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Park DG, Kang W, Shin IJ, Chalita M, Oh HS, Hyun DW, Kim H, Chun J, An YS, Lee EJ, Yoon JH. Difference in gut microbial dysbiotic patterns between body-first and brain-first Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 201:106655. [PMID: 39218360 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to identify distinct microbial and functional biomarkers characteristic of body-first or brain-first subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD). This could illuminate the unique pathogenic mechanisms within these subtypes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we classified 36 well-characterized PD patients into body-first, brain-first, or undetermined subtypes based on the presence of premotor REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and cardiac meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake. We then conducted an in-depth shotgun metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome for each subtype and compared the results with those from age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Significant differences were found in the gut microbiome of body-first PD patients (n = 15) compared to both brain-first PD patients (n = 9) and healthy controls. The gut microbiome in body-first PD showed a distinct profile, characterized by an increased presence of Escherichia coli and Akkermansia muciniphila, and a decreased abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing commensal bacteria. These shifts were accompanied by a higher abundance of microbial genes associated with curli protein biosynthesis and a lower abundance of genes involved in putrescine and spermidine biosynthesis. Furthermore, the combined use of premotor RBD and MIBG criteria was more strongly correlated with these microbiome differences than the use of each criterion independently. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the significant role of dysbiotic and pathogenic gut microbial alterations in body-first PD, supporting the body-first versus brain-first hypothesis. These insights not only reinforce the gut microbiome's potential as a therapeutic target in PD but also suggest the possibility of developing subtype-specific treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Gueu Park
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Woorim Kang
- CJ Bioscience Inc., Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ja Shin
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyun-Seok Oh
- CJ Bioscience Inc., Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyun Kim
- CJ Bioscience Inc., Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsik Chun
- CJ Bioscience Inc., Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sil An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Han Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Yang ZX, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang L, Liu YF, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Zhou C, Gao HW, Zhang NX, Feng LY. Addition of α-synuclein aggregates to the intestinal environment recapitulates Parkinsonian symptoms in model systems. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:36-51. [PMID: 37684382 PMCID: PMC10770087 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis plays a vital role in Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanisms of gut-brain transmission mainly focus on α-synuclein deposition, intestinal inflammation and microbiota function. A few studies have shown the trigger of PD pathology in the gut. α-Synuclein is highly conserved in food products, which was able to form β-folded aggregates and to infect the intestinal mucosa. In this study we investigated whether α-synuclein-preformed fibril (PFF) exposure could modulate the intestinal environment and induce rodent models replicating PD pathology. We first showed that PFF could be internalized into co-cultured Caco-2/HT29/Raji b cells in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PFF perfusion caused the intestinal inflammation and activation of enteric glial cells in an ex vivo intestinal organ culture and in an in vivo intestinal mouse coloclysis model. Moreover, we found that PFF exposure through regular coloclysis induced PD pathology in wild-type (WT) and A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice with various phenotypes. Particularly in A53T mice, PFF induced significant behavioral disorders, intestinal inflammation, α-synuclein deposition, microbiota dysbiosis, glial activation as well as degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. In WT mice, however, the PFF induced only mild behavioral abnormalities, intestinal inflammation, α-synuclein deposition, and glial activation, without significant changes in microbiota and dopaminergic neurons. Our results reveal the possibility of α-synuclein aggregates binding to the intestinal mucosa and modeling PD in mice. This study may shed light on the investigation and early intervention of the gut-origin hypothesis in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui-Wen Gao
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Nai-Xia Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lin-Yin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Neurological and Psychiatric Research and Drug Discovery (CNPRDD), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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3
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Troci A, Philippen S, Rausch P, Rave J, Weyland G, Niemann K, Jessen K, Schmill LP, Aludin S, Franke A, Berg D, Bang C, Bartsch T. Disease- and stage-specific alterations of the oral and fecal microbiota in Alzheimer's disease. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgad427. [PMID: 38205031 PMCID: PMC10776369 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities in the intestinal tract are suggested to impact the ethiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The human microbiome might modulate neuroinflammatory processes and contribute to neurodegeneration in AD. However, the microbial compositions in patients with AD at different stages of the disease are still not fully characterized. We used 16S rRNA analyses to investigate the oral and fecal microbiota in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 84), at-risk individuals (APOE4 carriers; n = 17), and healthy controls (n = 50) and investigated the relationship of microbial communities and disease-specific markers via multivariate- and network-based approaches. We found a slightly decreased diversity in the fecal microbiota of patients with AD (average Chao1 diversity for AD = 212 [SD = 66]; for controls = 215 [SD = 55]) and identified differences in bacterial abundances including Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcus, Sutterella, and Porphyromonadaceae. The diversity in the oral microbiota was increased in patients with AD and at-risk individuals (average Chao1 diversity for AD = 174 [SD = 60], for at-risk group = 195 [SD = 49]). Gram-negative proinflammatory bacteria including Haemophilus, Neisseria, Actinobacillus, and Porphyromonas were dominant oral bacteria in patients with AD and MCI and the abundance correlated with the cerebrospinal fluid biomarker. Taken together, we observed a strong shift in the fecal and the oral communities of patients with AD already prominent in prodromal and, in case of the oral microbiota, in at-risk stages. This indicates stage-dependent alterations in oral and fecal microbiota in AD which may contribute to the pathogenesis via a facilitated intestinal and systemic inflammation leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Troci
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Philippen
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Philipp Rausch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julius Rave
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Gina Weyland
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Katharina Niemann
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Katharina Jessen
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Lars-Patrick Schmill
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Schekeb Aludin
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bartsch
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
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Kolodkin-Gal I, Cohen-Cymberknoh M, Zamir G, Tsesis I, Rosen E. Targeting Persistent Biofilm Infections: Reconsidering the Topography of the Infection Site during Model Selection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061164. [PMID: 35744683 PMCID: PMC9231179 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiology of an organism in the environment reflects its interactions with the diverse physical, chemical, and biological properties of the surface. These principles come into consideration during model selection to study biofilm–host interactions. Biofilms are communities formed by beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, where cells are held together by a structured extracellular matrix. When biofilms are associated with a host, chemical gradients and their origins become highly relevant. Conventional biofilm laboratory models such as multiwall biofilm models and agar plate models poorly mimic these gradients. In contrast, ex vivo models possess the partial capacity to mimic the conditions of tissue-associated biofilm and a biofilm associated with a mineralized surface enriched in inorganic components, such as the human dentin. This review will highlight the progress achieved using these settings for two models of persistent infections: the infection of the lung tissue by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the infection of the root canal by Enterococcus faecalis. For both models, we conclude that the limitations of the conventional in vitro systems necessitate a complimentary experimentation with clinically relevant ex vivo models during therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Correspondence: (I.K.-G.); (I.T.); (E.R.)
| | - Malena Cohen-Cymberknoh
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Gideon Zamir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel;
| | - Igor Tsesis
- Department of Endodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: (I.K.-G.); (I.T.); (E.R.)
| | - Eyal Rosen
- Department of Endodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: (I.K.-G.); (I.T.); (E.R.)
