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Christopoulos PF, Gjølberg TT, Krüger S, Haraldsen G, Andersen JT, Sundlisæter E. Targeting the Notch Signaling Pathway in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668207. [PMID: 33912195 PMCID: PMC8071949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates developmental cell-fate decisions and has recently also been linked to inflammatory diseases. Although therapies targeting Notch signaling in inflammation in theory are attractive, their design and implementation have proven difficult, at least partly due to the broad involvement of Notch signaling in regenerative and homeostatic processes. In this review, we summarize the supporting role of Notch signaling in various inflammation-driven diseases, and highlight efforts to intervene with this pathway by targeting Notch ligands and/or receptors with distinct therapeutic strategies, including antibody designs. We discuss this in light of lessons learned from Notch targeting in cancer treatment. Finally, we elaborate on the impact of individual Notch members in inflammation, which may lay the foundation for development of therapeutic strategies in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torleif T. Gjølberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Eye Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Krüger
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Sundlisæter
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Kim B, Lee YE, Yeon JW, Go GY, Byun J, Lee K, Lee HK, Hur JK, Jang M, Kim TH. A novel therapeutic modality using CRISPR-engineered dendritic cells to treat allergies. Biomaterials 2021; 273:120798. [PMID: 33895493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the important roles of dendritic cells (DCs) in airway allergies, current therapeutic strategies such as drugs, allergen immunotherapy and biologics haven't been targeted at them. In this study, we established a promising DC-based therapeutic approach for the alleviation of allergic rhinitis (AR)-associated allergic reactions, using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated targeted gene disruption. RNA sequencing analysis revealed upregulation of vacuolar protein sorting 37 B (VPS37B) in AR-derived DCs, indicating a novel molecular target. Following antigen presentation, VPS37A and VPS37B enabled endocytosis of the mannose receptor, which recognizes the house dust mite (HDM) allergen Der p 1. DCs with targeted disruption of VPS37A/B alleviated Th2 cytokine production when co-cultured in vitro with allogeneic naïve CD4+ T cell from patients with AR. Furthermore, nasal administration of Vps37a/b-disrupted bone marrow DCs to a mouse model of AR resulted in strongly reduced AR-related symptoms. Thus, this novel modality using genetically engineered DCs can provide an effective therapeutic and preventative strategy for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woo Yeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Yeon Go
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyoung Byun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijeong Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyomin K Lee
- Department of Medicine, Major in Medical Genetics, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho K Hur
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihue Jang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang X, Zhao X, Sun H, Yan Y, Huang L, Gu W, Jiang W, Wang Y, Zhu C, Ji W, Hao C, Chen Z. The role of miR-29c/B7-H3 axis in children with allergic asthma. J Transl Med 2018; 16:218. [PMID: 30075787 PMCID: PMC6076420 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs play roles in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. However, the mechanism of miR-29c in allergic asthma remains unclear. This study is to elucidate the regulation of Th cell differentiation by miR-29c in mononuclear macrophages. Methods A total of 52 children with asthma exacerbation and 26 children as controls were enrolled in the study. CD14+ monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood. Differential expressions of microRNAs were evaluated using microarray analysis and miR-29c expression in monocytes was determined by qRT-PCR. The plasma B7-H3 was determined by ELISA. Transfection studies and luciferase reporter assay were performed to confirm target gene of miR-29c and its function. Results Compared to controls, 88 miRNAs in blood monocytes were up-regulated and 41 miRNAs down-regulated including miR-29c in asthma children. Children with asthma exacerbation had significantly lower level of miR-29c and higher level of plasma B7-H3 compared to controls (both P < 0.05). Functional studies based on luciferase reporter assay and immunofluorescence staining suggest that B7-H3 is the direct target of miR-29c and transfection anti-miR-29c into macrophages could enhance ROR-γt and GATA-3 expression in co-cultured CD4+ T cells and increase levels of IL-4 and IL-17 in supernatants. Conclusion The axis of miR-29c/B7-H3 plays an important role in children with asthma through regulating Th2/Th17 cell differentiation and may provide new targets for treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiming Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongdong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjin Gu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wujun Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Canhong Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuangli Hao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Lim C, Lim S, Lee B, Cho S. Ginsenoside Rg1 Exhibits Anti-asthmatic Activity in an Aspergillus Protease-Induced Asthma Model in Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common chronic airway diseases and is characterized by symptoms, such as, wheezing and coughing. Its prevalence in Korea is gradually increasing among children and adults, especially among those older than 60 years. In this study, we investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), one of the major constituents of Panax ginseng Meyer on ovalbumin (OVA) plus Aspergillus protease ( A. protease) allergen-induced asthmatic mice. Mice were orally administered Rg1 for 10 days from 8 days after OVA + A. protease sensitization and intranasally administered booster doses of OVA + A. protease for 4 days from 14 days after sensitization. The effects of Rg1 administration on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), immune cell distributions in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and serum level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) were investigated at 18 days after sensitization. Histopathological changes in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained lung sections were also examined. Treatment of OVA + A. protease-sensitized/challenged asthmatic mice with Rg1 significantly decreased total eosinophil counts in BALF as compared with those of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated sensitized/challenged controls, and significantly decreased methacholine-induced AHR. Furthermore, IgE serum levels were significantly lower in Rg1 administered OVA + A. protease-sensitized asthmatic mice than in PBS-treated sensitized/challenged controls. The study shows Rg1 protects against A. protease allergen-induced asthma in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyeon Lim
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Lim
- School of Public Health, Far East University, Eumseong 27601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungho Lee
- Kyunghee Naseul Korean Medicine Clinic, Bucheon 14548, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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Hwang YP, Jin SW, Choi JH, Choi CY, Kim HG, Kim SJ, Kim Y, Lee KJ, Chung YC, Jeong HG. Inhibitory effects of l-theanine on airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 99:162-169. [PMID: 27908701 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
l-theanine, a water-soluble amino acid isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis), has anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidative properties, and hepatoprotective effects. However, the anti-allergic effect of l-theanine and its underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of l-theanine on asthmatic responses, particularly airway inflammation and oxidative stress modulation in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine model of asthma. Treatment with l-theanine dramatically attenuated the extensive trafficking of inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Histological studies revealed that l-theanine significantly inhibited OVA-induced mucus production and inflammatory cell infiltration in the respiratory tract and blood vessels. l-theanine administration also significantly decreased the production of IgE, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma in BALF. The lung weight decreased with l-theanine administration. l-theanine also markedly attenuated the OVA-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and matrix metalloprotease-9 in BALF. Moreover, l-theanine reduced the TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in A549 cells. Together, these results suggest that l-theanine alleviates airway inflammation in asthma, which likely occurs via the oxidative stress-responsive NF-κB pathway, highlighting its potential as a useful therapeutic agent for asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pil Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, International University of Korea, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Jin
