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Lo EK, Mears BM, Maurer HC, Idrizi A, Hansen KD, Thompson ED, Hruban RH, Olive KP, Feinberg AP. Comprehensive DNA Methylation Analysis Indicates That Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Lesions Are Acinar-Derived and Epigenetically Primed for Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1905-1916. [PMID: 36989344 PMCID: PMC10239363 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is believed to arise from the accumulation of a series of somatic mutations and is also frequently associated with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions. However, there is still debate as to whether the cell type-of-origin of PanINs and PDACs in humans is acinar or ductal. As cell type identity is maintained epigenetically, DNA methylation changes during pancreatic neoplasia can provide a compelling perspective to examine this question. Here, we performed laser-capture microdissection on surgically resected specimens from 18 patients to isolate, with high purity, DNA for whole-genome bisulfite sequencing from four relevant cell types: acini, nonneoplastic ducts, PanIN lesions, and PDAC lesions. Differentially methylated regions (DMR) were identified using two complementary analytical approaches: bsseq, which identifies any DMRs but is particularly useful for large block-like DMRs, and informME, which profiles the potential energy landscape across the genome and is particularly useful for identifying differential methylation entropy. Both global methylation profiles and block DMRs clearly implicated an acinar origin for PanINs. At the gene level, PanIN lesions exhibited an intermediate acinar-ductal phenotype resembling acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. In 97.6% of PanIN-specific DMRs, PanIN lesions had an intermediate methylation level between normal and PDAC, which suggests from an information theory perspective that PanIN lesions are epigenetically primed to progress to PDAC. Thus, epigenomic analysis complements histopathology to define molecular progression toward PDAC. The shared epigenetic lineage between PanIN and PDAC lesions could provide an opportunity for prevention by targeting aberrantly methylated progression-related genes. SIGNIFICANCE Analysis of DNA methylation landscapes provides insights into the cell-of-origin of PanIN lesions, clarifies the role of PanIN lesions as metaplastic precursors to human PDAC, and suggests potential targets for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K.W. Lo
- Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian M. Mears
- Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H. Carlo Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Idrizi
- Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kasper D. Hansen
- Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Thompson
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth P. Olive
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Andrew P. Feinberg
- Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA
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Agrawal S, Das R, Singh AK, Kumar P, Shukla PK, Bhattacharya I, Tripathi AK, Mishra SK, Tiwari KN. Network pharmacology-based anti-pancreatic cancer potential of kaempferol and catechin of Trema orientalis L. through computational approach. Med Oncol 2023; 40:133. [PMID: 37010624 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic cancer, healthy cells in the pancreas begin to malfunction and proliferate out of control. According to our conventional knowledge, many plants contain several novel bioactive compounds, having pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of disease like pancreatic cancer. The methanolic fraction of fruit extract of Trema orientalis L. (MFETO) was analysed through HRMS. In this in silico study, pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties of the identified flavonoids from MFETO were screened out by ADMET analysis. Kaempferol and catechin followed Lipinski rules and showed no toxicity in Protox II. Targets of these compounds were taken from SwissTarget prediction and TCMSP whilst targets for pancreatic cancer were taken from GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common genes was generated through STRING and then exported to the Cytoscape to get top 5 hub genes (AKT1, SRC, EGFR, TNF, and CASP3). The interaction between compounds and hub genes was analysed using molecular docking, and high binding affinity between them can be visualised by Biovia discovery studio visualizer. Our study shows that, five hub genes related to pancreatic cancer play an important role in tumour growth induction, invasion and migration. Kaempferol effectively check cell migration by inhibiting ERK1/2, EGFR-related SRC, and AKT pathways by scavenging ROS whilst catechin inhibited TNFα-induced activation and cell cycle arrest at G1 and G2/M phases by induction of apoptosis of malignant cells. Kaempferol and catechin containing MFETO can be used for formulation of potent drugs for pancreatic cancer treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreni Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Richa Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Shukla
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Indrani Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tripathi
- School of Basic and Applied Science, Galgotias University, Gautam Budha Nagar, Greater Noida, 203201, UP, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India.
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
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Liu G, Zhang Y, Han S, Zhuang W, Lv J, Han M, Xie L, Jiang X, Wang C, Saimaier K, Shen J, Du C. TPN10466 ameliorates Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice via inhibiting ERK/JNK/p38 signaling pathway. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250100. [PMID: 36648433 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) eventually progresses to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma, causing irreversible damage to the liver. Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice is a well-established model with pathophysiology similar to that of immune-mediated liver injury in human viral and autoimmune hepatitis, and it has been widely used to explore the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of human immune hepatitis. Artemisinin has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects through unclear mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of the artemisinin derivative TPN10466 on AIH. In vitro studies showed that TPN10466 dose dependently inhibited the percentage of IFN-γ-producing T cells. Further studies showed that TPN10466 attenuated the disease severity of AIH by downregulating the ability of lymphocytes to secrete IFN-γ and by reducing lymphocyte number in the liver. In addition, we found that TPN10466 treatment reduced T-cell responses by inhibiting JNK, ERK, and p38 pathways. In conclusion, our work suggests that TPN10466 provides protection against the autoimmune disease AIH by suppressing the inflammatory response of T cells, suggesting that TPN10466 may be a promising potential agent for the treatment of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Sansheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Han
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangrui Jiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia, Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaidireya Saimaier
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia, Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Changsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Mesas C, Quiñonero F, Doello K, Revueltas JL, Perazzoli G, Cabeza L, Prados J, Melguizo C. Active Biomolecules from Vegetable Extracts with Antitumoral Activity against Pancreas Cancer: A Systematic Review (2011-2021). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1765. [PMID: 36362920 PMCID: PMC9695035 DOI: 10.3390/life12111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to pancreatic cancer (PC) current treatment requires the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this context, bioactive molecules from plant extracts have shown excellent properties to improve classical therapy against this type of tumor. This systematic review aims to collect all the in vitro studies related to the antiproliferative activity of isolated plant molecules that support their applicability in PC. A total of 620 articles published in the last 10 years were identified, although only 28 were finally included to meet the inclusion criteria. Our results reflect the most important biomolecules from natural compounds that induce cell death in PC and their essential mechanism of cell death, including apoptosis, pathways activated by the KRAS mutation and cycle cell arrest, among others. These in vitro studies provide an excellent molecule guide showing applications against PC and that should be tested in vivo and in clinical trials to determine their usefulness to reduce PC incidence and to improve the prognosis of these patients. However, natural compounds are isolated in small amounts, which prevents comprehensive drug screening, being necessary the role of organic synthesis for the total synthesis of natural compounds or for the synthesis of their simplified and bioactive analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mesas
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Quiñonero
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Kevin Doello
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - José L. Revueltas
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
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5
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A Review on Annona muricata and Its Anticancer Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184539. [PMID: 36139697 PMCID: PMC9497149 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is becoming more prevalent, raising concerns regarding how well current treatments work. Cancer patients frequently seek alternative treatments to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The use of medicinal plants in both preventative and curative healthcare is widely acknowledged. The compounds of graviola have shown promise as possible cancer-fighting agents and could be used to treat cancer. This review discusses bioactive metabolites present in graviola and their role in affecting the growth and death of different cancer cell types and the molecular mechanism of how it works to downregulate anti-apoptotic genes and the genes involved in pro-cancer metabolic pathways. Also, it reviews how simultaneously increasing the expression of genes promotes apoptosis and causes cancer cells to die so that the active phytochemicals found in graviola could be used as a promising anti-cancer agent. Abstract The ongoing rise in the number of cancer cases raises concerns regarding the efficacy of the various treatment methods that are currently available. Consequently, patients are looking for alternatives to traditional cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy as a replacement. Medicinal plants are universally acknowledged as the cornerstone of preventative medicine and therapeutic practices. Annona muricata is a member of the family Annonaceae and is familiar for its medicinal properties. A. muricata has been identified to have promising compounds that could potentially be utilized for the treatment of cancer. The most prevalent phytochemical components identified and isolated from this plant are alkaloids, phenols, and acetogenins. This review focuses on the role of A. muricata extract against various types of cancer, modulation of cellular proliferation and necrosis, and bioactive metabolites responsible for various pharmacological activities along with their ethnomedicinal uses. Additionally, this review highlights the molecular mechanism of the role of A. muricata extract in downregulating anti-apoptotic and several genes involved in the pro-cancer metabolic pathways and decreasing the expression of proteins involved in cell invasion and metastasis while upregulating proapoptotic genes and genes involved in the destruction of cancer cells. Therefore, the active phytochemicals identified in A. muricata have the potential to be employed as a promising anti-cancer agent.
