1
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Lasota S, Zimolag E, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Pilipiuk J, Madeja Z. The dynamics of the electrotactic reaction of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119647. [PMID: 38092134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms behind electrotaxis remain largely unknown, with no identified primary direct current electric field (dcEF) sensor. Two leading hypotheses propose mechanisms involving the redistribution of charged components in the cell membrane (driven by electrophoresis or electroosmosis) and the asymmetric activation of ion channels. To investigate these mechanisms, we studied the dynamics of electrotactic behaviour of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. We observed that 3T3 fibroblasts exhibit cathodal migration within just 1 min when exposed to physiological dcEF. This rapid response suggests the involvement of ion channels in the cell membrane. Our large-scale screening method identified several ion channel genes as potential key players, including the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.2. Blocking the Kir channel family with Ba2+ or silencing the Kcnj15 gene, encoding Kir4.2, significantly reduced the directional migration of 3T3 cells. Additionally, the levels of the intracellular regulators of Kir channels, spermine (SPM) and spermidine (SPD), had a significant impact on cell directionality. Interestingly, inhibiting Kir4.2 resulted in the temporary cessation of electrotaxis for approximately 1-2 h before its return. This observation suggests a two-phase mechanism for the electrotaxis of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, where ion channel activation triggers the initial rapid response to dcEF, and the subsequent redistribution of membrane receptors sustains long-term directional movement. In summary, our study unveils the involvement of Kir channels and proposes a biphasic mechanism to explain the electrotactic behaviour of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, shedding light on the molecular underpinnings of electrotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Lasota
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Eliza Zimolag
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jagoda Pilipiuk
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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2
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Sheetal, Kundu S, Thakur S, Singh AK, Singh M, Pani B, Saji VS. A Review of Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring - Fundamentals and Research Updates. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37878408 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2267671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Interculturally, corrosion has been counted as one of the most expensive factors toward the retrogression of concrete and metallic structures resulting in huge monetary losses and unanticipated loss of life. To a large extent, corrosion-related catastrophes can be avoided by having the ability to monitor corrosion before structural integrity is jeopardized. This paper critically reviews the various accustomed electrochemical techniques utilized for corrosion monitoring in terms of their definition, timeline, experimental set-up, advantages, and shortcomings. Additionally, literature exploiting these techniques as their corrosion detection technique has been focused on here. Furthermore, a comparison between recently reported methods has been made to provide better insights into the research progress in this arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheetal Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeeve Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Balaram Pani
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan S Saji
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Bioelectronic medicines: Therapeutic potential and advancements in next-generation cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Zhang Y, Xu G, Wu J, Lee RM, Zhu Z, Sun Y, Zhu K, Losert W, Liao S, Zhang G, Pan T, Xu Z, Lin F, Zhao M. Propagation dynamics of electrotactic motility in large epithelial cell sheets. iScience 2022; 25:105136. [PMID: 36185354 PMCID: PMC9523412 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional migration initiated at the wound edge leads epithelia to migrate in wound healing. How such coherent migration is achieved is not well understood. Here, we used electric fields to induce robust migration of sheets of human keratinocytes and developed an in silico model to characterize initiation and propagation of epithelial collective migration. Electric fields initiate an increase in migration directionality and speed at the leading edge. The increases propagate across the epithelial sheets, resulting in directional migration of cell sheets as coherent units. Both the experimental and in silico models demonstrated vector-like integration of the electric and default directional cues at free edge in space and time. The resultant collective migration is consistent in experiments and modeling, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The keratinocyte model thus faithfully reflects key features of epithelial migration as a coherent tissue in vivo, e.g. that leading cells lead, and that epithelium maintains cell-cell junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Guoqing Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Applied Computer Science, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rachel M. Lee
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zijie Zhu
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yaohui Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Simon Liao
- Department of Applied Computer Science, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Applied Computer Science, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
- Brain Engineering Center, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Single-molecule Detection and Instrument Development, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhengping Xu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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5
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Verdes M, Mace K, Margetts L, Cartmell S. Status and challenges of electrical stimulation use in chronic wound healing. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 75:102710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sheth M, Esfandiari L. Bioelectric Dysregulation in Cancer Initiation, Promotion, and Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846917. [PMID: 35359398 PMCID: PMC8964134 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is primarily a disease of dysregulation – both at the genetic level and at the tissue organization level. One way that tissue organization is dysregulated is by changes in the bioelectric regulation of cell signaling pathways. At the basis of bioelectricity lies the cellular membrane potential or Vmem, an intrinsic property associated with any cell. The bioelectric state of cancer cells is different from that of healthy cells, causing a disruption in the cellular signaling pathways. This disruption or dysregulation affects all three processes of carcinogenesis – initiation, promotion, and progression. Another mechanism that facilitates the homeostasis of cell signaling pathways is the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by cells. EVs also play a role in carcinogenesis by mediating cellular communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, the production and release of EVs is altered in cancer. To this end, the change in cell electrical state and in EV production are responsible for the bioelectric dysregulation which occurs during cancer. This paper reviews the bioelectric dysregulation associated with carcinogenesis, including the TME and metastasis. We also look at the major ion channels associated with cancer and current technologies and tools used to detect and manipulate bioelectric properties of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulee Sheth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Leyla Esfandiari,
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Tabatabaei SA, Mansouri A, Tarokh A, Chini SF. Ionic current magnetic fields in 3D finite-length nanopores and nanoslits. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2022; 137:312. [PMID: 35284202 PMCID: PMC8899798 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encodes all genetic information, and in genetic disorders, DNA sequencing is used as an effective diagnosis. Nanopore/slit is one of the recent and successful tools for DNA sequencing. Passage of DNA along the pores creates non-uniform ionic currents which creates non-uniform electric and magnetic fields, accordingly. Sensing the electric field is usually used for sequencing application. We suggest to use the magnetic field induced by pressure-driven ionic currents as a secondary signal. We systematically compared the induced magnetic field of nanopores and nanoslits with equal cross-sectional area. The 3D magnetic field is numerically obtained by solving the Poisson-Nernst-Planck, Ampere, and Navier-Stokes equations. As expected, the maximum value of the maximum magnetic flux occurs near the wall and inside the channel, and increasing the pressure gradient along the pore/slit increases the flowrate and magnetic field, consequently. At a given pressure difference across the pore/slit, nanopores are better than nanoslits in sensing the magnetic flux. For example, by applying 2 MPa across the pore/slit, the maximum magnetic flux density for nanopore, nanoslit A R = 1 and nanoslit A R = 5 are 1.10 pT, 1.08 pT and 0.45 pT, accordingly. Also, at a given flowrate across the pore/slit, nanoslits are the better choice. It should be noted the external magnetic fields as small as pico-Tesla are detectable and measurable in voltage/pressure driven electrokinetic flow slits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Tabatabaei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Tarokh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON Canada
| | - Seyed Farshid Chini
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Cheah YJ, Buyong MR, Mohd Yunus MH. Wound Healing with Electrical Stimulation Technologies: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3790. [PMID: 34771347 PMCID: PMC8588136 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) is an attractive field among clinicians in the topic of wound healing, which is common yet complicated and requires multidisciplinary approaches. The conventional dressing and skin graft showed no promise on complete wound closure. These urge the need for the exploration of electrical stimulation to supplement current wound care management. This review aims to provide an overview of electrical stimulation in wound healing. The mechanism of galvanotaxis related to wound repair will be reviewed at the cellular and molecular levels. Meanwhile, different modalities of externally applied electricity mimicking a physiologic electric field will be discussed and compared in vitro, in vivo, and clinically. With the emerging of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the integration of electroconductive biomaterials into modern miniaturised dressing is of interest and has become possible with the advancing understanding of smart biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yt Jun Cheah
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56600, Malaysia;
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Heikal Mohd Yunus
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56600, Malaysia;
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9
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Abstract
It has previously been reported that in ex vivo planar explants prepared from Xenopus laevis embryos, the intracellular pH (pHi) increases in cells of the dorsal ectoderm from stage 10.5 to 11.5 (i.e. 11-12.5 hpf). It was proposed that such increases (potentially due to H+ being extruded, sequestered, or buffered in some manner), play a role in regulating neural induction. Here, we used an extracellular ion-selective electrode to non-invasively measure H+ fluxes at eight locations around the equatorial circumference of intact X. laevis embryos between stages 9-12 (˜7-13.25 hpf). We showed that at stages 9-11, there was a small H+ efflux recorded from all the measuring positions. At stage 12 there was a small, but significant, increase in the efflux of H+ from most locations, but the efflux from the dorsal side of the embryo was significantly greater than from the other positions. Embryos were also treated from stages 9-12 with bafilomycin A1, to block the activity of the ATP-driven H+ pump. By stage 22 (24 hpf), these embryos displayed retarded development, arresting before the end of gastrulation and therefore did not display the usual anterior and neural structures, which were observed in the solvent-control embryos. In addition, expression of the early neural gene, Zic3, was absent in treated embryos compared with the solvent controls. Together, our new in vivo data corroborated and extended the earlier explant-derived report describing changes in pHi that were suggested to play a role during neural induction in X. laevis embryos.
