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Prasad K, Saggam A, Guruprasad KP, Tillu G, Patwardhan B, Satyamoorthy K. Molecular mechanisms of Asparagus racemosus willd. and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal as chemotherapeutic adjuvants for breast cancer treatment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118261. [PMID: 38685363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Despite various treatment modalities, the progression and metastasis of breast cancer (BC) are grave concerns due to the alarming disease-free survival rate (DFS) and overall survival rate (OS) of affected patients. Over the years, many antibiotics, synthetic compounds, medicinal plant isolates and polyherbal combinations have been used as adjuvants in therapy for the management of primary and secondary tumors. Paclitaxel (PTX)-based chemotherapy for breast cancer causes multiple adverse side effects in patients. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (WS) and Asparagus racemosus Willd. (AR) as Ayurveda-inspired plant-based adjuvants were investigated for their anticancer effects on MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells in mouse model systems. AIM OF THE STUDY This study focused on evaluating the adjuvant properties of WS and AR plant extracts with PTX and their effectiveness over PTX alone in terms of tumor inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of WS and AR on DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), senescence induction and mitochondrial functions were evaluated in BC cells in vitro. The potential for cancer stem cell (CSC) inhibition was evaluated via mammosphere formation assays and CD44/CD24 immunostaining. In vivo tumor growth studies were conducted in athymic BALB/c mice for MDA-MB-231 cells and in BALB/c mice for 4T1 cells. RESULTS Induction of senescence was evident due to DSBs induced by the WS and AR extracts. Mammosphere formation and CD44/CD24 CSC markers were reduced after treatment with WS, AR or the combination of both in MCF-7 cells. WS or AR inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vivo studies demonstrated that tumor growth inhibition was more pronounced in the treated group than in the PTX alone group and the untreated control group. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the use of WS or AR plant hydroalcoholic extracts in combination with paclitaxel (PTX) has better effects on sensitivity and efficacy than PTX alone, as demonstrated in in vitro BC cells and mouse models with BC cell grafts. Hence, scheduling adjuvant therapy with WS or AR alone or combined with PTX can be advantageous for the management of triple-negative BC (TNBC). Further studies are warranted in human clinical conditions to ascertain the efficacy of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshava Prasad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Akash Saggam
- Ayush Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Kanive Parashiva Guruprasad
- Centre for Ayurvedic Biology, Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Girish Tillu
- Ayush Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Bhushan Patwardhan
- Ayush Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India; SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) University, Manjushree Nagar, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580009, India.
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2
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Nishimura J, Morita Y, Tobe-Nishimoto A, Kitahira Y, Takayama S, Kishimoto S, Matsumiya-Matsumoto Y, Takeshita A, Matsunaga K, Imai T, Uzawa N. CDDP-induced desmoplasia-like changes in oral cancer tissues are related to SASP-related factors induced by the senescence of cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112377. [PMID: 38838554 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) concept has been proposed and is currently being actively studied. The development of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the TME is known as desmoplasia and is observed in many solid tumors. It has also been strongly associated with poor prognosis and resistance to drug therapy. Recently, cellular senescence has gained attention as an effect of drug therapy on cancer cells. Cellular senescence is a phenomenon wherein proliferating cells become resistant to growth-promoting stimuli, secrete the SASP (senescence-associated phenotypic) factors, and stably arrest the cell cycle. These proteins are rich in pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL5, and matrix metalloproteinase 3. This study aimed to investigate the desmoplasia-like changes in the TME before and after cancer drug therapy in oral squamous cell carcinomas, evaluate the effect of anticancer drugs on the TME, and the potential involvement of cancer cell senescence. Using a syngeneic oral cancer transplant mouse model, we confirmed that cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) administration caused desmoplasia-like changes in cancer tissues. Furthermore, CDDP treatment-induced senescence in tumor-bearing mouse tumor tissues and cultured cancer cells. These results suggest CDDP administration-induced desmoplasia-like structural changes in the TME are related to cellular senescence. Our findings suggest that the administration of anticancer drugs alters the TME of oral cancer cells. Additionally, oral cancer cells undergo senescence, which may influence the TME through the production of SASP factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Nishimura
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Morita
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ayano Tobe-Nishimoto
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kitahira
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shun Takayama
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoko Kishimoto
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuka Matsumiya-Matsumoto
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akinori Takeshita
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Matsunaga
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Imai
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Narikazu Uzawa
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Colucci M, Zumerle S, Bressan S, Gianfanti F, Troiani M, Valdata A, D'Ambrosio M, Pasquini E, Varesi A, Cogo F, Mosole S, Dongilli C, Desbats MA, Contu L, Revankdar A, Chen J, Kalathur M, Perciato ML, Basilotta R, Endre L, Schauer S, Othman A, Guccini I, Saponaro M, Maraccani L, Bancaro N, Lai P, Liu L, Pernigoni N, Mele F, Merler S, Trotman LC, Guarda G, Calì B, Montopoli M, Alimonti A. Retinoic acid receptor activation reprograms senescence response and enhances anti-tumor activity of natural killer cells. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:646-661.e9. [PMID: 38428412 PMCID: PMC11003464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence can exert dual effects in tumors, either suppressing or promoting tumor progression. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), released by senescent cells, plays a crucial role in this dichotomy. Consequently, the clinical challenge lies in developing therapies that safely enhance senescence in cancer, favoring tumor-suppressive SASP factors over tumor-promoting ones. Here, we identify the retinoic-acid-receptor (RAR) agonist adapalene as an effective pro-senescence compound in prostate cancer (PCa). Reactivation of RARs triggers a robust senescence response and a tumor-suppressive SASP. In preclinical mouse models of PCa, the combination of adapalene and docetaxel promotes a tumor-suppressive SASP that enhances natural killer (NK) cell-mediated tumor clearance more effectively than either agent alone. This approach increases the efficacy of the allogenic infusion of human NK cells in mice injected with human PCa cells, suggesting an alternative therapeutic strategy to stimulate the anti-tumor immune response in "immunologically cold" tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Colucci
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne UNIL, CH1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Zumerle
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) & Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bressan
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) & Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Gianfanti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) & Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Troiani
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Bioinformatics Core Unit, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, TI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Aurora Valdata
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST) ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Mariantonietta D'Ambrosio
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
| | - Emiliano Pasquini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Angelica Varesi
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Cogo
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Simone Mosole
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Dongilli
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) & Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Liliana Contu
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) & Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ajinkya Revankdar
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Madhuri Kalathur
- Children's GMP, LLC, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place Mail Stop 920 Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Maria Luna Perciato
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
| | - Rossella Basilotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 viale Ferdinando D'Alcontres, Italy
| | - Laczko Endre
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETHZ and University of Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETHZ and University of Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Alaa Othman
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETHZ and University of Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Guccini
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST) ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Saponaro
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) & Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Maraccani
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) & Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicolò Bancaro
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ping Lai
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Pernigoni
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Federico Mele
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sara Merler
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine - Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona and Verona University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Lloyd C Trotman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Greta Guarda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Calì
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) & Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), CH6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) & Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST) ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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Li C, Sun C, Mahapatra KD, Riihilä P, Knuutila J, Nissinen L, Lapins J, Kähäri VM, Homey B, Sonkoly E, Pivarcsi A. Long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 is overexpressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and exon 2 is critical for its oncogenicity. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:415-426. [PMID: 37930852 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common and fastest increasing forms of cancer worldwide with metastatic potential. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules with essential regulatory functions in both physiological and pathological processes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the function and mode of action of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in cSCC. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and single-molecule in situ hybridization were used to quantify the expression level of PVT1 in normal skin, premalignant skin lesions, actinic keratosis (AK) and primary and metastatic cSCCs. The function of PVT1 in cSCC was investigated both in vivo (tumour xenografts) and in vitro (competitive cell growth assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, colony formation assay and tumour spheroid formation assay) upon CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of the entire PVT1 locus, the knockout of exon 2 of PVT1, and locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmer-mediated PVT1 knockdown. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to identify genes and processes regulated by PVT1. RESULTS We identified PVT1 as a lncRNA upregulated in cSCC in situ and cSCC, associated with the malignant phenotype of cSCC. We showed that the expression of PVT1 in cSCC was regulated by MYC. Both CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of the entire PVT1 locus and LNA gapmer-mediated knockdown of PVT1 transcript impaired the malignant behaviour of cSCC cells, suggesting that PVT1 is an oncogenic transcript in cSCC. Furthermore, knockout of PVT1 exon 2 inhibited cSCC tumour growth both in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating that exon 2 is a critical element for the oncogenic role of PVT1. Mechanistically, we showed that PVT1 was localized in the cell nucleus and its deletion resulted in cellular senescence, increased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21/CDKN1A) expression and cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a previously unrecognized role for exon 2 of PVT1 in its oncogenic role and that PVT1 suppresses cellular senescence in cSCC. PVT1 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
| | - Chengxi Sun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | | | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Knuutila
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jan Lapins
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology
- FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Enikö Sonkoly
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andor Pivarcsi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM)
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine Solna
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Khan FA, Fang N, Zhang W, Ji S. The multifaceted role of Fragile X-Related Protein 1 (FXR1) in cellular processes: an updated review on cancer and clinical applications. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:72. [PMID: 38238286 PMCID: PMC10796922 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) modulate the expression level of several target RNAs (such as mRNAs) post-transcriptionally through interactions with unique binding sites in the 3'-untranslated region. There is mounting information that suggests RBP dysregulation plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. However, the function of FMR1 autosomal homolog 1(FXR1) in malignancies is just beginning to be unveiled. Due to the diversity of their RNA-binding domains and functional adaptability, FXR1 can regulate diverse transcript processing. Changes in FXR1 interaction with RNA networks have been linked to the emergence of cancer, although the theoretical framework defining these alterations in interaction is insufficient. Alteration in FXR1 expression or localization has been linked to the mRNAs of cancer suppressor genes, cancer-causing genes, and genes involved in genomic expression stability. In particular, FXR1-mediated gene regulation involves in several cellular phenomena related to cancer growth, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, senescence, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. FXR1 dysregulation has been implicated in diverse cancer types, suggesting its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. However, the molecular mechanisms and biological effects of FXR1 regulation in cancer have yet to be understood. This review highlights the current knowledge of FXR1 expression and function in various cancer situations, emphasizing its functional variety and complexity. We further address the challenges and opportunities of targeting FXR1 for cancer diagnosis and treatment and propose future directions for FXR1 research in oncology. This work intends to provide an in-depth review of FXR1 as an emerging oncotarget with multiple roles and implications in cancer biology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ali Khan
- Huaihe Hospital,Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH&RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Na Fang
- Huaihe Hospital,Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- Huaihe Hospital,Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Huaihe Hospital,Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
- Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, China.