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Anjum J, Mitra S, Das R, Alam R, Mojumder A, Emran TB, Islam F, Rauf A, Hossain MJ, Aljohani ASM, Abdulmonem WA, Alsharif KF, Alzahrani KJ, Khan H. A renewed concept on the MAPK signaling pathway in cancers: Polyphenols as a choice of therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106398. [PMID: 35988867 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway are a key contributor to the carcinogenesis process and have therefore been implicated in several aspects of tumorigenesis, including cell differentiation, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and metastasis. This pathway offers multiple molecular targets that may be modulated for anticancer activity and is of great interest for several malignancies. Polyphenols from various dietary sources have been observed to interfere with certain aspects of this pathway and consequently play a substantial role in the development and progression of cancer by suppressing cell growth, inactivating carcinogens, blocking angiogenesis, causing cell death, and changing immunity. A good number of polyphenolic compounds have shown promising outcomes in numerous pieces of research and are currently being investigated clinically to treat cancer patients. The current study concentrates on the role of the MAPK pathway in the development and metastasis of cancer, with particular emphasis on dietary polyphenolic compounds that influence the different MAPK sub-pathways to obtain an anticancer effect. This study aims to convey an overview of the various aspects of the MAPK pathway in cancer development and invasion, as well as a review of the advances achieved in the development of polyphenols to modulate the MAPK signaling pathway for better treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhaer Anjum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Roksana Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Anik Mojumder
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
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Zhu M, Zhou L, Hu S, Miao Q, Gong J, Zhang N, Zhang G, Wang M, Wang J, He H, Wang Y. Rational Design and Systemic Appraisal of an EGFR-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate LR-DM1 for Pancreatic Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7141-7153. [PMID: 35522590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
By harnessing the payload DM1 and a monoclonal antibody LR004 through a noncleavable linker succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, we designed and evaluated an antibody-drug conjugate LR-DM1 with an appropriate drug-antibody ratio of 3.6. LR-DM1, which was targeted toward the epidermal growth factor receptor for pancreatic cancer, exhibited potent antiproliferation activity in vitro with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 7.03 nM for Capan-2 cells. Particularly, it displayed prominent tumor growth inhibition in vivo under 20 mg/kg LR-DM1 dosage in a single administration or multiple administrations without apparent abnormality of pathological observation. Moreover, LR-DM1 possessed a relatively broad therapeutic index with a half-lethal dose above 300 mg/kg, which was over 15-fold higher than the highest administration dosage of 20 mg/kg. This initial study on LR-DM1 holds promise for further development of a new antibody drug conjugate that is transformative for treatment of patients concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shangjiu Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qingfang Miao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianhua Gong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guoning Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Juxian Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongwei He
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Periyasamy L, Muruganantham B, Park WY, Muthusami S. Phyto-targeting the CEMIP Expression as a Strategy to Prevent Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:922-946. [PMID: 35236267 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220302153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastasis of primary pancreatic cancer (PC) to adjacent or distant organs is responsible for the poor survival rate of affected individuals. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are currently being prescribed to treat PC in addition to surgical resection. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for PC that leads to 20% of 5-year survival, but only less than 20% of patients are eligible for surgical resection because of the poor prognosis. To improve the prognosis and clinical outcome, early diagnostic markers need to be identified, and targeting them would be of immense benefit to increase the efficiency of the treatment. Cell migration-inducing hyaluronan-binding protein (CEMIP) is identified as an important risk factor for the metastasis of various cancers, including PC. Emerging studies have pointed out the crucial role of CEMIP in the regulation of various signaling mechanisms, leading to enhanced migration and metastasis of PC. METHODS The published findings on PC metastasis, phytoconstituents, and CEMIP were retrieved from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. Computational tools, such as gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter, were used to study the relationship between CEMIP expression and survival of PC individuals. RESULTS Gene expression analysis using the GEPIA database identified a stupendous increase in the CEMIP transcript in PC compared to adjacent normal tissues. KM plotter analysis revealed the impact of CEMIP on the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) among PC patients. Subsequently, several risk factors associated with PC development were screened, and their ability to regulate CEMIP gene expression was analyzed using computational tools. CONCLUSION The current review is focused on gathering information regarding the regulatory role of phytocomponents in PC migration and exploring their possible impact on the CEMIP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganayaki Periyasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 021, India
| | - Bharathi Muruganantham
- Karpagam Cancer Research Centre, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 021, India
| | - Woo-Yoon Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sridhar Muthusami
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 021, India
- Karpagam Cancer Research Centre, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 021, India
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Chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer by inhibition of glutathione-S transferase P1. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1484-1492. [PMID: 34031785 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is among the most refractory malignancies with poor prognosis. Thus, preventive approaches, in addition to the development of novel therapeutic strategies are essential for this type of cancer. KRAS mutations occur very early in the development of pancreatic cancers and could be targeted for its prevention, yet specific inhibitors for mutated KRAS are lacking. Accordingly, Glutathione-S Transferase p1 (GSTP1), which we recently found to be an autocrine stimulator of mutated KRAS signaling, is predicted to be an alternative target for chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer. In this study, chemopreventive effects of O-Hexadecyl-γ-glutamyl-S-benzyl-cysteinyl-D-phenyl glycine-Ethylester (HGBPE), which we previously synthesized to inhibit GSTP1 activity, was analyzed for its effect on the prevention of a rat pancreatic carcinogenesis model induced by 7,12-dimethyl-benzanthracene (DMBA). Rats administered with DMBA were grouped into five cohorts. In the treated group I, which was treated neither with HGBPE nor vehicle, sequential appearance of precancerous lesions, ductal complexes, and adenocarcinoma was confirmed as previously reported. We also confirmed in this group that mutations of KRAS and expression of GSTP1 simultaneously occurred in the ductal complex. To rats of groups II and IV, HGBPE was administered, and vehicle to those of group III and V. In groups of II and IV, the incidence of both ductal complex and adenocarcinoma were significantly lower than those in groups III and V. These data clearly suggest the efficacy of HGBP as a potential chemopreventive agent for pancreatic cancer.
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He QR, Tang JJ, Liu Y, Chen ZF, Liu YX, Chen H, Li D, Yi ZF, Gao JM. The natural product trienomycin A is a STAT3 pathway inhibitor that exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo efficacy against pancreatic cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2496-2515. [PMID: 33687738 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer is an exceptionally fatal disease. However, therapeutic drugs for pancreatic cancer have presented a serious shortage over the past few decades. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) is persistently activated in many human cancers where it promotes tumour development and progression. Natural products serve as an inexhaustible source of anticancer drugs. Here, we identified the natural product trienomycin A (TA), an ansamycin antibiotic, as a potential inhibitor of the STAT3 pathway with potent activity against pancreatic cancer. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of trienomycin A on transcriptional activity of STAT3 were assessed by the STAT3-luciferase (STAT3-luc) reporter system. In vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity of TA against pancreatic cancer made use of molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, MTS assay, colony formation assay, transwell migration/invasion assay, flow cytometric analysis, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, tumour xenograft model, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS Trienomycin A directly bound to STAT3 and inhibited STAT3 (Tyr705) phosphorylation, thus inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. Trienomycin A also inhibited colony formation, proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Trienomycin A also markedly blocked pancreatic tumour growth in vivo. More importantly, trienomycin A did not show obvious toxicity at the effective dose in mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Trienomycin A exerted anti-neoplastic activity by suppressing STAT3 activation in pancreatic cancer. This natural product could be a novel therapeutic candidate for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Rui He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Huang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zheng-Fang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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11
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Morrison MEW, Hobika EG, Joseph JM, Stenzel AE, Mongiovi JM, Tang L, McCann SE, Marshall J, Fountzilas C, Moysich KB. Cruciferous vegetable consumption and pancreatic cancer: A case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 72:101924. [PMID: 33714902 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a deadly malignancy with limited screening and few modifiable risk factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between a modifiable lifestyle behavior, cruciferous vegetable consumption, and pancreatic cancer, both overall and by subgroups based on non-modifiable, established risk factors. METHODS We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study utilizing data from the Patient Epidemiology Data System (1982-1998) at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Buffalo, NY) which included 183 pancreatic cancer patients and 732 cancer-free controls. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire including a 52-item food frequency questionnaire and other epidemiologic data. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, smoking status, total meat, and family history of pancreatic cancer, was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between cruciferous vegetable consumption and pancreatic cancer. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, smoking status, and BMI. RESULTS We observed inverse associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and pancreatic cancer, with a significant 40% lower odds of pancreatic cancer among subjects consuming >1.5 servings per week (SPW) of raw cruciferous vegetables compared to those consuming less than 0.5 SPW (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39-0.93). Each additional SPW of total, raw, and cooked cruciferous vegetables was associated with a significant 7-15% lower odds of pancreatic cancer, with the strongest association seen in raw cruciferous vegetables (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75-0.95). We observed inverse associations between raw cruciferous vegetable intake and pancreatic cancer among people who were overweight, former smokers, and males, ranging from 50% to 59% lower odds. CONCLUSION Consuming cruciferous vegetables, especially raw cruciferous vegetables, is a modifiable lifestyle behavior which may be inversely associated with pancreatic cancer, including among subgroups with other non- or not easily modifiable risk factors for this deadly malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma G Hobika
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York, 14456, United States
| | - Janine M Joseph
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263, United States
| | - Ashley E Stenzel
- Program in Health Disparities Research, Department of Family Medicine & Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jennifer M Mongiovi
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263, United States
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263, United States
| | - Susan E McCann
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263, United States
| | - James Marshall
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263, United States
| | - Christos Fountzilas
- Department of Medicine, GI Center, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263, United States
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263, United States.