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Kim TH, Jeon WY, Ji Y, Park EJ, Yoon DS, Lee NH, Park SM, Mandakhbayar N, Lee JH, Lee HH, Kim HW. Electricity auto-generating skin patch promotes wound healing process by activation of mechanosensitive ion channels. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120948. [PMID: 34157562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electricity constitutes a natural biophysical component that preserves tissue homeostasis and modulates many biological processes, including the repair of damaged tissues. Wound healing involves intricate cellular events, such as inflammation, angiogenesis, matrix synthesis, and epithelialization whereby multiple cell types sense the environmental cues to rebuild the structure and functions. Here, we report that electricity auto-generating glucose-responsive enzymatic-biofuel-cell (EBC) skin patch stimulates the wound healing process. Rat wounded-skin model and in vitro cell cultures showed that EBC accelerated wound healing by modulating inflammation while stimulating angiogenesis, fibroblast fuctionality and matrix synthesis. Of note, EBC-activated cellular bahaviors were linked to the signalings involved with calcium influx, which predominantly dependent on the mechanosensitive ion channels, primarily Piezo1. Inhibition of Piezo1-receptor impaired the EBC-induced key functions of both fibroblasts and endothelial cells in the wound healing. This study highlights the significant roles of electricity played in wound healing through activated mechanosensitive ion channels and the calcium influx, and suggests the possibility of the electricity auto-generating EBC-based skin patch for use as a wound healing device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yong Jeon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseong Ji
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore
| | - Dong Suk Yoon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyun Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kell DB. A protet-based, protonic charge transfer model of energy coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 78:1-177. [PMID: 34147184 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Textbooks of biochemistry will explain that the otherwise endergonic reactions of ATP synthesis can be driven by the exergonic reactions of respiratory electron transport, and that these two half-reactions are catalyzed by protein complexes embedded in the same, closed membrane. These views are correct. The textbooks also state that, according to the chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis, a (or the) kinetically and thermodynamically competent intermediate linking the two half-reactions is the electrochemical difference of protons that is in equilibrium with that between the two bulk phases that the coupling membrane serves to separate. This gradient consists of a membrane potential term Δψ and a pH gradient term ΔpH, and is known colloquially as the protonmotive force or pmf. Artificial imposition of a pmf can drive phosphorylation, but only if the pmf exceeds some 150-170mV; to achieve in vivo rates the imposed pmf must reach 200mV. The key question then is 'does the pmf generated by electron transport exceed 200mV, or even 170mV?' The possibly surprising answer, from a great many kinds of experiment and sources of evidence, including direct measurements with microelectrodes, indicates it that it does not. Observable pH changes driven by electron transport are real, and they control various processes; however, compensating ion movements restrict the Δψ component to low values. A protet-based model, that I outline here, can account for all the necessary observations, including all of those inconsistent with chemiosmotic coupling, and provides for a variety of testable hypotheses by which it might be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative, Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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12
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Analysis of the Differential Gene and Protein Expression Profiles of Corneal Epithelial Cells Stimulated with Alternating Current Electric Fields. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020299. [PMID: 33672614 PMCID: PMC7924190 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In cells, intrinsic endogenous direct current (DC) electric fields (EFs) serve as morphogenetic cues and are necessary for several important cellular responses including activation of multiple signaling pathways, cell migration, tissue regeneration and wound healing. Endogenous DC EFs, generated spontaneously following injury in physiological conditions, directly correlate with wound healing rate, and different cell types respond to these EFs via directional orientation and migration. Application of external DC EFs results in electrode polarity and is known to activate intracellular signaling events in specific direction. In contrast, alternating current (AC) EFs are known to induce continuous bidirectional flow of charged particles without electrode polarity and also minimize electrode corrosion. In this context, the present study is designed to study effects of AC EFs on corneal epithelial cell gene and protein expression profiles in vitro. We performed gene and antibody arrays, analyzed the data to study specific influence of AC EFs, and report that AC EFs has no deleterious effect on epithelial cell function. Gene Ontology results, following gene and protein array data analysis, showed that AC EFs influence similar biological processes that are predominantly responsive to organic substance, chemical, or external stimuli. Both arrays activate cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK and IL-17 signaling pathways. Further, in comparison to the gene array data, the protein array data show enrichment of diverse activated signaling pathways through several interconnecting networks.
