) and various cells (exogenous neural progenitor cells/astrocytes/endogenous tissue-resident cells) to promote neural regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). We found that metabolic azido-labeled human neural progenitor cells conjugated on dibenzocyclooctyne-modified collagen fibers significantly promoted cell adhesion, spreading, and differentiation compared with noncovalent adhesion. In addition, dibenzocyclooctyne-modified lipid nanoparticles containing edaravone, a well-known ROS scavenger, could target azide-labeled spinal cord tissues or transplanted azide-modified astrocytes to improve the SCI microenvironment. The combined application of these covalent conjugation strategies in a rat SCI model boosted neural regeneration, suggesting that the covalent interactions between cells and biomaterials have great potential for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Shuaijing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rui Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Chunnan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Man Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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3
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Montalbano G, Bertolucci C, Lucon-Xiccato T. Cognitive Phenotypic Plasticity: Environmental Enrichment Affects Learning but Not Executive Functions in a Teleost Fish, Poecilia reticulata. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:64. [PMID: 35053062 PMCID: PMC8772815 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of animal cognition are plastically adjusted in response to the environment through individual experience. A remarkable example of this cognitive phenotypic plasticity is often observed when comparing individuals raised in a barren environment to individuals raised in an enriched environment. Evidence of enrichment-driven cognitive plasticity in teleost fish continues to grow, but it remains restricted to a few cognitive traits. The purpose of this study was to investigate how environmental enrichment affects multiple cognitive traits (learning, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control) in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. To reach this goal, we exposed new-born guppies to different treatments: an enrichment environment with social companions, natural substrate, vegetation, and live prey or a barren environment with none of the above. After a month of treatment, we tested the subjects in a battery of three cognitive tasks. Guppies from the enriched environment learned a color discrimination faster compared to guppies from the environment with no enrichments. We observed no difference between guppies of the two treatments in the cognitive flexibility task, requiring selection of a previously unrewarded stimulus, nor in the inhibitory control task, requiring the inhibition of the attack response toward live prey. Overall, the results indicated that environmental enrichment had an influence on guppies' learning ability, but not on the remaining cognitive functions investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Montalbano
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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Chen L, Song D, Chen B, Yang X, Cheng O. Activation of liver X receptor promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and improves long-term cognitive function recovery in acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice. J Neurochem 2019; 154:205-217. [PMID: 31602646 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia (CI) leads to cognitive dysfunction due to the loss of hippocampal neurons. Liver X receptors (LXRs), including the LXRα and LXRβ isoforms, are critical for neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, neurodegeneration, and cholesterol metabolism. However, the potential role of LXRs in the pathogenesis of CI-induced cognitive impairment is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of LXR activation on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in mice with CI. C57 mice were randomized into four groups that included a sham group and three treatment groups with CI [Vehicle, TO901317 (TO90, an agonist of LXRs) and GSK2033 (an antagonist of LXRs)]. Mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 20 min to induce transient CI. The Morris water maze test was executed to detect spatial learning and memory. Proliferation, differentiation, and immature neurons in the subgranular zone (SGZ) were examined using Immunofluorescence. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-associated protein. TO90 significantly improved spatial learning and memory deficits induced by CI on 28 days. It enhanced the proliferation of neural stem cells, the number of immature neurons and the differentiation from nascent cells to neurons. The expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-associated protein level was totally increased. The forenamed effects of TO90 were decreased in GSK2033 group. Thus, our findings suggest that LXRs activation can improve long-term cognitive dysfunction caused by CI by increasing neurogenesis, and LXRs may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14753.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Expression and Manipulation of the APC-β-Catenin Pathway During Peripheral Neuron Regeneration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13197. [PMID: 30181617 PMCID: PMC6123411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecules and pathways that suppress growth are expressed in postmitotic neurons, a potential advantage in mature neural networks, but a liability during regeneration. In this work, we probed the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli)-β-catenin partner pathway in adult peripheral sensory neurons during regeneration. APC had robust expression in the cytoplasm and perinuclear region of adult DRG sensory neurons both before and after axotomy injury. β-catenin was expressed in neuronal nuclei, neuronal cytoplasm and also in perineuronal satellite cells. In injured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons and their axons, we observed paradoxical APC upregulation, despite its role as an inhibitor of growth whereas β-catenin was downregulated. Inhibition of APC in adult sensory neurons and activation of β-catenin, LEF/TCF transcriptional factors were associated with increased neuronal plasticity in vitro. Local knockdown of APC, at the site of sciatic nerve crush injury enhanced evidence for electrophysiological, behavioural and structural regeneration in vivo. This was accompanied by upregulation of β-catenin. Collectively, the APC-β-catenin-LEF/TCF transcriptional pathway impacts intrinsic mechanisms of axonal regeneration and neuronal plasticity after injury, offering new options for addressing axon regeneration.
