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Platt C, Coward RJ. Peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-γ and the podocyte. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:423-433. [PMID: 27697843 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades it has become clear that the glomerular podocyte is a key cell in preventing albuminuria, kidney failure and cardiovascular morbidity. Understanding the key pathways that protect the podocyte in times of glomerular stress, which can also be therapeutically manipulated, are highly attractive. In the following review we assess the evidence that the peroxisome proliferator activating receptor (PPAR) agonists are beneficial for podocyte and kidney function with a focus on PPAR-γ. We explain our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of these agonists and the evidence they are beneficial in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease. We also outline why these drugs have not been widely used for kidney disease in the past but they may be in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard J Coward
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Garcia-Vallvé S, Guasch L, Tomas-Hernández S, del Bas JM, Ollendorff V, Arola L, Pujadas G, Mulero M. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) and Ligand Choreography: Newcomers Take the Stage. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5381-94. [PMID: 25734377 DOI: 10.1021/jm501155f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) full agonists that have been widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite the demonstrated beneficial effect of reducing glucose levels in the plasma, TZDs also induce several adverse effects. Consequently, the search for new compounds with potent antidiabetic effects but fewer undesired effects is an active field of research. Interestingly, the novel proposed mechanisms for the antidiabetic activity of PPARγ agonists, consisting of PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation inhibition, ligand and receptor mutual dynamics, and the presence of an alternate binding site, have recently changed the view regarding the optimal characteristics for the screening of novel PPARγ ligands. Furthermore, transcriptional genomics could bring essential information about the genome-wide effects of PPARγ ligands. Consequently, facing the new mechanistic scenario proposed for these compounds is essential for resolving the paradoxes among their agonistic function, antidiabetic activities, and side effects and should allow the rational development of better and safer PPARγ-mediated antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- †Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,‡Nutrition and Health Research Group, Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Guasch
- §Computer-Aided Drug Design Group, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201, United States
| | - Sarah Tomas-Hernández
- †Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria del Bas
- ‡Nutrition and Health Research Group, Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Vincent Ollendorff
- ∥INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, F-34060 Montpellier Université Montpellier 1, F-34000 Montpellier - Université Montpellier 2, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Lluís Arola
- ‡Nutrition and Health Research Group, Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain.,⊥Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- †Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,‡Nutrition and Health Research Group, Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- †Cheminformatics and Nutrition Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus de Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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