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Wang L, Li J, Zhao Z, Xia Y, Xie Y, Hong D, Liu Y, Tan W. Aptamer Conjugate-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Precise Imaging of Therapy-Induced Cancer Senescence. Anal Chem 2024; 96:154-162. [PMID: 38113452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Therapy-induced cellular senescence has been increasingly recognized as a key mechanism to promote various aspects of carcinogenesis in a nonautonomous manner. Thus, real-time imaging monitoring of cellular senescence during cancer therapy is imperative not only to further elucidate its roles in cancer progression but also to provide guidance for medical management of cancer. However, it has long been a challenging task due to the lack of effective imaging molecule tools with high specificity and accuracy toward cancer senescence. Herein, we report the rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of an aptamer conjugate-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for precise imaging of therapy-induced cancer senescence. Unlike traditional senescence imaging systems, our probe targets two senescence-associated markers at both cellular and subcellular dimensions, namely, aptamer-mediated membrane marker recognition for active cell targeting and lysosomal marker-triggered ratiometric fluorescence changes of two cyanine dyes for site-specific, high-contrast imaging. Moreover, such a two-channel fluorescence response is activated after a one-step reaction and at the same location, avoiding the diffusion-caused signal decay previously encountered in dual-marker activated probes, contributing to spatiotemporally specific imaging of therapy-induced cancer senescence in living cells and three-dimensional multicellular tumor spheroids. This work may offer a valuable tool for a basic understanding of cellular senescence in cancer biology and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Jili Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yinghao Xia
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yuqi Xie
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Donghui Hong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yanlan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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7
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Heber N, Kuhn BJ, Strobel TD, Lohrey C, Krijgsveld J, Hoppe-Seyler K, Hoppe-Seyler F. The impact of cycling hypoxia on the phenotype of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29280. [PMID: 38054507 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cycling hypoxia (cycH) is a prevalent form of tumor hypoxia that is characterized by exposure of tumor cells to recurrent phases of hypoxia and reoxygenation. CycH has been associated with a particularly aggressive cellular phenotype of tumor cells and increased therapy resistance. By performing comparative analyses under normoxia, physoxia, chronic hypoxia, and cycH, we here uncover distinct effects of cycH on the phenotype of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cervical cancer cells. We show that-other than under chronic hypoxia-viral E6/E7 oncogene expression is largely maintained under cycH as is the E6/E7-dependent regulation of p53 and retinoblastoma protein. Further, cycH enables HPV-positive cancer cells to evade prosenescent chemotherapy, similar to chronic hypoxia. Moreover, cells under cycH exhibit a particularly pronounced resistance to the proapoptotic effects of Cisplatin. Quantitative proteome analyses reveal that cycH induces a unique proteomic signature in cervical cancer cells, which includes a significant downregulation of luminal lysosomal proteins. These encompass the potentially proapoptotic cathepsins B and cathepsin L, which, however, appear not to affect the response to Cisplatin under any of the O2 conditions tested. Rather, we show that the proapoptotic Caspase 8/BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID) cascade plays a pivotal role for the efficiency of Cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HPV-positive cancer cells under all investigated O2 conditions. In addition, we provide evidence that BID activation by Cisplatin is impaired under cycH, which could contribute to the high resistance to the proapoptotic effects of Cisplatin. Collectively, this study provides the first insights into the profound phenotypic alterations induced by cycH in HPV-positive cancer cells, with implications for their therapeutic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Heber
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bianca J Kuhn
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias D Strobel
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lohrey
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Hoppe-Seyler
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Hoppe-Seyler
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Xiao S, Qin D, Hou X, Tian L, Yu Y, Zhang R, Lyu H, Guo D, Chen XZ, Zhou C, Tang J. Cellular senescence: a double-edged sword in cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1189015. [PMID: 37771436 PMCID: PMC10522834 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1189015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, cellular senescence has been identified in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Senescent cells are generally characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest as a response to endogenous and exogenous stresses. In addition to exiting the cell cycle process, cellular senescence also triggers profound phenotypic changes such as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), autophagy modulation, or metabolic reprograming. Consequently, cellular senescence is often considered as a tumor-suppressive mechanism that permanently arrests cells at risk of malignant transformation. However, accumulating evidence shows that therapy-induced senescence can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumorigenesis in neighboring cells, as well as re-entry into the cell cycle and activation of cancer stem cells, thereby promoting cancer cell survival. Therefore, it is particularly important to rapidly eliminate therapy-induced senescent cells in patients with cancer. Here we review the hallmarks of cellular senescence and the relationship between cellular senescence and cancer. We also discuss several pathways to induce senescence in tumor therapy, as well as strategies to eliminate senescent cells after cancer treatment. We believe that exploiting the intersection between cellular senescence and tumor cells is an important means to defeat tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xiao
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmin Qin
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyang Hou
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Tian
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yeping Yu
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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9
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Brahme A. TP53 and the Ultimate Biological Optimization Steps of Curative Radiation Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4286. [PMID: 37686565 PMCID: PMC10487030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The new biological interaction cross-section-based repairable-homologically repairable (RHR) damage formulation for radiation-induced cellular inactivation, repair, misrepair, and apoptosis was applied to optimize radiation therapy. This new formulation implies renewed thinking about biologically optimized radiation therapy, suggesting that most TP53 intact normal tissues are low-dose hypersensitive (LDHS) and low-dose apoptotic (LDA). This generates a fractionation window in LDHS normal tissues, indicating that the maximum dose to organs at risk should be ≤2.3 Gy/Fr, preferably of low LET. This calls for biologically optimized treatments using a few high tumor dose-intensity-modulated light ion beams, thereby avoiding secondary cancer risks and generating a real tumor cure without a caspase-3-induced accelerated tumor cell repopulation. Light ions with the lowest possible LET in normal tissues and high LET only in the tumor imply the use of the lightest ions, from lithium to boron. The high microscopic heterogeneity in the tumor will cause local microscopic cold spots; thus, in the last week of curative ion therapy, when there are few remaining viable tumor clonogens randomly spread in the target volume, the patient should preferably receive the last 10 GyE via low LET, ensuring perfect tumor coverage, a high cure probability, and a reduced risk for adverse normal tissue reactions. Interestingly, such an approach would also ensure a steeper rise in tumor cure probability and a higher complication-free cure, as the few remaining clonogens are often fairly well oxygenated, eliminating a shallower tumor response due to inherent ion beam heterogeneity. With the improved fractionation proposal, these approaches may improve the complication-free cure probability by about 10-25% or even more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Brahme
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet,17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Mortoglou M, Miralles F, Mould RR, Sengupta D, Uysal-Onganer P. Inhibiting CDK4/6 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via microRNA-21. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151318. [PMID: 37105116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with a 5-year survival rate of 5-10 %. The high mortality rate is due to the asymptomatic progression of clinical features in metastatic stages of the disease, which renders standard therapeutic options futile. PDAC is characterised by alterations in several genes that drive carcinogenesis and limit therapeutic response. The two most common genetic aberrations in PDAC are the mutational activation of KRAS and loss of the tumour suppressor CDK inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), which culminate the activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), that promote G1 cell cycle progression. Therapeutic strategies focusing on the CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib (PD-0332991) may potentially improve outcomes in this malignancy. MicroRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules associated with cellular proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Primarily, miR-21 promotes cell proliferation and a higher proportion of PDAC cells in the S phase, while knockdown of miR-21 has been linked to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and inhibition of cell proliferation. In this study, using a CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screen, we individually silenced the expression of miR-21 in two PDAC cell lines and in combination with PD-0332991 treatment, we examined the synergetic mechanisms of CDK4/6 inhibitors and miR-21 knockouts (KOs) on cell survival and death. This combination reduced cell proliferation, cell viability, increased apoptosis and G1 arrest in vitro. We further analysed the mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of PDAC cells; then assessed the protein content of these cells and revealed numerous Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with PD-0332991 treatment and miR-21 knocking out. Our results demonstrate that combined targeting of CDK4/6 and silencing of miR-21 represents a novel therapeutic strategy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mortoglou
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, W1W 6UW London, UK
| | - Francesc Miralles
- Centre of Biomedical Education/Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Cell Biology Research Centre, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Rhys Richard Mould
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, W1W 6UW London, UK
| | - Dipankar Sengupta
- Health Data Sciences Research Group, Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, W1W 6UW London, UK
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, W1W 6UW London, UK.