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5
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Ibacache-Quiroga C, González-Pizarro K, Charifeh M, Canales C, Díaz-Viciedo R, Schmachtenberg O, Dinamarca MA. Metagenomic and Functional Characterization of Two Chilean Kefir Beverages Reveals a Dairy Beverage Containing Active Enzymes, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Microbial β-Amyloids, and Bio-Film Inhibitors. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070900. [PMID: 35406987 PMCID: PMC8997647 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kefir beverage is a probiotic food associated with health benefits, containing probiotic microorganisms and biomolecules produced during fermentation. The microbial composition of these beverages varies among countries, geographical regions, and the substrates, therefore, the characterization of kefir beverages is of great relevance in understanding their potential health-promoting and biotechnological applications. Therefore, this study presents the metagenomic and functional characterization of two Chilean kefir beverages, K02 and K03, through shotgun and amplicon-based metagenomic, microbiological, chemical, and biochemical studies. Results show that both beverages’ microbiota were mainly formed by Bacteria (>98%), while Eukarya represented less than 2%. Regarding Bacteria, the most abundant genera were Acetobacter (93.43% in K02 and 80.99% in K03) and Lactobacillus (5.72% in K02 and 16.75% in K03), while Kazachstania was the most abundant genus from Eukarya (42.55% and 36.08% in K02 and K03). Metagenomic analyses revealed metabolic pathways for lactose and casein assimilation, biosynthesis of health-promoting biomolecules, and clusters for antibiotic resistance, quorum sensing communication, and biofilm formation. Enzymatic activities, microbial β-amyloids, and short-chain fatty acids (acetic acid and propionic acid) were also detected in these beverages. Likewise, both kefir beverages inhibited biofilm formation of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ibacache-Quiroga
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Micro-Bioinnovación, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (K.G.-P.); (M.C.); (R.D.-V.)
- Correspondence: (C.I.-Q.); (M.A.D.); Tel.: +56-322-508-440 (C.I.-Q.); +56-322-508-442 (M.A.D.)
| | - Karoll González-Pizarro
- Centro de Micro-Bioinnovación, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (K.G.-P.); (M.C.); (R.D.-V.)
| | - Mariam Charifeh
- Centro de Micro-Bioinnovación, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (K.G.-P.); (M.C.); (R.D.-V.)
| | - Christian Canales
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción 4080871, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Díaz-Viciedo
- Centro de Micro-Bioinnovación, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (K.G.-P.); (M.C.); (R.D.-V.)
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Oliver Schmachtenberg
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile;
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2381850, Chile
| | - M. Alejandro Dinamarca
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Micro-Bioinnovación, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (K.G.-P.); (M.C.); (R.D.-V.)
- Correspondence: (C.I.-Q.); (M.A.D.); Tel.: +56-322-508-440 (C.I.-Q.); +56-322-508-442 (M.A.D.)
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6
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Lamprokostopoulou A, Römling U. Yin and Yang of Biofilm Formation and Cyclic di-GMP Signaling of the Gastrointestinal Pathogen Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:275-292. [PMID: 34775379 PMCID: PMC9275015 DOI: 10.1159/000519573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last 60 years, microbiological research has challenged many dogmas such as bacteria being unicellular microorganisms directed by nutrient sources; these investigations produced new dogmas such as cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (cyclic di-GMP) second messenger signaling as a ubiquitous regulator of the fundamental sessility/motility lifestyle switch on the single-cell level. Successive investigations have not yet challenged this view; however, the complexity of cyclic di-GMP as an intracellular bacterial signal, and, less explored, as an extracellular signaling molecule in combination with the conformational flexibility of the molecule, provides endless opportunities for cross-kingdom interactions. Cyclic di-GMP-directed microbial biofilms commonly stimulate the immune system on a lower level, whereas host-sensed cyclic di-GMP broadly stimulates the innate and adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, while the intracellular second messenger cyclic di-GMP signaling promotes bacterial biofilm formation and chronic infections, oppositely, Salmonella Typhimurium cellulose biofilm inside immune cells is not endorsed. These observations only touch on the complexity of the interaction of biofilm microbial cells with its host. In this review, we describe the Yin and Yang interactive concepts of biofilm formation and cyclic di-GMP signaling using S. Typhimurium as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ute Römling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Molecular determinants of peaceful coexistence versus invasiveness of non-Typhoidal Salmonella: Implications in long-term side-effects. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:100997. [PMID: 34311996 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The genus Salmonella represents a wide range of strains including Typhoidal and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates that exhibit illnesses of varied pathophysiologies. The more frequent NTS ensues a self-limiting enterocolitis with rare occasions of bacteremia or systemic infections. These self-limiting Salmonella strains are capable of subverting and dampening the host immune system to achieve a more prolonged survival inside the host system thus leading to chronic manifestations. Notably, emergence of new invasive NTS isolates known as invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) have worsened the disease burden significantly in some parts of the world. NTS strains adapt to attain persister phenotype intracellularly and cause relapsing infections. These chronic infections, in susceptible hosts, are also capable of causing diseases like IBS, IBD, reactive arthritis, gallbladder cancer and colorectal cancer. The present understanding of molecular mechanism of how these chronic infections are manifested is quite limited. The current work is an effort to review the prevailing knowledge emanating from a large volume of research focusing on various forms of NTS infections including those that cause localized, systemic and persistent disease. The review will further dwell into the understanding of how this pathogen contributes to the associated long term sequelae.
