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Wang J, Zhang Z, Liu X, Shi S, Lv J, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Exploring Novel Adverse Events of Nefecon. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:2705-2717. [PMID: 39291217 PMCID: PMC11403076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nefecon, the first innovative drug approved by both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency for IgA nephropathy (IgAN), lacked comprehensive real-world assessments of its adverse events (AEs). Methods We leveraged postmarketing data of Nefecon from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), employing disproportionate analysis (DPA) to detect positive signals at the system organ class (SOC) and preferred terms (PTs) levels. Duplicate AEs related to budesonide and those previously reported in studies were excluded through the use of the Medical Dictionary of Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). Our analysis encompassed time-to-onset (TTO), Weibull shape parameter (WSP) evaluation, cumulative incidence, clinical prioritization evaluation, and subgroup analysis based on gender and age. Results A total of 1515 individuals with IgAN were included. Five positive SOC signals and 23 positive PT signals were identified, including 4 PTs (asthenia, malaise, product dose omission issue, and anxiety) representing novel AEs newly identified in this study. None of the positive PTs were classified as high clinical priority, with only acne, hypertension, swelling face, and weight increased considered as moderate clinical priority events. The median time to TTO was 31 days. All WSP test results indicated an early failure type profile. Lastly, subgroup analysis provided further insights into the relative risk of specific AEs. Conclusion Nefecon demonstrates a favorable safety profile, with no high-priority clinical events identified. The identification of novel AEs and subgroup-specific relative high-risk events fills a gap in existing studies and offers valuable insights for early clinical vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzi Liu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Shi
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Lv
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuemiao Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Chen YS, Jin E, Day PJ. Use of Drug Sensitisers to Improve Therapeutic Index in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:928. [PMID: 39065625 PMCID: PMC11279903 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of malignant tumours is challenging, often leading to severe adverse effects and death. Drug resistance (DR) antagonises the effectiveness of treatments, and increasing drug dosage can worsen the therapeutic index (TI). Current efforts to overcome DR predominantly involve the use of drug combinations, including applying multiple anti-cancerous drugs, employing drug sensitisers, which are chemical agents that enhance pharmacokinetics (PK), including the targeting of cellular pathways and regulating pertinent membrane transporters. While combining multiple compounds may lead to drug-drug interactions (DDI) or polypharmacy effect, the use of drug sensitisers permits rapid attainment of effective treatment dosages at the disease site to prevent early DR and minimise side effects and will reduce the chance of DDI as lower drug doses are required. This review highlights the essential use of TI in evaluating drug dosage for cancer treatment and discusses the lack of a unified standard for TI within the field. Commonly used benefit-risk assessment criteria are summarised, and the critical exploration of the current use of TI in the pharmaceutical industrial sector is included. Specifically, this review leads to the discussion of drug sensitisers to facilitate improved ratios of effective dose to toxic dose directly in humans. The combination of drug and sensitiser molecules might see additional benefits to rekindle those drugs that failed late-stage clinical trials by the removal of detrimental off-target activities through the use of lower drug doses. Drug combinations and employing drug sensitisers are potential means to combat DR. The evolution of drug combinations and polypharmacy on TI are reviewed. Notably, the novel binary weapon approach is introduced as a new opportunity to improve TI. This review emphasises the urgent need for a criterion to systematically evaluate drug safety and efficiency for practical implementation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Chen
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (Y.-S.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Enhui Jin
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (Y.-S.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Philip J. Day
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (Y.-S.C.); (E.J.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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3
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Kumar K, Das R, Thapa B, Rakhecha B, Srivastava S, Savita K, Israr M, Chanda D, Banerjee D, Shanker K, Bawankule DU, Santini B, Di Paolo ML, Via LD, Passarella D, Negi AS. Dual targeted 2-Benzylideneindanone pendant hydroxamic acid group exhibits selective HDAC6 inhibition along with tubulin stabilization effect. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 86:117300. [PMID: 37146520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal epigenetics has been recognised as an early event in tumour progression and aberrant acetylation of lysine in particular has been understood in tumorigenesis. Therefore, it has become an attractive target for anticancer drug development. However, HDAC inhibitors have limited success due to toxicity and drug resistance concerns. Present study deals with design and synthesis of bivalent indanone based HDAC6 and antitubulin ligands as anticancer agents. Two of the analogues 9 and 21 exhibited potent antiproliferative activities (IC50, 0.36-3.27 µM) and high potency against HDAC 6 enzyme. Compound 21 showed high selectivity against HDAC 6 while 9 exhibited low selectivity. Both the compounds also showed microtubule stabilization effects and moderate anti-inflammatory effect. Dual targeted anticancer agents with concomitant anti-inflammatory effects will be more attractive clinical candidates in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ranjana Das
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Barsha Thapa
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Bharti Rakhecha
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sapna Srivastava
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kumari Savita
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Monazza Israr
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
| | - Dibyendu Banerjee
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
| | - D U Bawankule
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
| | - Benedetta Santini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Paolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Arvind Singh Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India.