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Robinson AJ, Jain A, Sherman HG, Hague RJM, Rahman R, Sanjuan‐Alberte P, Rawson FJ. Toward Hijacking Bioelectricity in Cancer to Develop New Bioelectronic Medicine. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andie J. Robinson
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Akhil Jain
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Harry G. Sherman
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Richard J. M. Hague
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG8 1BB UK
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Paola Sanjuan‐Alberte
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon 1049‐001 Portugal
| | - Frankie J. Rawson
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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14
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Kennard AS, Theriot JA. Osmolarity-independent electrical cues guide rapid response to injury in zebrafish epidermis. eLife 2020; 9:e62386. [PMID: 33225997 PMCID: PMC7721437 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of epithelial tissues to heal after injury is essential for animal life, yet the mechanisms by which epithelial cells sense tissue damage are incompletely understood. In aquatic organisms such as zebrafish, osmotic shock following injury is believed to be an early and potent activator of a wound response. We find that, in addition to sensing osmolarity, basal skin cells in zebrafish larvae are also sensitive to changes in the particular ionic composition of their surroundings after wounding, specifically the concentration of sodium chloride in the immediate vicinity of the wound. This sodium chloride-specific wound detection mechanism is independent of cell swelling, and instead is suggestive of a mechanism by which cells sense changes in the transepithelial electrical potential generated by the transport of sodium and chloride ions across the skin. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that electric fields directly applied within the skin are sufficient to initiate actin polarization and migration of basal cells in their native epithelial context in vivo, even overriding endogenous wound signaling. This suggests that, in order to mount a robust wound response, skin cells respond to both osmotic and electrical perturbations arising from tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Kennard
- Biophysics Program, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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15
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Li M, Wang X, Rajagopalan P, Zhang L, Zhan S, Huang S, Li W, Zeng X, Ye Q, Liu Y, Zhong K, Kim JM, Luo J, Dong S, Gu R, Wang X, Tan WQ. Toward Controlled Electrical Stimulation for Wound Healing Based on a Precision Layered Skin Model. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8901-8910. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Li
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province PR China
| | - Pandey Rajagopalan
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shijie Zhan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Shuyi Huang
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiangyu Zeng
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qikai Ye
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yulu Liu
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Jikui Luo
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shurong Dong
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rongcheng Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province PR China
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16
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Li L, Hu C, Lu C, Zhang K, Han R, Lin C, Zhao S, A C, Cheng C, Zhao M, He Y. Applied electric fields suppress osimertinib-induced cytotoxicity via inhibiting FOXO3a nuclear translocation through AKT activation. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:600-610. [PMID: 31504249 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor against T790M-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Acquired resistance to osimertinib is a growing clinical challenge that is not fully understood. Endogenous electric fields (EFs), components of the tumor microenvironment, are associated with cancer cell migration and proliferation. However, the impact of EFs on drug efficiency has not been studied. In this study, we observed that EFs counteracted the effects of osimertinib. EFs of 100 mV/mm suppressed osimertinib-induced cell death and promoted cell proliferation. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the expression pattern induced by osimertinib was altered by EFs stimulation. KEGG analysis showed that differential expression genes were mostly enriched in PI3K-AKT pathway. Then, we found that osimertinib inhibited AKT phosphorylation, while EFs stimulation resulted in significant activation of AKT, which could override the effects generated by osimertinib. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/AKT by LY294002 diminished EF-induced activation of AKT and restored the cytotoxicity of osimertinib suppressed by EFs, which proved that AKT activation was essential for EFs to attenuate the efficacy of osimertinib. Furthermore, activation of AKT by EFs led to phosphorylation of forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), and reduction in nuclear translocation of FOXO3a induced by osimertinib, resulting in decreased expression of Bim and attenuated cytotoxicity of osimertinib. Taken together, we demonstrated that EFs suppressed the antitumor activity of osimertinib through AKT/FOXO3a/Bim pathway, and combination of PI3K/AKT inhibitor with osimertinib counteracted the effects of EFs. Our findings provided preliminary data for therapeutic strategies to enhance osimertinib efficacy in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Conghua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kejun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sanjun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunxian A
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Li A, Zhou J, Widelitz RB, Chow RH, Chuong CM. Integrating Bioelectrical Currents and Ca 2+ Signaling with Biochemical Signaling in Development and Pathogenesis. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:210-220. [PMID: 34476353 PMCID: PMC8370337 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Roles of bioelectrical signals are increasingly recognized in excitable and nonexcitable non-neural tissues. Diverse ion-selective channels, pumps, and gap junctions participate in bioelectrical signaling, including those transporting calcium ions (Ca2+). Ca2+ is the most versatile transported ion, because it serves as an electrical charge carrier and a biochemical regulator for multiple molecular binding, enzyme, and transcription activities. We aspire to learn how bioelectrical signals crosstalk to biochemical/biomechanical signals. In this study, we review four recent studies showing how bioelectrical currents and Ca2+ signaling affect collective dermal cell migration during feather bud elongation, affect chondrogenic differentiation in limb development, couple with mechanical tension in aligning gut smooth muscle, and affect mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle atrophy. We observe bioelectrical signals involved in several developmental and pathological conditions in chickens and mice at multiple spatial scales: cellular, cellular collective, and subcellular. These examples inspire novel concept and approaches for future basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Randall B. Widelitz
- Department of Pathology and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert H. Chow
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Electric Fields at Breast Cancer and Cancer Cell Collective Galvanotaxis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8712. [PMID: 32457381 PMCID: PMC7250931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer growth interferes with local ionic environments, membrane potentials, and transepithelial potentials, resulting in small electrical changes in the tumor microenvironment. Electrical fields (EFs) have significant effects on cancer cell migration (galvanotaxis/electrotaxis), however, their role as a regulator of cancer progression and metastasis is poorly understood. Here, we employed unique probe systems to characterize the electrical properties of cancer cells and their migratory ability under an EF. Subcutaneous tumors were established from a triple-negative murine breast cancer cell line (4T1), electric currents and potentials of tumors were measured using vibrating probe and glass microelectrodes, respectively. Steady outward and inward currents could be detected at different positions on the tumor surface and magnitudes of the electric currents on the tumor surface strongly correlated with tumor weights. Potential measurements also showed the non-homogeneous intratumor electric potentials. Cancer cell migration was then surveyed in the presence of EFs in vitro. Parental 4T1 cells and metastatic sublines in isolation showed random migration in EFs of physiological strength, whereas cells in monolayer migrated collectively to the anode. Our data contribute to an improved understanding of breast cancer metastasis, providing new evidence in support of an electrical mechanism that promotes this phenomenon.