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12
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Jentzsch V, Davis JAA, Djamgoz MBA. Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC): Introduction of Evidence-Based Complementary Measures into Integrative Clinical Management. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3096. [PMID: 33114159 PMCID: PMC7690843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common form of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which comprises some 85% of all cases. Currently, this is the fourth highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide and its incidence is rising steeply. Commonly applied clinical therapies offer limited chance of a lasting cure and the five-year survival rate is one of the lowest of the commonly occurring cancers. This review cultivates the hypothesis that the best management of PDAC would be possible by integrating 'western' clinical medicine with evidence-based complementary measures. Protecting the liver, where PDAC frequently first spreads, is also given some consideration. Overall, the complementary measures are divided into three groups: dietary factors, nutraceutical agents and lifestyle. In turn, dietary factors are considered as general conditioners, multi-factorial foodstuffs and specific compounds. The general conditioners are alkalinity, low-glycemic index and low-cholesterol. The multi-factorial foodstuffs comprise red meat, fish, fruit/vegetables, dairy, honey and coffee. The available evidence for the beneficial effects of the specific dietary and nutraceutical agents was considered at four levels (in order of prominence): clinical trials, meta-analyses, in vivo tests and in vitro studies. Thus, 9 specific agents were identified (6 dietary and 3 nutraceutical) as acceptable for integration with gemcitabine chemotherapy, the first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. The specific dietary agents were the following: Vitamins A, C, D and E, genistein and curcumin. As nutraceutical compounds, propolis, triptolide and cannabidiol were accepted. The 9 complementary agents were sub-grouped into two with reference to the main 'hallmarks of cancer'. Lifestyle factors covered obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol and exercise. An integrative treatment regimen was devised for the management of PDAC patients. This involved combining first-line gemcitabine chemotherapy with the two sub-groups of complementary agents alternately in weekly cycles. The review concludes that integrated management currently offers the best patient outcome. Opportunities to be investigated in the future include emerging modalities, precision medicine, the nerve input to tumors and, importantly, clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Jentzsch
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Business School, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James A. A. Davis
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
| | - Mustafa B. A. Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
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13
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Liu P, Ying Q, Liu H, Yu SQ, Bu LP, Shao L, Li XY. Curcumin enhances anti‑cancer efficacy of either gemcitabine or docetaxel on pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1393-1402. [PMID: 32945513 PMCID: PMC7448442 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural compound extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa), which has been reported to be a promising anti‑cancer drug in various human cancers. However, the effects of combination treatment of curcumin with gemcitabine or docetaxel on pancreatic cancer remains elusive. In the present study, the combinatory effects of curcumin with either gemcitabine or docetaxel on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration as well as invasion of PC cells were investigated. Calcusyn software was used to determine whether curcumin has is synergistic with gemcitabine or docetaxel. Combination index values from combinational use were all lower than 1, indicating the synergism of curcumin with gemcitabine or docetaxel on PC cells in vitro. EdU assay showed that curcumin could enhance the ability of gemcitabine or docetaxel to inhibit the proliferation of PC cells. Furthermore, the results from transmission electron microscope, DAPI staining experiments and western blot analysis revealed that curcumin may trigger apoptosis of PC cells via PARP/caspase‑3 signaling pathway and reinforced pro‑apoptotic ability of either gemcitabine or docetaxel. In addition, curcumin exhibited marked suppressive ability on metastasis of PC cells by wound healing and matrigel‑transwell assay. Mechanistically, upregulation of TIMP1/TIMP2 with concomitant downregulation of MMP2/MMP9/N‑cadherin proteins may be involved in this process. In conclusion, curcumin showed synergistic anti‑cancer effects with either gemcitabine or docetaxel on PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qian Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Si-Qi Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Ping Bu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P.R. China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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14
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Selective Induction of Cellular Toxicity and Anti-tumor Efficacy by N-Methylpiperazinyl Diarylidenylpiperidone and its Pro-nitroxide Conjugate through ROS-mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and G2/M Cell-cycle Arrest in Human Pancreatic Cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:191-202. [PMID: 32449075 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an aggressive cancer with poor clinical prognosis and limited therapeutic options. There is a significant lack of effective, safe, and targeted therapies for successful treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this report, we describe the anticancer efficacy of two novel compounds, N-methylpiperazinyl diarylidenylpiperidone (L-2663) and its pro-nitroxide conjugate (HO-4589) evaluated on human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (AsPC-1) cell line and xenograft tumor in mice. Using flow cytometry, we determined the effect of the L-2663 and HO-4589 drugs in inducing mitochondrial toxicity, triggering cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. EPR spectroscopy was used to quantify cellular uptake, metabolic conversion and stability of HO-4589 in cells and in vivo monitoring of tumor oxygenation as a function of growth. The results established different antiproliferative efficacy of the L-2663 and HO-4589 compounds, with a targeted action on cancer cells while being less toxic to noncancerous cells. The study may have important implications in the future designs of safe and effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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15
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Wang S, Liu X, Khan AA, Li H, Tahir M, Yan X, Wang J, Huang H. miR-216a-mediated upregulation of TSPAN1 contributes to pancreatic cancer progression via transcriptional regulation of ITGA2. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1115-1129. [PMID: 32368389 PMCID: PMC7191091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is recognized as the most aggressive and deadliest malignancy because it has the highest mortality of all cancers in humans. Mutations in multiple tumor suppressors and oncogenes have been documented to be involved in pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. The upregulation of tetraspanin 1 (TSPAN1), a transmembrane protein, has been reportedly observed in many human cancers. However, the role of TSPAN1 and its underlying molecular mechanisms in PC progression have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we validated the oncogenic role of TSPAN1 in PC, showing that TSPAN1 reinforces cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorigenesis. To investigate the upregulation of TSPAN1 in PC, we showed that miR-216a is the upstream negative regulator of TSPAN1 via direct binding to the TSPAN1 3'-untranslated region. Through RNA-Seq analysis, we for the first time revealed that TSPAN1 expression transcriptionally regulates ITGA2, which is involved in the actin cytoskeleton pathway. The stimulated cell proliferation and invasion initiated by TSPAN1 overexpression could be abolished by knockdown of ITGA2 in PC cells. Furthermore, TSPAN1 epigenetically regulates the expression of ITGA2 by modulating the levels of TET2 DNMT3B and DNMT1, resulting in hypomethylation of the CpG island of the ITGA2 promoter. In conclusion, the newly identified miR-216a/TSPAN1/ITGA2 axis is involved in the modulation of PC progression and represents a novel therapeutic strategy for future pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shensen Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124, China
| | - Aamir Ali Khan
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xinlong Yan
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hua Huang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124, China
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16
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Yang K, Zhan L, Lu T, Zhou C, Chen X, Dong Y, Lv G, Chen S. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides protected against ethanol-induced acute liver injury in vivo and in vitro via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Cytokine 2020; 130:155058. [PMID: 32222695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced liver injury is characterized by strong inflammation. Polysaccharides separated from herbs can prevent ethanol-induced liver injury. Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo leaves (D. officinale) are a new food resource that contains a certain amount of polysaccharide. However, the hepatoprotective effects and the potential mechanisms of D. officinale polysaccharide (DOP) remain unknown. Thus, this study aimed to assess the hepatoprotective effects and potential mechanism in vivo and in vitro of DOP. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish alcohol-induced liver injury models through the oral gavage of absolute alcohol (5 mL/kg) after the oral administration of DOP (400 and 100 mg/kg) for 30 days. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for the histological assessments of hepatocyte degeneration, and the AST and ALT levels in the serum and liver tissue were measured. The inflammatory markers were evaluated using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The potential mechanism of DOP in alcohol-induced liver cell (LO2) injury in vitro was further identified. Results showed that DOP clearly decreased the AST in the serum and hepatic tissue, obviously reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and can successfully inhibit NF-κB phosphorylation in vivo. In vitro experiments indicated that DOP increased the LO2 cell viability; prevented LDH release prominently; reduced the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α; and reversed the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, caspase 1, NLRP3, p-NF-κB, and TLR4. Overall, DOP can alleviate ethanol-induced acute liver injury via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Lianghui Zhan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yingjie Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Guiyuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, No. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Suhong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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17