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8
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Miller AL, Bessho S, Grando K, Tükel Ç. Microbiome or Infections: Amyloid-Containing Biofilms as a Trigger for Complex Human Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638867. [PMID: 33717189 PMCID: PMC7952436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is the community of microorganisms that live upon or within their human host. The microbiota consists of various microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea; the gut microbiota is comprised mostly of bacteria. Many bacterial species within the gut microbiome grow as biofilms, which are multicellular communities embedded in an extracellular matrix. Studies have shown that the relative abundances of bacterial species, and therefore biofilms and bacterial byproducts, change during progression of a variety of human diseases including gastrointestinal, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cancer. Studies have shown the location and proximity of the biofilms within the gastrointestinal tract might impact disease outcome. Gram-negative enteric bacteria secrete the amyloid curli, which makes up as much as 85% of the extracellular matrix of enteric biofilms. Curli mediates cell-cell attachment and attachment to various surfaces including extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin and laminin. Structurally, curli is strikingly similar to pathological and immunomodulatory human amyloids such as amyloid-β, which has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein, which is involved in Parkinson's disease, and serum amyloid A, which is secreted during the acute phase of inflammation. The immune system recognizes both bacterial amyloid curli and human amyloids utilizing the same receptors, so curli also induces inflammation. Moreover, recent work indicates that curli can participate in the self-assembly process of pathological human amyloids. Curli is found within biofilms of commensal enteric bacteria as well as invasive pathogens; therefore, evidence suggests that curli contributes to complex human diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on how bacterial biofilms containing curli participate in the pathological and immunological processes in gastrointestinal diseases, systemic autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shingo Bessho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Grando
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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9
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Emerging Roles of Functional Bacterial Amyloids in Gene Regulation, Toxicity, and Immunomodulation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2020; 85:85/1/e00062-20. [PMID: 33239434 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00062-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria often reside in multicellular communities, called biofilms, held together by an extracellular matrix. In many bacteria, the major proteinaceous component of the biofilm are amyloid fibers. Amyloids are highly stable and structured protein aggregates which were known mostly to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. In recent years, microbial amyloids were identified also in other species and shown to play major roles in microbial physiology and virulence. For example, amyloid fibers assemble on the bacterial cell surface as a part of the extracellular matrix and are extremely important to the scaffolding and structural integrity of biofilms, which contribute to microbial resilience and resistance. Furthermore, microbial amyloids play fundamental nonscaffold roles that contribute to the development of biofilms underlying numerous persistent infections. Here, we review several nonscaffold roles of bacterial amyloid proteins, including bridging cells during collective migration, acting as regulators of cell fate, as toxins against other bacteria or against host immune cells, and as modulators of the hosts' immune system. These overall points on the complexity of the amyloid fold in encoding numerous activities, which offer approaches for the development of a novel repertoire of antivirulence therapeutics.
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10
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Borsom EM, Lee K, Cope EK. Do the Bugs in Your Gut Eat Your Memories? Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E814. [PMID: 33153085 PMCID: PMC7693835 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is composed of trillions of microbial cells inhabiting the oral cavity, skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, airways, and reproductive organs. The gut microbiota is composed of dynamic communities of microorganisms that communicate bidirectionally with the brain via cytokines, neurotransmitters, hormones, and secondary metabolites, known as the gut microbiota-brain axis. The gut microbiota-brain axis is suspected to be involved in the development of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. AD is an irreversible, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Microglia and astrocytes, the resident immune cells of the CNS, play an integral role in AD development, as neuroinflammation is a driving factor of disease severity. The gut microbiota-brain axis is a novel target for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics to modulate critical neuroimmune and metabolic pathways. Potential therapeutics include probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary intervention. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of the gut microbiota-brain axis and neuroinflammation in the onset and development of Alzheimer's disease, limitations of current research, and potential for gut microbiota-brain axis targeted therapies.
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11
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Rooney CM, Mankia K, Emery P. The Role of the Microbiome in Driving RA-Related Autoimmunity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:538130. [PMID: 33134291 PMCID: PMC7550627 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.538130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Once referred to as "normal commensal flora" the human microbiome plays an integral role between health and disease. The host mucosal surface replete with a multitude of immune cells is a vast arena constantly sensing and responding to antigen presentation and microbial by-products. It is this key role that may allow the microbiome to prime or protect the host from autoimmune disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, disabling inflammatory condition characterized by a complex multifactorial etiology. The presence of certain genetic markers has been proven to increase susceptibility to RA however it does not guarantee disease development. Given low concordance rates demonstrated in monozygotic twin studies there is a clear implication for the involvement of external players in RA pathogenesis. Since the historical description of rheumatoid factor, numerous additional autoantibodies have been described in the sera of RA patients. The presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibody is now a standard test, and is associated with a more severe disease course. Interestingly these antibodies are detectable in patient's sera long before the clinical signs of RA occur. The production of autoantibodies is driven by the lack of tolerance of the immune system, and how tolerance is broken is a crucial question for understanding RA development. Here we review current literature on the role of the microbiome in RA development including periodontal, gut and lung mucosa, with particular focus on proposed mechanisms of host microbiome interactions. We discuss the use of Mendelian randomization to assign causality to the microbiome and present considerations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristopher M. Rooney
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kulveer Mankia
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
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12