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19
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Ferreira F, Luxardi G, Reid B, Ma L, Raghunathan V, Zhao M. Real-time physiological measurements of oxygen using a non-invasive self-referencing optical fiber microsensor. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:207-235. [PMID: 31925402 PMCID: PMC7980673 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive molecular oxygen (O2) plays important roles in bioenergetics and metabolism and is implicated in biochemical pathways underlying angiogenesis, fertilization, wound healing and regeneration. Here we describe how to use the scanning micro-optrode technique (SMOT) to measure extracellular fluxes of dissolved O2. The self-referencing O2-specific micro-optrode (also termed micro-optode and optical fiber microsensor) is a tapered optical fiber with an O2-sensitive fluorophore coated onto the tip. The O2 concentration is quantified by fluorescence quenching of the fluorophore emission upon excitation with blue-green light. The micro-optrode presents high spatial and temporal resolutions with improved signal-to-noise ratio (in the picomole range). In this protocol, we provide step-by-step instructions for micro-optrode calibration, validation, example applications and data analysis. We describe how to use the technique for cells (Xenopus oocyte), tissues (Xenopus epithelium and rat cornea), organs (Xenopus gills and mouse skin) and appendages (Xenopus tail), and provide recommendations on how to adapt the approach to different model systems. The basic, user-friendly system presented here can be readily installed to reliably and accurately measure physiological O2 fluxes in a wide spectrum of biological models and physiological responses. The full protocol can be performed in ~4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Guillaume Luxardi
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - VijayKrishna Raghunathan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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20
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Jeong J, Kim JY, Hong H, Wangemann P, Marcus DC, Jung J, Choi JY, Kim SH. P2RX2 and P2RX4 receptors mediate cation absorption in transitional cells and supporting cells of the utricular macula. Hear Res 2019; 386:107860. [PMID: 31869657 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic receptors protect the cochlea during high-intensity stimulation by providing a parallel shunt pathway through non-sensory neighboring epithelial cells for cation absorption. So far, there is no direct functional evidence for the presence and type/subunit of purinergic receptors in the utricle of the vestibular labyrinth. The goal of the present study was to investigate which purinergic receptors are expressed and carry cation-absorption currents in the utricular transitional cells and macula. Purinergic agonists induced cation-absorption currents with a potency order of ATP > bzATP = αβmeATP ≫ ADP = UTP = UDP. ATP and bzATP are full agonists, whereas αβmeATP is a partial agonist. ATP-induced currents were partially inhibited by 100 μM suramin, 10 μM pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azo-(benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid (PPADS), or 5 μM 5-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzofuro[3,2-e]-1, 4-diazepin-2-one (5-BDBD), and almost completely blocked by 100 μM Gd3+ or by a combination of 10 μM PPADS and 5 μM 5-BDBD. Expression of the P2RX2 and P2RX4 receptor was detected by immunocytochemistry in transitional cells and macular supporting cells. This is the first study to demonstrate that ATP induces cation currents carried by a combination of P2RX2 and P2RX4 in utricular transitional and macular epithelial cells, and supporting the hypothesis that purinergic receptors protect utricular hair cells during elevated stimulus intensity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Institute for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Philine Wangemann
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5802, USA
| | - Daniel C Marcus
- Cellular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5802, USA
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Huhn Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Snihirova D, Lamaka S, Gonzalez-Garcia Y, Yilmaz A, Scharnagl N, Montemor M, Zheludkevich M. Influence of inhibitor adsorption on readings of microelectrode during SVET measurements. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Keratinocyte electrotaxis induced by physiological pulsed direct current electric fields. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 127:113-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Sun Y, Reid B, Ferreira F, Luxardi G, Ma L, Lokken KL, Zhu K, Xu G, Sun Y, Ryzhuk V, Guo BP, Lebrilla CB, Maverakis E, Mogilner A, Zhao M. Infection-generated electric field in gut epithelium drives bidirectional migration of macrophages. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000044. [PMID: 30964858 PMCID: PMC6456179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens hijack macrophages to egress from the port of entry to the lymphatic drainage and/or bloodstream, causing dissemination of life-threatening infections. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report that Salmonella infection generates directional electric fields (EFs) in the follicle-associated epithelium of mouse cecum. In vitro application of an EF, mimicking the infection-generated electric field (IGEF), induces directional migration of primary mouse macrophages to the anode, which is reversed to the cathode upon Salmonella infection. This infection-dependent directional switch is independent of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) type III secretion system. The switch is accompanied by a reduction of sialic acids on glycosylated surface components during phagocytosis of bacteria, which is absent in macrophages challenged by microspheres. Moreover, enzymatic cleavage of terminally exposed sialic acids reduces macrophage surface negativity and severely impairs directional migration of macrophages in response to an EF. Based on these findings, we propose that macrophages are attracted to the site of infection by a combination of chemotaxis and galvanotaxis; after phagocytosis of bacteria, surface electrical properties of the macrophage change, and galvanotaxis directs the cells away from the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Sun
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Guillaume Luxardi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristen L. Lokken
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Volodymyr Ryzhuk
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Betty P. Guo
- Office of Research, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
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24
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Tang P, Han L, Li P, Jia Z, Wang K, Zhang H, Tan H, Guo T, Lu X. Mussel-Inspired Electroactive and Antioxidative Scaffolds with Incorporation of Polydopamine-Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhancing Skin Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7703-7714. [PMID: 30714361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wound repair and tissue regeneration are complex processes that involve many physiological signals. Thus, employing novel wound dressings with potent biological activity and physiological signal response ability to accelerate wound healing is a possible solution. Herein, inspired by mussel chemistry, we developed a polydopamine (PDA)-reduced graphene oxide (pGO)-incorporated chitosan (CS) and silk fibroin (SF) (pGO-CS/SF) scaffold with good mechanical, electroactive, and antioxidative properties as an efficient wound dressing. First, pGO with good dispersibility and cell affinity was obtained upon reduction by PDA under alkali conditions. Second, pGO was dispersed into a CS/SF mixture, and then CS and SF chains were dual-cross-linked by poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and glutaraldehyde to obtain a pGO-incorporated gel. Finally, the gel underwent a freeze-dry process to obtain the pGO-CS/SF scaffold. Owing to PDA reduction and functionalization, pGO in the scaffold plays important roles for the performances of the scaffolds. First, the pGO acts as nanoreinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of the scaffold by combining the dual-cross-linked CS/SF network. Second, the uniformly distributed pGO in the scaffolds comprises a well-connected electric pathway, which can provide a channel for the transmission of electrical signals in the scaffold. Moreover, pGO in the scaffolds serves as an antioxidant agent to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and therefore terminates excessive ROS oxidation. In vitro studies show that electroactive pGO-CS/SF scaffolds can respond to electrical signals and promote cytological behavior. In addition, the pGO-CS/SF scaffolds can reduce cellular oxidation by removing excessive ROS. The in vivo full-thickness skin defect model demonstrates that the electroactive and antioxidative pGO-CS/SF scaffold can efficiently enhance wound healing. In summary, the pGO-CS/SF scaffold is a promising wound dressing because of its ability to promote physiological electrical signal transmission for cell growth and reduce ROS oxidation, resulting in an improved wound regeneration effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Tang
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
| | - Zhanrong Jia
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Genome Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest University of Science and Technology , Mianyang , Sichuan 621010 , China
| | - Hui Tan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518035 , China
| | - Tailin Guo
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610031 , China
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25
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Calcium oscillations coordinate feather mesenchymal cell movement by SHH dependent modulation of gap junction networks. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5377. [PMID: 30560870 PMCID: PMC6299091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration mediates multiple tissue morphogenesis processes. Yet how multi-dimensional mesenchymal cell movements are coordinated remains mostly unknown. Here we report that coordinated mesenchymal cell migration during chicken feather elongation is accompanied by dynamic changes of bioelectric currents. Transcriptome profiling and functional assays implicate contributions from functional voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), Connexin-43 based gap junctions, and Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. 4-Dimensional Ca2+ imaging reveals that the Sonic hedgehog-responsive mesenchymal cells display synchronized Ca2+ oscillations, which expand progressively in area during feather elongation. Inhibiting VGCCs, gap junctions, or Sonic hedgehog signaling alters the mesenchymal Ca2+ landscape, cell movement patterns and feather bud elongation. Ca2+ oscillations induced by cyclic activation of opto-cCRAC channels enhance feather bud elongation. Functional disruption experiments and promoter analysis implicate synergistic Hedgehog and WNT/β-Catenin signaling in activating Connexin-43 expression, establishing gap junction networks synchronizing the Ca2+ profile among cells, thereby coordinating cell movement patterns. The molecular mechanisms regulating mesenchymal cell movements are unclear. Here, the authors show in chicken feather elongation that SHH/WNT signalling establishes gap-junctions, enabling synchronized Ca2 + oscillations to emerge for and in turn coordinating directed cell migration.