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6
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Huang SY, Tsou CC, Ho PS, Lin CL. Lack of association between NeuroD1/D6 gene polymorphism and heroin dependence in Han-chinese male population. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci_86_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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7
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Halder D, Lee CH, Hyun JY, Chang GE, Cheong E, Shin I. Suppression of Sin3A activity promotes differentiation of pluripotent cells into functional neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44818. [PMID: 28303954 PMCID: PMC5356016 DOI: 10.1038/srep44818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sin3 is a transcriptional corepressor for REST silencing machinery that represses multiple neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells. However, functions of Sin3 (Sin3A and Sin3B) in suppression of neuronal phenotypes are not well characterized. Herein we show that Sin3A knockdown impedes the repressive activity of REST and enhances differentiation of pluripotent P19 cells into electrophysiologically active neurons without inducing astrogenesis. It is also found that silencing Sin3B induces neurogenesis of P19 cells with a lower efficiency than Sin3A knockdown. The results suggest that Sin3A has a more profound effect on REST repressive machinery for silencing neuronal genes in P19 cells than Sin3B. Furthermore, we show that a peptide inhibitor of Sin3A-REST interactions promotes differentiation of P19 cells into functional neurons. Observations made in studies using genetic deletion and a synthetic inhibitor suggests that Sin3A plays an important role in the repression of neuronal genes by the REST regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Halder
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Eon Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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8
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Breitfeld J, Scholl C, Steffens M, Brandenburg K, Probst-Schendzielorz K, Efimkina O, Gurwitz D, Ising M, Holsboer F, Lucae S, Stingl JC. Proliferation rates and gene expression profiles in human lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with depression characterized in response to antidepressant drug therapy. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e950. [PMID: 27845776 PMCID: PMC5314111 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The current therapy success of depressive disorders remains in need of improvement due to low response rates and a delay in symptomatic improvement. Reliable functional biomarkers would be necessary to predict the individual treatment outcome. On the basis of the neurotrophic hypothesis of antidepressant's action, effects of antidepressant drugs on proliferation may serve as tentative individual markers for treatment efficacy. We studied individual differences in antidepressant drug effects on cell proliferation and gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from patients treated for depression with documented clinical treatment outcome. Cell proliferation was characterized by EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) incorporation assays following a 3-week incubation with therapeutic concentrations of fluoxetine. Genome-wide expression profiling was conducted by microarrays, and candidate genes such as betacellulin-a gene involved in neuronal stem cell regeneration-were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Ex vivo assessment of proliferation revealed large differences in fluoxetine-induced proliferation inhibition between donor LCLs, but no association with clinical response was observed. Genome-wide expression analyses followed by pathway and gene ontology analyses identified genes with different expression before vs after 21-day incubation with fluoxetine. Significant correlations between proliferation and gene expression of WNT2B, FZD7, TCF7L2, SULT4A1 and ABCB1 (all involved in neurogenesis or brain protection) were also found. Basal gene expression of SULT4A1 (P=0.029), and gene expression fold changes of WNT2B by ex vivo fluoxetine (P=0.025) correlated with clinical response and clinical remission, respectively. Thus, we identified potential gene expression biomarkers eventually being useful as baseline predictors or as longitudinal targets in antidepressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Breitfeld
