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Gu C, Yin Y, Sun Y, Liu J, Li X, Zhang X. Exploring the mechanism of lung injury induced by lunar dust simulant in rats based on metabolomic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:184-198. [PMID: 37681755 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory response and oxidative stress are considered to be important mechanisms of lung injury induced by lunar dust. However, the pulmonary toxicological mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, Wistar rats were exposed to CLDS-i 7 days/week, 4 h/day, for 4 weeks in the mouth and nose. Lung tissue samples were collected for histopathological analysis and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Enzyme activities and expression levels of key metabolic enzymes were detected by biochemical analysis and real-time PCR. The pathological features of lung tissue showed that CLDS-i caused congestion and inflammation in the lungs, and the lung structure was severely damaged. Metabolomics analysis showed that 141 metabolites were significantly changed in the lung tissue of the CLDS-i group compared with the control group. Combined with Kegg pathway analysis, it was found that the changes of amino acid metabolites were involved in these pathways, indicating that the simulated lunar dust exposure had the most obvious effect on amino acid metabolism in the lung tissue of rats. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of six key enzymes related to amino acid metabolism was changed, and the enzyme activities of these key enzymes were also changed, which were consistent with the results of qPCR. These results suggest that changes in amino acid metabolism may be closely related to the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by lunar dust, and amino acid metabolism may be a potential biomarker of lung diseases related to lunar dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhang Yin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiongyao Li
- Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
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Coates MD, Dalessio S, Walter V, Stuart A, Bernasko N, Tinsley A, Razeghi S, Williams ED, Clarke K, Vrana K. Symptoms and Extraintestinal Manifestations in Active Cannabis Users with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7:445-450. [PMID: 33998892 PMCID: PMC9418352 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis use is common in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients frequently use cannabis to treat IBD-associated symptoms, and there is evidence that cannabis and its derivatives are helpful for this purpose. However, it is unclear how the symptom profiles of active IBD cannabis users and nonusers compare and how these symptoms may relate to their underlying disease state and/or complications. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using a consented IBD natural history registry from a single tertiary care referral center between January 1, 2015 and August 31, 2020. We asked patients about current cannabis use and frequency. We also abstracted demographic and clinical characteristic information, including endoscopic severity, and totals and subscores of surveys assessing IBD characteristics, presence of anxiety/depression, and IBD-associated symptoms. We compared clinical and demographic factors of cannabis users and nonusers and developed a logistic regression model to evaluate for independent associations with cannabis use. Results: Three hundred eighty-three IBD patients met the inclusion criteria (206 females, 177 males; 258 Crohn's disease [CD], 118 ulcerative colitis, and 7 indeterminate colitis). Thirty patients (7.8%) were active cannabis users, consuming it for an average of 2.7 times per week. Cannabis users were more likely to report abdominal pain (83.3% vs. 61.7%), gas (66.7% vs. 45.6%), tenesmus (70.0% vs. 47.6%), and arthralgias (53.3% vs. 20.3%) compared to those that did not use cannabis (p<0.05 for each). Incidence of moderate-severe endoscopic inflammation was similar between cannabis users and nonusers, while CD-associated complications were more common in nonusers (39.1% vs. 69.7%, p<0.05). The only factor that demonstrated a significant association with cannabis use on multivariable analysis was arthralgia (p<0.01). Discussion: Active IBD cannabis users were more likely to report a variety of symptoms, including abdominal pain, gas, tenesmus, and arthralgias. However, they did not demonstrate more frequent active disease or IBD-associated complications, suggesting that other nonluminal factors influence their symptoms and/or decision to use cannabis. These findings demonstrate the importance of evaluating for extraintestinal contributors to symptom burden in IBD cannabis users, as well as the ongoing need to develop safer and more effective methods for recognizing and managing abdominal pain and other symptoms in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Coates
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon Dalessio
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - August Stuart
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nana Bernasko
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Tinsley
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanam Razeghi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emmanuelle D. Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kofi Clarke