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Desai P, Wang KZ, Ann D, Wang J, Prabhu S. Efficacy and Pharmacokinetic Considerations of Loratadine Nanoformulations and its Combinations for Pancreatic Cancer Chemoprevention. Pharm Res 2020; 37:21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Xu Y, Tan M, Tian X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Chen J, Xu W, Sheng H. Leptin receptor mediates the proliferation and glucose metabolism of pancreatic cancer cells via AKT pathway activation. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:945-952. [PMID: 31789415 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer‑related mortality worldwide. Leptin is an adipokine that is significantly increased in obese patients and that functions in various biological processes of cancer, such as tumor growth and metastasis. However, its role in PC cell proliferation and glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, in vitro leptin treatment significantly promoted cell proliferation and increased glucose uptake and lactate production of human PC and healthy pancreas cells in a dose‑dependent manner, accompanied by increased expression of the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase II and glucose transporter 1. Furthermore, leptin receptor‑specific short hairpin RNAs were used to silence leptin receptor expression in PC cells, which had the opposite effect to leptin stimulation and decreased AKT phosphorylation. In addition, the effects of leptin stimulation were significantly counteracted by the AKT inhibitor LY294002, whereas the effects of leptin silencing were counteracted by AKT activator insulin‑like growth factor 1. The results of the present study suggested that leptin may contribute to cell proliferation and glucose metabolism of human PC cells, which may be through activation of the AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Xu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Meiyu Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Shanghai 200041, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
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19
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Ma Q, Qian W, Tao W, Zhou Y, Xue B. Delivery Of Curcumin Nanoliposomes Using Surface Modified With CD133 Aptamers For Prostate Cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:4021-4033. [PMID: 31819373 PMCID: PMC6886545 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s210949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to characterize curcumin (CUR)-loaded CD133 aptamer A15 liposomes for their antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Methods The modified CUR liposomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration technique. Results The particles showed spherical shape under electron microscopy with sizes <100 nm. Initial drug burst release was observed within 2 hrs and then the drug was continuously released over 48 hrs. No aggregation or precipitation of liposomes was observed during storage for 3 months. In vitro results showed that blank LPs had lower cellular cytotoxicity. Both liposomes of CUR (with or without A15 modified) exhibited a similar trend of cellular cytotoxicity at the same concentration. With the extension of incubation time, A15-CUR LPs showed a greater inhibitory effect on cells. Cell internalization in DU145 cells was higher for A15-CUR LPs than others. An in vivo study using DU145 prostate carcinoma bearing mice showed that A15-CUR LPs reduced tumor growth more than other forms of CUR. Conclusion These results indicate that A15 modified CUR liposomes are a promising candidate for antitumor drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Zhou
- Department of Operation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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20
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Desai P, Thakkar A, Ann D, Wang J, Prabhu S. Loratadine self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) in combination with sulforaphane for the synergistic chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:641-651. [PMID: 30706304 PMCID: PMC6827432 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), currently the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA, is projected to become the second leading cause, behind lung cancer, by 2020. The increasing incidence, low survival rate, and limited treatment opportunities necessitate the use of alternative approaches such as chemoprevention, to tackle PC. In this study, we report significant synergistic chemoprevention efficacy for the first time from a low-dose combination of a classical antihistaminic drug, Loratadine (LOR) and a neutraceutical compound, Sulforaphane (SFN) using a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulation. The formulation was developed using Quality by Design approach (globule size, 95.13 ± 7.9 nm; PDI, 0.17 ± 0.04) and revealed significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in the in vitro dissolution profile confirming the enhanced solubility of BCS class II drug LOR with SMEDDS formulation. The LOR-SFN combination revealed ~ 40-fold reduction in IC50 concentration compared to LOR alone in MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1 cell lines respectively, confirming the synergistic enhancement in chemoprevention. Further, the nanoformulation resulted in ~ 7-fold and ~ 11-fold reduction in IC50 values compared to LOR-SFN combination. Hence, our studies successfully demonstrate that a unique low-dose combination of LOR encapsulated within SMEDDs with SFN shows significantly enhanced chemopreventive efficacy of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preshita Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Arvind Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New England, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - David Ann
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Sunil Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
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Anti-cancer effects of polyphenols via targeting p53 signaling pathway: updates and future directions. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 38:107385. [PMID: 31004736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer effects of polyphenols are ascribed to several signaling pathways including the tumor suppressor gene tumor protein 53 (p53). Expression of endogenous p53 is silent in various types of cancers. A number of polyphenols from a wide variety of dietary sources could upregulate p53 expression in several cancer cell lines through distinct mechanisms of action. The aim of this review is to focus the significance of p53 signaling pathways and to provide molecular intuitions of dietary polyphenols in chemoprevention by monitoring p53 expression that have a prominent role in tumor suppression.
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Effect of Different Tensoactives on the Morphology and Release Kinetics of PLA-b-PEG Microcapsules Loaded With the Natural Anticancer Compound Perillyl Alcohol. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:860-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhu XC, Zhang T. Antitumor mechanisms of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:2029-2035. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i35.2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids, as the metabolic product of arachidonic acid, play an important role in tumor development and metastasis. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and lipoxygenase (LOX) are two key enzymes that mediate the metabolism of arachidonic acid. So far, great progress has been made on the research of COX-2 and prostaglandins, and it has been demonstrated that they can induce the imbalance between cell growth and apoptosis as well as tumor angiogenesis. LOX and its metabolites, such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and leukotriene (LT), have received more and more attention for their role in tumor development. Research has proved that LT-B4 and 5-HETE participate in the occurrence and development of multiple tumors. Therefore, COX and LOX dual inhibitors prove a new approach to anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chao Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lepidium meyenii Walp Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity against ConA-Induced Acute Hepatitis. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8982756. [PMID: 30647537 PMCID: PMC6311815 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8982756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong inflammation is a prominent pathogenesis of acute hepatitis, which can induce hepatocyte death and lead to liver failure. Lepidium meyenii Walp (Maca) is a traditional herbal medicine mostly used in improving sperm motility and serum hormone levels, etc. However, there are no reports that showed Maca was designed for treating hepatitis so far. Therefore, the protective effects and pharmacological mechanisms of Maca are unknown in hepatitis. In this study, we found that the protective effects of Maca extract ameliorate ConA-induced acute hepatitis (CIH) and underlying mechanisms. We determined that pretreatment with Maca extract significantly suppressed the production of aminotransferases and inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-17a, and moderated acute liver injury in CIH. Maca recruited more myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to the liver and suppressed infiltration of natural killer T cells (NKT cells) and macrophages in the liver. Furthermore, our data indicated the molecular mechanism of the inhibitory inflammatory effects of Maca, which should suppress the activation of NF-κB, IFN-γ/STAT1, and IL-6/STAT3 signalings. Collectively, this present research explores Maca as an effective hepatoprotective medicine to inhibit inflammation and liver injury caused by acute hepatitis.