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11
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Gupta A, Carnazza M, Jones M, Darzynkiewicz Z, Halicka D, O'Connell T, Zhao H, Dadafarin S, Shin E, Schwarcz MD, Moscatello A, Tiwari RK, Geliebter J. Androgen Receptor Activation Induces Senescence in Thyroid Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082198. [PMID: 37190127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with an approximately three-fold higher incidence in women. TCGA data indicate that androgen receptor (AR) RNA is significantly downregulated in PTC. In this study, AR-expressing 8505C (anaplastic TC) (84E7) and K1 (papillary TC) cells experienced an 80% decrease in proliferation over 6 days of exposure to physiological levels of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In 84E7, continuous AR activation resulted in G1 growth arrest, accompanied by a flattened, vacuolized cell morphology, with enlargement of the cell and the nuclear area, which is indicative of senescence; this was substantiated by an increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, total RNA and protein content, and reactive oxygen species. Additionally, the expression of tumor suppressor proteins p16, p21, and p27 was significantly increased. A non-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory profile was induced, significantly decreasing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF, RANTES, and MCP-1; this is consistent with the lower incidence of thyroid inflammation and cancer in men. Migration increased six-fold, which is consistent with the clinical observation of increased lymph node metastasis in men. Proteolytic invasion potential was not significantly altered, which is consistent with unchanged MMP/TIMP expression. Our studies provide evidence that the induction of senescence is a novel function of AR activation in thyroid cancer cells, and may underlie the protective role of AR activation in the decreased incidence of TC in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvita Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Michelle Carnazza
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Melanie Jones
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Timmy O'Connell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Sina Dadafarin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edward Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Monica D Schwarcz
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Raj K Tiwari
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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12
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Tran AP, Tralie CJ, Reyes J, Moosmüller C, Belkhatir Z, Kevrekidis IG, Levine AJ, Deasy JO, Tannenbaum AR. Long-term p21 and p53 dynamics regulate the frequency of mitosis events and cell cycle arrest following radiation damage. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:660-672. [PMID: 36182991 PMCID: PMC9984379 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure of healthy cells can halt cell cycle temporarily or permanently. In this work, we analyze the time evolution of p21 and p53 from two single cell datasets of retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to several levels of radiation, and in particular, the effect of radiation on cell cycle arrest. Employing various quantification methods from signal processing, we show how p21 levels, and to a lesser extent p53 levels, dictate whether the cells are arrested in their cell cycle and how frequently these mitosis events are likely to occur. We observed that single cells exposed to the same dose of DNA damage exhibit heterogeneity in cellular outcomes and that the frequency of cell division is a more accurate monitor of cell damage rather than just radiation level. Finally, we show how heterogeneity in DNA damage signaling is manifested early in the response to radiation exposure level and has potential to predict long-term fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Phong Tran
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J Tralie
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - José Reyes
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program and Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Moosmüller
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zehor Belkhatir
- School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Ioannis G Kevrekidis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arnold J Levine
- Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph O Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen R Tannenbaum
- Departments of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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13
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Yang Z, Gao S, Wong CC, Liu W, Chen H, Shang H, Wu ZY, Xu L, Zhang X, Wong N, Kuang M, Yu J. TUBB4B is a novel therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Pathol 2023; 260:71-83. [PMID: 36787097 DOI: 10.1002/path.6065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (NAFLD-HCC) is an emerging malignancy due to the rising prevalence of NAFLD. However, no drug is available to target NAFLD-HCC. In this study, we aim to unravel novel therapeutic targets of NAFLD-HCC utilizing a high-throughput CRISPR/Cas9 screening strategy. We utilized the Epi-drug CRISPR/Cas9 library consisting of single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting over 1,000 genes representing the FDA-approved drug targets and epigenetic regulators to perform loss-of-function screening in two NAFLD-HCC cell lines (HKCI2 and HKCI10). CRISPR/Cas9 library screening unraveled TUBB4B as an essential gene for NAFLD-HCC cell growth. TUBB4B was overexpressed in NAFLD-HCC tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues (N = 17) and was associated with poor survival (p < 0.01). RNA-sequencing and functional assays revealed that TUBB4B knockout in NAFLD-HCC promoted cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and cellular senescence, leading to suppressed NAFLD-HCC growth in vitro and in vivo. We identified that TUBB4B inhibitor mebendazole (MBZ), an FDA-approved drug, inhibited NAFLD-HCC growth by inducing apoptosis and cellular senescence. Since protein expression of pro-survival Bcl-xL was induced in TUBB4B knockout NAFLD-HCC cells, we examined combination of TUBB4B inhibition with navitoclax, a Bcl-xL inhibitor that selectively targets senescent cells. Consistent with our hypothesis, either TUBB4B knockout or MBZ synergized with navitoclax to inhibit NAFLD-HCC cell growth via the induction of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. In summary, TUBB4B is a novel therapeutic target in NAFLD-HCC. Inhibition of TUBB4B with MBZ in combination with navitoclax synergistically inhibited NAFLD-HCC cell growth, representing a promising strategy for the treatment of NAFLD-HCC. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Yang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Haiyun Shang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zoe Yuet Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Nathalie Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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14
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Markelić M, Mojić M, Bovan D, Jelača S, Jović Z, Purić M, Koruga D, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D. Melanoma Cell Reprogramming and Awakening of Antitumor Immunity as a Fingerprint of Hyper-Harmonized Hydroxylated Fullerene Water Complex (3HFWC) and Hyperpolarized Light Application In Vivo. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13030372. [PMID: 36770334 PMCID: PMC9918970 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In our recent study, we showed that in vitro treatment of melanoma cells with hyperpolarized light (HPL) as well as with the second derivative of fullerene, hyper-harmonized hydroxylated fullerene water complex (3HFWC) reduced viability of cells by decreasing their proliferative capacity and inducing senescence and reprogramming towards a normal, melanocytic phenotype. Therefore, we wanted to determine whether these effects persisted in vivo in the syngeneic mouse melanoma model with a combined treatment of HPL irradiation and 3HFWC per os. Our results demonstrated the potent antitumor effects of 3HFWC nanosubstance assisted by HPL irradiation. These effects were primarily driven by the stimulation of melanoma cell growth arrest, the establishment of a senescent phenotype, and melanocytic differentiation on the one hand, and the awakening of the antitumor immune response on the other. In addition, the combined treatment reduced the protumorigenic activity of immune cells by depleting T regulatory cells, myeloid-derived suppressors, and M2 macrophages. The support of the 3HFWC substance by HPL irradiation may be the axis of the new approach design based on tumor cell reprogramming synchronized with the mobilization of the host's protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Markelić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (D.M.-I.)
| | - Marija Mojić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”– National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dijana Bovan
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”– National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Jelača
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”– National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Sanja Mijatović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”– National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”– National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (D.M.-I.)
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15
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Wang L, Zhang X, Sheng J, Chen L, Zhi L, Zheng Q, Qi Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Zhao J, Wang Y, Liu SX, Sun MZ, Zhang W. RBM4 regulates cellular senescence via miR1244/SERPINE1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:27. [PMID: 36639375 PMCID: PMC9839707 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence serves as a powerful tumor suppressing mechanism that inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells bearing oncogenic mutations at the initial stage of cancer development. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play important roles in cancer progression and treatment through distinct functions. However, functions and mechanisms of RNA binding proteins in regulating senescence remain elusive. Here we reported that the RNA binding protein RBM4 contributed to cellular senescence. Depletion of RBM4 induced senescence in different types of cells, including multiple cancer cells. Meanwhile, RBM4 ablation inhibited cancer cell progression both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, knockdown of RBM4 significantly increased the level of SERPINE1, a known promoter of senescence, thereby inducing the senescence of lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, miR-1244 bound to the 3'-UTR of SERPINE1 to suppress its expression, whereas depletion of RBM4 reduced the level of miR-1244 by promoting the degradation of primary miR-1244 transcripts (pri-miR1244), thus increasing the expression of SERPINE1 and inducing subsequent senescence. Moreover, either SERPINE1 inhibitor or miR-1244 mimics attenuated the RBM4 depletion-induced senescence. Altogether, our study revealed a novel mechanism of RBM4 in the regulation of cancer progression through controlling senescence, providing a new avenue for targeting RBM4 in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luning Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Junxiu Sheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lili Zhi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yangfan Qi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jinyao Zhao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Shu-Xin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China.
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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16
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Li J, Tan R, Wu J, Guo W, Wang Y, You G, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Geng Y, Zan J, Su J. A cellular senescence-related genes model allows for prognosis and treatment stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma: A bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. Front Genet 2023; 13:1099148. [PMID: 36712870 PMCID: PMC9877353 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1099148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer with low 5-year survival rate. Cellular senescence, characterized by permanent and irreversible cell proliferation arrest, plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development. This study aims to develop a cellular senescence-based stratified model, and a multivariable-based nomogram for guiding clinical therapy for HCC. Materials and methods: The mRNAs expression data of HCC patients and cellular senescence-related genes were obtained from TCGA and CellAge database, respectively. Through multiple analysis, a four cellular senescence-related genes-based prognostic stratified model was constructed and its predictive performance was validated through various methods. Then, a nomogram based on the model was constructed and HCC patients stratified by the model were analyzed for tumor mutation burden, tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration, drug sensitivity and immune checkpoint. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to explore potential biological pathways. Finally, we verified this model by siRNA transfection, scratch assay and Transwell Assay. Results: We established an cellular senescence-related genes-based stratified model, and a multivariable-based nomogram, which could accurately predict the prognosis of HCC patients in the ICGC database. The low and high risk score HCC patients stratified by the model showed different tumor mutation burden, tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration, drug sensitivity and immune checkpoint expressions. Functional enrichment analysis suggested several biological pathways related to the process and prognosis of HCC. Scratch assay and transwell assay indicated the promotion effects of the four cellular senescence-related genes (EZH2, G6PD, CBX8, and NDRG1) on the migraiton and invasion of HCC. Conclusion: We established a cellular senescence-based stratified model, and a multivariable-based nomogram, which could predict the survival of HCC patients and guide clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongzhi Tan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxing You
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Geng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianfen Su, ; Jie Zan,
| | - Jianfen Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianfen Su, ; Jie Zan,
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17
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Zarneshan SN, Fakhri S, Bachtel G, Bishayee A. Exploiting pivotal mechanisms behind the senescence-like cell cycle arrest in cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:1-19. [PMID: 37061329 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Senescence-like cell cycle arrest is a critical state of cancer initiation and progression. Senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to stress induced by extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli, including oxidative/genotoxic stress, oncogenic activation, irradiation, mitochondrial malfunction, or chemotherapeutic drugs. Several signaling pathways are involved in senescence-like cell cycle arrest, which is primarily induced by the activation of p53/p21-dependent apoptotic pathways and suppressing p16INK4A/retinoblastoma protein (pRB)-dependent oncogenic pathways. p21 is necessary for proper cell cycle advancement, is involved in cell death, and mediates p53-dependent cell cycle arrest caused by DNA damage. pRB's role in tumor suppression is through modulation of the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle, as it has the ability to block S-phase entry and cell growth. The aforementioned pathways are also highly interconnected with significant crosstalk, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)/cyclin complexes, and the dimerization partner, RB-like, E2F and multi-vulval class B (DREAM) complex. The primary regulators of transcription are p53 and pRB, which maintain the senescent state through negative control of the cell cycle and process of tumorigenesis. Because CDK inhibitors comprise negative regulators of cell cycle progress, they are fundamental parts of each route. Prolonged overexpression of any of these four fundamental elements (p16, p53, p21, and pRB) suffices to induce senescence, demonstrating how the regulatory DREAM complex causes senescence and how its malfunction results in cell cycle progression. The present chapter aims at revealing the pivotal mechanisms behind the senescence-like cell cycle arrest in cancer.