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Yan T, Jiang X, Lin G, Tang D, Zhang J, Guo X, Zhang D, Zhang Q, Jia J, Huang Y. Autophagy is required for the directed motility of keratinocytes driven by electric fields. FASEB J 2018; 33:3922-3935. [PMID: 30509146 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801294r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous wound electric fields (EFs), an important and fundamental occurrence of wound healing, profoundly influence the directed migration of keratinocytes. Although numerous studies have unveiled the signals responsible for EF-biased direction, the mechanisms by which EFs promote keratinocyte motility remains to be elucidated. In our study, EFs enhanced the directed migratory speed of keratinocytes by inducing autophagic activity, thereby facilitating skin barrier restoration. Initially, we found that electrical signals directed keratinocytes to the cathode with enhanced motility parameters [ i.e., trajectory distance, trajectory speed, displacement distance, and displacement speed ( Td/ t)] and more efficient migration (directionality and Td/ t along the x axis, among others). Meanwhile, EFs induced a time-dependent increase in autophagic activity in keratinocytes, with constant autophagic flux, accompanied by increased transcription of numerous autophagy-related genes. Deficiency in Atg5, a key protein necessary for autophagosome formation, led to significant reduction of autophagy, which was accompanied by a substantial reduction in EF-stimulated directed motility. These results demonstrated a causal relationship between autophagy and EF-directed migratory speed. In addition, both cell migration under normal conditions and EF-biased directionality were autophagy independent. Thus, our findings define autophagy as an important functional regulator of electrically enhanced directed motility, adding to a growing understanding of EFs.-Yan, T., Jiang, X., Lin, G., Tang, D., Zhang, J., Guo, X., Zhang, D., Zhang, Q., Jia, J., Huang, Y. Autophagy is required for the directed motility of keratinocytes driven by electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Yan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Military Burn Center, the 990th (159th) Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Zhumadian, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guoan Lin
- Military Burn Center, the 990th (159th) Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Zhumadian, China
| | - Di Tang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the 205th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiezhi Jia
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Dedic C, Hung TS, Shipley AM, Maeda A, Gardella T, Miller AL, Divieti Pajevic P, Kunkel JG, Rubinacci A. Calcium fluxes at the bone/plasma interface: Acute effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and targeted deletion of PTH/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor in the osteocytes. Bone 2018; 116:135-143. [PMID: 30053608 PMCID: PMC6158063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]) in the systemic extracellular fluid, ECF-[Ca2+], is maintained around a genetically predetermined set-point, which combines the operational level of the kidney and bone/ECF interfaces. The ECF-[Ca2+] is maintained within a narrow oscillation range by the regulatory action of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Calcitonin, FGF-23, and 1,25(OH)2D3. This model implies two correction mechanisms, i.e. tubular Ca2+ reabsorption and osteoclast Ca2+ resorption. Although their alterations have an effect on the ECF-[Ca2+] maintenance, they cannot fully account for rapid correction of the continuing perturbations of plasma [Ca2+], which occur daily in life. The existence of Ca2+ fluxes at quiescent bone surfaces fulfills the role of a short-term error correction mechanism in Ca2+ homeostasis. To explore the hypothesis that PTH regulates the cell system responsible for the fast Ca2+ fluxes at the bone/ECF interface, we have performed direct real-time measurements of Ca2+ fluxes at the surface of ex-vivo metatarsal bones maintained in physiological conditions mimicking ECF, and exposed to PTH. To further characterize whether the PTH receptor on osteocytes is a critical component of the minute-to-minute ECF-[Ca2+] regulation, metatarsal bones from mice lacking the PTH receptor in these cells were tested ex vivo for rapid Ca2+ exchange. We performed direct real-time measurements of Ca2+ fluxes and concentration gradients by a scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET). To validate ex vivo measurements, we also evaluated acute calcemic response to PTH in vivo in mice lacking PTH receptors in osteocytes vs littermate controls. Our data demonstrated that Ca2+ fluxes at the bone-ECF interface in excised bones as well as acute calcemic response in the short-term were unaffected by PTH exposure and its signaling through its receptor in osteocytes. Rapid minute-to-minute regulation of the ECF-[Ca2+] was found to be independent of PTH actions on osteocytes. Similarly, mice lacking PTH receptor in osteocytes, responded to PTH challenge with similar calcemic increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dedic
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tin Shing Hung
- Division of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Akira Maeda
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Chugai Pharmaceutical, Japan
| | | | - Andrew L Miller
- Division of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph G Kunkel
- Pickus Center for Biomedical Research, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
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Tai G, Tai M, Zhao M. Electrically stimulated cell migration and its contribution to wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2018; 6:20. [PMID: 30003115 PMCID: PMC6036678 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-018-0123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring electric fields are known to be morphogenetic cues and associated with growth and healing throughout mammalian and amphibian animals and the plant kingdom. Electricity in animals was discovered in the eighteenth century. Electric fields activate multiple cellular signaling pathways such as PI3K/PTEN, the membrane channel of KCNJ15/Kir4.2 and intracellular polyamines. These pathways are involved in the sensing of physiological electric fields, directional cell migration (galvanotaxis, also known as electrotaxis), and possibly other cellular responses. Importantly, electric fields provide a dominant and over-riding signal that directs cell migration. Electrical stimulation could be a promising therapeutic method in promoting wound healing and activating regeneration of chronic and non-healing wounds. This review provides an update of the physiological role of electric fields, its cellular and molecular mechanisms, its potential therapeutic value, and questions that still await answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Tai
- 1Centre of Advanced Biofabrication, Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences, Hefei University, Hefei City, China
| | - Michael Tai
- 2St Catherine's College, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UJ UK
| | - Min Zhao
- 3Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817 USA
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Li L, Zhang K, Lu C, Sun Q, Zhao S, Jiao L, Han R, Lin C, Jiang J, Zhao M, He Y. Caveolin-1-mediated STAT3 activation determines electrotaxis of human lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95741-95754. [PMID: 29221162 PMCID: PMC5707056 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of cancer cells leads to the invasion of distant organs by primary tumors. Further, endogenous electric fields (EFs) in the tumor microenvironment direct the migration of lung cancer cells by a process referred to as electrotaxis – although the precise mechanism remains unclear. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that is associated with directional cell migration and lung cancer invasion; however, its precise role in lung cancer electrotaxis is unknown. In the present study, we first detected outward electric currents on the tumor body surface in lung cancer xenografts using a highly-sensitive vibrating probe. Next, we found that highly-metastatic H1650-M3 cells migrated directionally to the cathode. In addition, reversal of the EF polarity reversed the direction of migration. Mechanistically, EFs activated Cav-1 and the downstream signaling molecule STAT3. RNA interference of Cav-1 reduced directional cell migration, which was accompanied by dampened STAT3 activation. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 significantly reduced the electrotactic response, while rescue of STAT3 activation in Cav-1 knock-down cells restored electrotaxis. Taken together, these results suggest that endogenous EFs in the tumor micro-environment might play an important role in lung cancer metastasis by guiding cell migration through a Cav-1/STAT3-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Kejun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Conghua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Sanjun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Caiyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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Measuring Spatial and Temporal Oxygen Flux Near Plant Tissues Using a Self-Referencing Optrode. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28871551 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7292-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-referencing optrodic microsensing is a noninvasive method for measuring oxygen transport into/from tissues. The sensing mechanism is based on fluorescence quenching by molecular oxygen at the tip of a fiber-optic probe, and facilitates microscale spatial mapping and continuous monitoring at 100-350 mHz sampling frequency. Over the last decade, this technique has been applied for plant tissues, including roots, seeds, leaves, and flowers in both liquid and air. Here, we describe the operating principle of self-referencing optrodic microsensing for the study of plant tissues with a specific focus on juvenile roots.