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Liu YH, Weng YP, Tsai HY, Chen CJ, Lee DY, Hsieh CL, Wu YC, Lin JY. Aqueous extracts of Paeonia suffruticosa modulates mitochondrial proteostasis by reactive oxygen species-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 46:184-192. [PMID: 30097117 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains the leading cause of cancer mortality, with limited therapeutic targets, and alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related proteostasis may be a potential target for therapy. The root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa has been shown to inhibit cancer growth and metastasis, although its impact on PC is unknown. PURPOSE To ascertain the anti-cancer effects of P. suffruticosa on oncogenic functions of PC and determine the detailed molecular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN Efficacy assessment of extracts, in vitro using PC cells as a model system and in vivo in mouse xenograft tumors. METHODS P. suffruticosa aqueous extracts (PS) were prepared and assessed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cell viability, proteins, and cell components were measured using MTT assay, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and migration were assessed using colorimetric assays, fluorescence activated cell sorting, and transwell migration. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated with a commercial 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate kit. For the xenograft model, AsPC1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice and PS (oral) was administered over 3 weeks with or without gemcitabine (GEM, intraperitoneal), a first-line advanced/metastatic PC therapy. RESULTS PS stimulated ER stress and affected mitochondrial membrane potential to increase autophagosome numbers and block their degradation, followed by autophagy induction and finally cell apoptosis. Additionally, PS-mediated proteostasis impairment resulted in altered dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, cell motility impairment, and cell cycle progression inhibition. Conversely, a ROS scavenger partially reversed PS-mediated degradation of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (PPIB), an ER protein important for protein folding, suggesting that ROS generation by PS may be the upstream of PS-triggering of mitophagy and final cell apoptosis. Nevertheless, oral administration of PS, alone or in combination with GEM, delayed tumor growth in a xenograft model without affecting body weight. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that PS may constitute a potential new alternative or complementary medicine for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huei Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yui-Ping Weng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Natural Products & Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yaw Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Ting-Chow Road, Section 4, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sinkala M, Mulder N, Martin DP. Integrative landscape of dysregulated signaling pathways of clinically distinct pancreatic cancer subtypes. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29123-29139. [PMID: 30018740 PMCID: PMC6044387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite modern therapeutic advances, the survival prospects of pancreatic cancer patients have remained poor. Besides being highly metastatic, pancreatic cancer is challenging to treat because it is caused by a heterogeneous array of somatic mutations that impact a variety of signaling pathways and cellular regulatory systems. Here we use publicly available transcriptomic, copy number alteration and mutation profiling datasets from pancreatic cancer patients together with data on disease outcomes to show that the three major pancreatic cancer subtypes each display distinctive aberrations in cell signaling and metabolic pathways. Importantly, patients afflicted with these different pancreatic cancer subtypes also exhibit distinctive survival profiles. Within these patients, we find that dysregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and p53 mediated disruptions of cell cycle processes are apparently drivers of disease. Further, we identify for the first time the molecular perturbations of signalling networks that are likely the primary causes of oncogenesis in each of the three pancreatic cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musalula Sinkala
- University of Cape Town, School of Health Sciences, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Computational Biology Division, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Nicola Mulder
- University of Cape Town, School of Health Sciences, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Computational Biology Division, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Darren Patrick Martin
- University of Cape Town, School of Health Sciences, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Computational Biology Division, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
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Čeponytė U, Paškevičiūtė M, Petrikaitė V. Comparison of NSAIDs activity in COX-2 expressing and non-expressing 2D and 3D pancreatic cancer cell cultures. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1543-1551. [PMID: 29942156 PMCID: PMC6007190 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s163747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we evaluated the anticancer activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell cultures. Methods To test the effect of compounds on the viability of cells, the MTT assay was used. The activity of NSAIDs in 3D cell cultures was evaluated by measuring the size change of spheroids. The type of cell death was identified by cell staining with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide. To evaluate the effect on the colony-forming ability of cancer cells, the clonogenic assay was used. Results Five out of seven tested NSAIDs reduced the viability of BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells. Fenamates were more active against cyclooxygenase-2 expressing BxPC-3 than cyclooxygenase-2 non-expressing MIA PaCa-2 cell line. Fenamates and coxibs exerted higher activity in monolayer cultured cells, whereas salicylates were more active in 3D cultures. Fenamates and coxibs induced dose-dependent apoptosis and necrosis. NSAIDs also inhibited the colony-forming ability of cancer cells. Meclofenamic acid, niflumic acid, and parecoxib possessed higher activity on BxPC-3, and celecoxib possessed higher activity on MIA PaCa-2 cell colony formation. Conclusion Our results show that fenamates, coxibs, and salicylates possess anticancer activity on human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugnė Čeponytė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Miglė Paškevičiūtė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Qazi AK, Siddiqui JA, Jahan R, Chaudhary S, Walker LA, Sayed Z, Jones DT, Batra SK, Macha MA. Emerging therapeutic potential of graviola and its constituents in cancers. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:522-533. [PMID: 29462271 PMCID: PMC5888937 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death in the USA and around the world. Although the current synthetic inhibitors used in targeted therapies have improved patient prognosis, toxicity and development of resistance to these agents remain a challenge. Plant-derived natural products and their derivatives have historically been used to treat various diseases, including cancer. Several leading chemotherapeutic agents are directly or indirectly based on botanical natural products. Beyond these important drugs, however, a number of crude herbal or botanical preparations have also shown promising utility for cancer and other disorders. One such natural resource is derived from certain plants of the family Annonaceae, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Among the best known of these is Annona muricata, also known as soursop, graviola or guanabana. Extracts from the fruit, bark, seeds, roots and leaves of graviola, along with several other Annonaceous species, have been extensively investigated for anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Phytochemical studies have identified the acetogenins, a class of bioactive polyketide-derived constituents, from the extracts of Annonaceous species, and dozens of these compounds are present in different parts of graviola. This review summarizes current literature on the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanism of these constituents from A.muricata against cancer and many non-malignant diseases. Based on available data, there is good evidence that these long-used plants could have both chemopreventive and therapeutic potential. Appropriate attention to safety studies will be important to assess their effectiveness on various diseases caused or promoted by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khurshid Qazi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, USA
| | - Zafar Sayed
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dwight T Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Trestini I, Carbognin L, Sperduti I, Bonaiuto C, Auriemma A, Melisi D, Salvatore L, Bria E, Tortora G. Prognostic impact of early nutritional support in patients affected by locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing chemotherapy. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:772-779. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Molecular aspects of cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacies of tea and tea polyphenols. Nutrition 2017; 43-44:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wu Z, Jing S, Li Y, Gao Y, Yu S, Li Z, Zhao Y, Piao J, Ma S, Chen X. The effects of SAHA on radiosensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and targeting RAD51. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:705-710. [PMID: 28267674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Suberoyl anilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is one of the most promising Histone deacetylases(HDAC) inhibitors which has shown significant anti-tumor activity for many malignancies. We explored the potential mechanism of the radiosensitivity effect of SAHA in Panc-1 cells and attempted to develop SAHA as a systemic treatment strategy for pancreatic cancer. Growth inhibition was detected by CCK-8 assay. Radiosensitizing enhancement ratio was determined by clonogenic assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis assay was detected using flow cytometry and annexin-V/PI. The level of Bax, Bcl-2, Ku70, Ku86, RAD51, RAD54 protein expression were detected using Western blot analysis. Gene silencing was processed by lentiviral vector and qRT-PCR was performed to detect mRNA expression. The results revealed that SAHA inhibited the proliferation of Panc-1 cells. SAHA enhanced the radiosensitivity with a sensitization enhancement ratio(SER) of 1.10 of the Panc-1 cells. SAHA induced G2-M phase arrest and apoptosis of Panc-1 cells with radiation. SAHA upregulated Bax and downregulated Bcl-2, Ku70, Ku86, RAD51, RAD54 protein expression of irradiated Panc-1 cells. SAHA enhanced the radiosensitivity of Panc-1 cells by modulating RAD51 expression. SAHA enhanced radiosensitivity to pancreatic carcinoma Panc-1 cells. It was associated with the G2-M phase arrest and apoptosis via modulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expression. Downregulation of Ku70, Ku86, RAD51 and RAD54 expression caused suppression of HR-mediated DNA repair. SAHA is a good radiosensitizer for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Wu
- Center of Hyperthermia Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital (Hangzhou First People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China; Key Laboratory of molecular oncology of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| | - Saisai Jing
- Department of Oncology, Cixi People's Hospital, Cixi, Zhejiang 315300, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Oncology, Cixi People's Hospital, Cixi, Zhejiang 315300, China
| | - Yabo Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Shuhuan Yu
- Center of Hyperthermia Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital (Hangzhou First People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Zhitian Li
- Center of Hyperthermia Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital (Hangzhou First People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of molecular oncology of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Jigang Piao
