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Holm NR, Andreasen LN, Neghabat O, Laanmets P, Kumsars I, Bennett J, Olsen NT, Odenstedt J, Hoffmann P, Dens J, Chowdhary S, O'Kane P, Bülow Rasmussen SH, Heigert M, Havndrup O, Van Kuijk JP, Biscaglia S, Mogensen LJH, Henareh L, Burzotta F, H Eek C, Mylotte D, Llinas MS, Koltowski L, Knaapen P, Calic S, Witt N, Santos-Pardo I, Watkins S, Lønborg J, Kristensen AT, Jensen LO, Calais F, Cockburn J, McNeice A, Kajander OA, Heestermans T, Kische S, Eftekhari A, Spratt JC, Christiansen EH. OCT or Angiography Guidance for PCI in Complex Bifurcation Lesions. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1477-1487. [PMID: 37634149 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2307770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with better clinical outcomes than angiography-guided PCI. Whether routine optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance in PCI of lesions involving coronary-artery branch points (bifurcations) improves clinical outcomes as compared with angiographic guidance is uncertain. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial at 38 centers in Europe. Patients with a clinical indication for PCI and a complex bifurcation lesion identified by means of coronary angiography were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to OCT-guided PCI or angiography-guided PCI. The primary end point was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as death from a cardiac cause, target-lesion myocardial infarction, or ischemia-driven target-lesion revascularization at a median follow-up of 2 years. RESULTS We assigned 1201 patients to OCT-guided PCI (600 patients) or angiography-guided PCI (601 patients). A total of 111 patients (18.5%) in the OCT-guided PCI group and 116 (19.3%) in the angiography-guided PCI group had a bifurcation lesion involving the left main coronary artery. At 2 years, a primary end-point event had occurred in 59 patients (10.1%) in the OCT-guided PCI group and in 83 patients (14.1%) in the angiography-guided PCI group (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.50 to 0.98; P = 0.035). Procedure-related complications occurred in 41 patients (6.8%) in the OCT-guided PCI group and 34 patients (5.7%) in the angiography-guided PCI group. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with complex coronary-artery bifurcation lesions, OCT-guided PCI was associated with a lower incidence of MACE at 2 years than angiography-guided PCI. (Funded by Abbott Vascular and others; OCTOBER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03171311.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels R Holm
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Lene N Andreasen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Omeed Neghabat
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Peep Laanmets
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Indulis Kumsars
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Johan Bennett
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Niels T Olsen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Jacob Odenstedt
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Pavel Hoffmann
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Jo Dens
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Saqib Chowdhary
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Peter O'Kane
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Søren-Haldur Bülow Rasmussen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Matthias Heigert
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Ole Havndrup
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Jan P Van Kuijk
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Simone Biscaglia
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Lone J H Mogensen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Loghman Henareh
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Francesco Burzotta
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Christian H Eek
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Darren Mylotte
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Miquel S Llinas
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Lukasz Koltowski
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Paul Knaapen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Slobodan Calic
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Nils Witt
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Irene Santos-Pardo
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Stuart Watkins
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Jacob Lønborg
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Andreas T Kristensen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Lisette O Jensen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Fredrik Calais
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - James Cockburn
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Andrew McNeice
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Olli A Kajander
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Ton Heestermans
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Stephan Kische
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Ashkan Eftekhari
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - James C Spratt
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
| | - Evald H Christiansen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus (N.R.H., L.N.A., O.N., S.-H.B.R., L.J.H.M., M.S.L., E.H.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte (N.T.O., A.T.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde (O.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (J.L.), the Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense (L.O.J.), and the Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg (A.E.) - all in Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia (P.L.); Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia (I.K.); the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven (J.B.), and the Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk (J.D.) - both in Belgium; the Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg (J.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital (L.H.), and the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Unit of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset (N.W., I.S.-P.), Stockholm, and the Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro (F.C.) - all in Sweden; the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål (P.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim (M.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo (C.E.), and the Department of Cardiology, Sørlandet Sykehus Arendal, Arendal (S. Calic) - all in Norway; the Department of Cardiology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester (S. Chowdhary), the Department of Cardiology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth (P.O.), the Department of Cardiology, Golden Jubilee Hospital, Glasgow (S.W.), the Department of Cardiology, Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton (J.C.), the Department of Cardiology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast (A.M.), and Cardiology Care Group, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St. George's University of London, London (J.C.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Ziekenhaus, Nieuwegein (J.P.V.K.), the Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam (P.K.), and the Department of Cardiology, Northwest Hospital Alkmaar, Alkmaar (T.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cardiology Unit, Ferrara (S.B.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome (F.B.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland (D.M.); 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (L.K.); Tampere Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland (O.A.K.); and Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin (S.K.)