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4
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Pathak N, Fatima K, Singh S, Mishra D, Gupta AC, Kumar Y, Chanda D, Bawankule DU, Shanker K, Khan F, Gupta A, Luqman S, Negi AS. Bivalent furostene carbamates as antiproliferative and antiinflammatory agents. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 194:105457. [PMID: 31454535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women affecting about 12% of world's female population. It is a multifactorial disease, mostly invasive in nature. Diosgenin and related compounds are potent antiproliferative agents. Carbamate derivatives have been synthesized at C26 of furostene ring after opening spiroketal bond (F-ring) of diosgenin. Compound 10 possessed significant antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer cells by arresting the population at G1 phase of cell division cycle and induced apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis was observed through the caspase signalling cascade by activating caspase-3. Moreover, carbamate 10 exhibited moderate antiinflammatory activity by decreasing the expression of cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-induced inflammation in primary macrophage cells. Furthermore, compound 10 significantly reduced Ehrlich ascites carcinoma significantly in mice. It was well tolerated and safe in acute oral toxicity in Swiss albino mice. The concomitant anticancer and antiinflammatory properties of carbamate 10 are important and thus, can further be optimized for a better anti-breast cancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Pathak
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Mishra
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Chand Gupta
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D U Bawankule
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Gupta
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Arvind S Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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5
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Srivastava A, Ravi K, Fatima K, Maheshwari M, Ashraf R, Hasanain M, Yadav P, Iqbal H, Kumar Y, Luqman S, Chanda D, Khan F, Shanker K, Sarkar J, Negi AS. 3-Arylindanones and related compounds as antiproliferative agents against colorectal cancer. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1694-1705. [PMID: 31152581 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diverse benzylidene indanones and their derivatives were synthesized as anticancer agents. Two of the analogues, that is 7 and 22, exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines. Both the compounds possessed antimitotic activity and induced apoptosis in DLD1 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells through activation of caspase pathways. In cell cycle analysis, both the compounds induced predominantly G2/M phase arrest in DLD1 cells. Molecular docking studies revealed that compound 7 occupies colchicine binding pocket of β-tubulin. Both the compounds were safe in acute oral toxicity in rodents. Both the compounds are further being optimized for better efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Kusumoori Ravi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Raghib Ashraf
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Pankaj Yadav
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Hina Iqbal
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Arvind Singh Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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6
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Haase R, Wunderlich M, Dillenseger A, Kern R, Akgün K, Ziemssen T. Improving multiple sclerosis management and collecting safety information in the real world: the MSDS3D software approach. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17:369-378. [PMID: 29436244 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1437144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For safety evaluation, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are not fully able to identify rare adverse events. The richest source of safety data lies in the post-marketing phase. Real-world evidence (RWE) and observational studies are becoming increasingly popular because they reflect usefulness of drugs in real life and have the ability to discover uncommon or rare adverse drug reactions. AREAS COVERED Adding the documentation of psychological symptoms and other medical disciplines, the necessity for a complex documentation becomes apparent. The collection of high-quality data sets in clinical practice requires the use of special documentation software as the quality of data in RWE studies can be an issue in contrast to the data obtained from RCTs. The MSDS3D software combines documentation of patient data with patient management of patients with multiple sclerosis. Following a continuous development over several treatment-specific modules, we improved and expanded the realization of safety management in MSDS3D with regard to the characteristics of different treatments and populations. EXPERT OPINION eHealth-enhanced post-authorisation safety study may complete the fundamental quest of RWE for individually improved treatment decisions and balanced therapeutic risk assessment. MSDS3D is carefully designed to contribute to every single objective in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Haase
- a Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Maria Wunderlich
- a Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Anja Dillenseger
- a Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden , Germany
| | | | - Katja Akgün
- a Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden , Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- a Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology , University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden , Germany
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7
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Góngora-Benítez M, Tulla-Puche J, Albericio F. Multifaceted Roles of Disulfide Bonds. Peptides as Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2013; 114:901-26. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400031z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Góngora-Benítez
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - Judit Tulla-Puche
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001 Durban, South Africa
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8
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Assessing risks of multiple sclerosis therapies. J Neurol Sci 2013; 332:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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The determination and interpretation of the therapeutic index in drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2012; 11:751-61. [PMID: 22935759 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A key part of drug discovery and development is the characterization and optimization of the safety and efficacy of drug candidates to identify those that have an appropriately balanced safety-efficacy profile for a given indication. The therapeutic index (TI)--which is typically considered as the ratio of the highest exposure to the drug that results in no toxicity to the exposure that produces the desired efficacy--is an important parameter in efforts to achieve this balance. Various types of safety and efficacy data are generated in vitro and in vivo (in animals and in humans), and these data can be used to predict the clinical TI of a drug candidate at an early stage. However, approaches to systematically and quantitatively compare these types of data and to apply this knowledge more effectively are needed. This article critically discusses the various aspects of TI determination and interpretation in drug development for both small molecule drugs and biotherapeutics.