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Choi
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Yung Choi
- Jeollanamdo Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gyun Kim
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jong Kim
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongan Kim
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Chung
- Department of Food and Medicine, College of Public Health and Natural Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Lim CY, Kim BY, Lim SH, Cho SI. A Study of Agastachis Herba on Ovalbumin-induced Asthma in the Mouse. Indian J Pharm Sci 2016; 77:645-50. [PMID: 26798185 PMCID: PMC4700723 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.169046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Agastachis Herba is one of the well-known medicinal herbs in Korean traditional medicine. This study was taken up to examine the beneficial effects of Agastachis Herba on a mice model of asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to produce a murine model of asthma. Methanol extracts of Agastachis Herba were orally administered to the ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. The effects of methanol extract of Agastachis Herba on airway hyper responsiveness, immune cell distributions in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E in serum, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Mice treated with the methanol extract of Agastachis Herba showed reduction of airway hyper responsiveness as well as inhibited immune cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar region. Also ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid significantly decreased in extract treated mice. Histopathological findings showed significant beneficial changes in inflammatory cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lim
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan, Gyounggi-do, Korea
| | - B Y Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S H Lim
- School of Public Health, Far East University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - S I Cho
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Lim CY, Kim HW, Kim BY, Cho SI. [Genome wide expression analysis of the effect of Socheongryong Tang in asthma model of mice]. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2015; 35:168-74. [PMID: 25975049 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular effect of Socheongryong Tang (SCRT, Xiaoqinglong Tang in Chinese) on whole genome level in asthma mouse model by microarray technology. METHODS Asthma was induced by intranasal instillation of ovalbumin in mouse. After administration of SCRT on asthma-induced mouse, the expression of genes in lung tissue was measured using whole genome microarray. The functional implication of differentially expressed genes was performed using ontological analysis and the similarity of promoter structure of genes was also analyzed. RESULTS Treatment of SCRT restored expression level of many up- or down-regulated genes in asth- ma model, and this recovery rate means SCRT could regulate a set of genes having specific TFBS binding sites. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified a set of genes subjected to similar regulation by SCRT in asthma model in mice.
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Choi JH, Jin SW, Kim HG, Choi CY, Lee HS, Ryu SY, Chung YC, Hwang YJ, Um YJ, Jeong TC, Jeong HG. Saponins, especially platyconic acid A, from Platycodon grandiflorum reduce airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced mice and PMA-exposed A549 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1468-1476. [PMID: 25590691 DOI: 10.1021/jf5043954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the inhibitory effects of Platycodon grandiflorum root-derived saponins (Changkil saponins: CKS) on ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in mice. CKS suppressed leukocytes number, IgE, Th1/Th2 cytokines, and MCP-1 chemokine secretion in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Also, ovalbumin-increased MUC5AC, MMP-2/9, and TIMP-1/-2 mRNA expression, NF-κB activation, leukocytes recruitment, and mucus secretion were inhibited by CKS treatment. Moreover, the active component of CKS, platyconic acid A (PA), suppressed PMA-induced MUC5AC mRNA expression (from 2.1 ± 0.2 to 1.1 ± 0.1) by inhibiting NF-κB activation (from 2.3 ± 0.2 to 1.2 ± 0.1) via Akt (from 3.7 ± 0.3 to 2.1 ± 0.2) (p < 0.01) in A549 cells. Therefore, we demonstrate that CKS or PA suppressed the development of respiratory inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling by reducing allergic responses, and they may be potential herbal drugs for allergen-induced respiratory disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Choi
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Kim HW, Lim CY, Kim BY, Cho SI. So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang, a herbal medicine, modulates inflammatory cell infiltration and prevents airway remodeling via regulation of interleukin-17 and GM-CSF in allergic asthma in mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S506-11. [PMID: 25298667 PMCID: PMC4189265 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.139784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang (SCRT), herbal medicine, has been used for the control of respiratory disease in East Asian countries. However, its therapeutic mechanisms, especially an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cell infiltration and airway remodeling in allergic asthma are unclear. Objective: The present study investigated the mechanism of antiasthmatic effects of SCRT in allergic asthma in mice. Materials and Methods: We investigated the influence of SCRT on levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-4, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE in serum, and histopathological changes in allergen-induced asthma. Results: So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang decreased levels of IL-17 and GM-CSF in BALF. IL-4, a Th2-driven cytokine, was also decreased by SCRT, but IFN-γ, a Th1-driven cytokine, was not changed. Levels of OVA-specific IgE in serum were also decreased by SCRT. With SCRT treatment, histopathological findings showed reduced tendency of inflammatory cell infiltration, and prevention from airway remodeling such as epithelial hyperplasia. Conclusion: In this study, we firstly demonstrated that regulation of IL-17 and GM-CSF production may be one of the mechanism contributed to a reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and prevention from airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Woo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yeon Lim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bu-Yeo Kim
- Department of Medical Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-In Cho
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 626-870, Republic of Korea
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Lim CY, Moon JM, Kim BY, Lim SH, Lee GS, Yu HS, Cho SI. Comparative study of Korean White Ginseng and Korean Red Ginseng on efficacies of OVA-induced asthma model in mice. J Ginseng Res 2014; 39:38-45. [PMID: 25535475 PMCID: PMC4268570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Korean ginseng is a well-known medicinal herb that has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including asthma. Ginseng can be classified as white ginseng (WG) or red ginseng (RG), according to processing conditions. In this study, the authors compared the efficacies of these two ginseng types in a mouse model of acute asthma. Methods To produce the acute asthma model, BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide, and then challenged with OVA. WG and RG extracts were administered to mice orally. The influences of WG and RG on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), immune cell distributions in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgG1, and IgG2a in serum were investigated. Cytokine production by lymphocytes isolated from peribronchial lymph nodes and histopathological changes was also examined. Results In OVA-sensitized mice, both WG and RG reduced AHR and suppressed immune cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar regions. BALF OVA-specific IgE levels were significantly lower in RG-treated OVA-sensitized mice than in the OVA-sensitized control group. WG and RG also suppressed inflammatory cytokine production by peribronchial lymphocytes. Histopathological findings showed reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and airway remodeling (e.g., epithelial hyperplasia) in WG- and RG-treated OVA mice compared with OVA controls. Conclusion In this study, WG and RG showed antiasthmatic effects in an OVA-sensitized mouse model, and the efficacies of RG were found to be better than those of WG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yeon Lim
- College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Moon
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bu-Yeo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Hyun Lim
- School of Public Health, Far East University, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Guem-San Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Hak-Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Su-In Cho
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Corresponding author. School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan City, Gyeongnam 626-870, Korea.