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18
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Qi X, Jiang L, Cao J. Senotherapies: A novel strategy for synergistic anti-tumor therapy. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103365. [PMID: 36115631 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence was initially considered an effective antitumor mechanism, and senescence-induced therapy has previously been regarded as an efficient treatment. However, increasing studies have discovered that persistent senescent cells (SNCs) might have unanticipated negative repercussions for antitumor treatment. The long-term build-up of SNCs exacerbates toxic side effects, treatment resistance, and poor prognosis, and tumor cells that undergo senescence escape can acquire stemness to repopulate the tumor, leading to cancer recurrence. Thus, senotherapies that eliminate SNCs could be used as a new strategy for synergistic antitumor therapy. In this review, we summarize the adverse effects of SNCs in tumor development and the mechanisms by which senescent tumor cells escape senescence, discuss the relationship between senescence and polyploidy, and highlight the potential of senotherapies as an emerging adjuvant antitumor treatment strategy. Such a strategy is expected to provide new approaches for antitumor drug development from the perspective of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxin Qi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ji Cao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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19
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Wang L, Jin H, Jochems F, Wang S, Lieftink C, Martinez IM, De Conti G, Edwards F, de Oliveira RL, Schepers A, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Wu W, Zheng X, Yuan S, Ling J, Jastrzebski K, Santos Dias MD, Song JY, Celie PNH, Yagita H, Yao M, Zhou W, Beijersbergen RL, Qin W, Bernards R. cFLIP suppression and DR5 activation sensitize senescent cancer cells to senolysis. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:1284-1299. [PMID: 36414711 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Senolytics, drugs that kill senescent cells, have been proposed to improve the response to pro-senescence cancer therapies; however, this remains challenging due to a lack of broadly acting senolytic drugs. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screens in different senescent cancer cell models, we identify loss of the death receptor inhibitor cFLIP as a common vulnerability of senescent cancer cells. Senescent cells are primed for apoptotic death by NF-κB-mediated upregulation of death receptor 5 (DR5) and its ligand TRAIL, but are protected from death by increased cFLIP expression. Activation of DR5 signaling by agonistic antibody, which can be enhanced further by suppression of cFLIP by BRD2 inhibition, leads to efficient killing of a variety of senescent cancer cells. Moreover, senescent cells sensitize adjacent non-senescent cells to killing by DR5 agonist through a bystander effect mediated by secretion of cytokines. We validate this 'one-two punch' cancer therapy by combining pro-senescence therapy with DR5 activation in different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wang
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Haojie Jin
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fleur Jochems
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NKI Robotic and Screening Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Mora Martinez
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia De Conti
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Finn Edwards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Leite de Oliveira
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnout Schepers
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxian Yuan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kathy Jastrzebski
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matheus Dos Santos Dias
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Division of Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick N H Celie
- Division of Biochemistry, Protein facility, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NKI Robotic and Screening Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Li L, Zhou A, Wei Y, Liu F, Li P, Fang R, Ma L, Zhang S, Wang L, Liu J, Richard HT, Chen Y, Wang H, Huang S. Critical role of lncEPAT in coupling dysregulated EGFR pathway and histone H2A deubiquitination during glioblastoma tumorigenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2571. [PMID: 36197973 PMCID: PMC9534510 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Histone 2A (H2A) monoubiquitination is a fundamental epigenetics mechanism of gene expression, which plays a critical role in regulating cell fate. However, it is unknown if H2A ubiquitination is involved in EGFR-driven tumorigenesis. In the current study, we have characterized a previously unidentified oncogenic lncRNA (lncEPAT) that mediates the integration of the dysregulated EGFR pathway with H2A deubiquitination in tumorigenesis. LncEPAT was induced by the EGFR pathway, and high-level lncEPAT expression positively correlated with the glioma grade and predicted poor survival of glioma patients. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed that lncEPAT specifically interacted with deubiquitinase USP16. LncEPAT inhibited USP16's recruitment to chromatin, thereby blocking USP16-mediated H2A deubiquitination and repressing target gene expression, including CDKN1A and CLUSTERIN. Depletion of lncEPAT promoted USP16-induced cell cycle arrest and cellular senescence, and then repressed GBM cell tumorigenesis. Thus, the EGFR-lncEPAT-ubH2A coupling represents a previously unidentified mechanism for epigenetic gene regulation and senescence resistance during GBM tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Aidong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanjun Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Runping Fang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sicong Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Longqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Hope T. Richard
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Quantitative Sciences Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hengbin Wang
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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21
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Brickute D, Chen C, Braga M, Barnes C, Wang N, Allott L, Aboagye EO. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel PET imaging agent targeting lipofuscin in senescent cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26372-26381. [PMID: 36275107 PMCID: PMC9475417 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04535d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoting a senescent phenotype to suppress tumour progression may present an alternative strategy for treating cancer and encourages the development of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarkers for assessing response to treatment. The accumulation of lipofuscin deposits in senescent cells is visualised using the pathology stain Sudan Black B (SBB) which is an emerging biomarker of senescence. We describe the design, synthesis and evaluation of [18F]fluoroethyltriazole-SBB ([18F]FET-SBB), a fluorine-18 radiolabelled derivative of SBB. The in vitro uptake of [18F]FET-SBB in a senescent cell line corelated with lipofuscin deposits; in vivo PET imaging and metabolite analysis confirm a favourable pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile for further studies of in vivo models of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Brickute
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Cen Chen
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Marta Braga
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Chris Barnes
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Ning Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Louis Allott
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of HullCottingham Road, Kingston upon HullHU6 7RXUK,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of HullCottingham Road, Kingston upon HullHU6 7RXUK
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
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22
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Wu Y, Xie M, Sun JH, Li CC, Dong GH, Zhang QS, Cui PL. Cellular senescence: a promising therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3463-3470. [PMID: 36069254 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most malignant cancers worldwide, and efforts have been made to elucidate the mechanism of colorectal carcinogenesis. Cellular senescence is a physiological process in cell life, but it is also found in cancer initiation and progression. Lines of evidence show that senescence may influence the development and progression of colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, the authors review the characteristics of senescence and the recent findings of a relationship between senescence and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- International Medical Services (IMS), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Min Xie
- International Medical Services (IMS), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jia-Huan Sun
- International Medical Services (IMS), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Cong-Cong Li
- International Medical Services (IMS), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ge-Hong Dong
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qin-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Pei-Lin Cui
- International Medical Services (IMS), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
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23
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Therapy-Induced Senescent/Polyploid Cancer Cells Undergo Atypical Divisions Associated with Altered Expression of Meiosis, Spermatogenesis and EMT Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158288. [PMID: 35955416 PMCID: PMC9368617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon anticancer treatment, cancer cells can undergo cellular senescence, i.e., the temporal arrest of cell division, accompanied by polyploidization and subsequent amitotic divisions, giving rise to mitotically dividing progeny. In this study, we sought to further characterize the cells undergoing senescence/polyploidization and their propensity for atypical divisions. We used p53-wild type MCF-7 cells treated with irinotecan (IRI), which we have previously shown undergo senescence/polyploidization. The propensity of cells to divide was measured by a BrdU incorporation assay, Ki67 protein level (cell cycle marker) and a time-lapse technique. Advanced electron microscopy-based cell visualization and bioinformatics for gene transcription analysis were also used. We found that after IRI-treatment of MCF-7 cells, the DNA replication and Ki67 level decreased temporally. Eventually, polyploid cells divided by budding. With the use of transmission electron microscopy, we showed the presence of mononuclear small cells inside senescent/polyploid ones. A comparison of the transcriptome of senescent cells at day three with day eight (when cells just start to escape senescence) revealed an altered expression of gene sets related to meiotic cell cycles, spermatogenesis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Although chemotherapy (DNA damage)-induced senescence is indispensable for temporary proliferation arrest of cancer cells, this response can be followed by their polyploidization and reprogramming, leading to more fit offspring.
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24
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Antitumor Effects of Ral-GTPases Downregulation in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158199. [PMID: 35897776 PMCID: PMC9330696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common tumor in the central nervous system in adults. This neoplasia shows a high capacity of growth and spreading to the surrounding brain tissue, hindering its complete surgical resection. Therefore, the finding of new antitumor therapies for GBM treatment is a priority. We have previously described that cyclin D1-CDK4 promotes GBM dissemination through the activation of the small GTPases RalA and RalB. In this paper, we show that RalB GTPase is upregulated in primary GBM cells. We found that the downregulation of Ral GTPases, mainly RalB, prevents the proliferation of primary GBM cells and triggers a senescence-like response. Moreover, downregulation of RalA and RalB reduces the viability of GBM cells growing as tumorspheres, suggesting a possible role of these GTPases in the survival of GBM stem cells. By using mouse subcutaneous xenografts, we have corroborated the role of RalB in GBM growth in vivo. Finally, we have observed that the knockdown of RalB also inhibits cell growth in temozolomide-resistant GBM cells. Overall, our work shows that GBM cells are especially sensitive to Ral-GTPase availability. Therefore, we propose that the inactivation of Ral-GTPases may be a reliable therapeutic approach to prevent GBM progression and recurrence.