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Miller AL, Pasternak JA, Medeiros NJ, Nicastro LK, Tursi SA, Hansen EG, Krochak R, Sokaribo AS, MacKenzie KD, Palmer MB, Herman DJ, Watson NL, Zhang Y, Wilson HL, Wilson RP, White AP, Tükel Ç. In vivo synthesis of bacterial amyloid curli contributes to joint inflammation during S. Typhimurium infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008591. [PMID: 32645118 PMCID: PMC7347093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive arthritis, an autoimmune disorder, occurs following gastrointestinal infection with invasive enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica. Curli, an extracellular, bacterial amyloid with cross beta-sheet structure can trigger inflammatory responses by stimulating pattern recognition receptors. Here we show that S. Typhimurium produces curli amyloids in the cecum and colon of mice after natural oral infection, in both acute and chronic infection models. Production of curli was associated with an increase in anti-dsDNA autoantibodies and joint inflammation in infected mice. The negative impacts on the host appeared to be dependent on invasive systemic exposure of curli to immune cells. We hypothesize that in vivo synthesis of curli contributes to known complications of enteric infections and suggest that cross-seeding interactions can occur between pathogen-produced amyloids and amyloidogenic proteins of the host. Our manuscript focuses on curli, a ‘functional amyloid’ produced by Salmonella as well as other enteric bacteria. We present the first biochemical evidence that these fibers are produced in the gastrointestinal tract of mice after oral infection, the natural route for Salmonella infections. This finding is significant because of the immune impacts on the host; we show that curli cause an increase in autoimmunity and inflammation in the knee joints of infected mice. Reactive arthritis is a known autoimmune complication after enteric infections and our results indicate that presence of curli in the gut provides a novel linchpin of pathogenesis. As curli or curli-like amyloids are also produced by the commensal bacteria, it is possible that the unintended release of amyloids produced by the microbiota could trigger similar autoimmune reactions. Finally, our work provides conceptual evidence for the possibility of cross-seeding between bacterial amyloids like curli and human amyloids involved in amyloid-associated diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease via the gut microbiome or infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - J. Alex Pasternak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nicole J. Medeiros
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lauren K. Nicastro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Tursi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth G. Hansen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ryan Krochak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Akosiererem S. Sokaribo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Keith D. MacKenzie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Melissa B. Palmer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Dakoda J. Herman
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Nikole L. Watson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Wilson
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - R. Paul Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Aaron P. White
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail: (APW); (CT)
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (APW); (CT)
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13
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Salmonella Typhimurium biofilm disruption by a human antibody that binds a pan-amyloid epitope on curli. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1007. [PMID: 32081907 PMCID: PMC7035420 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms, especially those associated with implanted medical devices, are difficult to eradicate. Curli amyloid fibers are important components of the biofilms formed by the Enterobacteriaceae family. Here, we show that a human monoclonal antibody with pan-amyloid-binding activity (mAb 3H3) can disrupt biofilms formed by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in vitro and in vivo. The antibody disrupts the biofilm structure, enhancing biofilm eradication by antibiotics and immune cells. In mice, 3H3 injections allow antibiotic-mediated clearance of catheter-associated S. Typhimurium biofilms. Thus, monoclonal antibodies that bind a pan-amyloid epitope have potential to prevent or eradicate bacterial biofilms. Curli amyloid fibers are important components of bacterial biofilms formed by E. coli and Salmonella. Here, Tursi et al. show that a human monoclonal antibody with pan-amyloid binding activity can disrupt biofilms formed by Salmonella Typhimurium in vitro and in vivo.
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14
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Mirzaei R, Mirzaei H, Alikhani MY, Sholeh M, Arabestani MR, Saidijam M, Karampoor S, Ahmadyousefi Y, Moghadam MS, Irajian GR, Hasanvand H, Yousefimashouf R. Bacterial biofilm in colorectal cancer: What is the real mechanism of action? Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104052. [PMID: 32045645 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer around the world. Colorectal cancer has various risk factors, but current works have bolded a significant activity for the microbiota of the human colon in the development of this disease. Bacterial biofilm has been mediated to non-malignant pathologies like inflammatory bowel disease but has not been fully documented in the setting of colorectal cancer. The investigation has currently found that bacterial biofilm is mediated to colon cancer in the human and linked to the location of human cancer, with almost all right-sided adenomas of colon cancers possessing bacterial biofilm, whilst left-sided cancer is rarely biofilm positive. The profound comprehension of the changes in colorectal cancer can provide interesting novel concepts for anticancer treatments. In this review, we will summarize and examine the new knowledge about the links between colorectal cancer and bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sholeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokri Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Irajian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamze Hasanvand
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yousefimashouf
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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15
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Huang YM, Hong XZ, Shen J, Geng LJ, Pan YH, Ling W, Zhao HL. Amyloids in Site-Specific Autoimmune Reactions and Inflammatory Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2980. [PMID: 31993048 PMCID: PMC6964640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid deposition is a histological hallmark of common human disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes. Although some reports highlight that amyloid fibrils might activate the innate immunity system via pattern recognition receptors, here, we provide multiple lines of evidence for the protection by site-specific amyloid protein analogs and fibrils against autoimmune attacks: (1) strategies targeting clearance of the AD-related brain amyloid plaque induce high risk of deadly autoimmune destructions in subjects with cognitive dysfunction; (2) administration of amyloidogenic peptides with either full length or core hexapeptide structure consistently ameliorates signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; (3) experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is exacerbated following genetic deletion of amyloid precursor proteins; (4) absence of islet amyloid coexists with T-cell-mediated insulitis in autoimmune diabetes and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome; (5) use of islet amyloid polypeptide agonists rather than antagonists improves diabetes care; and (6) common suppressive signaling pathways by regulatory T cells are activated in both local and systemic amyloidosis. These findings indicate dual modulation activity mediated by amyloid protein monomers, oligomers, and fibrils to maintain immune homeostasis. The protection from autoimmune destruction by amyloid proteins offers a novel therapeutic approach to regenerative medicine for common degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Huang
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xue-Zhi Hong
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Li-Jun Geng
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yan-Hong Pan
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wei Ling
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai-Lu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Area of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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16
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Ugwu IC, Lee-Ching L, Ugwu CC, Okoye JOA, Chah KF. In vitro assessment of pathogenicity and virulence encoding gene profiles of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains associated with colibacillosis in chickens. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2020; 21:180-187. [PMID: 33178295 PMCID: PMC7608036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains have been associated with various disease conditions in avian species due to virulence attributes associated with the organism. AIMS This study was carried out to determine the in vitro pathogenic characteristics and virulence encoding genes found in E. coli strains associated with colibacillosis in chickens. METHODS Fifty-two stock cultures of E. coli strains isolated from chickens diagnosed of colibacillosis were tested for their ability to produce haemolysis on blood agar and take up Congo red dye. Molecular characterization was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of virulence encoding genes associated with APEC. RESULTS Eleven (22%) and 41 (71%) were positive for haemolysis on 5% sheep red blood agar and Congo red agar, respectively. Nine virulence-associated genes were detected as follows: FimH (96%), csgA (52%), iss (48%), iut (33%), tsh (21%), cva (15%), kpsII (10%), pap (2%), and felA (2%). CONCLUSION The APEC strains exhibited virulence properties and harbored virulence encoding genes which could be a threat to the poultry population and public health. The putative virulence genes were diverse and different in almost all isolate implying that pathogenesis was multi-factorial and the infection was multi-faceted which could be a source of concern in the detection and control of APEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. C. Ugwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - L. Lee-Ching