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Lee JM, Choi KH, Song YB, Lee JY, Lee SJ, Lee SY, Kim SM, Yun KH, Cho JY, Kim CJ, Ahn HS, Nam CW, Yoon HJ, Park YH, Lee WS, Jeong JO, Song PS, Doh JH, Jo SH, Yoon CH, Kang MG, Koh JS, Lee KY, Lim YH, Cho YH, Cho JM, Jang WJ, Chun KJ, Hong D, Park TK, Yang JH, Choi SH, Gwon HC, Hahn JY. Intravascular Imaging-Guided or Angiography-Guided Complex PCI. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:1668-1679. [PMID: 36876735 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2216607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding clinical outcomes after intravascular imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for complex coronary-artery lesions, as compared with outcomes after angiography-guided PCI, are limited. METHODS In this prospective, multicenter, open-label trial in South Korea, we randomly assigned patients with complex coronary-artery lesions in a 2:1 ratio to undergo either intravascular imaging-guided PCI or angiography-guided PCI. In the intravascular imaging group, the choice between intravascular ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography was at the operators' discretion. The primary end point was a composite of death from cardiac causes, target-vessel-related myocardial infarction, or clinically driven target-vessel revascularization. Safety was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 1639 patients underwent randomization, with 1092 assigned to undergo intravascular imaging-guided PCI and 547 assigned to undergo angiography-guided PCI. At a median follow-up of 2.1 years (interquartile range, 1.4 to 3.0), a primary end-point event had occurred in 76 patients (cumulative incidence, 7.7%) in the intravascular imaging group and in 60 patients (cumulative incidence, 12.3%) in the angiography group (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.45 to 0.89; P = 0.008). Death from cardiac causes occurred in 16 patients (cumulative incidence, 1.7%) in the intravascular imaging group and in 17 patients (cumulative incidence, 3.8%) in the angiography group; target-vessel-related myocardial infarction occurred in 38 (cumulative incidence, 3.7%) and 30 (cumulative incidence, 5.6%), respectively; and clinically driven target-vessel revascularization in 32 (cumulative incidence, 3.4%) and 25 (cumulative incidence, 5.5%), respectively. There were no apparent between-group differences in the incidence of procedure-related safety events. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with complex coronary-artery lesions, intravascular imaging-guided PCI led to a lower risk of a composite of death from cardiac causes, target-vessel-related myocardial infarction, or clinically driven target-vessel revascularization than angiography-guided PCI. (Supported by Abbott Vascular and Boston Scientific; RENOVATE-COMPLEX-PCI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03381872).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Myung Lee
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Ki Hong Choi
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Young Bin Song
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Sang Yeub Lee
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Kyeong Ho Yun
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Jae Young Cho
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Chan Joon Kim
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Hyo-Suk Ahn
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Chang-Wook Nam
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Hyuck-Jun Yoon
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Wang Soo Lee
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Jeong
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Pil Sang Song
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Joon-Hyung Doh
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jo
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Yoon
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kang
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Jin-Sin Koh
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Kwan Yong Lee
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Young-Hyo Lim
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Yun-Hyeong Cho
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Jin-Man Cho
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Jang
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Kook-Jin Chun
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - David Hong
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Taek Kyu Park
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Yang
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyuk Choi
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
| | - Joo-Yong Hahn
- From Samsung Medical Center (J.M.L., K.H.C., Y.B.S., D.H., T.K.P., J.H.Y., S.-H.C., H.-C.G., J.-Y.H.) and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (J.-Y.L., S.-J.L.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital (C.J.K., H.-S.A.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital (W.S.L.), the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital (K.Y.L.), Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Hanyang University (Y.-H.L.), Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong (J.-M.C.), and Ewha Womans University College of Medicine (W.J.J.), Seoul, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju (S.Y.L., S.M.K.), Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong (S.Y.L.), Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan (K.H.Y., J.Y.C.), Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu (C.-W.N., H.-J.Y.), Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon (Y.H.P.), Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon (J.-O.J., P.S.S.), Inje University Ilsan-Paik hospital, Goyang (J.-H.D.), the Cardiovascular Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang (S.-H.J.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si (C.-H.Y.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju (M.G.K., J.-S.K.), Hanyang University Myongji Hospital, Goyang (Y.-H.C.), and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan (K.-J.C.) - all in South Korea
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