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25
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Brahme A. Quantifying Cellular Repair, Misrepair and Apoptosis Induced by Boron Ions, Gamma Rays and PRIMA-1 Using the RHR Formulation. Radiat Res 2022; 198:271-296. [PMID: 35834822 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00011.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The recent interaction cross-section-based formulation for radiation-induced direct cellular inactivation, mild and severe sublethal damage, DNA-repair and cell survival have been developed to accurately describe cellular repair, misrepair and apoptosis in TP53 wild-type and mutant cells. The principal idea of this new non-homologous repairable-homologous repairable (RHR) damage formulation is to separately describe the mild damage that can be rapidly handled by the most basic repair processes including the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and more complex damage requiring longer repair times and high-fidelity homologous recombination (HR) repair. Taking the interaction between these two key mammalian DNA repair processes more accurately into account has significantly improved the method as indicated in the original publication. Based on the principal mechanisms of 7 repair and 8 misrepair processes presently derived, it has been possible to quite accurately describe the probability that some of these repair processes when unsuccessful can induce cellular apoptosis with increasing doses of γrays, boron ions and PRIMA-1. Interestingly, for all LETs studied (≈0.3-160 eV/nm) the increase in apoptosis saturates when the cell survival reaches about 10% and the fraction of un-hit cells is well below the 1% level. It is shown that most of the early cell kill for low-to-medium LETs are due to apoptosis since the cell survival as well as the non-apoptotic cells agree very well at low doses and other death processes dominate beyond D > 1 Gy. The low-dose apoptosis is due to the fact that the full activation of the checkpoint kinases ATM and Chk2 requires >8 and >18 DSBs per cell to phosphorylate p53 at serine 15 and 20. Therefore, DNA repair is not fully activated until well after 1/2 Gy, and the cellular response may be apoptotic by default before the low-dose hyper sensitivity (LDHS) is replaced by an increased radiation tolerance as the DNA repair processes get maximal efficiency. In effect, simultaneously explaining the LDHS and inverse dose rate phenomena. The partial contributions by the eight newly derived misrepair processes was determined so they together accurately described the experimental apoptosis induction data for γ rays and boron ions. Through these partial misrepair contributions it was possible to predict the apoptotic response based solely on carefully analyzed cell survival data, demonstrating the usefulness of an accurate DNA repair-based cell survival approach. The peak relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the boron ions was 3.5 at 160 eV/nm whereas the analogous peak relative apoptotic effectiveness (RAE) was 3.4 but at 40 eV/nm indicating the clinical value of the lower LET light ion (15 \le {\rm{LET}} \le 55{\rm{\ eV}}/{\rm{nm}},{\rm{\ }}2 \le Z \le 5) in therapeutic applications to maximize tumor apoptosis and senescence. The new survival expressions were also applied on mouse embryonic fibroblasts with key knocked-out repair genes, showing a good agreement between the principal non-homologous and homologous repair terms and also a reasonable prediction of the associated apoptotic induction. Finally, the formulation was used to estimate the increase in DNA repair and apoptotic response in combination with the mutant p53 reactivating compound PRIMA-1 and γ rays, indicating a 10-2 times increase in apoptosis with 5 μM of the compound reaching apoptosis levels not far from peak apoptosis boron ions in a TP53 mutant cell line. To utilize PRIMA-1 induced apoptosis and cellular sensitization for reactive oxygen species (ROS), concomitant biologically optimized radiation therapy is proposed to maximize the complication free tumor cure for the multitude of TP53 mutant tumors seen in the clinic. The experimental data also indicated the clinically very important high-absorbed dose ROS effect of PRIMA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Brahme
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sun CY, Talukder M, Cao D, Chen CW. Gilteritinib Enhances Anti-Tumor Efficacy of CDK4/6 Inhibitor, Abemaciclib in Lung Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:829759. [PMID: 35814226 PMCID: PMC9262324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.829759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abemaciclib is a cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Preclinical studies suggest that abemaciclib has the potential for lung cancer treatment. However, several clinical trials demonstrate that monotherapy with abemaciclib has no obvious superiority than erlotinib to treat lung cancer patients, limiting its therapeutic options for lung cancer treatment. Here, we show that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug, gilteritinib, enhances the cytotoxicity of abemaciclib through inducing apoptosis and senescence in lung cancer cells. Interestingly, abemaciclib in combination with gilteritinib leads to excessive accumulation of vacuoles in lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, combined abemaciclib and gilteritinib induces complete inactivation of AKT and retinoblastoma (Rb) pathways in lung cancer cells. In addition, RNA-sequencing data demonstrate that combination of abemaciclib and gilteritinib treatment induces G2 phase cell-cycle arrest, inhibits DNA replication, and leads to reduction in homologous recombination associated gene expressions. Of note, abemaciclib-resistant lung cancer cells are more sensitive to gilteritinib treatment. In a mouse xenograft model, combined abemaciclib and gilteritinib is more effective than either drug alone in suppressing tumor growth and appears to be well tolerated. Together, our findings support the combination of abemaciclib with gilteritinib as an effective strategy for the treatment of lung cancer, suggesting further evaluation of their efficacy is needed in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yue Sun
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Milton Talukder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | - Di Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cun-Wu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- *Correspondence: Cun-Wu Chen,
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Abstract
Senescence is a cellular response to a variety of stress signals that is characterized by a stable withdrawal from the cell cycle and major changes in cell morphology and physiology. While most research on senescence has been performed on non-cancer cells, it is evident that cancer cells can also mount a senescence response. In this Review, we discuss how senescence can be induced in cancer cells. We describe the distinctive features of senescent cancer cells and how these changes in cellular physiology might be exploited for the selective eradication of these cells (senolysis). We discuss activation of the host immune system as a particularly attractive way to clear senescent cancer cells. Finally, we consider the challenges and opportunities provided by a 'one-two punch' sequential treatment of cancer with pro-senescence therapy followed by senolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wang
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lina Lankhorst
- Cancer, Stem Cells & Developmental Biology programme, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kellers F, Fernandez A, Konukiewitz B, Schindeldecker M, Tagscherer KE, Heintz A, Jesinghaus M, Roth W, Foersch S. Senescence-Associated Molecules and Tumor-Immune-Interactions as Prognostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:865230. [PMID: 35492321 PMCID: PMC9039237 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.865230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The initiation of cellular senescence in response to protumorigenic stimuli counteracts malignant progression in (pre)malignant cells. Besides arresting proliferation, cells entering this terminal differentiation state adopt a characteristic senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which initiates alterations to their microenvironment and effects immunosurveillance of tumorous lesions. However, some effects mediated by senescent cells contribute to disease progression. Currently, the exploration of senescent cells' impact on the tumor microenvironment and the evaluation of senescence as possible target in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy demand reliable detection of cellular senescence in vivo. Therefore, specific immunohistochemical biomarkers are required. Our aim is to analyze the clinical implications of senescence detection in colorectal carcinoma and to investigate the interactions of senescent tumor cells and their immune microenvironment in vitro and in vivo. Methods Senescence was induced in CRC cell lines by low-dose-etoposide treatment and confirmed by Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-GAL) staining and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Co-cultures of senescent cells and immune cells were established. Multiple cell viability assays, electron microscopy and live cell imaging were conducted. Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers of senescence and immune cell subtypes were studied in a cohort of CRC patients by analyzing a tissue micro array (TMA) and performing digital image analysis. Results were compared to disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Varying expression of senescence markers in tumor cells was associated with in- or decreased survival of CRC patients. Proximity analysis of p21-positive senescent tumor cells and cytotoxic T cells revealed a significantly better prognosis for patients in which these cell types have the possibility to directly interact. In vitro, NK-92 cells (mimicking natural killer T cells) or TALL-104 cells (mimicking both cytotoxic T cells and natural killer T cells) led to dose-dependent specific cytotoxicity in >75 % of the senescent CRC cells but <20 % of the proliferating control CRC cells. This immune cell-mediated senolysis seems to be facilitated via direct cell-cell contact inducing apoptosis and granule exocytosis. Conclusion Counteracting tumorigenesis, cellular senescence is of significant relevance in CRC. We show the dual role of senescence bearing both beneficial and malignancy-promoting potential in vivo. Absence as well as exceeding expression of senescence markers are associated with bad prognosis in CRC. The antitumorigenic potential of senescence induction is determined by tumor micromilieu and immune cell-mediated elimination of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kellers
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aurélie Fernandez
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn Konukiewitz
- Institute of Pathology, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Achim Heintz
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Catholic Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Jesinghaus
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Foersch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Cellular senescence in cancers: relationship between bone marrow cancer and cellular senescence. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4003-4012. [PMID: 35449316 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are many factors and conditions that lead to cellular senescence. Replicative senescence and Hayflick phenomenon are the most important causes of cellular senescence. Senescent cells also lead to wound healing conditions resulting from injury and toxic conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS When a cell becomes senescent, it stops replication and begins to leak inflammatory signals before growth. It also alters the extracellular matrix and behavior of neighbor cells and even motivates them. This review was conducted to determine the association between senescence and bone marrow cancer. RESULTS The results showed that senescent cells have a short life span due to their self-destructive nature or natural removal from the body by the immune system. These signals are effective to a certain extent in regenerating the damaged cells when present in a transient state. Cellular senescence can decrease the risk of all cancers, including bone marrow cancer, ensuring that cells with significant DNA injury are prevented from replication. CONCLUSION However, senescent cells increase in number as they age, which is very harmful over time. These cells extend into an older tissue for longer periods of time and form longer clusters in older tissues. Therefore, cellular senescence significantly contributes to aging.