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - C. C. Ugwu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - J. O. A. Okoye
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - K. F. Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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17
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Praveschotinunt P, Duraj-Thatte AM, Gelfat I, Bahl F, Chou DB, Joshi NS. Engineered E. coli Nissle 1917 for the delivery of matrix-tethered therapeutic domains to the gut. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5580. [PMID: 31811125 PMCID: PMC6898321 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal healing plays a critical role in combatting the effects of inflammatory bowel disease, fistulae and ulcers. While most treatments for such diseases focus on systemically delivered anti-inflammatory drugs, often leading to detrimental side effects, mucosal healing agents that target the gut epithelium are underexplored. We genetically engineer Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to create fibrous matrices that promote gut epithelial integrity in situ. These matrices consist of curli nanofibers displaying trefoil factors (TFFs), known to promote intestinal barrier function and epithelial restitution. We confirm that engineered EcN can secrete the curli-fused TFFs in vitro and in vivo, and is non-pathogenic. We observe enhanced protective effects of engineered EcN against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice, associated with mucosal healing and immunomodulation. This work lays a foundation for the development of a platform in which the in situ production of therapeutic protein matrices from beneficial bacteria can be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichet Praveschotinunt
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Duraj-Thatte
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilia Gelfat
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Franziska Bahl
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - David B Chou
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neel S Joshi
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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18
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Human Bile-Mediated Regulation of Salmonella Curli Fimbriae. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00055-19. [PMID: 30936374 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00055-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Typhoid fever is caused primarily by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Approximately 3% to 5% of individuals infected with S Typhi become chronic carriers with the gallbladder (GB) as the site of persistence, as gallstones within the GB are a platform on which the bacteria form a biofilm. S Typhi is a human-restricted pathogen; therefore, asymptomatic carriers represent a critical reservoir for further spread of disease. To examine the dynamics of the Salmonella biofilm during chronic carriage, the human gallstone (GS) environment was simulated by growing biofilms on cholesterol-coated surfaces in the presence of bile, and the transcriptional profile was determined. Some of the most highly activated genes corresponded to the curli fimbria operon, with the major structural component csgA upregulated >80-fold. The curli protein polymer is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in Salmonella biofilms. The upregulation of curli fimbriae by human bile was validated through reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), microscopy, and Western blotting. Interestingly, this activation appears human specific, as qRT-PCR showed repression of csgA in biofilms grown in mouse or ox bile. Comparative transcriptional studies of the two divergent csg operons suggest an early activation of both operons in minimal medium complemented with glucose that quickly diminishes as the biofilm matures. However, in the presence of human bile, there is a modest activation of both operons that steadily increases as the biofilm matures. Understanding the effect of the GB environment on key biofilm-associated factors can help target antibiofilm therapeutics or other preventative strategies to eradicate chronic carriage.IMPORTANCE Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, and 3% to 5% of patients become chronic gallbladder (GB) carriers (also known as "Typhoid Marys"). We have previously demonstrated a role for Salmonella biofilm formation on gallstones as a primary mechanism of carriage. In this study, we found that the important biofilm extracellular matrix component curli fimbria is induced in an in vitro human GB model system. This induction is specific to human bile and increases as the biofilm matures. We also found that the biofilm and curli regulator CsgD play a key role in this observed induction. This work further enhances our understanding biofilm-mediated chronic carriage and provides a potential target for eliminating persistent GB infection by S Typhi.
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19
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Osorio C, Kanukuntla T, Diaz E, Jafri N, Cummings M, Sfera A. The Post-amyloid Era in Alzheimer's Disease: Trust Your Gut Feeling. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:143. [PMID: 31297054 PMCID: PMC6608545 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis, the assumption that beta-amyloid toxicity is the primary cause of neuronal and synaptic loss, has been the mainstream research concept in Alzheimer's disease for the past two decades. Currently, this model is quietly being replaced by a more holistic, “systemic disease” paradigm which, like the aging process, affects multiple body tissues and organs, including the gut microbiota. It is well-established that inflammation is a hallmark of cellular senescence; however, the infection-senescence link has been less explored. Microbiota-induced senescence is a gradually emerging concept promoted by the discovery of pathogens and their products in Alzheimer's disease brains associated with senescent neurons, glia, and endothelial cells. Infectious agents have previously been associated with Alzheimer's disease, but the cause vs. effect issue could not be resolved. A recent study may have settled this debate as it shows that gingipain, a Porphyromonas gingivalis toxin, can be detected not only in Alzheimer's disease but also in the brains of older individuals deceased prior to developing the illness. In this review, we take the position that gut and other microbes from the body periphery reach the brain by triggering intestinal and blood-brain barrier senescence and disruption. We also surmise that novel Alzheimer's disease findings, including neuronal somatic mosaicism, iron dyshomeostasis, aggressive glial phenotypes, and loss of aerobic glycolysis, can be explained by the infection-senescence model. In addition, we discuss potential cellular senescence targets and therapeutic strategies, including iron chelators, inflammasome inhibitors, senolytic antibiotics, mitophagy inducers, and epigenetic metabolic reprograming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Osorio
- Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tulasi Kanukuntla
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Eddie Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Nyla Jafri
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Adonis Sfera
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
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20
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Gutierrez Jauregui R, Fleige H, Bubke A, Rohde M, Weiss S, Förster R. IL-1β Promotes Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms on Implants in vivo. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1082. [PMID: 31156635 PMCID: PMC6534041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant associated infections represent a serious health burden in clinics since some microorganisms are able to colonize biological surfaces or surfaces of indwelling medical devices and form biofilms. Biofilms represent communities of microorganisms attached to hydrated surfaces and enclosed in self-produced extracellular matrix. This renders them resistant to exogenous assaults like antibiotics or immune effector mechanisms. Little is known regarding the role of the immune system in the formation of biofilms during implant associated infections, largely due to the lack of suitable mouse models. Here we use colonized osmotic pumps in mice to study the interaction of an activated immune system with biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus encoding Gaussia luciferase. This approach permits biofilm formation on the osmotic pumps in living animals. It also allows the continuous supply of soluble immune cell activating agents, such as cytokines to study their effect on biofilm formation in vivo. Using non-invasive imaging of the bioluminescent signal emitted by the lux expressing bacteria for quantification of bacterial load in conjunction with light and electron microscopy, we observed that pump-supplied pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β strongly increased biofilm formation along with a massive influx of neutrophils adjacent to the biofilm-coated pumps. Thus, our data demonstrate that immune defense mechanisms can augment biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrike Fleige
