Current understanding of nonsurgical interventions for refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: a systematic review.
Future Sci OA 2021;
7:FSO738. [PMID:
34258030 PMCID:
PMC8256328 DOI:
10.2144/fsoa-2021-0041]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer incidence and related mortality is increasing year-on-year, and although treatment for early disease with surgery and radioiodine results in a 98% 5-year survival rate, recurrence and treatment refractory disease is evident in an unacceptable number of patients. Alternative treatment regimens have therefore been sought in the form of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and oncolytic viruses. The current review aims to consolidate knowledge and highlight the latest clinical trials using secondary therapies in thyroid cancer treatment, focusing on both in vitro and in vivo studies, which have investigated therapies other than radioiodine.
The rates of thyroid cancer and related deaths are increasing. Differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Early disease can be treated with surgery and radioactive iodine with very good outcomes. However, this therapy does not work for a small number of patients making it important to find different (secondary) treatment options. This review summarizes the results of published research about secondary treatment options for differentiated thyroid cancer. Ongoing research including laboratory-based and clinical trials are also highlighted.
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