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kent Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hryhorowicz S, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Zielińska A, Scott RJ, Słomski R, Pławski A. Endocannabinoid System as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790803. [PMID: 35003109 PMCID: PMC8727741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a general term used to describe a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown etiology, including two primary forms: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in modulating many physiological processes including intestinal homeostasis, modulation of gastrointestinal motility, visceral sensation, or immunomodulation of inflammation in IBD. It consists of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), transporters for cellular uptake of endocannabinoid ligands, endogenous bioactive lipids (Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), and the enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation (fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase), the manipulation of which through agonists and antagonists of the system, shows a potential therapeutic role for ECS in inflammatory bowel disease. This review summarizes the role of ECS components on intestinal inflammation, suggesting the advantages of cannabinoid-based therapies in inflammatory bowel disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
- Crohn Disease/drug therapy
- Crohn Disease/immunology
- Crohn Disease/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Endocannabinoids/agonists
- Endocannabinoids/antagonists & inhibitors
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects
- Humans
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rodney J. Scott
- Discipline of Medical Genetics and Centre for Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, New South Wales Health Pathology North, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryszard Słomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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4
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Wang X, Xing M, Zhang Z, Deng L, Han Y, Wang C, Fan R. Using UPLC-QTOF/MS and multivariate analysis to explore the mechanism of Bletilla Striata improving PM 2.5-induced lung impairment. Anal Biochem 2021; 631:114310. [PMID: 34280371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is closely related to lung diseases and has become more and more harmful to public health. The traditional Chinese medicine of Bletilla Striata has the effect of clearing and nourishing the lungs in clinics. The purpose of the study is using metabolomics methods to explore the mechanism of PM2.5-induced lung injury and Bletilla Striata's therapeutic effect. In this article, we used an Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method to identify the potential biomarkers. The results showed that there were 18 differential metabolites in the plasma and urine of rats with PM2.5-induced lung injury, involving the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway, the tryptophan metabolism pathway, and the purine metabolism pathway, etc. After the administration, Bletilla Striata changed the levels of 21 metabolites, and partly corrected the changes in the level of metabolites caused by PM2.5. The results indicated that Bletilla Striata could exert a good therapeutic effect by reversing the levels of some biomarkers in the rats with PM2.5-induced lung impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Department of Health Inspection, College of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 11034, China
| | - Meiqi Xing
- Department of Health Inspection, College of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 11034, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Health Inspection, College of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 11034, China
| | - Lili Deng
- Department of Health Inspection, College of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 11034, China
| | - Yumo Han
- Department of Health Inspection, College of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 11034, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Health Inspection, College of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 11034, China
| | - Ronghua Fan
- Department of Health Inspection, College of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 11034, China.
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5
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Cannabis Use in Patients Presenting to a Gastroenterology Clinic: Associations with Symptoms, Endoscopy Findings, and Esophageal Manometry. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recreational cannabis use is increasing with its legalization in many states. Animal studies suggest cannabis can reduce transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRS), reflux and vomiting, while human studies report conflicting findings. There are currently no large studies investigating gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic cannabis use. This was a retrospective case-control study including patients who presented to an outpatient Gastroenterology office, with documented cannabis use. Their main presenting complaint, demographics, frequency and duration of cannabis use, endoscopic and high-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) with impedance findings were recorded. Cannabis users were more likely to complain of abdominal pain (25% vs. 8%, p < 0.0001), heartburn (15% vs. 9%, p < 0.0001), and nausea & vomiting (7% vs. 1%, p < 0.0001). They were also more likely to have findings of esophagitis (8% vs. 3%, p = 0.0002), non-erosive gastritis (30% vs. 15%, p = 0.0001) and erosive gastritis (14% vs. 3%, p < 0.0001) on upper endoscopy. Cannabis users were more likely to have impaired esophageal bolus clearance (43% vs. 17%, p = 0.04) and a hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (29% vs. 7%, p = 0.04). This study is the largest to date evaluating GI complaints of patients with chronic recreational cannabis use. Our results suggest that cannabis use may potentiate or fail to alleviate a variety of GI symptoms which goes against current knowledge.