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10
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Callréus T. The New EU Legislation on Pharmacovigilance and Changing Models for Drug Development. Drug Saf 2011; 34:529-30; author reply 530-1. [DOI: 10.2165/11592380-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Haines DD, Varga B, Bak I, Juhasz B, Mahmoud FF, Kalantari H, Gesztelyi R, Lekli I, Czompa A, Tosaki A. Summative interaction between astaxanthin, Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) and vitamin C in suppression of respiratory inflammation: a comparison with ibuprofen. Phytother Res 2011; 25:128-36. [PMID: 20632299 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, combinations of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb761) plus the carotenoid antioxidant astaxanthin (ASX) and vitamin C were evaluated for a summative dose effect in the inhibition of asthma-associated inflammation in asthmatic guinea-pigs. Ovalbumin-sensitized Hartley guinea-pigs challenged with ovalbumin aerosol to induce asthma, were administered EGb761, ASX, vitamin C or ibuprofen. Following killing, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was evaluated for inflammatory cell infiltrates and lung tissue cyclic nucleotide content. Each parameter measured was significantly altered to a greater degree by drug combinations, than by each component acting independently. An optimal combination was identified that included astaxanthin (10 mg/kg), vitamin C (200 mg/kg) and EGb761 (10 mg/kg), resulting in counts of eosinophils and neutrophils each 1.6-fold lower; macrophages 1.8-fold lower, cAMP 1.4-fold higher; and cGMP 2.04-fold higher than levels in untreated, asthmatic animals (p < 0.05). In conclusion, EGb761, ASX and vitamin C are shown here to interact summatively to suppress inflammation with efficacy equal to or better than ibuprofen, a widely used non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID). Such combinations of non-toxic phytochemicals constitute powerful tools for the prevention of onset of acute and chronic inflammatory disease if consumed regularly by healthy individuals; and may also augment the effectiveness of therapy for those with established illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Haines
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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12
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Reisinger SJ, Ryan PB, O'Hara DJ, Powell GE, Painter JL, Pattishall EN, Morris JA. Development and evaluation of a common data model enabling active drug safety surveillance using disparate healthcare databases. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2011; 17:652-62. [PMID: 20962127 DOI: 10.1136/jamia.2009.002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Active drug safety surveillance may be enhanced by analysis of multiple observational healthcare databases, including administrative claims and electronic health records. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a common data model (CDM) enabling rapid, comparable, systematic analyses across disparate observational data sources to identify and evaluate the effects of medicines. DESIGN The CDM uses a person-centric design, with attributes for demographics, drug exposures, and condition occurrence. Drug eras, constructed to represent periods of persistent drug use, are derived from available elements from pharmacy dispensings, prescriptions written, and other medication history. Condition eras aggregate diagnoses that occur within a single episode of care. Drugs and conditions from source data are mapped to biomedical ontologies to standardize terminologies and enable analyses of higher-order effects. MEASUREMENTS The CDM was applied to two source types: an administrative claims and an electronic medical record database. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate transformation rules. Two case studies demonstrate the ability of the CDM to enable standard analyses across disparate sources: analyses of persons exposed to rofecoxib and persons with an acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over 43 million persons, with nearly 1 billion drug exposures and 3.7 billion condition occurrences from both databases were successfully transformed into the CDM. An analysis routine applied to transformed data from each database produced consistent, comparable results. CONCLUSION A CDM can normalize the structure and content of disparate observational data, enabling standardized analyses that are meaningfully comparable when assessing the effects of medicines.
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Boon WPC, Moors EHM, Meijer A, Schellekens H. Conditional approval and approval under exceptional circumstances as regulatory instruments for stimulating responsible drug innovation in Europe. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 88:848-53. [PMID: 20962774 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2010.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The need for fast drug innovation and the public demand for risk-free drugs creates a dilemma for regulatory authorities: less restrictive procedures involve uncertainties about benefit/risk profiles of new drugs. The European Union has introduced two instruments that regulate early market access: conditional approvals (CAs) and approvals under exceptional circumstances (ECs). We have studied whether these instruments compromise the safety of new drugs and whether they lead to earlier access to innovative drugs. Our study shows that neither of these regulatory pathways accelerates the approval process for innovative drugs. However, the CA pathway shortens the clinical development period. Approvals under ECs are associated with longer clinical development periods, but this regulatory pathway may open up opportunities for specific drugs to be admitted into the market because less comprehensive data are required. Despite the fact that these advanced approvals are based on limited safety databases, there are no special safety issues associated with using these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P C Boon
- Innovation Studies Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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