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,RESIST, Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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21
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du Teil Espina M, Gabarrini G, Harmsen HJM, Westra J, van Winkelhoff AJ, van Dijl JM. Talk to your gut: the oral-gut microbiome axis and its immunomodulatory role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:1-18. [PMID: 30219863 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting the human body, collectively called the microbiome, are critical modulators of immunity. This notion is underpinned by associations between changes in the microbiome and particular autoimmune disorders. Specifically, in rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most frequently occurring autoimmune disorders worldwide, changes in the oral and gut microbiomes have been implicated in the loss of tolerance against self-antigens and in increased inflammatory events promoting the damage of joints. In the present review, we highlight recently gained insights in the roles of microbes in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, we address important immunomodulatory processes, including biofilm formation and neutrophil function, which have been implicated in host-microbe interactions relevant for rheumatoid arthritis. Lastly, we present recent advances in the development and evaluation of emerging microbiome-based therapeutic approaches. Altogether, we conclude that the key to uncovering the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis will lie in the immunomodulatory functions of the oral and gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marines du Teil Espina
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Gabarrini
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arie Jan van Winkelhoff
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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22
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Curli-Containing Enteric Biofilms Inside and Out: Matrix Composition, Immune Recognition, and Disease Implications. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 82:82/4/e00028-18. [PMID: 30305312 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00028-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms of enteric bacteria are highly complex, with multiple components that interact to fortify the biofilm matrix. Within biofilms of enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella species, the main component of the biofilm is amyloid curli. Other constituents include cellulose, extracellular DNA, O antigen, and various surface proteins, including BapA. Only recently, the roles of these components in the formation of the enteric biofilm individually and in consortium have been evaluated. In addition to enhancing the stability and strength of the matrix, the components of the enteric biofilm influence bacterial virulence and transmission. Most notably, certain components of the matrix are recognized as pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Systemic recognition of enteric biofilms leads to the activation of several proinflammatory innate immune receptors, including the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/TLR1/CD14 heterocomplex, TLR9, and NLRP3. In the model of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the immune response to curli is site specific. Although a proinflammatory response is generated upon systemic presentation of curli, oral administration of curli ameliorates the damaged intestinal epithelial barrier and reduces the severity of colitis. Furthermore, curli (and extracellular DNA) of enteric biofilms potentiate the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and promote the fibrillization of the pathogenic amyloid α-synuclein, which is implicated in Parkinson's disease. Homologues of curli-encoding genes are found in four additional bacterial phyla, suggesting that the biomedical implications involved with enteric biofilms are applicable to numerous bacterial species.
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Van Gerven N, Van der Verren SE, Reiter DM, Remaut H. The Role of Functional Amyloids in Bacterial Virulence. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3657-3684. [PMID: 30009771 PMCID: PMC6173799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are best known as a product of human and animal protein misfolding disorders, where amyloid formation is associated with cytotoxicity and disease. It is now evident that for some proteins, the amyloid state constitutes the native structure and serves a functional role. These functional amyloids are proving widespread in bacteria and fungi, fulfilling diverse functions as structural components in biofilms or spore coats, as toxins and surface-active fibers, as epigenetic material, peptide reservoirs or adhesins mediating binding to and internalization into host cells. In this review, we will focus on the role of functional amyloids in bacterial pathogenesis. The role of functional amyloids as virulence factor is diverse but mostly indirect. Nevertheless, functional amyloid pathways deserve consideration for the acute and long-term effects of the infectious disease process and may form valid antimicrobial targets. Functional amyloids are widespread in bacteria, pathogenic and non-pathogenic. Bacterial biofilms most commonly function as structural support in the extracellular matrix of biofilms or spore coats, and in cell–cell and cell-surface adherence. The amyloid state can be the sole structured and functional state, or can be facultative, as a secondary state to folded monomeric subunits. Bacterial amyloids can enhance virulence by increasing persistence, cell adherence and invasion, intracellular survival, and pathogen spread by increased environmental survival. Bacterial amyloids may indirectly inflict disease by triggering inflammation, contact phase activation and possibly induce or aggravate human pathological aggregation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nani Van Gerven
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sander E Van der Verren
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk M Reiter
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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24
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Sodium Butyrate Inhibits Inflammation and Maintains Epithelium Barrier Integrity in a TNBS-induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mice Model. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:317-325. [PMID: 29627390 PMCID: PMC5952406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G Protein Coupled Receptor 109A (GPR109A), which belongs to the G protein coupled receptor family, can be activated by niacin, butyrate, and β-hydroxybutyric acid. Here, we assessed the anti-inflammatory activity of sodium butyrate (SB) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mice, an experimental model that resembles Crohn's disease, and explored the potential mechanism of SB in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In vivo, experimental GPR109a-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were administered SB (5g/L) in their drinking water for 6weeks. The mice were then administered TNBS via rectal perfusion to imitate colitis. In vitro, RAW246.7 macrophages, Caco-2 cells, and primary peritoneal macrophages were used to investigate the protective roles of SB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response and epithelium barrier dysfunction. In vivo, SB significantly ameliorated the inflammatory response and intestinal epithelium barrier dysfunction in TNBS-induced WT mice, but failed to provide a protective effect in TNBS-induced GPR109a-/- mice. In vitro, pre-treatment with SB dramatically inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW246.7 macrophages. SB inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 and AKT signaling pathways, but failed to inhibit the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Our data indicated that SB ameliorated the TNBS-induced inflammatory response and intestinal epithelium barrier dysfunction through activating GPR109A and inhibiting the AKT and NF-κB p65 signaling pathways. These findings therefore extend the understanding of GPR109A receptor function and provide a new theoretical basis for treatment of IBD.