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Sim JH, Lee HS, Lee S, Park DE, Oh K, Hwang KA, Kang HR, Ye SK, Kim HR. Anti-asthmatic activities of an ethanol extract of Aster yomena in an ovalbumin-induced murine asthma model. J Med Food 2014; 17:606-11. [PMID: 24738663 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aster yomena is used in traditional remedies to treat cough, asthma and insect bites; however, its therapeutic mechanism is not completely understood. To elucidate the anti-asthmatic effect of A. yomena, we investigated the anti-asthmatic characteristics of an alcohol extract of A. yomena in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model. In this study, we showed that A. yomena extract inhibited the overall pathophysiological features of asthma by suppressing Th2 responses and enzymes associated with the production of inflammatory mediators. This suppression resulted in decreased Th2 type cytokines and eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and OVA-specific IgE in serum. Additionally, A. yomena extract significantly decreased airway hyperresponsiveness and abrogated the histopathological changes in the lungs, which reached normal levels in the OVA-challenged mice treated with A. yomena extract. These findings suggest that A. yomena could be a promising natural agent for treating bronchial asthma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Sim
- 1 Department of Anatomy & Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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Park S, Park MS, Jung KH, Song J, Kim YA, Cho HJ, Min BI, Bae H. Treatment with pyranopyran-1, 8-dione attenuates airway responses in cockroach allergen sensitized asthma in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87558. [PMID: 24489937 PMCID: PMC3906187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic allergic asthma is characterized by Th2-typed inflammation, and contributes to airway remodeling and the deterioration of lung function. Viticis Fructus (VF) has long been used in China and Korea as a traditional herbal remedy for treating various inflammatory diseases. Previously, we have isolated a novel phytochemical, pyranopyran-1, 8-dione (PPY), from VF. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of PPY to prevent airway inflammation and to attenuate airway responses in a cockroach allergen-induced asthma model in mice. The mice sensitized to and challenged with cockroach allergen were treated with oral administration of PPY. The infiltration of total cells, eosinophils and lymphocytes into the BAL fluid was significantly inhibited in cockroach allergen-induced asthma mice treated with PPY (1, 2, or 10 mg/kg). Th2 cytokines and chemokine, such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin in BAL fluid were also reduced to normal levels following treatment with PPY. In addition, the levels of IgE were also markedly suppressed after PPY treatment. Histopathological examination demonstrated that PPY substantially inhibited eosinophil infiltration into the airway, goblet cell hyperplasia and smooth muscle hypertrophy. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PPY possesses a potent efficacy on controlling allergic asthma response such as airway inflammation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Park
- Department of East-West Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Song
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Ah Kim
- Natural Products Department, Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medical Industry, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi Jae Cho
- Natural Products Department, Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medical Industry, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Min
- Department of East-West Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Knight JM, Lee SH, Roberts L, Smith CW, Weiss ST, Kheradmand F, Corry DB. CD11a polymorphisms regulate TH2 cell homing and TH2-related disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:189-97.e1-8. [PMID: 23726040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TH2-dependent diseases vary in severity according to genotype, but relevant gene polymorphisms remain largely unknown. The integrin CD11a is a critical determinant of allergic responses, and allelic variants of this gene might influence allergic phenotypes. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine major CD11a allelic variants in mice and human subjects and their importance to allergic disease expression. METHODS We sequenced mouse CD11a alleles from C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains to identify major polymorphisms; human CD11a single nucleotide polymorphisms were compared with allergic disease phenotypes as part of the international HapMap project. Mice on a BALB/c or C57BL/6 background and congenic for the other strain's CD11a allele were created to determine the importance of mouse CD11a polymorphisms in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Compared with the C57BL/6 allele, the BALB/c CD11a allele contained a nonsynonymous change from asparagine to aspartic acid within the metal ion binding domain. In general, the BALB/c CD11a allele enhanced and the C57BL/6 CD11a allele suppressed TH2 cell-dependent disease caused by the parasite Leishmania major and allergic lung disease caused by the fungus Aspergillus niger. Relative to the C57BL/6 CD11a allele, the BALB/c CD11a allele conferred both greater T-cell adhesion to CD54 in vitro and enhanced TH2 cell homing to lungs in vivo. We further identified a human CD11a polymorphism that significantly associated with atopic disease and relevant allergic indices. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in CD11a critically influence TH2 cell homing and diverse TH2-dependent immunopathologic states in mice and potentially influence the expression of human allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Knight
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Seung-Hyo Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Luz Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - C Wayne Smith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing laboratory Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.