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - C Scholl
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - M Steffens
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - K Brandenburg
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - K Probst-Schendzielorz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - O Efimkina
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - D Gurwitz
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - F Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany,HMNC Holding GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - S Lucae
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - J C Stingl
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany,Center for Translational Medicine, Bonn University Medical School, Bonn, Germany,Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany. E-mail:
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9
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Halder D, Chang GE, De D, Cheong E, Kim KK, Shin I. Combining Suppression of Stemness with Lineage-Specific Induction Leads to Conversion of Pluripotent Cells into Functional Neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 22:1512-1520. [PMID: 26590637 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sox2 is a key player in the maintenance of pluripotency and stemness, and thus inhibition of its function would abrogate the stemness of pluripotent cells and induce differentiation into several types of cells. Herein we describe a strategy that relies on a combination of Sox2 inhibition with lineage-specific induction to promote efficient and selective differentiation of pluripotent P19 cells into neurons. When P19 cells transduced with Skp protein, an inhibitor of Sox2, are incubated with a neurogenesis inducer, the cells are selectively converted into neurons that generate depolarization-induced sodium currents and action potentials. This finding indicates that the differentiated neurons are electrophysiologically active. Signaling pathway studies lead us to conclude that a combination of Skp with the neurogenesis inducer enhances neurogenesis in P19 cells by activating Wnt and Notch pathways. The present differentiation protocol could be valuable to selectively generate functionally active neurons from pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Halder
- Department of Chemistry, National Creative Research Initiative Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Eon Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Debojyoti De
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, National Creative Research Initiative Center for Biofunctional Molecules, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
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Liberini CG, Borner T, Boyle CN, Lutz TA. The satiating hormone amylin enhances neurogenesis in the area postrema of adult rats. Mol Metab 2016; 5:834-843. [PMID: 27688997 PMCID: PMC5034493 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone and subventricular zone is generally accepted, but its existence in other brain areas is still controversial. Circumventricular organs, such as the area postrema (AP) have recently been described as potential neurogenic niches in the adult brain. The AP is the major site of action of the satiating hormone amylin. Amylin has been shown to promote the formation of neuronal projections originating from the AP in neonatal rodents but the role of amylin in adult neurogenesis remains unknown. METHODS To test this, we first performed an RNA-sequencing of the AP of adult rats acutely injected with either amylin (20 μg/kg), amylin plus the amylin receptor antagonist AC187 (500 μg/kg) or vehicle. Second, animals were subcutaneously equipped with minipumps releasing either amylin (50 μg/kg/day) or vehicle for 3 weeks to assess cell proliferation and differentiation with the 5'-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) technique. RESULTS Acute amylin injections affected genes involved in pathways and processes that control adult neurogenesis. Amylin consistently upregulated NeuroD1 transcript and protein in the adult AP, and this effect was blocked by the co-administration of AC187. Further, chronic amylin treatment increased the number of newly proliferated AP-cells and significantly promoted their differentiation into neurons rather than astrocytes. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed a novel role of the satiating hormone amylin in promoting neurogenesis in the AP of adult rats.