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25
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Markova JA, Anganova EV, Turskaya AL, Bybin VA, Savilov ED. Regulation of Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Bruserud Ø, Siddiqui H, Marthinussen MC, Chen T, Jonsson R, Oftedal BE, Olsen I, Husebye ES, Wolff AB. Oral microbiota in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10:1442986. [PMID: 29503707 PMCID: PMC5827717 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1442986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS-1) is a rare, childhood onset disease caused by mutations in the Autoimmune Regulator gene. The phenotypic expression is highly variable and includes disease manifestations in the oral cavity, including mucocutaneous candidiasis. Increasing evidence suggests a potential role of the skin, oral and gut microbiotas in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. To date, no information exists regarding the oral microbiota in APS-1. Objective: To assess the bacterial microbiota of whole saliva in APS-1 patients by using high throughput sequencing. Design: Whole unstimulated saliva was collected from 10 APS-1 patients and 17 healthy controls and examined by high throughput sequencing of the hypervariable region V1-V2 of 16S rRNA using the 454 GS Junior system. Metastats (http://cbcb.umd.edu/software/metastats) was used to analyse the pyrosequencing reads. Results: A reduction in the total number of bacterial genera and species was detected in APS-1 compared to healthy controls. The proportion of the major phyla Firmicutes was higher (60% vs 41%, p = 0.002) and Bacteroidetes lower (15% vs 28%, p = 0.007) in APS-1 compared to healthy controls. On the genus level, Streptococcus and Gemella were prevalent in APS-1. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a significantly altered oral microbiota in APS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Huma Siddiqui
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mihaela Cuida Marthinussen
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bergithe Eikeland Oftedal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eystein Sverre Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette Bøe Wolff
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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27
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Corridoni D, Chapman T, Ambrose T, Simmons A. Emerging Mechanisms of Innate Immunity and Their Translational Potential in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018. [PMID: 29515999 PMCID: PMC5825991 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system through pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) signaling plays a pivotal role in the early induction of host defense following exposure to pathogens. Loss of intestinal innate immune regulation leading aberrant immune responses has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The precise role of PRRs in gut inflammation is not well understood, but considering their role as bacterial sensors and their genetic association with IBD, they likely contribute to dysregulated immune responses to the commensal microbiota. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the emerging functions of PRRs including their functional cross-talk, how they respond to mitochondrial damage, induce mitophagy or autophagy, and influence adaptive immune responses by interacting with the antigen presentation machinery. The review also summarizes some of the recent attempts to harness these pathways for therapeutic approaches in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Corridoni
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Chapman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Ambrose
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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28
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Ellermann M, Sartor RB. Intestinal bacterial biofilms modulate mucosal immune responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2018; 2:13-18. [PMID: 30393787 PMCID: PMC6214460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Host-associated microbial communities modulate numerous aspects of host physiology at the epithelial interface within mucosal environments. Perturbations to this symbiotic relationship between host and microbiota has been linked to numerous microbial-driven pathological states, including Crohn's disease (CD). This is in part driven by the outgrowth of aggressive resident bacterial strains such as adherent and invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) and changes in bacterial physiology and function that promote enhanced mucosal association of pathobionts and aberrant stimulation of mucosal immunity. Endogenous bacteria from host-associated microbial communities can adopt a sessile lifestyle and form multicellular structures known as biofilms that are generated through the expression of extracellular adhesion factors that include curli amyloid fibrils, cellulose and type 1 pili. In addition to enabling bacterial attachment to mucosal surfaces, biofilm components also stimulate immune responses and can therefore instigate or perpetuate microbial-driven inflammatory diseases such as CD. These host-bacterial interactions provide pharmacological targets that can potentially be exploited to limit mucosal adherence of aggressive enteric bacteria, inappropriate stimulation of inflammatory immune responses and consequent development of chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ellermann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Departments of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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29
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Abstract
It has become apparent that the intestinal microbiota orchestrates important aspects of our metabolism, immunity, and development. Recent work has demonstrated that the microbiota also influences brain function in healthy and diseased individuals. Of great interest are reports that intestinal bacteria play a role in the pathogenic cascade of both Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. These neurodegenerative disorders both involve misfolding of endogenous proteins that spreads from one region of the body to another in a manner analogous to prions. The mechanisms of how the microbiota influences or is correlated with disease require elaboration. Microbial proteins or metabolites may influence neurodegeneration through the promotion of amyloid formation by human proteins or by enhancing inflammatory responses to endogenous neuronal amyloids. We review the current knowledge concerning bacterial amyloids and their potential to influence cerebral amyloid aggregation and neuroinflammation. We propose the term “mapranosis” to describe the process of microbiota-associated proteopathy and neuroinflammation. The study of amyloid proteins made by the microbiota and their influence on health and disease is in its infancy. This is a promising area for therapeutic intervention because there are many ways to alter our microbial partners and their products, including amyloid proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Friedland
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew R. Chapman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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30
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Som Chaudhury S, Das Mukhopadhyay C. Functional amyloids: interrelationship with other amyloids and therapeutic assessment to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2017; 128:449-463. [PMID: 29076790 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1398153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Som Chaudhury
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Chitrangada Das Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, West Bengal, India
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31
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Bacterial Biofilms in Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression. Trends Mol Med 2016; 23:18-30. [PMID: 27986421 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota have emerged as an important factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression. The currently prominent view on bacterial tumorigenesis is that CRC initiation is triggered by local mucosal colonization with specific pathogens (drivers), and that subsequent changes in the peritumoral environment allow colonization by opportunistic (passenger) microbes, further facilitating disease progression. Screening for CRC 'driver-passenger' microorganisms might thus allow early CRC diagnosis or preventive intervention. Such efforts are now being revolutionized by the notion that CRC initiation and progression require organization of bacterial communities into higher-order structures termed biofilms. We explore here the concept that a polymicrobial biofilm promotes pro-carcinogenic activities that may partially underlie progression along the adenoma-CRC axis.