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Zhao C, Niu M, Song S, Li J, Su Z, Wang Y, Gao Q, Wang H. Serum metabolomics analysis of mice that received repeated airway exposure to a water-soluble PM2.5 extract. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:102-109. [PMID: 30384157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutant exposure negatively affects human health; however, the molecular mechanisms causing disease remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of respiratory particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on the serum metabolome and to identify biomarkers for risk assessment of PM2.5 exposure. METHODS PM2.5 from Nanjing, China, was collected, and its water-soluble extract was subjected to component analysis. BALB/c mice received acute or prolonged exposure to insoluble PM2.5 particles or its water-soluble extract, and lung tissue was submitted to histopathological analyses. Serum samples were collected pre- and post-PM2.5 exposure and analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS Component analysis revealed that metals and inorganic ions were the most abundant components in the soluble PM2.5 samples. Acute exposure to insoluble PM2.5 particles and prolonged exposure to the water-soluble PM2.5 extract both induced severe lung injury, and the lung histopathological scores were significantly associated with PM2.5 exposure. Metabolomics analysis showed that prolonged exposure to the water-soluble PM2.5 extract was associated with statistically significant metabolite changes; the serum concentrations of 30 known metabolites, including metabolites of phospholipids, amino acids and sphingolipids, differed significantly between the control and PM2.5 exposure group. Pathway analysis identified an association of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and the phospholipase metabolism pathway with PM2.5 exposure. The most influential metabolites for discriminating between the PM2.5-exposure group serum and the control serum were LysoPE, LysoPC, LGPC, citric acid, PAF C-18, NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta-Cer, Lyso-PAF C-16, ganglioside GA2, 1-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, PC and L-tryptophan. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory exposure to water-soluble PM2.5 extract has developmental consequences affecting not only the respiratory system but also metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mengyuan Niu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhonglan Su
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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7
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Lin JC, Wu JQ, Wang F, Tang FY, Sun J, Xu B, Jiang M, Chu Y, Chen D, Li X, Su S, Zhang Y, Wu N, Yang S, Wu K, Liang J. QingBai decoction regulates intestinal permeability of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis through the modulation of notch and NF-κB signalling. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12547. [PMID: 30657238 PMCID: PMC6496276 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chinese Herb QingBai decoction (QBD) has been approved affective in the treatment of IBD patients in clinic. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We aim to investigate the effect of QBD on the mouse model of ulcerative colitis and its possible mechanism. METHODS C57/bL mice were given 5% DSS to induce colitis and were divided as QBD and mesalazine group. Weight, faeces and mental status were recorded each day and the histopathological changes (goblet cells etc) of the colon were observed after sacrificed. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4000 was measured to reflect the intestinal mucosal permeability. In addition, cell junction-related proteins and possible signal pathways were investigated. RESULTS QingBai decoction could significantly alleviate the inflammation and the protection effect of colitis is comparable as those in mesalazine enema group. It was found that the permeability reduced significantly with QBD treatment vs the control group, while no significant difference between the mesalazine and QBD groups. QBD treatment could upregulate the expression of tight junction complex(ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin)and muc-2 expression. It significantly reduced the production and secretion of serials proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, Kc and TNF-α) compared with the control group. Meanwhile, NF-κB and Notch pathways were regulated. CONCLUSION QingBai decoction can effectively alleviate intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier function in colitis mice, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory cascade as well as enhanced mucus layer barrier and mechanical barrier function by NF-κB and Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chao Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng-Ying Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzuo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, NO. 307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoqi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Zhou J, Noori H, Burkovskiy I, Lafreniere JD, Kelly MEM, Lehmann C. Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System Following Central Nervous System Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E388. [PMID: 30658442 PMCID: PMC6359397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injury, such as stroke or trauma, is known to increase susceptibility to various infections that adversely affect patient outcomes (CNS injury-induced immunodepression-CIDS). The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been shown to have immunoregulatory properties. Therefore, the ECS might represent a druggable target to overcome CIDS. Evidence suggests that cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB₂R) activation can be protective during the early pro-inflammatory phase after CNS injury, as it limits neuro-inflammation and, therefore, attenuates CIDS severity. In the later phase post CNS injury, CB₂R inhibition is suggested as a promising pharmacologic strategy to restore immune function in order to prevent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Haneen Noori
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Ian Burkovskiy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - J Daniel Lafreniere
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Melanie E M Kelly