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Corry DB, Kheradmand F, Luong A, Pandit L. Immunological mechanisms of airway diseases and pathways to therapy. Clin Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7234-3691-1.00054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Fringe controls naïve CD4(+)T cells differentiation through modulating notch signaling in asthmatic rat models. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47288. [PMID: 23071776 PMCID: PMC3468515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Notch signaling to regulate T helper cell development and differentiation has been widely accepted. Fringe, O-fucose-β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases modulate Notch receptor expression and promote the Notch signaling pathway through receptor-ligand binding. In this study, we assayed the expression levels of three Fringe homologs in naive CD4+T cells in asthmatic rats. We found that Radical Fringe (Rfng) was highly expressed, whereas both Lunatic Fringe (Lfng) and Manic Fringe (Mfng) were expressed at low levels. Down-regulation of Rfng using siRNA, and overexpression of Lfng or Mfng enhanced Th1 subset lineages and diminished Th2 subset lineages. Notch signaling was more activated in asthmatic naïve CD4+T cells than in control cells, and Lfng, but not Mfng or Rfng, partly inhibited Notch signaling in asthmatic naïve CD4+T lymphocytes. Lfng overexpression resulted in significantly decreased Th2 cytokine production in asthma, which was the same effect as the GSI (γ-secretase inhibitor) treatment alone, but had an increased effect on Th1 cytokines than GSI treatment. Collectively, these data identify the essential role of Fringe modulating naïve CD4+T cells differentiation through Notch signaling. Lfng regulated Th2 cells differentiation via a Notch-dependent manner and Th1 cells differentiation via a Notch-independent manner. Fringe could be a therapeutic strategy for the management and prevention of allergic asthma.
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Liu W, Xu LS, Liu QJ, Dong FZ, Qiu RF, Wen MC, Han YL, Tang NB, Kang LJ, Wu JX, Liu F, Zhao JP, Yang MM, Wang JF, Ding MJ, Sun YM, Fei WJ, Dong L. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in TSLP gene are associated with asthma susceptibility in Chinese Han population. Exp Lung Res 2012; 38:375-82. [DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2012.714840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Balaha MF, Tanaka H, Yamashita H, Abdel Rahman MN, Inagaki N. Oral Nigella sativa oil ameliorates ovalbumin-induced bronchial asthma in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:224-31. [PMID: 22800928 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nigella sativa oil (NSO) is used in folk medicine as a therapy for many diseases including bronchial asthma. We investigated the possible modulating effects of NSO on asthma-like phenotypes in a mouse model of bronchial asthma. BALB/c mice were actively sensitized by intraperitoneal injections of 50 μg ovalbumin (OVA) with 1mg alum on days 0 and 12. Starting on day 22, they were exposed to OVA (1% (w/v), in sterile physiological saline) for 30 min, three times every 4th day. Negative control animals were exposed to saline in a similar manner. NSO was administered orally for 31 day from day 0 to day 30. On the day of sensitization and challenge, NSO was given 30 min before the treatment. Airway function, number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13 and interferon (IFN)-γ in BALF, serum levels of total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a, and histopathological examination of lung tissues were investigated. Oral treatment with NSO showed significant decrease in airway hyperresponsiveness, the number of total leukocytes, macrophages and eosinophils, levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF, serum levels of total IgE, OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, and significant increase in BALF level of IFN-γ and serum level of OVA-specific IgG2a, indicating restoration of local Th1/Th2 balance. Furthermore, it significantly abrogated the histopathological changes of the lungs, as the images were nearly normal. These results suggest that the treatment with oral NSO could be a promising treatment for bronchial asthma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fathy Balaha
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Postal No. 31527, El-Gish Street, Tanta, Egypt
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Lundström SL, Yang J, Källberg HJ, Thunberg S, Gafvelin G, Haeggström JZ, Grönneberg R, Grunewald J, van Hage M, Hammock BD, Eklund A, Wheelock ÅM, Wheelock CE. Allergic asthmatics show divergent lipid mediator profiles from healthy controls both at baseline and following birch pollen provocation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33780. [PMID: 22438998 PMCID: PMC3305349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a respiratory tract disorder characterized by airway hyper-reactivity and chronic inflammation. Allergic asthma is associated with the production of allergen-specific IgE and expansion of allergen-specific T-cell populations. Progression of allergic inflammation is driven by T-helper type 2 (Th2) mediators and is associated with alterations in the levels of lipid mediators. OBJECTIVES Responses of the respiratory system to birch allergen provocation in allergic asthmatics were investigated. Eicosanoids and other oxylipins were quantified in the bronchoalveolar lumen to provide a measure of shifts in lipid mediators associated with allergen challenge in allergic asthmatics. METHODS Eighty-seven lipid mediators representing the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic pathways were screened via LC-MS/MS following off-line extraction of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Multivariate statistics using OPLS were employed to interrogate acquired oxylipin data in combination with immunological markers. RESULTS Thirty-two oxylipins were quantified, with baseline asthmatics possessing a different oxylipin profile relative to healthy individuals that became more distinct following allergen provocation. The most prominent differences included 15-LOX-derived ω-3 and ω-6 oxylipins. Shared-and-Unique-Structures (SUS)-plot modeling showed a correlation (R(2) = 0.7) between OPLS models for baseline asthmatics (R(2)Y[cum] = 0.87, Q(2)[cum] = 0.51) and allergen-provoked asthmatics (R(2)Y[cum] = 0.95, Q(2)[cum] = 0.73), with the majority of quantified lipid mediators and cytokines contributing equally to both groups. Unique structures for allergen provocation included leukotrienes (LTB(4) and 6-trans-LTB(4)), CYP-derivatives of linoleic acid (epoxides/diols), and IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Differences in asthmatic relative to healthy profiles suggest a role for 15-LOX products of both ω-6 and ω-3 origin in allergic inflammation. Prominent differences at baseline levels indicate that non-symptomatic asthmatics are subject to an underlying inflammatory condition not observed with other traditional mediators. Results suggest that oxylipin profiling may provide a sensitive means of characterizing low-level inflammation and that even individuals with mild disease display distinct phenotypic profiles, which may have clinical ramifications for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna L. Lundström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Henrik J. Källberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Thunberg
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guro Gafvelin
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z. Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reidar Grönneberg