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32
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Measurement of ion fluxes across epithelia. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 127:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Streaming current magnetic fields in a charged nanopore. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36771. [PMID: 27833119 PMCID: PMC5105061 DOI: 10.1038/srep36771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic fields induced by currents created in pressure driven flows inside a solid-state charged nanopore were modeled by numerically solving a system of steady state continuum partial differential equations, i.e., Poisson, Nernst-Planck, Ampere and Navier-Stokes equations (PNPANS). This analysis was based on non-dimensional transport governing equations that were scaled using Debye length as the characteristic length scale, and applied to a finite length cylindrical nano-channel. The comparison of numerical and analytical studies shows an excellent agreement and verified the magnetic fields density both inside and outside the nanopore. The radially non-uniform currents resulted in highly non-uniform magnetic fields within the nanopore that decay as 1/r outside the nanopore. It is worth noting that for either streaming currents or streaming potential cases, the maximum magnetic field occurred inside the pore in the vicinity of nanopore wall, as opposed to a cylindrical conductor that carries a steady electric current where the maximum magnetic fields occur at the perimeter of conductor. Based on these results, it is suggested and envisaged that non-invasive external magnetic fields readouts generated by streaming/ionic currents may be viewed as secondary electronic signatures of biomolecules to complement and enhance current DNA nanopore sequencing techniques.
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Ferreira F, Luxardi G, Reid B, Zhao M. Early bioelectric activities mediate redox-modulated regeneration. Development 2016; 143:4582-4594. [PMID: 27827821 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electric currents modulate regeneration; however, the interplay between biochemical and biophysical signals during regeneration remains poorly understood. We investigate the interactions between redox and bioelectric activities during tail regeneration in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. We show that inhibition of NADPH oxidase-mediated production of ROS, or scavenging or blocking their diffusion into cells, impairs regeneration and consistently regulates the dynamics of membrane potential, transepithelial potential (TEP) and electric current densities (JI) during regeneration. Depletion of ROS mimics the altered TEP and JI observed in the non-regenerative refractory period. Short-term application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) rescues (from depleted ROS) and induces (from the refractory period) regeneration, TEP increase and JI reversal. H2O2 is therefore necessary for and sufficient to induce regeneration and to regulate TEP and JI Epistasis assays show that voltage-gated Na+ channels act downstream of H2O2 to modulate regeneration. Altogether, these results suggest a novel mechanism for regeneration via redox-bioelectric orchestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA .,Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Braga 4710, Portugal
| | - Guillaume Luxardi
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA .,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
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35
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Shen Y, Pfluger T, Ferreira F, Liang J, Navedo MF, Zeng Q, Reid B, Zhao M. Diabetic cornea wounds produce significantly weaker electric signals that may contribute to impaired healing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26525. [PMID: 27283241 PMCID: PMC4901296 DOI: 10.1038/srep26525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wounds naturally produce electric signals which serve as powerful cues that stimulate and guide cell migration during wound healing. In diabetic patients, impaired wound healing is one of the most challenging complications in diabetes management. A fundamental gap in knowledge is whether diabetic wounds have abnormal electric signaling. Here we used a vibrating probe to demonstrate that diabetic corneas produced significantly weaker wound electric signals than the normal cornea. This was confirmed in three independent animal models of diabetes: db/db, streptozotocin-induced and mice fed a high-fat diet. Spatial measurements illustrated that diabetic cornea wound currents at the wound edge but not wound center were significantly weaker than normal. Time lapse measurements revealed that the electric currents at diabetic corneas lost the normal rising and plateau phases. The abnormal electric signals correlated significantly with impaired wound healing. Immunostaining suggested lower expression of chloride channel 2 and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator in diabetic corneal epithelium. Acute high glucose exposure significantly (albeit moderately) reduced electrotaxis of human corneal epithelial cells in vitro, but did not affect the electric currents at cornea wounds. These data suggest that weaker wound electric signals and impaired electrotaxis may contribute to the impaired wound healing in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Shen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Trisha Pfluger
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jiebing Liang
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Qunli Zeng
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Bastos A, Quevedo M, Ferreira M. Preliminary research on the use of SVET in non-aqueous media. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cao L, Pu J, Scott RH, Ching J, McCaig CD. Physiological electrical signals promote chain migration of neuroblasts by up-regulating P2Y1 purinergic receptors and enhancing cell adhesion. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 11:75-86. [PMID: 25096637 PMCID: PMC4333314 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblasts migrate as directed chains of cells during development and following brain damage. A fuller understanding of the mechanisms driving this will help define its developmental significance and in the refinement of strategies for brain repair using transplanted stem cells. Recently, we reported that in adult mouse there are ionic gradients within the extracellular spaces that create an electrical field (EF) within the rostral migratory stream (RMS), and that this acts as a guidance cue for neuroblast migration. Here, we demonstrate an endogenous EF in brain slices and show that mimicking this by applying an EF of physiological strength, switches on chain migration in mouse neurospheres and in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Firstly, we detected a substantial endogenous EF of 31.8 ± 4.5 mV/mm using microelectrode recordings from explants of the subventricular zone (SVZ). Pharmacological inhibition of this EF, effectively blocked chain migration in 3D cultures of SVZ explants. To mimic this EF, we applied a physiological EF and found that this increased the expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin, both of which promote cell-cell adhesion. Intriguingly, we found that the EF up-regulated P2Y purinoceptor 1 (P2Y1) to contribute to chain migration of neuroblasts through regulating the expression of N-cadherin, β-catenin and the activation of PKC. Our results indicate that the naturally occurring EF in brain serves as a novel stimulant and directional guidance cue for neuronal chain migration, via up-regulation of P2Y1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Jin Pu
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Roderick H. Scott
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Jared Ching
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Colin D. McCaig
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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Baer ML, Henderson SC, Colello RJ. Elucidating the Role of Injury-Induced Electric Fields (EFs) in Regulating the Astrocytic Response to Injury in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142740. [PMID: 26562295 PMCID: PMC4643040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) induces astrocytes to change their morphology, to increase their rate of proliferation, and to display directional migration to the injury site, all to facilitate repair. These astrocytic responses to injury occur in a clear temporal sequence and, by their intensity and duration, can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the repair of damaged CNS tissue. Studies on highly regenerative tissues in non-mammalian vertebrates have demonstrated that the intensity of direct-current extracellular electric fields (EFs) at the injury site, which are 50-100 fold greater than in uninjured tissue, represent a potent signal to drive tissue repair. In contrast, a 10-fold EF increase has been measured in many injured mammalian tissues where limited regeneration occurs. As the astrocytic response to CNS injury is crucial to the reparative outcome, we exposed purified rat cortical astrocytes to EF intensities associated with intact and injured mammalian tissues, as well as to those EF intensities measured in regenerating non-mammalian vertebrate tissues, to determine whether EFs may contribute to the astrocytic injury response. Astrocytes exposed to EF intensities associated with uninjured tissue showed little change in their cellular behavior. However, astrocytes exposed to EF intensities associated with injured tissue showed a dramatic increase in migration and proliferation. At EF intensities associated with regenerating non-mammalian vertebrate tissues, these cellular responses were even more robust and included morphological changes consistent with a regenerative phenotype. These findings suggest that endogenous EFs may be a crucial signal for regulating the astrocytic response to injury and that their manipulation may be a novel target for facilitating CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Baer