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Key Words
- AP, area postrema
- Adult neurogenesis
- Amylin
- Area postrema
- BrdU
- BrdU, 5′-bromo-2-deoxyuridine
- CR, calretinin
- CTR, calcitonin receptor
- CVO, circumventricular organs
- Circumventricular organs
- ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2
- EphRs, ephrin receptors
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GO, gene ontology
- ME, median eminence
- NGS, next generation sequencing
- NSC, neural stem cells
- NeuroD, neuronal differentiation
- NeuroD1, neuronal differentiation-1
- RAMP, receptor activity-modifying protein
- Wnt, Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family
- bHLH, basic helix-loop-helix
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia G Liberini
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich (UZH), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Centre for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tito Borner
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich (UZH), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina N Boyle
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich (UZH), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich (UZH), 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Calpain-1 and Calpain-2: The Yin and Yang of Synaptic Plasticity and Neurodegeneration. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:235-245. [PMID: 26874794 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many signaling pathways participate in both synaptic plasticity and neuronal degeneration. While calpains participate in these phenomena, very few studies have evaluated the respective roles of the two major calpain isoforms in the brain, calpain-1 and calpain-2. We review recent studies indicating that calpain-1 and calpain-2 exhibit opposite functions in both synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration. Calpain-1 activation is required for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and is generally neuroprotective, while calpain-2 activation limits the extent of potentiation and is neurodegenerative. This duality of functions is related to their associations with different PDZ-binding proteins, resulting in differential subcellular localization, and offers new therapeutic opportunities for a number of indications in which these proteases have previously been implicated.
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12
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Comprehensive profiling reveals mechanisms of SOX2-mediated cell fate specification in human ESCs and NPCs. Cell Res 2016; 26:171-89. [PMID: 26809499 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a key regulator of multiple types of stem cells, especially embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Understanding the mechanism underlying the function of SOX2 is of great importance for realizing the full potential of ESCs and NPCs. Here, through genome-wide comparative studies, we show that SOX2 executes its distinct functions in human ESCs (hESCs) and hESC-derived NPCs (hNPCs) through cell type- and stage-dependent transcription programs. Importantly, SOX2 suppresses non-neural lineages in hESCs and regulates neurogenesis from hNPCs by inhibiting canonical Wnt signaling. In hESCs, SOX2 achieves such inhibition by direct transcriptional regulation of important Wnt signaling modulators, WLS and SFRP2. Moreover, SOX2 ensures pluripotent epigenetic landscapes via interacting with histone variant H2A.Z and recruiting polycomb repressor complex 2 to poise developmental genes in hESCs. Together, our results advance our understanding of the mechanism by which cell type-specific transcription factors control lineage-specific gene expression programs and specify cell fate.
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Sokolik C, Liu Y, Bauer D, McPherson J, Broeker M, Heimberg G, Qi LS, Sivak DA, Thomson M. Transcription factor competition allows embryonic stem cells to distinguish authentic signals from noise. Cell Syst 2015; 1:117-129. [PMID: 26405695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells occupy variable environments where they must distinguish stochastic fluctuations from developmental cues. Here, we use optogenetics to investigate how the pluripotency network in embryonic stem (ES) cells achieves a robust response to differentiation cues but not to gene expression fluctuations. We engineered ES cells in which we could quantitatively ontrol the endogenous mechanism of neural differentiation through a light-inducible Brn2 transgene and monitor differentiation status through a genome-integrated Nanog-GFP reporter. By exposing cells to pulses of Brn2, we find that the pluripotency network rejects Brn2 inputs that are below specific magnitude or duration thresholds, but allows rapid differentiation when both thresholds are satisfied. The filtering properties of the network arise through its positive feedback architecture and the intrinsic half-life of Nanog, which determines the duration threshold in the network. Together our results suggest that the dynamic properties of positive-feedback networks might determine how inputs are classified as signal or noise by stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Sokolik
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - David Bauer
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - Jade McPherson
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - Michael Broeker
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - Graham Heimberg
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - Lei S Qi
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - David A Sivak
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
| | - Matt Thomson
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, California, 94158. USA