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Anders Eklund
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa M. Wheelock
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (CW); (AW)
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (CW); (AW)
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Kim DY, Yang WM. Panax ginseng ameliorates airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-sensitized mouse allergic asthma model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 136:230-235. [PMID: 21549818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng (PG) is a medicinal herb that has been used to treat various immune diseases including asthma and COPD. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory mechanism of PG on asthma parameters in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized with 20 μg/200 μl OVA adsorbed on 1.0mg/50 μl aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant by i.p. injection on days 0 and 14. Mice were then challenged with 5% OVA in PBS to the nose for 30 min once a day for 3 days, from day 20 until day 22, using a nebulizer. PG (20mg/kg) or vehicle was administrated by i.p. injection once a day 10 min before every OVA challenge for 3 days. The recruitment of inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or lung tissues was measured. The expression of EMBP, Muc5ac, CD40, and CD40 ligand (CD40L) in lung tissues was investigated. In addition, the cytokines and mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS PG restored the expression of EMBP, Muc5ac, CD40, and CD40L, as well as the mRNA and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In addition, PG inhibited the numbers of goblet cells and further small G proteins and MAP kinases in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and lung tissues increased in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in mice. These results suggest that PG may be used as a therapeutic agent in asthma, based on reductions of various allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 300 Chunchun-dong, Jangan-ku, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kim DY, Park BS, Hong GU, Lee BJ, Park JW, Kim SY, Ro JY. Anti-inflammatory effects of the R2 peptide, an inhibitor of transglutaminase 2, in a mouse model of allergic asthma, induced by ovalbumin. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:210-25. [PMID: 20840469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) expression is increased in inflammatory diseases, and TGase 2 inhibitors block these increases. We examined whether the R2 peptide inhibited the expression of TGase 2 in a mouse model of inflammatory allergic asthma. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma. OVA-specific serum IgE and leukotrienes (LTs) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Recruitment of inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or lung tissues and goblet cell hyperplasia were assessed histologically. Airway hyperresponsiveness was determined in a barometric plethysmographic chamber. Expression of TGase 2, eosinophil major basic protein (EMBP), the adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, Muc5ac and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2) ) protein were determined by Western blot. Expression of mRNAs of Muc5ac, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. KEY RESULTS R2 peptide reduced OVA-specific IgE levels; the number of total inflammatory cells, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils in BAL fluid and the number of goblet cells. Airway hyperresponsiveness, TGase 2 and EMBP levels, mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, RANTES, tumour necrosis factor-α, and MMP2/9, Muc5ac, NF-κB activity, PLA(2) activity and expressions, and LT levels in BAL cells and lung tissues were all reduced by R2 peptide. R2 peptide also restored expression of TIMP1/2. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS R2 peptide reduced allergic responses by regulating NF-κB/TGase 2 activity in a mouse model of allergic asthma. This peptide may be useful in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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21
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Porter PC, Ongeri V, Luong A, Kheradmand F, Corry DB. Seeking common pathophysiology in asthma, atopy and sinusitis. Trends Immunol 2011; 32:43-9. [PMID: 21239229 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic sinusitis are inexplicably common airway diseases that are linked to atopy and allergic inflammation. T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and the associated cytokines are believed to play crucial pathogenic roles in asthma, but the environmental factors that instigate allergic airway disease remain poorly understood. Environmental proteinases are highly allergenic and are candidate inducers of airway Th2 responses. Determining the proteinases and their sources that are relevant to airway disease, however, remains challenging. In this Opinion, we summarize the evidence that implicates fungi as both a relevant source of allergenic proteinases and a potential cause of asthma, atopy and chronic sinusitis through airway infection. Clarification of the extrinsic causes of these processes will markedly improve diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Porter
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Backus GS, Howden R, Fostel J, Bauer AK, Cho HY, Marzec J, Peden DB, Kleeberger SR. Protective role of interleukin-10 in ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:1721-7. [PMID: 20826374 PMCID: PMC3002191 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying ozone (O₃)-induced pulmonary inflammation remain unclear. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that is known to inhibit inflammatory mediators. OBJECTIVES We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying interleuken-10 (IL-10)-mediated attenuation of O₃-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. METHODS Il10-deficient (Il10(-/-)) and wild-type (Il10(+/+)) mice were exposed to 0.3 ppm O₃ or filtered air for 24, 48, or 72 hr. Immediately after exposure, differential cell counts and total protein (a marker of lung permeability) were assessed from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). mRNA and protein levels of cellular mediators were determined from lung homogenates. We also used global mRNA expression analyses of lung tissue with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to identify patterns of gene expression through which IL-10 modifies O₃-induced inflammation. RESULTS Mean numbers of BALF polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were significantly greater in Il10(-/-) mice than in Il10(+/+) mice after exposure to O₃ at all time points tested. O₃-enhanced nuclear NF-κB translocation was elevated in the lungs of Il10(-/-) compared with Il10(+/+) mice. Gene expression analyses revealed several IL-10-dependent and O₃-dependent mediators, including macrophage inflammatory protein 2, cathepsin E, and serum amyloid A3. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that IL-10 protects against O₃-induced pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and cell proliferation. Moreover, gene expression analyses identified three response pathways and several genetic targets through which IL-10 may modulate the innate and adaptive immune response. These novel mechanisms of protection against the pathogenesis of O₃-induced pulmonary inflammation may also provide potential therapeutic targets to protect susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian S. Backus