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Scott C. Henderson
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Raymond J. Colello
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Saltukoglu D, Grünewald J, Strohmeyer N, Bensch R, Ulbrich MH, Ronneberger O, Simons M. Spontaneous and electric field-controlled front-rear polarization of human keratinocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4373-86. [PMID: 26424799 PMCID: PMC4666133 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-12-1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that electrical fields (EFs) are able to influence the direction of migrating cells, a process commonly referred to as electrotaxis or galvanotaxis. Most studies have focused on migrating cells equipped with an existing polarity before EF application, making it difficult to delineate EF-specific pathways. Here we study the initial events in front-rear organization of spreading keratinocytes to dissect the molecular requirements for random and EF-controlled polarization. We find that Arp2/3-dependent protrusive forces and Rac1/Cdc42 activity were generally required for both forms of polarization but were dispensable for controlling the direction of EF-controlled polarization. By contrast, we found a crucial role for extracellular pH as well as G protein coupled-receptor (GPCR) or purinergic signaling in the control of directionality. The normal direction of polarization toward the cathode was reverted by lowering extracellular pH. Polarization toward the anode was also seen at neutral pH when GPCR or purinergic signaling was inhibited. However, the stepwise increase of extracellular pH in this scenario led to restoration of cathodal polarization. Overall our work puts forward a model in which the EF uses distinct polarization pathways. The cathodal pathway involves GPCR/purinergic signaling and is dominant over the anodal pathway at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Saltukoglu
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Grünewald
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nico Strohmeyer
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bensch
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Institute for Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian H Ulbrich
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Institute of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ronneberger
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Institute for Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matias Simons
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
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40
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Levin M. Molecular bioelectricity: how endogenous voltage potentials control cell behavior and instruct pattern regulation in vivo. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 25:3835-50. [PMID: 25425556 PMCID: PMC4244194 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-12-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to biochemical gradients and transcriptional networks, cell behavior is regulated by endogenous bioelectrical cues originating in the activity of ion channels and pumps, operating in a wide variety of cell types. Instructive signals mediated by changes in resting potential control proliferation, differentiation, cell shape, and apoptosis of stem, progenitor, and somatic cells. Of importance, however, cells are regulated not only by their own Vmem but also by the Vmem of their neighbors, forming networks via electrical synapses known as gap junctions. Spatiotemporal changes in Vmem distribution among nonneural somatic tissues regulate pattern formation and serve as signals that trigger limb regeneration, induce eye formation, set polarity of whole-body anatomical axes, and orchestrate craniofacial patterning. New tools for tracking and functionally altering Vmem gradients in vivo have identified novel roles for bioelectrical signaling and revealed the molecular pathways by which Vmem changes are transduced into cascades of downstream gene expression. Because channels and gap junctions are gated posttranslationally, bioelectrical networks have their own characteristic dynamics that do not reduce to molecular profiling of channel expression (although they couple functionally to transcriptional networks). The recent data provide an exciting opportunity to crack the bioelectric code, and learn to program cellular activity at the level of organs, not only cell types. The understanding of how patterning information is encoded in bioelectrical networks, which may require concepts from computational neuroscience, will have transformative implications for embryogenesis, regeneration, cancer, and synthetic bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Biology Department, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155-4243
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41
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Gao R, Zhao S, Jiang X, Sun Y, Zhao S, Gao J, Borleis J, Willard S, Tang M, Cai H, Kamimura Y, Huang Y, Jiang J, Huang Z, Mogilner A, Pan T, Devreotes PN, Zhao M. A large-scale screen reveals genes that mediate electrotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra50. [PMID: 26012633 PMCID: PMC4470479 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Directional cell migration in an electric field, a phenomenon called galvanotaxis or electrotaxis, occurs in many types of cells, and may play an important role in wound healing and development. Small extracellular electric fields can guide the migration of amoeboid cells, and we established a large-scale screening approach to search for mutants with electrotaxis phenotypes from a collection of 563 Dictyostelium discoideum strains with morphological defects. We identified 28 strains that were defective in electrotaxis and 10 strains with a slightly higher directional response. Using plasmid rescue followed by gene disruption, we identified some of the mutated genes, including some previously implicated in chemotaxis. Among these, we studied PiaA, which encodes a critical component of TORC2, a kinase protein complex that transduces changes in motility by activating the kinase PKB (also known as Akt). Furthermore, we found that electrotaxis was decreased in mutants lacking gefA, rasC, rip3, lst8, or pkbR1, genes that encode other components of the TORC2-PKB pathway. Thus, we have developed a high-throughput screening technique that will be a useful tool to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of electrotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runchi Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China. Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA. Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Siwei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xupin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yaohui Sun
- Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sanjun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China. Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China. Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jane Borleis
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stacey Willard
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Huaqing Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yoichiro Kamimura
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, 251 Mercer Street, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter N Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA.
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42
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Funk RHW. Endogenous electric fields as guiding cue for cell migration. Front Physiol 2015; 6:143. [PMID: 26029113 PMCID: PMC4429568 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers two topics: (1) "membrane potential of low magnitude and related electric fields (bioelectricity)" and (2) "cell migration under the guiding cue of electric fields (EF)."Membrane potentials for this "bioelectricity" arise from the segregation of charges by special molecular machines (pumps, transporters, ion channels) situated within the plasma membrane of each cell type (including eukaryotic non-neural animal cells). The arising patterns of ion gradients direct many cell- and molecular biological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing, regeneration. Furthermore, EF are important as guiding cues for cell migration and are often overriding chemical or topographic cues. In osteoblasts, for instance, the directional information of EF is captured by charged transporters on the cell membrane and transferred into signaling mechanisms that modulate the cytoskeleton and motor proteins. This results in a persistent directional migration along an EF guiding cue. As an outlook, we discuss questions concerning the fluctuation of EF and the frequencies and mapping of the "electric" interior of the cell. Another exciting topic for further research is the modeling of field concepts for such distant, non-chemical cellular interactions.