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Single-cell transcriptomics identifies Mcl-1 as a target for senolytic therapy in cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2177. [PMID: 35449130 PMCID: PMC9023465 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells subjected to treatment with anti-cancer therapies can evade apoptosis through cellular senescence. Persistent senescent tumor cells remain metabolically active, possess a secretory phenotype, and can promote tumor proliferation and metastatic dissemination. Removal of senescent tumor cells (senolytic therapy) has therefore emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we find that senescent tumor cells rely on the anti-apoptotic gene Mcl-1 for their survival. Mcl-1 is upregulated in senescent tumor cells, including cells expressing low levels of Bcl-2, an established target for senolytic therapy. While treatment with the Bcl-2 inhibitor Navitoclax results in the reduction of metastases in tumor bearing mice, treatment with the Mcl-1 inhibitor S63845 leads to complete elimination of senescent tumor cells and metastases. These findings provide insights on the mechanism by which senescent tumor cells survive and reveal a vulnerability that can be exploited for cancer therapy. Cell senescence remains a barrier to tumor elimination in many cancers. Here, the authors use single cell RNA-seq to identify a role for Mcl-1 in senescent cell survival, and show that Mcl-1 inhibition may be an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Chaturvedi P, George V, Shrestha N, Wang M, Dee MJ, Zhu X, Liu B, Egan J, D'Eramo F, Spanoudis C, Gallo V, Echeverri C, You L, Kong L, Fang B, Jeng EK, Rhode PR, Wong HC. Immunotherapeutic HCW9218 augments anti-tumor activity of chemotherapy via NK cell-mediated reduction of therapy-induced senescent cells. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1171-1187. [PMID: 35051615 PMCID: PMC8899672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy induced senescence (TIS) in tumors and TIS cancer cells secrete proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. SASP factors promote TIS cancer cells to re-enter the growth cycle with stemness characteristics, resulting in chemo-resistance and disease relapse. Herein, we show that the immunotherapeutic HCW9218, comprising transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor II and interleukin (IL)-15/IL-15 receptor α domains, enhances metabolic and cytotoxic activities of immune cells and reduces TIS tumor cells in vivo to improve the efficacy of docetaxel and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel against B16F10 melanoma and SW1990 pancreatic tumors, respectively. Mechanistically, HCW9218 treatment reduces the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and enhances immune cell infiltration and cytotoxicity in the tumors to eliminate TIS cancer cells. Immuno-depletion analysis suggests that HCW9218-activated natural killer cells play a pivotal role in TIS cancer cell removal. HCW9218 treatment following docetaxel chemotherapy further enhances efficacy of tumor antigen-specific and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice. We also show that HCW9218 treatment decreases TIS cells and lowers SASP factors in off-target tissues caused by chemotherapy of tumor-bearing mice. Collectively, HCW9218 has the potential to significantly enhance anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapy, therapeutic antibodies, and checkpoint blockade by eliminating TIS cancer cells while reducing TIS-mediated proinflammatory side effects in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meng Wang
- HCW Biologics Inc., Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | | | | | - Bai Liu
- HCW Biologics Inc., Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - Jack Egan
- HCW Biologics Inc., Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lijing You
- HCW Biologics Inc., Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - Lin Kong
- HCW Biologics Inc., Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - Byron Fang
- HCW Biologics Inc., Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | | | | | - Hing C. Wong
- HCW Biologics Inc., Miramar, FL 33025, USA,Corresponding author: Hing C. Wong, PhD, HCW Biologics Inc., 2929 N. Commerce Parkway, Miramar, FL 33025, USA.
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Ahmadinejad F, Bos T, Hu B, Britt E, Koblinski J, Souers AJ, Leverson JD, Faber AC, Gewirtz DA, Harada H. Senolytic-Mediated Elimination of Head and Neck Tumor Cells Induced Into Senescence by Cisplatin. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:168-180. [PMID: 34907000 PMCID: PMC8969145 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic outcomes achieved in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients by concurrent cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy initially reflect both tumor regression and tumor stasis. However, local and distant metastasis and disease relapse are common in HNSCC patients. In the current work, we demonstrate that cisplatin treatment induces senescence in both p53 wild-type HN30 and p53 mutant HN12 head and neck cancer models. We also show that tumor cells can escape from senescence both in vitro and in vivo. We further establish the effectiveness of the senolytic, ABT-263 (Navitoclax), in elimination of senescent tumor cells after cisplatin treatment. Navitoclax increased apoptosis by 3.3-fold (P ≤ 0.05) at day 7 compared with monotherapy by cisplatin. Additionally, we show that ABT-263 interferes with the interaction between B-cell lymphoma-x large (BCL-XL) and BAX, anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins, respectively, followed by BAX activation, suggesting that ABT-263-induced apoptotic cell death is mediated through BAX. Our in vivo studies also confirm senescence induction in tumor cells by cisplatin, and the promotion of apoptosis coupled with a significant delay of tumor growth after sequential treatment with ABT-263. Sequential treatment with cisplatin followed by ABT-263 extended the humane endpoint to ∼130 days compared with cisplatin alone, where mice survived ∼75 days. These results support the premise that senolytic agents could be used to eliminate residual senescent tumor cells after chemotherapy and thereby potentially delay disease recurrence in head and neck cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Disease recurrence is the most common cause of death in head and neck cancer patients. B-cell lymphoma-x large inhibitors such as ABT-263 (Navitoclax) have the capacity to be used in combination with cisplatin in head and neck cancer patients to eliminate senescent cells and possibly prevent disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hisashi Harada
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine (F.A.), Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry (T.B., E.B., A.C.F., H.H.), Cancer Mouse Models Core (B.H., J.K.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine (D.A.G.), Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois (A.J.S., J.D.L.)
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Fakhri S, Zachariah Moradi S, DeLiberto LK, Bishayee A. Cellular senescence signaling in cancer: A novel therapeutic target to combat human malignancies. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:114989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chu CQ. Highlights of Strategies Targeting Fibroblasts for Novel Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:846300. [PMID: 35252279 PMCID: PMC8891528 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.846300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) play a critical role in perpetuation of chronic inflammation by interaction with immune and inflammatory cells and in cartilage and bone invasion, but current therapies for RA are not directly targeted fibroblasts. Selectively fibroblast targeted therapy has been hampered because of lack of fibroblast specific molecular signature. Recent advancement in technology enabled us to gain insightful information concerning RA synovial fibroblast subpopulations and functions. Exploring fibroblast targeted therapies have been focused on inducing cell death via fibroblast associated proteins; interrupting fibroblast binding to matrix protein; blocking intercellular signaling between fibroblasts and endothelial cells; inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and invasion; promoting cell apoptosis and inducing cellular senescence, and modulating fibroblast glucose metabolism. Translation into clinical studies of these fibroblast targeted strategies is required for evaluation for their clinical application, in particular for combination therapy with current immune component targeted therapies. Here, several strategies of fibroblast targeted therapy are highlighted.
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FAK in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031726. [PMID: 35163650 PMCID: PMC8836199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed and activated in many cancer types. FAK regulates diverse cellular processes, including growth factor signaling, cell cycle progression, cell survival, cell motility, angiogenesis, and the establishment of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments through kinase-dependent and kinase-independent scaffolding functions in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Mounting evidence has indicated that targeting FAK, either alone or in combination with other agents, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for various cancers. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying FAK-mediated signaling networks during tumor development. We also summarize the recent progress of FAK-targeted small-molecule compounds for anticancer activity from preclinical and clinical evidence.
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Tubita A, Lombardi Z, Tusa I, Lazzeretti A, Sgrignani G, Papini D, Menconi A, Gagliardi S, Lulli M, Dello Sbarba P, Esparís-Ogando A, Pandiella A, Stecca B, Rovida E. Inhibition of ERK5 Elicits Cellular Senescence in Melanoma via the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21. Cancer Res 2022; 82:447-457. [PMID: 34799355 PMCID: PMC9397638 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer with a very poor prognosis in advanced stages. Although targeted and immune therapies have improved survival, not all patients benefit from these treatments. The mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK5 supports the growth of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. However, ERK5 inhibition results in cell-cycle arrest rather than appreciable apoptosis. To clarify the role of ERK5 in melanoma growth, we performed transcriptomic analyses following ERK5 knockdown in melanoma cells expressing BRAFV600E and found that cellular senescence was among the most affected processes. In melanoma cells expressing either wild-type or mutant (V600E) BRAF, both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of ERK5 elicited cellular senescence, as observed by a marked increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and p21 expression. In addition, depletion of ERK5 from melanoma cells resulted in increased levels of CXCL1, CXCL8, and CCL20, proteins typically involved in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Knockdown of p21 suppressed the induction of cellular senescence by ERK5 blockade, pointing to p21 as a key mediator of this process. In vivo, ERK5 knockdown or inhibition with XMD8-92 in melanoma xenografts promoted cellular senescence. Based on these results, small-molecule compounds targeting ERK5 constitute a rational series of prosenescence drugs that may be exploited for melanoma treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that targeting ERK5 induces p21-mediated cellular senescence in melanoma, identifying a prosenescence effect of ERK5 inhibitors that may be exploited for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tubita
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Zoe Lombardi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ignazia Tusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Azzurra Lazzeretti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sgrignani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Dimitri Papini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Menconi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sinforosa Gagliardi
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Persio Dello Sbarba
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Azucena Esparís-Ogando
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), CIBERONC, Salamanca, Spain
- CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Barbara Stecca
- Core Research Laboratory - Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Olszewska A, Borkowska A, Granica M, Karolczak J, Zglinicki B, Kieda C, Was H. Escape From Cisplatin-Induced Senescence of Hypoxic Lung Cancer Cells Can Be Overcome by Hydroxychloroquine. Front Oncol 2022; 11:738385. [PMID: 35127467 PMCID: PMC8813758 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the commonly used treatment for advanced lung cancer. However, it produces side effects such as the development of chemoresistance. A possible responsible mechanism may be therapy-induced senescence (TIS). TIS cells display increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and irreversible growth arrest. However, recent data suggest that TIS cells can reactivate their proliferative potential and lead to cancer recurrence. Our previous study indicated that reactivation of proliferation by TIS cells might be related with autophagy modulation. However, exact relationship between both processes required further studies. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the role of autophagy in the senescence-related chemoresistance of lung cancer cells. For this purpose, human and murine lung cancer cells were treated with two commonly used chemotherapeutics: cisplatin (CIS), which forms DNA adducts or docetaxel (DOC), a microtubule poison. Hypoxia, often overlooked in experimental settings, has been implicated as a mechanism responsible for a significant change in the response to treatment. Thus, cells were cultured under normoxic (~19% O2) or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. Herein, we show that hypoxia increases resistance to CIS. Lung cancer cells cultured under hypoxic conditions escaped from CIS-induced senescence, displayed reduced SA-β-gal activity and a decreased percentage of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In turn, hypoxia increased the proliferation of lung cancer cells and the proportion of cells proceeding to the G0/G1 phase. Further molecular analyses demonstrated that hypoxia inhibited the prosenescent p53/p21 signaling pathway and induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in CIS-treated cancer cells. In cells treated with DOC, such effects were not observed. Of importance, pharmacological autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was capable of overcoming short-term CIS-induced resistance of lung cancer cells in hypoxic conditions. Altogether, our data demonstrated that hypoxia favors cancer cell escape from CIS-induced senescence, what could be overcome by inhibition of autophagy with HCQ. Therefore, we propose that HCQ might be used to interfere with the ability of senescent cancer cells to repopulate following exposure to DNA-damaging agents. This effect, however, needs to be tested in a long-term perspective for preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Olszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Borkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Granica