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Reuben Howden
- University of North Carolina–Charlotte, Department of Kinesiology, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Fostel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alison K. Bauer
- Michigan State University, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Center for Integrative Toxicology, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Hye-Youn Cho
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacqui Marzec
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David B. Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven R. Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to S.R. Kleeberger, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Bldg. 101, MD-201, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA. Telephone: (919) 541-3267. Fax: (919) 541-3592. E-mail:
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Haapakoski R, Karisola P, Fyhrquist N, Savinko T, Wolff H, Turjanmaa K, Palosuo T, Reunala T, Lauerma A, Alenius H. Intradermal cytosine-phosphate-guanosine treatment reduces lung inflammation but induces IFN-γ-mediated airway hyperreactivity in a murine model of natural rubber latex allergy. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 44:639-47. [PMID: 20581096 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0355oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and other allergic diseases are continuously increasing, causing considerable economic and sociologic burden to society. The hygiene hypothesis proposes that lack of microbial T helper (Th) 1-like stimulation during early childhood leads to increased Th2-driven allergic disorders later in life. Immunostimulatory cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG)-oligodeoxynucleotide motifs are candidate molecules for immunotherapeutic studies, as they have been shown to shift the Th2 response toward the Th1 direction and reduce allergic symptoms. Using natural rubber latex (NRL)-induced murine model of asthma, we demonstrated that intradermal CpG administration with allergen reduced pulmonary eosinophilia, mucus production, and Th2-type cytokines, but unexpectedly induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to inhaled methacholine, one of the hallmarks of asthma. We found that induction in AHR was dependent on STAT4, but independent of STAT6 signaling. CpG treatment increased production of IFN-γ in the airways and shifted the ratio of CD4(+):CD8(+) T cells toward CD8(+) dominance. By blocking soluble IFN-γ with neutralizing antibody, AHR diminished and the CD4(+):CD8(+) ratio returned to CD4(+) dominance. These results indicate that increased production of IFN-γ in the lungs may lead to severe side effects, such as enhancement of bronchial hyperreactivity to inhaled allergen. This finding should be taken into consideration when planning prophylaxis treatment of asthma with intradermal CpG injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Haapakoski
- Unit of Excellence for Immunotoxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Li YL, Li HJ, Ji F, Zhang X, Wang R, Hao JQ, Bi WX, Dong L. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin promotes lung inflammation through activation of dendritic cells. J Asthma 2010; 47:117-23. [PMID: 20170316 DOI: 10.3109/02770900903483816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an epithelial disorder in which T helper 2 (Th2)-type inflammation has a prominent role. Recent studies indicated that a cytokine, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), is essential for the development of antigen-induced asthma. The authors used ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge to induce a murine asthmatic model. The model was confirmed by airway hyperresponsiveness, serum levels of total and OVA-specific immunoglobulin (IgE), histological analysis of lung tissues. The authors found that expression of TSLP was significantly increased in both mRNA and protein levels in mice lungs treated with OVA. The expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was increased in mice with OVA. Tight correlation between TSLP mRNA and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF was identified. Furthermore, treating mice with TSLP-neutralizing antibody reduced the expression of TSLP mRNA of lungs, CD40, CD80, and CD86 on dendritic cells, and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the OVA group. This study indicates that TSLP is increased in the airway epithelium in mice treated with OVA. In the lung inflammation model, TSLP activates dendritic cells (DCs) via up-regulation of CD40, CD80, and CD86, then induces the differentiation of prime naive CD4(+) T cells to become proinflammatory Th2 cells. Blocking TSLP is capable of inhibiting the production of Th2 cytokines, thus presents a promising strategy for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Li
- 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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Thunberg S, Gafvelin G, Nord M, Grönneberg R, Grunewald J, Eklund A, van Hage M. Allergen provocation increases TH2-cytokines and FOXP3 expression in the asthmatic lung. Allergy 2010; 65:311-8. [PMID: 19845574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is caused by allergen-specific IgE and T-helper cell (Th) type 2 responses towards airborne allergens. The objective of this study was to investigate local and systemic regulatory mechanisms in the early asthmatic response to bronchial allergen provocation. METHODS Birch pollen-allergic patients with mild asthma (n = 13) and healthy nonallergic controls (n = 14) were subjected to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood sampling. On patients BAL was performed twice: without preceding provocation ('before samples') and 24 h after bronchial provocation with birch pollen allergen. Lymphocytes in BAL and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were phenotyped by multi-colour flow cytometry and cytokines measured by cytometric bead array. Proliferation and secreted cytokines were analysed in allergen-stimulated PBMCs, CD25(+) depleted PBMCs and PBMCs with IL-10 neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS The numbers of CD69(+) and FOXP3(+) lymphocytes were higher in BAL after compared with before allergen provocation in asthmatic patients. Moreover, allergen provocation increased expression of FOXP3 in CD4(+)CD25(bright) cells. The cytokine profile in BAL fluid from asthmatics revealed higher levels of IL-5, compared with the controls, and an increase in IL-5, IL-6, IL-9 and IL-10 after allergen provocation. Pollen allergen stimulated PBMC cultures from asthmatic patients produced elevated levels of IL-5 and IL-13 compared with the controls, which were not affected by depletion of CD25(+) cells or IL-10 neutralization. CONCLUSION Despite an increase in CD4(+)CD25(bright) cells expressing high levels of FOXP3 in response to bronchial allergen provocation, asthmatic patients exhibit enhanced levels of Th2 cytokines in the lung, which may indicate an inability among infiltrating cells to suppress Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thunberg