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32
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Siddiqui H, Chen T, Aliko A, Mydel PM, Jonsson R, Olsen I. Microbiological and bioinformatics analysis of primary Sjogren's syndrome patients with normal salivation. J Oral Microbiol 2016; 8:31119. [PMID: 27770517 PMCID: PMC5075221 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v8.31119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced salivation is considered a major clinical feature of most but not all cases of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Reduced saliva flow may lead to changes in the salivary microbiota. These changes have mainly been studied with culture that typically recovers only 65% of the bacteria present. Objective This study was to use high throughput sequencing, covering both cultivated and not-yet-cultivated bacteria, to assess the bacterial microbiota of whole saliva in pSS patients with normal salivation. Methods Bacteria of whole unstimulated saliva from nine pSS patients with normal salivation flow and from nine healthy controls were examined by high throughput sequencing of the hypervariable region V1V2 of 16S rRNA using the 454 GS Junior system. Raw sequence reads were subjected to a species-level, reference-based taxonomy assignment pipeline specially designed for studying the human oral microbial community. Each of the sequence reads was BLASTN-searched against a database consisting of reference sequences representing 1,156 oral and 12,013 non-oral species. Unassigned reads were then screened for high-quality non-chimeras and subjected to de novo species-level operational taxonomy unit (OTU) calling for potential novel species. Downstream analyses, including alpha and beta diversities, were analyzed using the Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) pipeline. To reveal significant differences between the microbiota of control saliva and Sjögren’s saliva, a statistical method introduced in Metastats www.metastats.cbcb.umd.edu was used. Results Saliva of pSS patients with normal salivation had a significantly higher frequency of Firmicutes compared with controls (p=0.004). Two other major phyla, Synergistetes and Spirochaetes, were significantly depleted in pSS (p=0.001 for both). In addition, we saw a nearly 17% decrease in the number of genera in pSS (25 vs. 30). While Prevotella was almost equally abundant in both groups (25% in pSS and 22% in controls), about a twofold increase in pSS of Streptococcus (28% vs. 17%) and Veillonella (26% vs. 12%) was detected. Prevotella melaninogenica was the major species in controls (13%) while Veillonella atypica and the Veillonella parvula groups dominated in patient samples (14 and 14%). The scarcity in bacterial species in pSS compared with controls was also demonstrated by alpha and beta diversity analyses, as well as read abundance depicted in a phylogenetic tree. Conclusions While Firmicutes was significantly higher in pSS patients than in controls, Synergistetes and Spirochaetes were significantly lower. The number of bacterial genera and species was also lower. These data showed that microbial dysbiosis is another key characteristic of pSS whole saliva which can occur independent of hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Siddiqui
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ardita Aliko
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Piotr M Mydel
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, and Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;
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33
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Salmonella Extracellular Matrix Components Influence Biofilm Formation and Gallbladder Colonization. Infect Immun 2016; 84:3243-3251. [PMID: 27600501 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00532-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever in humans, forms biofilms encapsulated by an extracellular matrix (ECM). Biofilms facilitate colonization and persistent infection in gallbladders of humans and mouse models of chronic carriage. Individual roles of matrix components have not been completely elucidated in vitro or in vivo To examine individual functions, strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the murine model of S Typhi, in which various ECM genes were deleted or added, were created to examine biofilm formation, colonization, and persistence in the gallbladder. Studies show that curli contributes most significantly to biofilm formation. Expression of Vi antigen decreased biofilm formation in vitro and virulence and bacterial survival in vivo without altering the examined gallbladder pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Oppositely, loss of all ECM components (ΔwcaM ΔcsgA ΔyihO ΔbcsE) increased virulence and bacterial survival in vivo and reduced gallbladder interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. Colanic acid and curli mutants had the largest defects in biofilm-forming ability and contributed most significantly to the virulence increase of the ΔwcaM ΔcsgA ΔyihO ΔbcsE mutant strain. While the ΔwcaM ΔcsgA ΔyihO ΔbcsE mutant was not altered in resistance to complement or growth in macrophages, it attached and invaded macrophages better than the wild-type (WT) strain. These data suggest that ECM components have various levels of importance in biofilm formation and gallbladder colonization and that the ECM diminishes disseminated disease in our model, perhaps by reducing cell attachment/invasion and dampening inflammation by maintaining/inducing IL-10 production. Understanding how ECM components aid acute disease and persistence could lead to improvements in therapeutic treatment of typhoid fever patients.
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34
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Exposure to the Functional Bacterial Amyloid Protein Curli Enhances Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation in Aged Fischer 344 Rats and Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34477. [PMID: 27708338 PMCID: PMC5052651 DOI: 10.1038/srep34477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolded alpha-synuclein (AS) and other neurodegenerative disorder proteins display prion-like transmission of protein aggregation. Factors responsible for the initiation of AS aggregation are unknown. To evaluate the role of amyloid proteins made by the microbiota we exposed aged rats and transgenic C. elegans to E. coli producing the extracellular bacterial amyloid protein curli. Rats exposed to curli-producing bacteria displayed increased neuronal AS deposition in both gut and brain and enhanced microgliosis and astrogliosis compared to rats exposed to either mutant bacteria unable to synthesize curli, or to vehicle alone. Animals exposed to curli producing bacteria also had more expression of TLR2, IL-6 and TNF in the brain than the other two groups. There were no differences among the rat groups in survival, body weight, inflammation in the mouth, retina, kidneys or gut epithelia, and circulating cytokine levels. AS-expressing C. elegans fed on curli-producing bacteria also had enhanced AS aggregation. These results suggest that bacterial amyloid functions as a trigger to initiate AS aggregation through cross-seeding and also primes responses of the innate immune system.
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35
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Abstract
Recent insights into bacterial biofilm matrix structures have induced a paradigm shift toward the recognition of amyloid fibers as common building block structures that confer stability to the exopolysaccharide matrix. Here we describe the functional amyloid systems related to biofilm matrix formation in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and recent knowledge regarding the interaction of amyloids with other biofilm matrix components such as extracellular DNA (eDNA) and the host immune system. In addition, we summarize the efforts to identify compounds that target amyloid fibers for therapeutic purposes and recent developments that take advantage of the amyloid structure to engineer amyloid fibers of bacterial biofilm matrices for biotechnological applications.
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