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School of Translational Medicine, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Karolczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Zglinicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Halina Was
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Halina Was,
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Si F, Huang L, Gao A, Lin W, Hoft DF, Shao Q, Peng G. Citrate Promotes Excessive Lipid Biosynthesis and Senescence in Tumor Cells for Tumor Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2101553. [PMID: 34747157 PMCID: PMC8728847 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorder is one of the hallmarks of cancers, and reprogramming of metabolism is becoming a novel strategy for cancer treatment. Citrate is a key metabolite and critical metabolic regulator linking glycolysis and lipid metabolism in cellular energy homeostasis. Here it is reported that citrate treatment (both sodium citrate and citric acid) significantly suppresses tumor cell proliferation and growth in various tumor types. Mechanistically, citrate promotes excessive lipid biosynthesis and induces disruption of lipid metabolism in tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell senescence and growth inhibition. Furthermore, ATM-associated DNA damage response cooperates with MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways to control citrate-induced tumor cell growth arrest and senescence. In vivo studies further demonstrate that citrate administration dramatically inhibits tumor growth and progression in a colon cancer xenograft model. Importantly, citrate administration combined with the conventional chemotherapy drugs exhibits synergistic antitumor effects in vivo in the colon cancer models. These results clearly indicate that citrate can reprogram lipid metabolism and cell fate in cancer cells, and targeting citrate can be a promising therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjing Zhao
- Department of ImmunologyKey Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013P. R. China
- Division of Infectious DiseasesAllergy & Immunology and Department of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO63104USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Division of Infectious DiseasesAllergy & Immunology and Department of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO63104USA
| | - Fusheng Si
- Division of Infectious DiseasesAllergy & Immunology and Department of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO63104USA
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of ImmunologyKey Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013P. R. China
- Division of Infectious DiseasesAllergy & Immunology and Department of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO63104USA
| | - Aiqin Gao
- Division of Infectious DiseasesAllergy & Immunology and Department of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO63104USA
| | - Wenli Lin
- Division of Infectious DiseasesAllergy & Immunology and Department of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO63104USA
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Division of Infectious DiseasesAllergy & Immunology and Department of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO63104USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO63104USA
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of ImmunologyKey Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu ProvinceSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013P. R. China
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Infectious DiseasesAllergy & Immunology and Department of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO63104USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & ImmunologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO63104USA
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Chang CH, Sung WW. Nevi, dysplastic nevi, and melanoma: Molecular and immune mechanisms involving the progression. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:1-7. [PMID: 35233349 PMCID: PMC8830542 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_158_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic nevi, dysplastic nevi, and melanoma are all derived from the pigment-producing cells, namely melanocytes. Concerning the clinical spectrum, cutaneous melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer with a low survival rate, while nevi are the most common benign lesions in the general population, and dysplastic nevi place in between nevi and melanoma. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a well-recognized extrinsic risk factor for all three. BRAFV600E is a well-recognized driver mutation that activates the RAS-BRAF-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway among 40%–60% of melanoma cases. Interestingly, BRAFV600E mutation is detected even more in acquired nevi, approximately 80%. However, in nevi, several tumor suppressors such as p53 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are intact, and senescence factors, including p15INK4b, p16INK4a, p19, and senescence-associated acidic β-galactosidase, are expressed, leading to cell senescence and cell cycle arrest. Although loss of p53 function is rarely found in melanoma, decreased or loss of PTEN with an activated PI3k/Akt signaling pathway is common in nevi, which may abolish senescence status and allow further progression into dysplastic nevi or melanoma. At present, mouse models closely resembling human nevi are used for investigating these phenomena. Melanocortin 1 receptor deficiency, an intrinsic risk factor for melanomagenesis, is related to the production of procarcinogenic pheomelanin and the inhibition of PTEN function. Immune response escape via programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 interaction plays further roles in monitoring the spectrum. Here, we review the current literature on the molecular and immune mechanisms involving the transition from benign nevi to malignant melanoma.
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Roger L, Tomas F, Gire V. Mechanisms and Regulation of Cellular Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313173. [PMID: 34884978 PMCID: PMC8658264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence entails a state of an essentially irreversible proliferative arrest in which cells remain metabolically active and secrete a range of pro-inflammatory and proteolytic factors as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. There are different types of senescent cells, and senescence can be induced in response to many DNA damage signals. Senescent cells accumulate in different tissues and organs where they have distinct physiological and pathological functions. Despite this diversity, all senescent cells must be able to survive in a nondividing state while protecting themselves from positive feedback loops linked to the constant activation of the DNA damage response. This capacity requires changes in core cellular programs. Understanding how different cell types can undergo extensive changes in their transcriptional programs, metabolism, heterochromatin patterns, and cellular structures to induce a common cellular state is crucial to preventing cancer development/progression and to improving health during aging. In this review, we discuss how senescent cells continuously evolve after their initial proliferative arrest and highlight the unifying features that define the senescent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauréline Roger
- Structure and Instability of Genomes Laboratory, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), CNRS-UMR 7196/INSERM U1154, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Fanny Tomas
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Véronique Gire
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-434359513; Fax: +33-(0)-434359410
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. Key promoters of tumor hallmarks. Int J Clin Oncol 2021; 27:45-58. [PMID: 34773527 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-021-02074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of tumor hallmarks is a result of accommodation of tumor cells with their nearby milieu called tumor microenvironment (TME). Accommodation or adaptive responses is highly important for a cell to survive, without which no cell is allowed to take any further steps in tumorigenesis. Metabolism of cancer cells is largely depended on stroma. Composition and plasticity of cells within the stroma is highly affected from inflammatory setting of TME. Hypoxia which is a common event in many solid cancers, is known as one of the key hallmarks of chronic inflammation and the master regulator of metastasis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is produced in the chronic inflammatory and chronic hypoxic settings, and it is considered as a cardinal factor for induction of all tumor hallmarks. Aging, obesity and smoking are the main predisposing factors of cancer, acting mainly through modulation of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Molecular aspects of pancreatic cancer: focus on reprogrammed metabolism in a nutrient-deficient environment and potential therapeutic targets. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:258-263. [PMID: 34764796 PMCID: PMC8568029 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still burdened with high mortality (5-year survival rate < 9%) due to late diagnosis, aggressiveness, and a lack of more effective treatment methods. Early diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches based on the reprogrammed metabolism of the tumor in a nutrient-deficient environment are expected to improve the future treatment of PDAC patients. Research results suggest that genetic and metabolic disorders may precede the onset of neoplastic changes, which should allow for earlier appropriate treatment. Glycolysis and glutaminolysis are the most investigated pathways associated with the highest aggressiveness of pancreatic tumors. Blocking of selected metabolic pathways related to the local adaptive metabolic activity of pancreatic cancer cells improving nutrient acquisition and metabolic crosstalk within the microenvironment to sustain proliferation may inhibit cancer development, increase cancer cells death, and increase sensitivity to other forms of treatment (e.g., chemotherapy). Depriving cancer cells of important nutrients (glucose, glutamine) revealed tumor “checkpoints” for the mechanisms that drive cell proliferation and metastasis formation in order to determine its accuracy for individualization of the therapeutic approach. The present review highlights selected metabolic signaling pathways and their regulators aimed at inhibiting the neoplastic process. Particular attention has been paid to the adaptive metabolism of pancreatic cancer, which promotes its development in an oxygen-deficient and nutrient-poor environment.
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Sikora E, Bielak-Zmijewska A, Mosieniak G. A common signature of cellular senescence; does it exist? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101458. [PMID: 34500043 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response, which can be evoked in all type of somatic cells by different stimuli. Senescent cells accumulate in the body and participate in aging and aging-related diseases mainly by their secretory activity, commonly known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype-SASP. Senescence is typically described as cell cycle arrest. This definition stems from the original observation concerning limited cell division potential of human fibroblasts in vitro. At present, the process of cell senescence is attributed also to cancer cells and to non-proliferating post-mitotic cells. Many cellular signaling pathways and specific and unspecific markers contribute to the complex, dynamic and heterogeneous phenotype of senescent cells. Considering the diversity of cells that can undergo senescence upon different inducers and variety of mechanisms involved in the execution of this process, we ask if there is a common signature of cell senescence. It seems that cell cycle arrest in G0, G1 or G2 is indispensable for cell senescence; however, to ensure irreversibility of divisions, the exit from the cell cycle to the state, which we call a GS (Gero Stage), is necessary. The DNA damage, changes in nuclear architecture and chromatin rearrangement are involved in signaling pathways leading to altered gene transcription and secretion of SASP components. Thus, nuclear changes and SASP are vital features of cell senescence that, together with temporal arrest in the cell cycle (G1 or/and G2), which may be followed by polyploidisation/depolyploidisation or exit from the cell cycle leading to permanent proliferation arrest (GS), define the signature of cellular senescence.