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fang C, Siew LQC, Corrigan CJ, Ying S. The role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in allergic inflammation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2010; 58:81-90. [PMID: 20143171 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-010-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) primes dendritic cells to promote a Th2 inflammatory response. Its action is mediated by a heterodimeric receptor which consists of the interleukin-7 receptor alpha chain and the TSLP receptor chain (TSLPR). TSLPR resembles the common gamma chain subunit utilized by many type 1 cytokine receptors. Normal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and stromal cells constitutively express TSLP. Dendritic cells that are activated by TSLP promote the development of CD4(+) T cells into pro-inflammatory Th2 cells. TSLP thus plays a potentially important role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation in asthma and atopic dermatitis. TSLP also has direct effects on other types of cells in the bronchial mucosa. It is over-expressed in the bronchial mucosa in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is traditionally described as a Th1-related disease, as well as severe asthma, which is traditionally described as a Th2-related disease. In this review we will discuss TSLP expression, function, and available and potential mechanisms in both allergic inflammation and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailong Fang
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
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Lee SH, Prince JE, Rais M, Kheradmand F, Ballantyne CM, Weitz-Schmidt G, Smith CW, Corry DB. Developmental control of integrin expression regulates Th2 effector homing. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:4656-67. [PMID: 18354189 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Integrin CD18, a component of the LFA-1 complex that also includes CD11a, is essential for Th2, but not Th1, cell homing, but the explanation for this phenomenon remains obscure. In this study, we investigate the mechanism by which Th2 effector responses require the LFA-1 complex. CD11a-deficient T cells showed normal in vitro differentiation and function. However, Th2 cell-dependent allergic lung disease was markedly reduced in CD11a null mice and wild-type mice given LFA-1 inhibitors, whereas control of infection with Leishmania major, a Th1-dependent response, was enhanced. In both disease models, recruitment of IL-4-, but not IFN-gamma-secreting cells to relevant organs was impaired, as was adhesion of Th2 cells in vitro. These diverse findings were explained by the markedly reduced expression of CD29, an alternate homing integrin, on Th2, but not Th1, cells, which precludes Th2 homing in the absence of CD11a. Thus, murine Th1 and Th2 cells use distinct integrins for homing, suggesting novel opportunities for integrin-based therapeutic intervention in diverse human ailments influenced by Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyo Lee
- Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Rochman Y, Leonard WJ. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin: a new cytokine in asthma. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2008; 8:249-54. [PMID: 18450510 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells provide mechanical and immune protection against pathogens and allergens. Following activation, these cells produce a wide range of cytokines including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Recently it was established that a high level of TSLP is associated with asthma in mice and in humans. These findings suggest that interfering with the ability of cells to respond to TSLP might prevent the development of airway inflammation. Our review presents current knowledge on mediators that induce TSLP production and on the actions of TSLP on different populations of cells that are related to airway inflammation. TSLP affects dendritic cells, T cells, NKT cells, and mast cells, indicative of the broad role of TSLP in the regulation of inflammatory/allergic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yrina Rochman
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Building 10, Room 7B05, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Moerch U, Haahr Hansen M, Vest Hansen NJ, Rasmussen LK, Oleksiewicz MB, Frandsen TP, Haurum JS, Bregenholt S. Allergen-specific polyclonal antibodies reduce allergic disease in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 140:261-9. [PMID: 16699287 DOI: 10.1159/000093283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant allergen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody therapy can reduce allergic asthma symptoms by inhibiting the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic response. This study investigated the effect of intranasally administered allergen-specific monoclonal (mAb) and polyclonal (pAb) antibody on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a mouse model of human asthma. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgG2b antibodies were generated by phage display using spleens from OVA-immunized mice, and screening against OVA and finally expressed in CHO cells. Sensitized mice were treated intranasally with either a recombinant anti-OVA mAb (gc32) or a polyclonal preparation comprising seven selected antibodies (including gc32). Control mice received diluent only, OVA only, a control polymeric IgG or dexamethasone. Following challenge with nebulized OVA, investigators assessed airway inflammation by histology and cellular composition of the bronchoalveolar fluid, and methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Serum levels of total and OVA-specific IgE were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Sensitized mice developed airway inflammation and AHR in response to OVA challenge. Intranasally administered OVA-specific murine polyclonal or monoclonal IgG2b antibodies both reduced OVA-induced lung inflammation. Polyclonal, but not anti-OVA mAb, also reduced AHR and eosinophil influx into the airway lumen. Both anti-OVA antibody preparations reduced levels of specific IgE with no effect on total IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal treatment with allergen-specific pAb reduces pulmonary inflammation and AHR in a mouse model of allergic asthma, but allergen-specific mAb reduces inflammation only. Allergen-specific recombinant pAb offers a potentially valuable therapeutic approach to the management of allergic asthma.
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Adcock IM, Chung KF, Caramori G, Ito K. Kinase inhibitors and airway inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 533:118-32. [PMID: 16469308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinases are believed to play a crucial role in the expression and activation of inflammatory mediators in the airway, in T-cell function and airway remodelling. Important kinases such as Inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK)2, mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases and phsopho-inositol (PI)3 kinase regulate inflammation either through activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors such as activating protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), which are activated in airway disease, or through regulation of mRNA half-life. Selective kinase inhibitors have been developed which reduce inflammation and some characteristics of disease in animal models. Targeting specific kinases that are overexpressed or over active in disease should allow for selective treatment of respiratory diseases. Interest in this area has intensified due to the success of the specific Abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene (Abl) kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Encouraging data from animal models and primary cells and early Phase I and II studies in other diseases suggest that inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase and IKK2 may prove to be useful novel therapies in the treatment of severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis and other inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3, 6LY, United Kingdom.