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Lafreniere J, Kelly M. Potential for endocannabinoid system modulation in ocular pain and inflammation: filling the gaps in current pharmacological options. Neuronal Signal 2018; 2:NS20170144. [PMID: 32714590 PMCID: PMC7373237 DOI: 10.1042/ns20170144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Challenges in the management of ocular pain are an underappreciated topic. Currently available therapeutics lack both efficacy and clear guidelines for their use, with many also possessing unacceptable side effects. Promising novel agents would offer analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and possibly neuroprotective actions; have favorable ocular safety profiles; and show potential in managing neuropathic pain. Growing evidence supports a link between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and a range of physiological and disease processes, notably those involving inflammation and pain. Both preclinical and clinical data suggest analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of cannabinoids and ECS-modifying drugs in chronic pain conditions, including those of neuropathic origin. This review will examine existing evidence for the anatomical and physiological basis of ocular pain, specifically, ocular surface disease and the development of chronic ocular pain. The mechanism of action, efficacy, and limitations of currently available treatments will be discussed, and current knowledge related to ECS-modulation of ocular pain and inflammatory disease will be summarized. A perspective will be provided on the future directions of ECS research in terms of developing cannabinoid therapeutics for ocular pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie E.M. Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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10
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Parameters of the Endocannabinoid System as Novel Biomarkers in Sepsis and Septic Shock. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7040055. [PMID: 29104224 PMCID: PMC5746735 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis represents a dysregulated immune response to infection, with a continuum of severity progressing to septic shock. This dysregulated response generally follows a pattern by which an initial hyperinflammatory phase is followed by a state of sepsis-associated immunosuppression. Major challenges in improving sepsis care include developing strategies to ensure early and accurate identification and diagnosis of the disease process, improving our ability to predict outcomes and stratify patients, and the need for novel sepsis-specific treatments such as immunomodulation. Biomarkers offer promise with all three of these challenges and are likely also to be the solution to determining a patient’s immune status; something that is critical in guiding effective and safe immunomodulatory therapy. Currently available biomarkers used in sepsis lack sensitivity and specificity, among other significant shortcomings. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an emerging topic of research with evidence suggesting a ubiquitous presence on both central and peripheral tissues, including an intrinsic link with immune function. This review will first discuss the state of sepsis biomarkers and lack of available treatments, followed by an introduction to the ECS and a discussion of its potential to provide novel biomarkers and treatments.
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Abstract
The trend toward decriminalization of cannabis (marijuana) continues sweeping across the United States. Colorado has been a leader of legalization of medical and recreational cannabis use. The growing public interest in the medicinal properties of cannabis and its use by patients with a variety of illnesses including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) makes it important for pediatric gastroenterologists to understand this movement and its potential effect on patients. This article describes the path to legalization and "medicalization" of cannabis in Colorado and the public perception of safety despite the known adverse health effects of use. We delineate the mammalian endocannabinoid system and our experience of caring for children and adolescents with IBD in an environment of increasing awareness and acceptance of its use. We then summarize the rationale for considering that cannabis may have beneficial and harmful effects for patients with IBD. Finally, we highlight the challenges federal laws impose on conducting research on cannabis in IBD. The intent of this article is to inform health care providers about the issues around cannabis use and research in adolescents and young adults with IBD.
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Ahmed W, Katz S. Therapeutic Use of Cannabis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2016; 12:668-679. [PMID: 28035196 PMCID: PMC5193087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The marijuana plant Cannabis sativa and its derivatives, cannabinoids, have grown increasingly popular as a potential therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Studies have shown that modulation of the endocannabinoid system, which regulates various functions in the body and has been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD, has a therapeutic effect in mouse colitis. Epidemiologic data and human therapy studies reveal a possible role for cannabinoids in the symptomatic treatment of IBD, although it has yet to be determined in human populations whether cannabinoids have therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects in IBD or are simply masking its many debilitating symptoms. Large, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials using serial inflammatory markers, biopsy findings, and endoscopic disease severity to demonstrate objective improvement in IBD are necessary before cannabis can be empirically accepted and recommended as an IBD treatment option. Questions concerning its safety profile and adverse effects prompt the need for further research, particularly in regard to dosing and route of administration to maximize benefits and limit potential harms. Cannabis use should be reserved for symptomatic control in patients with severe IBD refractory to the currently available standard-of-care and complementary and alternative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ahmed
- Dr Ahmed is an internal medicine resident at the New York University Medical Center in New York, New York. Dr Katz is a clinical professor in the Division of Gastroenterology at the New York University Medical Center and an associate director of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program at the Tisch Hospital and Ambulatory Care Center in New York, New York
| | - Seymour Katz
- Dr Ahmed is an internal medicine resident at the New York University Medical Center in New York, New York. Dr Katz is a clinical professor in the Division of Gastroenterology at the New York University Medical Center and an associate director of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program at the Tisch Hospital and Ambulatory Care Center in New York, New York
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