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Luxardi G, Reid B, Ferreira F, Maillard P, Zhao M. Measurement of extracellular ion fluxes using the ion-selective self-referencing microelectrode technique. J Vis Exp 2015:e52782. [PMID: 25993490 DOI: 10.3791/52782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells from animals, plants and single cells are enclosed by a barrier called the cell membrane that separates the cytoplasm from the outside. Cell layers such as epithelia also form a barrier that separates the inside from the outside or different compartments of multicellular organisms. A key feature of these barriers is the differential distribution of ions across cell membranes or cell layers. Two properties allow this distribution: 1) membranes and epithelia display selective permeability to specific ions; 2) ions are transported through pumps across cell membranes and cell layers. These properties play crucial roles in maintaining tissue physiology and act as signaling cues after damage, during repair, or under pathological condition. The ion-selective self-referencing microelectrode allows measurements of specific fluxes of ions such as calcium, potassium or sodium at single cell and tissue levels. The microelectrode contains an ionophore cocktail which is selectively permeable to a specific ion. The internal filling solution contains a set concentration of the ion of interest. The electric potential of the microelectrode is determined by the outside concentration of the ion. As the ion concentration varies, the potential of the microelectrode changes as a function of the log of the ion activity. When moved back and forth near a source or sink of the ion (i.e. in a concentration gradient due to ion flux) the microelectrode potential fluctuates at an amplitude proportional to the ion flux/gradient. The amplifier amplifies the microelectrode signal and the output is recorded on computer. The ion flux can then be calculated by Fick's law of diffusion using the electrode potential fluctuation, the excursion of microelectrode, and other parameters such as the specific ion mobility. In this paper, we describe in detail the methodology to measure extracellular ion fluxes using the ion-selective self-referencing microelectrode and present some representative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Luxardi
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis;
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis; Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho
| | - Pauline Maillard
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis; Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis
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Mata D, Oliveira FJ, Neto MA, Belmonte M, Bastos AC, Lopes MA, Gomes PS, Fernandes MH, Silva RF. Smart electroconductive bioactive ceramics to promote in situ electrostimulation of bone. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1831-1845. [PMID: 32262256 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials can still be reinvented to become simple and universal bone regeneration solutions. Following this roadmap, conductive CNT-based "smart" materials accumulate exciting grafting qualities for tuning the in vitro cellular phenotype. Biphasic electrical stimulation of human osteoblastic cells was performed in vitro on either dielectric bioactive bone grafts or conductive CNT-reinforced composites. The efficiency of the electrical stimuli delivery, as well as the effect of stimulation on cellular functions were investigated. Conductive substrates boosted the local culture medium conductivity and the confinement of the exogenous electrical fields. Hence, bone cell proliferation, DNA content and mRNA expression were maximized on the conductive substrates yielding superior stimuli delivering efficiency over dielectric ones. These findings are suggestive that bioactive bone grafts with electrical conductivity are capable of high spatial and temporal control of bone cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Mata
- CICECO, Materials and Ceramic Eng. Dept., Univ. of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Levin M. Endogenous bioelectrical networks store non-genetic patterning information during development and regeneration. J Physiol 2015; 592:2295-305. [PMID: 24882814 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.271940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern formation, as occurs during embryogenesis or regeneration, is the crucial link between genotype and the functions upon which selection operates. Even cancer and aging can be seen as challenges to the continuous physiological processes that orchestrate individual cell activities toward the anatomical needs of an organism. Thus, the origin and maintenance of complex biological shape is a fundamental question for cell, developmental, and evolutionary biology, as well as for biomedicine. It has long been recognized that slow bioelectrical gradients can control cell behaviors and morphogenesis. Here, I review recent molecular data that implicate endogenous spatio-temporal patterns of resting potentials among non-excitable cells as instructive cues in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer. Functional data have implicated gradients of resting potential in processes such as limb regeneration, eye induction, craniofacial patterning, and head-tail polarity, as well as in metastatic transformation and tumorigenesis. The genome is tightly linked to bioelectric signaling, via ion channel proteins that shape the gradients, downstream genes whose transcription is regulated by voltage, and transduction machinery that converts changes in bioelectric state to second-messenger cascades. However, the data clearly indicate that bioelectric signaling is an autonomous layer of control not reducible to a biochemical or genetic account of cell state. The real-time dynamics of bioelectric communication among cells are not fully captured by transcriptomic or proteomic analyses, and the necessary-and-sufficient triggers for specific changes in growth and form can be physiological states, while the underlying gene loci are free to diverge. The next steps in this exciting new field include the development of novel conceptual tools for understanding the anatomical semantics encoded in non-neural bioelectrical networks, and of improved biophysical tools for reading and writing electrical state information into somatic tissues. Cracking the bioelectric code will have transformative implications for developmental biology, regenerative medicine, and synthetic bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Biology Department, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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46
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Gao J, Raghunathan VK, Reid B, Wei D, Diaz RC, Russell P, Murphy CJ, Zhao M. Biomimetic stochastic topography and electric fields synergistically enhance directional migration of corneal epithelial cells in a MMP-3-dependent manner. Acta Biomater 2015; 12:102-112. [PMID: 25311684 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Directed migration of corneal epithelial cells (CECs) is critical for maintenance of corneal homeostasis as well as wound healing. Soluble cytoactive factors and the intrinsic chemical attributes of the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) participate in stimulating and directing migration. The central importance of the intrinsic biophysical attributes of the microenvironment of the cell in modulating an array of fundamental epithelial behaviors including migration has been widely documented. Among the best measures of these attributes are the intrinsic topography and stiffness of the ECM and electric fields (EFs). How cells integrate these multiple simultaneous inputs is not well understood. Here, we present a method that combines the use of (i) topographically patterned substrates (mean pore diameter 800nm) possessing features that approximate those found in the native corneal basement membrane; and (ii) EFs (0-150mVmm(-1)) mimicking those at corneal epithelial wounds that the cells experience in vivo. We found that topographic cues and EFs synergistically regulated directional migration of human CECs and that this was associated with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3). MMP3 expression and activity were significantly elevated with 150mVmm(-1) applied-EF while MMP2/9 remained unaltered. MMP3 expression was elevated in cells cultured on patterned surfaces against planar surfaces. The highest single-cell migration rate was observed with 150mVmm(-1) applied EF on patterned and planar surfaces. When cultured as a confluent sheet, EFs induced collective cell migration on stochastically patterned surfaces compared with dissociated single-cell migration on planar surfaces. These results suggest significant interaction of biophysical cues in regulating cell behaviors and will help define design parameters for corneal prosthetics and help to better understand corneal wound healing.
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47
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Yang HY, La TD, Isseroff RR. Utilizing custom-designed galvanotaxis chambers to study directional migration of prostate cells. J Vis Exp 2014:51973. [PMID: 25549020 PMCID: PMC4396920 DOI: 10.3791/51973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological electric field serves specific biological functions, such as directing cell migration in embryo development, neuronal outgrowth and epithelial wound healing. Applying a direct current electric field to cultured cells in vitro induces directional cell migration, or galvanotaxis. The 2-dimensional galvanotaxis method we demonstrate here is modified with custom-made poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) chambers, glass surface, platinum electrodes and the use of a motorized stage on which the cells are imaged. The PVC chambers and platinum electrodes exhibit low cytotoxicity and are affordable and re-useable. The glass surface and the motorized microscope stage improve quality of images and allow possible modifications to the glass surface and treatments to the cells. We filmed the galvanotaxis of two non-tumorigenic, SV40-immortalized prostate cell lines, pRNS-1-1 and PNT2. These two cell lines show similar migration speeds and both migrate toward the cathode, but they do show a different degree of directionality in galvanotaxis. The results obtained via this protocol suggest that the pRNS-1-1 and the PNT2 cell lines may have different intrinsic features that govern their directional migratory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Scool of Medicine, University of California, Davis;
| | - Thi Dinh La
- Department of Dermatology, Scool of Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - R Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, Scool of Medicine, University of California, Davis
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48
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Reid B, Vieira AC, Cao L, Mannis MJ, Schwab IR, Zhao M. Specific ion fluxes generate cornea wound electric currents. Commun Integr Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/cib.15545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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49
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Reid B, Zhao M. Ion-selective self-referencing probes for measuring specific ion flux. Commun Integr Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/cib.16182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032;
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592 CNRS, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France;
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