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Lin TA, McIntyre KW, Das J, Liu C, O'Day KD, Penhallow B, Hung CY, Whitney GS, Shuster DJ, Yang X, Townsend R, Postelnek J, Spergel SH, Lin J, Moquin RV, Furch JA, Kamath AV, Zhang H, Marathe PH, Perez-Villar JJ, Doweyko A, Killar L, Dodd JH, Barrish JC, Wityak J, Kanner SB. Selective Itk inhibitors block T-cell activation and murine lung inflammation. Biochemistry 2004; 43:11056-62. [PMID: 15323564 DOI: 10.1021/bi049428r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases including Lck, ZAP-70, and Itk play essential roles in T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Gene knockout studies have revealed that mice lacking these individual kinases exhibit various degrees of immunodeficiency; however, highly selective small molecule inhibitors of these kinases as potential immunosuppressive agents have not been identified. Here we discovered two novel compounds, BMS-488516 and BMS-509744, that potently and selectively inhibit Itk kinase activity. The compounds reduce TCR-induced functions including PLCgamma1 tyrosine phosphorylation, calcium mobilization, IL-2 secretion, and T-cell proliferation in vitro in both human and mouse cells. The inhibitors suppress the production of IL-2 induced by anti-TCR antibody administered to mice. BMS-509744 also significantly diminishes lung inflammation in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergy/asthma. Our findings represent the first description of selective inhibitors to probe human Itk function and its associated pathway, and support the hypothesis that Itk is a therapeutic target for immunosuppressive and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-An Lin
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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Adcock IM, Caramori G. Kinase targets and inhibitors for the treatment of airway inflammatory diseases: the next generation of drugs for severe asthma and COPD? BioDrugs 2004; 18:167-80. [PMID: 15161334 DOI: 10.2165/00063030-200418030-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Kinases are believed to play a crucial role in the expression and activation of inflammatory mediators in the airway, in T-cell function, and in airway remodeling. Important pro-inflammatory transcription factors such as activating protein-1 and nuclear factor kappaB, which are activated in airway disease, require kinase activation to switch on inflammatory genes, while other kinases can regulate mRNA half-life. Selective kinase inhibitors have been developed that reduce inflammatory gene expression and some characteristics of disease in animal models. Targeting specific kinases that are overexpressed or overactive in disease should allow for selective treatment of airway inflammatory diseases. Interest in this area has intensified due to the success of the specific Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate, in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Encouraging data from animal models and primary cells and early phase I and II studies in other diseases suggest that inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and inhibitor of kappaB kinase-2 may prove to be useful novel therapies in the treatment of severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Adcock
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK.
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33
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Farley S. Hitting the MARCKS. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2004. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sehra S, Pynaert G, Tournoy K, Haegeman A, Matthys P, Tagawa Y, Pauwels R, Grooten J. Airway IgG counteracts specific and bystander allergen-triggered pulmonary inflammation by a mechanism dependent on Fc gamma R and IFN-gamma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:2080-9. [PMID: 12902514 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.4.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Besides IgE, the Ab isotype that gives rise to sensitization and allergic asthma, the immune response to common inhalant allergens also includes IgG. Increased serum titers of allergen-specific IgG, induced spontaneously or by allergen vaccination, have been implicated in protection against asthma. To verify the interference of topical IgG with the allergen-triggered eosinophilic airway inflammation that underlies asthma, sensitized mice were treated by intranasal instillation of specific IgG, followed by allergen challenge. This treatment strongly reduced eosinophilic inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia, and increased Th1 reactivity and IFN-gamma levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In contrast, inflammatory responses were unaffected in IFN-gamma-deficient mice or when applying F(ab')(2). Although dependent on specific allergen-IgG interaction, inflammation triggered by bystander allergens was similarly repressed. Perseverance of inflammation repression, apparent after secondary allergen challenge, and increased allergen capture by alveolar macrophages further characterized the consequences of topical IgG application. These results assign a novel protective function to anti-allergen IgG namely at the local level interference with the inflammatory cascade, resulting in repression of allergic inflammation through an FcgammaR- and IFN-gamma-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, these results provide a basis for topical immunotherapy of asthma by direct delivery of anti-allergen IgG to the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Sehra
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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De Bosscher K, Vanden Berghe W, Haegeman G. The interplay between the glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor-kappaB or activator protein-1: molecular mechanisms for gene repression. Endocr Rev 2003; 24:488-522. [PMID: 12920152 DOI: 10.1210/er.2002-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a highly regulated physiological process that is critically important for homeostasis. A precise physiological control of inflammation allows a timely reaction to invading pathogens or to other insults without causing overreaction liable to damage the host. The cellular signaling pathways identified as important regulators of inflammation are the signal transduction cascades mediated by the nuclear factor-kappaB and the activator protein-1, which can both be modulated by glucocorticoids. Their use in the clinic includes treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, allograft rejection, and allergic skin diseases. Although glucocorticoids have been widely used since the late 1940s, the molecular mechanisms responsible for their antiinflammatory activity are still under investigation. The various molecular pathways proposed so far are discussed in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolien De Bosscher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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36
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Combichem leads for asthma. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2003. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bashir MEH, Andersen P, Fuss IJ, Shi HN, Nagler-Anderson C. An enteric helminth infection protects against an allergic response to dietary antigen. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:3284-92. [PMID: 12218148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.6.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although helminths induce a polarized Th2 response they have been shown, in clinical studies, to confer protection against allergies. To elucidate the basis for this paradox, we have examined the influence of an enteric helminth infection on a model of food allergy. Upon Ag challenge, mice fed peanut (PN) extract plus the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) produced PN-specific IgE that correlated with systemic anaphylactic symptoms and elevated plasma histamine. PN-specific IgE was not induced in helminth-infected mice fed PN without CT. Moreover, when PN plus CT was fed to helminth-infected mice, both PN-specific IgE and anaphylactic symptoms were greatly diminished. The down-regulation of PN-specific IgE was associated with a marked reduction in the secretion of IL-13 by PN-specific T cells. When helminth-infected PN plus CT-sensitized mice were treated with neutralizing Abs to IL-10, the PN-specific IgE response and anaphylactic symptoms were similar to, or greater than, those seen in mice that receive PN and CT alone. Taken together, these results suggest that helminth-dependent protection against allergic disease involves immunoregulatory mechanisms that block production of allergen-specific IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elfatih H Bashir
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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