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Jia Q, Xie B, Zhao Z, Huang L, Wei G, Ni T. Lung cancer cells expressing a shortened CDK16 3'UTR escape senescence through impaired miR-485-5p targeting. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1347-1364. [PMID: 34687270 PMCID: PMC8936527 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing senescence in cancer cells is an emerging strategy for cancer therapy. The dysregulation and mutation of genes encoding cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) have been implicated in various human cancers. However, whether CDK can induce cancer cell senescence remains poorly understood. We observed that CDK16 expression was high in multiple cancer types, including lung cancer, whereas various replicative senescence models displayed low CDK16 expression. CDK16 knockdown caused senescence‐associated phenotypes in lung cancer cell lines. Interestingly, the CDK16 3′ UTR was shortened in cancer and lengthened in senescence models, which was regulated by alternative polyadenylation (APA). The longer 3′UTR [using the distal polyA (pA) site] generated less protein than the shorter one (using the proximal pA site). Since microRNAs (miRNAs) usually bind to the 3′UTR of target genes to suppress their expression, we investigated whether miRNAs targeting the region between the shortened and longer 3′UTR are responsible for the reduced expression. We found that miR‐485‐5p targeted the 3′UTR between the distal and proximal pA site and caused senescence‐associated phenotypes by reducing protein production from the longer CDK16 transcript. Of note, CDK16 knockdown led to a reduced expression of MYC proto‐oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC) and CD274 molecule (PD‐L1), which in turn enhanced the tumor‐suppressive effects of senescent cancer cells. The present study discovered that CDK16, whose expression is under the regulation of APA and miR‐485‐5p, is a potential target for prosenescence therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiyun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaozhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leihuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences and Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Delineating the Switch between Senescence and Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cells under Ciclopirox Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194995. [PMID: 34638479 PMCID: PMC8508512 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Novel treatment options for cervical cancer are urgently required. Ciclopirox (CPX), an iron chelator, has shown promising anti-tumorigenic potential in several preclinical tumor models, including cervical cancer cells. In these cells, CPX can induce apoptosis, a form of cell death, or senescence, an irreversible cellular growth arrest. These different phenotypic outcomes may influence therapy response. Here, we show that the decision of cervical cancer cells to induce apoptosis or senescence is strongly dependent on glucose availability: CPX induces apoptosis under limited glucose availability, whereas under increased glucose supply, CPX treatment results in senescence. Further, we link the pro-apoptotic and pro-senescent activities of CPX to its capacity to block oxidative phosphorylation and to chelate iron, respectively. In addition, we show that the combined treatment of CPX and glycolysis inhibitors blocks the proliferation of cervical cancer cells in a synergistic manner. Collectively, we provide novel insights into the anti-proliferative activities of CPX in cervical cancer cells, elucidate the cellular decision between apoptosis or senescence induction, and provide a rationale to combine CPX with glycolysis inhibitors. Abstract The iron-chelating drug ciclopirox (CPX) may possess therapeutic potential for cancer treatment, including cervical cancer. As is observed for other chemotherapeutic drugs, CPX can induce senescence or apoptosis in cervical cancer cells which could differently affect their therapy response. The present study aims to gain insights into the determinants which govern the switch between senescence and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. We performed proteome analyses, proliferation studies by live-cell imaging and colony formation assays, senescence and apoptosis assays, and combination treatments of CPX with inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) or glycolysis. We found that CPX downregulates OXPHOS factors and facilitates the induction of apoptosis under limited glucose availability, an effect which is shared by classical OXPHOS inhibitors. Under increased glucose availability, however, CPX-induced apoptosis is prevented and senescence is induced, an activity which is not exerted by classical OXPHOS inhibitors, but by other iron chelators. Moreover, we show that the combination of CPX with glycolysis inhibitors blocks cervical cancer proliferation in a synergistic manner. Collectively, our results reveal that the phenotypic response of cervical cancer cells towards CPX is strongly dependent on glucose availability, link the pro-apoptotic and pro-senescent activities of CPX to its bifunctionality as an OXPHOS inhibitor and iron chelator, respectively, and provide a rationale for combining CPX with glycolysis inhibitors.
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Fu X, Li M, Tang C, Huang Z, Najafi M. Targeting of cancer cell death mechanisms by resveratrol: a review. Apoptosis 2021; 26:561-573. [PMID: 34561763 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell death is the utmost aim in cancer therapy. Anti-cancer agents can induce apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, senescence, or autophagy through the production of free radicals and induction of DNA damage. However, cancer cells can acquire some new properties to adapt to anti-cancer agents. An increase in the incidence of apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, senescence, and necrosis is in favor of overcoming tumor resistance to therapy. Although an increase in the autophagy process may help the survival of cancer cells, some studies indicated that stimulation of autophagy cell death may be useful for cancer therapy. Using some low toxic agents to amplify cancer cell death is interesting for the eradication of clonogenic cancer cells. Resveratrol (a polyphenol agent) may affect various signaling pathways related to cell death. It can induce death signals and also downregulate the expression of anti-apoptotic genes. Resveratrol has also been shown to modulate autophagy and induce mitotic catastrophe and senescence in some cancer cells. This review focuses on the important targets and mechanisms for the modulation of cancer cell death by resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Mu Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Cuilian Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Zezhi Huang
- Shaoyang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Diagnosis, Shaoyang, 422000, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Saito Y, Chikenji TS. Diverse Roles of Cellular Senescence in Skeletal Muscle Inflammation, Regeneration, and Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:739510. [PMID: 34552495 PMCID: PMC8450382 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.739510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle undergoes vigorous tissue remodeling after injury. However, aging, chronic inflammatory diseases, sarcopenia, and neuromuscular disorders cause muscle loss and degeneration, resulting in muscular dysfunction. Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, acts during normal embryonic development and remodeling after tissue damage; when these processes are complete, the senescent cells are eliminated. However, the accumulation of senescent cells is a hallmark of aging tissues or pathological contexts and may lead to progressive tissue degeneration. The mechanisms responsible for the effects of senescent cells have not been fully elucidated. Here, we review current knowledge about the beneficial and detrimental effects of senescent cells in tissue repair, regeneration, aging, and age-related disease, especially in skeletal muscle. We also discuss how senescence of muscle stem cells and muscle-resident fibro-adipogenic progenitors affects muscle pathologies or regeneration, and consider the possibility that immunosenescence leads to muscle pathogenesis. Finally, we explore senotherapy, the therapeutic targeting of senescence to treat age-related disease, from the standpoint of improving muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takako S Chikenji
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Senescence in HBV-, HCV- and NAFLD- Mediated Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Senotherapeutics: Current Evidence and Future Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184732. [PMID: 34572959 PMCID: PMC8468315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell senescence constitutes a physiological process that serves as protection from malignant transformation of cells. However, recent scientific discoveries also identify cell senescence as pivotal in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) biology. The review herein aimed to accumulate evidence on senescence as a mediator of HCC occurrence in hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV) virus infections, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In HBV infection, the carcinogenic HBV X protein frequently mutates during chronic infection, and subsequently exhibits different effects on senescence. In HCV infection, senescent non-functional T-cells do not effectively clear pre-malignant hepatocytes. Furthermore, the HCV Core protein inhibits the occurrence of normal stress-induced hepatocyte senescence, allowing damaged cells to maintain their proliferative potential. In NAFLD-mediated HCC, current data point towards the gut microbiome and hepatic stellate cell senescence. Additionally, senescence contributes in the development of resistance in targeted therapies, such as sorafenib. Finally, the promising role of senotherapeutics in HCC was also explored. Overall, although we may still be at a primitive stage in fully unraveling the role of senescence in cancer, it seems that understanding and harnessing senescence may have the potential to revolutionize the way we treat hepatocellular cancer.
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Expression of oncogenic HRAS in human Rh28 and RMS-YM rhabdomyosarcoma cells leads to oncogene-induced senescence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16505. [PMID: 34389744 PMCID: PMC8363632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma. The two predominant histologic variants of RMS, embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (eRMS and aRMS, respectively), carry very different prognoses. While eRMS is associated with an intermediate prognosis, the 5-year survival rate of aRMS is less than 30%. The RMS subtypes are also different at the molecular level-eRMS frequently has multiple genetic alterations, including mutations in RAS and TP53, whereas aRMS often has chromosomal translocations resulting in PAX3-FOXO1 or PAX7-FOXO1 fusions, but otherwise has a "quiet" genome. Interestingly, mutations in RAS are rarely found in aRMS. In this study, we explored the role of oncogenic RAS in aRMS. We found that while ectopic oncogenic HRAS expression was tolerated in the human RAS-driven eRMS cell line RD, it was detrimental to cell growth and proliferation in the human aRMS cell line Rh28. Growth inhibition was mediated by oncogene-induced senescence and associated with increased RB pathway activity and expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16 and p21. Unexpectedly, the human eRMS cell line RMS-YM, a RAS wild-type eRMS cell line, also exhibited growth inhibition in response to oncogenic HRAS in a manner similar to aRMS Rh28 cells. This work suggests that oncogenic RAS is expressed in a context-dependent manner in RMS and may provide insight into the differential origins and therapeutic opportunities for RMS subtypes.
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50
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Doxorubicin and doxorubicin-loaded nanoliposome induce senescence by enhancing oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, and in vivo genotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1803-1813. [PMID: 34219194 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The senescence phenomenon is historically considered as a tumor-suppressing mechanism that can permanently arrest the proliferation of damaged cells, and prevent tumor eradication by activating cell cycle regulatory pathways. Doxorubicin (DX) as an antineoplastic agent has been used for the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies for a long time, but its clinical use is limited due to irreversible toxicity on off-target tissues. Thereby, the encapsulation of plain drugs in a vehicle may decrease the side effects while increasing their permeability and availability in target cells. Here, we aimed to investigate and compare the effects of DX and DX-loaded nanoliposome (NLDX) on the induction of senescence via assessment of the occurrence of apoptosis/necrosis, genomic damage, oxidative stress, and liver pathologies. The study groups included DX (0.75, 0.5, 0.1 mg/kg/BW), NLDX groups (0.1, 0.05, 0.025 mg/kg/BW), and an untreated control group. The liver tissues were used to investigate the oxidative stress parameters and probable biochemical and histopathological alterations. Annexin V/PI staining was carried out to find the type of cellular death in the liver tissue of healthy rats exposed to different concentrations of DOX and LDOX. Data revealed that the highest dose of NLDX (0.1 mg/kg/BW) could significantly induce cellular senescence throughout significant increasing the level of genotoxic damage (p < 0.0001) and the oxidative stress (p < 0.001) compared with a similar dose of DX, in which the obtained results were further confirmed by flow cytometry and histopathological assessments of the liver tissue. This investigation provides sufficient evidence of improved therapeutic efficacy of NLDX compared with plain DX in male Wistar rats.
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