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Fan HM, Sun XY, Guo W, Zhong AF, Niu W, Zhao L, Dai YH, Guo ZM, Zhang LY, Lu J. Differential expression of microRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as specific biomarker for major depressive disorder patients. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 59:45-52. [PMID: 25201637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently, diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) are based on the patients' description of symptoms, mental status examinations, and clinical behavioral observations, which increases the chance of misdiagnosis. There is a serious need to find a practical biomarker for the proper diagnosis of MDD. This study aimed to explore the possibility of microRNA (miRNA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as specific blood-based biomarker for MDD patients. By using an Affymetrix array that covers 723 human miRNAs, we identified 26 miRNAs with significant changes in expression in PBMCs of MDD patients. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis in a larger cohort of 81 MDD patients and 46 healthy controls confirmed that the expression levels of 5 miRNAs (miRNA-26b, miRNA-1972, miRNA-4485, miRNA-4498, and miRNA-4743) were up-regulated. By receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the combining area under the ROC curve (AUC) of these five miRNAs was 0.636 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58-0.90]. MiRNA target gene prediction and functional annotation analysis showed that there was a significant enrichment in several pathways associated with nervous system and brain functions, supporting the hypothesis that differentially-regulated miRNAs may be involved in mechanism underlying development of MDD. We conclude that altered expression of miRNAs in PMBCs might be involved in multiple stages of MDD pathogenesis, and thus might be able to serve as specific biomarker for diagnosis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-min Fan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-yang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, North Peace Road 55, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Administrative Affairs Office, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-fang Zhong
- Department of Laboratory, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, No.102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-hua Dai
- GoPath Diagnostic Laboratory Co. Ltd, No. 801, Changwuzhong Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-min Guo
- GoPath Diagnostic Laboratory Co. Ltd, No. 801, Changwuzhong Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China; GoPath Laboratories LLC, 1351 Barclay Blvd, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA
| | - Li-yi Zhang
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, North Peace Road 55, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jim Lu
- GoPath Diagnostic Laboratory Co. Ltd, No. 801, Changwuzhong Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China; GoPath Laboratories LLC, 1351 Barclay Blvd, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089, USA.
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Kim GH, Halder D, Park J, Namkung W, Shin I. Imidazole-Based Small Molecules that Promote Neurogenesis in Pluripotent Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kim GH, Halder D, Park J, Namkung W, Shin I. Imidazole-Based Small Molecules that Promote Neurogenesis in Pluripotent Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9271-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wnt Signaling in Neurogenesis during Aging and Physical Activity. Brain Sci 2012; 2:745-68. [PMID: 24961268 PMCID: PMC4061808 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci2040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, much progress has been made regarding our understanding of neurogenesis in both young and old animals and where it occurs throughout the lifespan, although the growth of new neurons declines with increasing age. In addition, physical activity can reverse this age-dependent decline in neurogenesis. Highly correlated with this decline is the degree of inter and intracellular Wnt signaling, the molecular mechanisms of which have only recently started to be elucidated. So far, most of what we know about intracellular signaling during/following exercise centers around the CREB/CRE initiated transcriptional events. Relatively little is known, however, about how aging and physical activity affect the Wnt signaling pathway. Herein, we briefly review the salient features of neurogenesis in young and then in old adult animals. Then, we discuss Wnt signaling and review the very few in vitro and in vivo studies that have examined the Wnt signaling pathways in aging and physical activity.
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He XB, Yi SH, Rhee YH, Kim H, Han YM, Lee SH, Lee H, Park CH, Lee YS, Richardson E, Kim BW, Lee SH. Prolonged membrane depolarization enhances midbrain dopamine neuron differentiation via epigenetic histone modifications. Stem Cells 2012; 29:1861-73. [PMID: 21922608 DOI: 10.1002/stem.