- Key Laboratory of molecular oncology of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Center of Hyperthermia Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital (Hangzhou First People's Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China; Key Laboratory of molecular oncology of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Natural Products as Adjunctive Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancements. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8412508. [PMID: 28232946 PMCID: PMC5292383 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8412508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a type of common malignant tumors with high occurrence in the world. Most patients presented in clinic had pancreatic cancer at advanced stages. Furthermore, chemotherapy or radiotherapy had very limited success in treating pancreatic cancer. Complementary and alternative medicines, such as natural products/herbal medicines, represent exciting adjunctive therapies. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of using natural products/herbal medicines, such as Chinese herbal medicine, in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents to treat pancreatic cancer in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Pan P, Skaer C, Yu J, Zhao H, Ren H, Oshima K, Wang LS. Berries and other natural products in the pancreatic cancer chemoprevention in human clinical trials. JOURNAL OF BERRY RESEARCH 2017; 7:147-161. [PMID: 29367867 PMCID: PMC5777607 DOI: 10.3233/jbr-170159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) was the 12th and 11th most common cancer in men and women worldwide in 2012, with the highest incidence in North America and Europe and the lowest in Africa and Asia. Due to the lack of efficient early diagnosis and rapid disease progression, PDAC patients have a 5-year survival rate of just 5%. Epidemiological studies suggest that smoking, obesity, type II diabetes, and pancreatitis are common risk factors for PDAC development. By contrast, high intake of fresh fruit, vegetables, and nuts rich in phytochemicals could reduce PDAC risk. This review summarizes the human clinical studies that have used berries or other natural products for chemoprevention of PDAC. Developing chemopreventive agents against PDAC would be tremendously valuable for the high-risk population and patients with premalignant lesions. Although some clinical trials of these agents have been completed, most are in early phases, and the results are not promising, which may be due to administration of the natural products at advanced stages of PDAC. Thus, further mechanistic studies using genetic animal models that recapitulate the tumor microenvironment and immunology of human PDAC would be informative for selecting an effective window for intervention with berries or other natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chad Skaer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. Present address: Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - He Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, RM C4930, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Corresponding author: Telephone: 414-955-2827 Fax: 414-955-6059
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Shang HS, Shih YL, Lu TJ, Lee CH, Hsueh SC, Chou YC, Lu HF, Liao NC, Chung JG. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) induces apoptosis of GBM 8401 human brain glioblastoma multiforms cells via activation of caspase-8/Bid and the reactive oxygen species-dependent mitochondrial pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1751-1760. [PMID: 28675694 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is one of member of the isothiocyanate family which has been shown to induce cancer cell apoptosis in many human cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BITC on the growth of GBM 8401 human brain glioblastoma multiforms cells. Results indicated that BITC-induced cell morphological changes decreased in the percentage of viable GBM8401 cells and these effects are dose-dependent manners. Results from flow cytometric assay indicated that BITC induced sub-G1 phase and induction of apoptosis of GBM 8401 cells. Furthermore, results also showed that BITC promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ release, but decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) and promoted caspase-8, -9, and -3 activates. After cells were pretreated with Z-IETD-FMK, Z-LEHD-FMK, and Z-DEVD-FMK (caspase-8, -9, and -3 inhibitors, respectively) led to decrease in the activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3 and increased the percentage of viable GBM 8401 cells that indicated which BITC induced cell apoptosis through caspase-dependent pathways. Western blotting indicated that BITC induced Fas, Fas-L, FADD, caspase-8, caspase -3, and pro-apoptotic protein (Bax, Bid, and Bak), but inhibited the ant-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-x) in GBM 8401 cells. Furthermore, BITC increased the release of cytochrome c, AIF, and Endo G from mitochondria that led to cell apoptosis. Results also showed that BITC increased GADD153, GRP 78, XBP-1, and ATF-6β, IRE-1α, IRE-1β, Calpain 1 and 2 in GBM 8401 cells, which is associated with ER stress. Based on these observations, we may suggest that BITC-induced apoptosis might be through Fas receptor, ROS induced ER stress, caspase-3, and mitochondrial signaling pathways. Taken together, these molecular alterations and signaling pathways offer an insight into BITC-caused growth inhibition and induced apoptotic cell death of GBM 8401 cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1751-1760, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Sheng Shang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tai-Jung Lu
- Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Hsiao Lee
- Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ching Hsueh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nien-Chieh Liao
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Ilic M, Ilic I. Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9694-9705. [PMID: 27956793 PMCID: PMC5124974 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i44.9694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 877] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer death in both sexes together. Globally, about 338000 people had pancreatic cancer in 2012, making it the 11th most common cancer. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality varied considerably in the world. A known cause of pancreatic cancer is tobacco smoking. This risk factor is likely to explain some of the international variations and gender differences. The overall five-year survival rate is about 6% (ranges from 2% to 9%), but this vary very small between developed and developing countries. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, genetics, diabetes, diet, inactivity. There are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, so primary prevention is of utmost importance. A better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
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Uddin MJ, Crews BC, Xu S, Ghebreselasie K, Daniel CK, Kingsley PJ, Banerjee S, Marnett LJ. Antitumor Activity of Cytotoxic Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3052-3060. [PMID: 27588346 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumors has been explored as a means to increase the selectivity and potency of cytotoxicity. Most efforts in this area have exploited the molecular recognition of proteins highly expressed on the surface of cancer cells followed by internalization. A related approach that has received less attention is the targeting of intracellular proteins by ligands conjugated to anticancer drugs. An attractive target for this approach is the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is highly expressed in a range of malignant tumors. Herein, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a series of chemotherapeutic agents targeted to COX-2 by conjugation to indomethacin. Detailed characterization of compound 12, a conjugate of indomethacin with podophyllotoxin, revealed highly potent and selective COX-2 inhibition in vitro and in intact cells. Kinetics and X-ray crystallographic studies demonstrated that compound 12 is a slow, tight-binding inhibitor that likely binds to COX-2's allosteric site with its indomethacin moiety in a conformation similar to that of indomethacin. Compound 12 exhibited cytotoxicity in cell culture similar to that of podophyllotoxin with no evidence of COX-2-dependent selectivity. However, in vivo, compound 12 accumulated selectively in and more effectively inhibited the growth of a COX-2-expressing xenograft compared to a xenograft that did not express COX-2. Compound 12, which we have named chemocoxib A, provides proof-of-concept for the in vivo targeting of chemotherapeutic agents to COX-2 but suggests that COX-2-dependent selectivity may not be evident in cell culture-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jashim Uddin
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Brenda C. Crews
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shu Xu
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kebreab Ghebreselasie
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Cristina K. Daniel
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Philip J. Kingsley
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Surajit Banerjee
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Northeastern
Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Departments
of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, A.B. Hancock Memorial
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 850 RRB, 2220 Pierce Ave., Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Yang HW, Liu GH, Liu YQ, Zhao HC, Yang Z, Zhao CL, Zhang XF, Ye H. Over-expression of microRNA-940 promotes cell proliferation by targeting GSK3β and sFRP1 in human pancreatic carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:593-601. [PMID: 27459115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing study reports that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an essential role in numerous cancers growth, progression and metastasis. Aberrant miR-940 expression has been studied in gastric and breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of miR-940 enhancing proliferation and metastatic ability in human pancreatic carcinoma is far from to know. Real-time PCR was used to quantify miR-940 expression. Luciferase reporter assays here were performed to verify the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and targeting gene relationships, and immunofluorescence assay was applied to observe β-catenin expressed intensity. Bioinformatics analysis together with in vivo and vitro functional analysis indicated the potential targeting genes of miR-940. Specimens from 15 pairs of patients with human pancreatic carcinoma were involoved to confirm the relationship between miR-940 expression and the GSK3β/sFRP1 through real-time PCR and western blot assays. Bioinformatics combined with cell luciferase function researches determined the possible regulation of miR-940 on the 3'-UTR of the GSK3β and sFRP1 genes, resulting in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. Further, miR-940 knockdown significantly recovered GSK3β and sFRP1 expression and relieved Wnt/β-catenin-mediated cell invasion, migration, metastasis and proliferation. The ectopic up-regulation of miR-940 significantly suppressed GSK3β/sFRP1 expression and promoted pancreatic carcinoma proliferation and invasion. Our study suggested mechanistic relationship between miR-940 and Wnt/β-catenin in the development and progression of pancreatic carcinoma through regulation of GSK3β and sFRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Yu-Qiong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Hong-Chao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Xie-Fu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Hua Ye
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. The Division of Cancer Prevention of the National Cancer Institute sponsored the Pancreatic Cancer Chemoprevention Translational Workshop on September 10 to 11, 2015. The goal of the workshop was to obtain information regarding the current state of the science and future scientific areas that should be prioritized for pancreatic cancer prevention research, including early detection and intervention for high-risk precancerous lesions. The workshop addressed the molecular/genetic landscape of pancreatic cancer and precursor lesions, high-risk populations and criteria to identify a high-risk population for potential chemoprevention trials, identification of chemopreventative/immunopreventative agents, and use of potential biomarkers and imaging for assessing short-term efficacy of a preventative agent. The field of chemoprevention for pancreatic cancer is emerging, and this workshop was organized to begin to address these important issues and promote multi-institutional efforts in this area. The meeting participants recommended the development of an National Cancer Institute working group to coordinate efforts, provide a framework, and identify opportunities for chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer.
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Zhang Y, Zhu X, Huang T, Chen L, Liu Y, Li Q, Song J, Ma S, Zhang K, Yang B, Guan F. β-Carotene synergistically enhances the anti-tumor effect of 5-fluorouracil on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2016; 261:49-58. [PMID: 27586268 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that β-carotene exhibited anticancer activity against human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro. In the present study, we examined a novel therapeutic strategy by combining β-carotene with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human esophageal cancer in vitro and in vivo, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. We found that the combination of 5-FU and β-carotene displayed greater growth inhibitory effects than did either compound alone in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. In addition, the combination of 5-FU and β-carotene displayed greater tumor growth inhibition in an Eca109 xenograft mouse model than did a single agent with low systemic toxicity. β-Carotene enhanced 5-FU-induced apoptosis. TUNEL staining revealed that the rate of TUNEL-positive cells was markedly increased in tumor tissues after treatment with 5-FU and β-carotene. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and PCNA and the up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 in tumor tissues. Further studies demonstrated that the combined administration of 5-FU and β-carotene significantly down-regulated the protein levels of Cav-1, p-AKT, p-NF-κB, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K in Eca109 cells more effectively than did 5-FU alone. These data suggested that the combined therapy of 5-FU and β-carotene exerted synergistic antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro and could constitute a novel therapeutic treatment for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiangzhan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Tuanjie Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jishi Song
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Fangxia Guan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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Protective Effects of Dracocephalum heterophyllum in ConA-Induced Acute Hepatitis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:2684321. [PMID: 27524863 PMCID: PMC4976189 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2684321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dracocephalum heterophyllum (DH) is a Chinese herbal medicine used in treating hepatitis. However, the protective effects and pharmacological mechanisms of DH in hepatitis are unknown. In this study, we found that pretreatment with DH extract significantly ameliorated liver injury and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in Concanavalin A- (ConA-) induced hepatitis (CIH). DH recruited more CD11b+ Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to the liver and suppressed infiltration of macrophages (Kupffer cells) in the liver. The present work explores DH as an effective hepatoprotective medicine to inhibit inflammation and liver injury caused by hepatitis.
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Abstract
The genetic landscape of pancreatic cancer shows nearly ubiquitous mutations of K-RAS. However, oncogenic K-Rasmt alone is not sufficient to lead to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in either human or in genetically modified adult mouse models. Many stimulants, such as high fat diet, CCK, LPS, PGE2 and others, have physiological effects at low concentrations that are mediated in part through modest increases in K-Ras activity. However, at high concentrations, they induce inflammation that, in the presence of oncogenic K-Ras expression, substantially accelerates PDAC formation. The mechanism involves increased activity of oncogenic K-Rasmt. Unlike what has been proposed in the standard paradigm for the role of Ras in oncogenesis, oncogenic K-Rasmt is now known to not be constitutively active. Rather, it can be activated by standard mechanisms similar to wild-type K-Ras, but its activity is sustained for a prolonged period. Furthermore, if the level of K-Ras activity exceeds a threshold at which it begins to generate its own activators, then a feed-forward loop is formed between K-Ras activity and inflammation and pathological processes including oncogenesis are initiated. Oncogenic K-Rasmt activation, a key event in PDAC initiation and development, is subject to complex regulatory mechanisms. Reagents which inhibit inflammation, such as the Cox2 inhibitor celecoxib, block the feed-forward loop and prevent induction of PDAC in models with endogenous oncogenic K-Rasmt. Increased understanding of the role of activating and inhibitory mechanisms on oncogenic K-Rasmt activity is of paramount importance for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies to fight against this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D Logsdon
- 1. Department of GI Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA; 2. Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiqin Lu
- 1. Department of GI Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX 77030, USA
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Diet and Pancreatic Cancer Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2309-17. [PMID: 26610570 PMCID: PMC4695892 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is without any doubt the malignancy with the poorest prognosis and the lowest survival rate. This highly aggressive disease is rarely diagnosed at an early stage and difficult to treat due to its resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to clarify the causes responsible for pancreatic cancer and to identify preventive strategies to reduce its incidence in the population. Some circumstances, such as smoking habits, being overweight and diabetes, have been identified as potentially predisposing factors to pancreatic cancer, suggesting that diet might play a role. A diet low in fat and sugars, together with a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, weight reduction and not smoking, may contribute to prevent pancreatic cancer and many other cancer types. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that some food may have chemo preventive properties. Indeed, a high dietary intake of fresh fruit and vegetables has been shown to reduce the risk of developing pancreatic cancer, and recent epidemiological studies have associated nut consumption with a protective effect against it. Therefore, diet could have an impact on the development of pancreatic cancer and further investigations are needed to assess the potential chemo preventive role of specific foods against this disease. This review summarizes the key evidence for the role of dietary habits and their effect on pancreatic cancer and focuses on possible mechanisms for the association between diet and risk of pancreatic cancer.
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Springett GM, Husain K, Neuger A, Centeno B, Chen DT, Hutchinson TZ, Lush RM, Sebti S, Malafa MP. A Phase I Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Presurgical Trial of Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Neoplasia. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1987-95. [PMID: 26844278 PMCID: PMC4703733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol (VEDT), a natural vitamin E from plants, has shown anti-neoplastic and chemoprevention activity in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Here, we investigated VEDT in patients with pancreatic ductal neoplasia in a window-of-opportunity preoperative clinical trial to assess its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and apoptotic activity. Methods Patients received oral VEDT at escalating doses (from 200 to 3200 mg) daily for 13 days before surgery and one dose on the day of surgery. Dose escalation followed a three-plus-three trial design. Our primary endpoints were safety, VEDT pharmacokinetics, and monitoring of VEDT-induced neoplastic cell apoptosis (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00985777). Findings In 25 treated patients, no dose-limiting toxicity was encountered; thus no maximum-tolerated dose was reached. One patient had a drug-related adverse event (diarrhea) at a 3200-mg daily dose level. The effective half-life of VEDT was ~ 4 h. VEDT concentrations in plasma and exposure profiles were quite variable but reached levels that are bioactive in preclinical models. Biological activity, defined as significant induction of apoptosis in neoplastic cells as measured by increased cleaved caspase-3 levels, was seen in the majority of patients at the 400-mg to 1600-mg daily dose levels. Interpretation VEDT from 200 to 1600 mg daily taken orally for 2 weeks before pancreatic surgery was well tolerated, reached bioactive levels in blood, and significantly induced apoptosis in the neoplastic cells of patients with pancreatic ductal neoplasia. These promising results warrant further clinical investigation of VEDT for chemoprevention and/or therapy of pancreatic cancer. Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol is the bioactive form of one of the natural vitamin E with activity against cancer cells Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol is safe in patients up to 3200 mg Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol selectively kills pancreatic tumor cells when compared with normal cells at 400, 600, and 800 mg/day The biomarker effect of vitamin E δ-tocotrienol suggest significant anticancer activity in patients, justifying further study
Vitamin E has been an intriguing vitamin to humans for its potential to promote human health. However, large-scale research with vitamin E to prevent cancer has had mixed results. Because recent laboratory studies have shown that the form of vitamin E used in previous interventions to reduce cancer risk have not been the active tocotrienol form of vitamin E, there is a question as to whether the lack of vitamin activity is due to the use of inactive forms of vitamin E in clinical trials. Based on our laboratory data, which showed that the vitamin E δ-tocotrienol (VEDT) form of vitamin E was active against pancreatic cancer, we tested the ability of VEDT to kill pancreatic tumor cells in patients using a window-of-opportunity design, with measurement of apoptosis as an intermediate endpoint. We found that VEDT was well tolerated at up to 3200 mg when taken for 2 weeks before surgery. We also found that, at doses of 400 to 800 mg, VEDT selectively killed pancreatic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazim Husain
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Saïd Sebti
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Rao CV, Janakiram NB, Madka V, Devarkonda V, Brewer M, Biddick L, Lightfoot S, Steele VE, Mohammed A. Simultaneous targeting of 5-LOX-COX and EGFR blocks progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:33290-305. [PMID: 26429877 PMCID: PMC4741766 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGRF) are over-expressed in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, we show significant increase in COX-2, 5-LOX, and EGFR expression during PDAC progression. Targeting complementary pathways will achieve better treatment efficacy than a single agent high-dose strategy that could increase risk of side effects and tumor resistance. To target COX-2, 5-LOX, and EGFR simultaneously, we tested effects of licofelone (dual 5-LOX-COX inhibitor), and gefitinib (EGFR inhibitor), individually and in combination, on pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs) and their progression to PDAC using genetically engineered mice. Individually, licofelone (L) and gefitinib (G) significantly inhibited incidence of PDAC in male (72% L, 90% G, p < 0.0001) and female (90% L, 85% G, p < 0.0001) mice. The combination drug treatment produced complete inhibition of PDAC in both genders. Pancreata of mice receiving combination treatment showed significantly fewer Dclk1-positive cancer stem-like cells, inhibition of COX-2, 5-LOX, PCNA, EGFR and β-catenin expression (p < 0.05-0.0002), increased p21 expression. Significant changes in tumor immune responses and desmoplastic reaction was observed by NGS analysis in combination treatment (p < 0.05). In summary, early simultaneous targeting of 5-LOX-COX- and EGFR pathways may provide additive inhibitory effects leading to complete suppression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Naveena B. Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vishal Devarkonda
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Misty Brewer
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Laura Biddick
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stan Lightfoot