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding midbrain dopamine (DA) neuron differentiation is of importance, because of physiological and clinical implications of this neuronal subtype. We show that prolonged membrane depolarization induced by KCl treatment promotes DA neuron differentiation from neural precursor cells (NPCs) derived from embryonic ventral midbrain (VM). Interestingly, the depolarization-induced increase of DA neuron yields was not abolished by L-type calcium channel blockers, along with no depolarization-mediated change of intracellular calcium level in the VM-derived NPCs (VM-NPCs), suggesting that the depolarization effect is due to a calcium-independent mechanism. Experiments with labeled DA neuron progenitors indicate that membrane depolarization acts at the differentiation fate determination stage and promotes the expression of DA phenotype genes (tyrosine hydroxylase [TH] and DA transporter [DAT]). Recruitment of Nurr1, a transcription factor crucial for midbrain DA neuron development, to the promoter of TH gene was enhanced by depolarization, along with increases of histone 3 acetylation (H3Ac) and trimethylation of histone3 on lysine 4 (H3K4m3), and decreases of H3K9m3 and H3K27m3 in the consensus Nurr1 binding regions of TH promoter. Depolarization stimuli on differentiating VM-NPCs also induced dissociation of methyl CpG binding protein 2 and related repressor complex molecules (repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor corepressor and histone deacetylase 1) from the CpG sites of TH and DAT promoters. Based on these findings, we suggest that membrane depolarization promotes DA neuron differentiation by opening chromatin structures surrounding DA phenotype genes and inhibiting the binding of corepressors, thus allowing transcriptional activators such as Nurr1 to access DA neuron differentiation gene promoter regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Biao He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Voleti B, Duman RS. The roles of neurotrophic factor and Wnt signaling in depression. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 91:333-8. [PMID: 22205198 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating disease with a lifetime prevalence of ~16% in the American population. In addition to the monoamine hypothesis, altered expressions of neurotrophic factors, growth factors, and Wnt signaling are implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. This review focuses on intracellular signaling cascades that underlie depression and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Voleti
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Slawny NA, O'Shea KS. Dynamic changes in Wnt signaling are required for neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2011; 48:205-16. [PMID: 21856426 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) and the epiblast share a similar gene expression profile and an attenuated cell cycle, making them an accessible and tractable model system to study lineage choice at gastrulation. Differentiation of the epiblast and ESC to the mesendodermal lineage has been shown to rely on Wnt/β-catenin signaling; which counterintuitively, is also required to inhibit differentiation and maintain pluripotency. To examine these seemingly contradictory roles, we developed a mouse ESC (ESC) line that inducibly expresses a dominant negative Tcf4 (dnTcf4) protein to block canonical Wnt signaling. Cells expressing the dnTcf4 protein differentiated largely to Sox3 positive neural precursors but were unable to progress to βIII tubulin positive neurons unless Wnt signaling was derepressed, demonstrating a sequential requirement for Wnt signaling in lineage differentiation. To determine if Wnt/β-catenin signaling is similarily required at sequential stages of neural differentiation in the intact embryo, we delivered shRNA targeting β-catenin to pregnant mice on E5.5 of development. Blocking canonical Wnt signaling during post-implantation development increased the number of neural precursors which failed to differentiate to mature neurons, and produced defects of embryonic axis elongation, neurulation and neural tube closure that phenocopy the β-catenin null embryo. These results demonstrate that lineage differentiation relies on sequential repression and derepression of critical signaling pathways involved in maintaining pluripotency versus differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Slawny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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Jukkola PI, Rogers JT, Kaspar BK, Weeber EJ, Nishijima I. Secretin deficiency causes impairment in survival of neural progenitor cells in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 20:1000-7. [PMID: 21159798 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis is the lifelong production of new neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), and affects many physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including neurobehavioral disorders. The early postnatal stage is the most prominent neurogenesis period; however, the functional role of neurogenesis in this developing stage has not been well characterized. To understand the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in the postnatal developing period, we analyzed secretin, a neuropeptide, which is expressed significantly higher in the development stage. Secretin is a pleiotropic neuropeptide hormone that belongs to the secretin/VIP/glucagon peptide family. Although secretin was originally isolated in the gastrointestinal system, it has been found that secretin itself acts as a neuropeptide in the CNS. Here, we report a new function of secretin as a survival factor for neural progenitor cells in the hippocampus. We found that secretin-deficient mice exhibit decreased numbers of BrdU-labeled new neurons and dramatically increased apoptosis of doublecortin-positive neural progenitor cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) during the early postnatal period. Furthermore, we found that reduced survival of neural progenitor cells leads to decreased volume of DG, reduced long-term potentiation and impaired spatial learning ability in adults. Our studies demonstrate that secretin has important implications for neurogenesis in postnatal development, and affects neurobehavioral function in the adult mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Jukkola
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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