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vernon E. Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Mahmood K, Zia KM, Zuber M, Salman M, Anjum MN. Recent developments in curcumin and curcumin based polymeric materials for biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:877-90. [PMID: 26391597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a popular Indian spice that has been used for centuries in herbal medicines for the treatment of a variety of ailments such as rheumatism, diabetic ulcers, anorexia, cough and sinusitis. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the main curcuminoid present in turmeric and responsible for its yellow color. Curcumin has been shown to possess significant anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic, anticoagulant and anti-infective effects. This review summarizes and discusses recently published papers on the key biomedical applications of curcumin based materials. The highlighted studies in the review provide evidence of the ability of curcumin to show the significant vitro antioxidant, diabetic complication, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-cancer activities and detection of hypochlorous acid, wound healing, treatment of major depression, healing of paracentesis, and treatment of carcinoma and optical detection of pyrrole properties. Hydrophobic nature of this polyphenolic compound along with its rapid metabolism, physicochemical and biological instability contribute to its poor bioavailability. To redress these problems several approaches have been proposed like encapsulation of curcumin in liposomes and polymeric micelles, inclusion complex formation with cyclodextrin, formation of polymer-curcumin conjugates, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Mahmood
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad Zuber
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Salman
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Yue W, Zheng X, Lin Y, Yang CS, Xu Q, Carpizo D, Huang H, DiPaola RS, Tan XL. Metformin combined with aspirin significantly inhibit pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by suppressing anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-2. Oncotarget 2015; 6:21208-24. [PMID: 26056043 PMCID: PMC4673260 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin and aspirin have been studied extensively as cancer preventive or therapeutic agents. However, the effects of their combination on pancreatic cancer cells have not been investigated. Herein, we evaluated the effects of metformin and aspirin, alone or in combination, on cell viability, migration, and apoptosis as well as the molecular changes in mTOR, STAT3 and apoptotic signaling pathways in PANC-1 and BxPC3 cells. Metformin and aspirin, at relatively low concentrations, demonstrated synergistically inhibitory effects on cell viability. Compared to the untreated control or individual drug, the combination of metformin and aspirin significantly inhibited cell migration and colony formation of both PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells. Metformin combined with aspirin significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR and STAT3, and induced apoptosis as measured by caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. Remarkably, metformin combined with aspirin significantly downregulated the anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-2, and upregulated the pro-apoptotic proteins Bim and Puma, as well as interrupted their interactions. The downregulation of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 was independent of AMPK or STAT3 pathway but partially through mTOR signaling and proteasome degradation. In a PANC-1 xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated that the combination of metformin and aspirin significantly inhibited tumor growth and downregulated the protein expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 in tumors. Taken together, the combination of metformin and aspirin significantly inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by regulating the pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, supporting the continued investigation of this two drug combination as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yue
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xi Zheng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Chung S. Yang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Darren Carpizo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Huarong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Allan H. Conney Laboratory for Anticancer Research, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Robert S. DiPaola
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xiang-Lin Tan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Mohammed A, Janakiram NB, Madka V, Brewer M, Ritchie RL, Lightfoot S, Kumar G, Sadeghi M, Patlolla JMR, Yamada HY, Cruz-Monserrate Z, May R, Houchen CW, Steele VE, Rao CV. Targeting pancreatitis blocks tumor-initiating stem cells and pancreatic cancer progression. Oncotarget 2015; 6:15524-39. [PMID: 25906749 PMCID: PMC4558168 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent development of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMs) for pancreatic cancer (PC) that recapitulates human disease progression has helped to identify new strategies to delay/inhibit PC development. We first found that expression of the pancreatic tumor-initiating/cancer stem cells (CSC) marker DclK1 occurs in early stage PC and in both early and late pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and that it increases as disease progresses in GEM and also in human PC. Genome-wide next generation sequencing of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from GEM mice revealed significantly increased DclK1 along with inflammatory genes. Genetic ablation of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) decreased DclK1 in GEM. Induction of inflammation/pancreatitis with cerulein in GEM mice increased DclK1, and the novel dual COX/5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor licofelone reduced it. Dietary licofelone significantly inhibited the incidence of PDAC and carcinoma in situ with significant inhibition of pancreatic CSCs. Licofelone suppressed pancreatic tumor COX-2 and 5-LOX activities and modulated miRNAs characteristic of CSC and inflammation in correlation with PDAC inhibition. These results offer a preclinical proof of concept to target the inflammation initiation to inhibit cancer stem cells early for improving the treatment of pancreatic cancers, with immediate clinical implications for repositioning dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors in human trials for high risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Naveena B. Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Misty Brewer
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rebekah L. Ritchie
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stan Lightfoot
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael Sadeghi
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jagan Mohan R. Patlolla
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hiroshi Y. Yamada
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randal May
- Digestive Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Courtney W. Houchen
- Digestive Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vernon E. Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemoprevention Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Jansen RJ, Tan XL, Petersen GM. Gene-by-Environment Interactions in Pancreatic Cancer: Implications for Prevention. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 88:115-26. [PMID: 26029010 PMCID: PMC4445433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has been estimated to have higher incidence and correspondingly higher mortality rates in more developed regions worldwide. Overall, the age-adjusted incidence rate is 4.9/10(5) and age-adjusted mortality rate is at 4.8/10(5). We review here our current knowledge of modifiable risk factors (cigarette smoking, obesity, diet, and alcohol) for PC, genetic variants implicated by genome-wide association studies, possible genetic interactions with risk factors, and prevention strategies to provide future research directions that may further our understanding of this complex disease. Cigarette smoking is consistently associated with a two-fold increased PC risk. PC associations with dietary intake have been largely inconsistent, with the potential exception of certain unsaturated fatty acids decreasing risk and well-done red meat or meat mutagens increasing risk. There is strong evidence to support that obesity (and related measures) increase risk of PC. Only the heaviest alcohol drinkers seem to be at an increased risk of PC. Currently, key prevention strategies include avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Screening technologies and PC chemoprevention are likely to become more sophisticated, but may only apply to those at high risk. Risk stratification may be improved by taking into account gene environment interactions. Research on these modifiable risk factors is key to reducing the incidence of PC and understanding who in the population can be considered high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick J. Jansen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Rick Jansen, PhD, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago Biological Sciences, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Rm N101D, MC2000, Chicago, IL 60637;
| | - Xiang-Lin Tan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Gloria M. Petersen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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The multifaceted role of curcumin in cancer prevention and treatment. Molecules 2015; 20:2728-69. [PMID: 25665066 PMCID: PMC6272781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in treatment modalities over the last decade, neither the incidence of the disease nor the mortality due to cancer has altered in the last thirty years. Available anti-cancer drugs exhibit limited efficacy, associated with severe side effects, and are also expensive. Thus identification of pharmacological agents that do not have these disadvantages is required. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric (Curcumin longa), is one such agent that has been extensively studied over the last three to four decades for its potential anti-inflammatory and/or anti-cancer effects. Curcumin has been found to suppress initiation, progression, and metastasis of a variety of tumors. These anti-cancer effects are predominantly mediated through its negative regulation of various transcription factors, growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinases, and other oncogenic molecules. It also abrogates proliferation of cancer cells by arresting them at different phases of the cell cycle and/or by inducing their apoptosis. The current review focuses on the diverse molecular targets modulated by curcumin that contribute to its efficacy against various human cancers.
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Leal-Lopes C, Velloso FJ, Campopiano JC, Sogayar MC, Correa RG. Roles of Commensal Microbiota in Pancreas Homeostasis and Pancreatic Pathologies. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:284680. [PMID: 26347203 PMCID: PMC4544440 DOI: 10.1155/2015/284680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreas plays a central role in metabolism, allowing ingested food to be converted and used as fuel by the cells throughout the body. On the other hand, the pancreas may be affected by devastating diseases, such as pancreatitis, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC), and diabetes mellitus (DM), which generally results in a wide metabolic imbalance. The causes for the development and progression of these diseases are still controversial; therefore it is essential to better understand the underlying mechanisms which compromise the pancreatic homeostasis. The interest in the study of the commensal microbiome increased extensively in recent years, when many discoveries have illustrated its central role in both human physiology and maintenance of homeostasis. Further understanding of the involvement of the microbiome during the development of pathological conditions is critical for the improvement of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In the present review, we discuss recent findings on the behavior and functions played by the microbiota in major pancreatic diseases and provide further insights into its potential roles in the maintenance of pancreatic steady-state activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Leal-Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05360-130 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando J. Velloso
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05360-130 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia C. Campopiano
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05360-130 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mari C. Sogayar
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05360-130 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo G. Correa
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- *Ricardo G. Correa:
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