1
|
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of over-the-counter probiotics to promote health has grown rapidly worldwide and become an independent industry. In medicine, various studies have demonstrated that probiotics can help improve the immune system and intestinal health. They are usually safe, but in some rare cases, they may cause concerning adverse reactions. Although the use of probiotics has been widely popularized in the public, the results of many probiotic clinical trials are contradictory. Particularly in cancer patients, the feasibility of probiotic management providing benefits by targeting cancer and lessening anticancer side effects requires further investigation. This review summarizes the interactions between probiotics and the host as well as current knowledge on the pros and cons of utilizing probiotics in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanwu Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Varian BJ, Poutahidis T, Haner G, Hardas A, Lau V, Erdman SE. Consuming cholera toxin counteracts age-associated obesity. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5497-5509. [PMID: 31565184 PMCID: PMC6756858 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past forty years there has been an inexplicable increase in chronic inflammatory disorders, including obesity. One theory, the ‘hygiene hypothesis’, involves dysregulated immunity arising after too few beneficial early life microbe exposures. Indeed, earlier studies have shown that gut microbe-immune interactions contribute to smoldering inflammation, adiposity, and weight gain. Here we tested a safe and well-established microbe-based immune adjuvant to restore immune homeostasis and counteract inflammation-associated obesity in animal models. We found that consuming Vibrio cholerae exotoxin subunit B (ctB) was sufficient to inhibit age-associated obesogenic outcomes in wild type mice, including reduced crown-like structures (CLS) and granulomatous necrosis histopathology in fat depots. Administration of cholera toxin reduced weight gain irrespective of age during administration; however, exposure during youth imparted greater slenderizing effects when compared with animals receiving ctB for the first time during adulthood. Beneficial effects were transplantable to other obesity-prone animals using immune cells alone, demonstrating an immune-mediated mechanism. Taken together, we concluded that oral vaccination with cholera toxin B helps stimulate health-protective immune responses that counteract age-associated obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Varian
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.,Department of infectious Diseases and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Gordon Haner
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Alex Hardas
- Department of infectious Diseases and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Vanessa Lau
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Susan E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diosgenin promotes antitumor immunity and PD-1 antibody efficacy against melanoma by regulating intestinal microbiota. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1039. [PMID: 30305604 PMCID: PMC6179990 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin, a natural steroidal saponin, can exert antitumor effect by regulating immune function and improving intestinal microbiota. The response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is associated with intestinal microbiota and effector T cells in tumor microenvironment. We hypothesize that the modulation of diosgenin on intestinal microbiota can facilitate antitumor immunity and the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 antibody. In melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice, we observed that the anti-melanoma effect of diosgenin relied more on antitumor immunity than direct tumor inhibition activity evidenced by obvious CD4+/CD8+ T-cell infiltration and IFN-γ expression in tumor tissues, and it could improve the compositions of intestinal microbiota. Antibiotics impaired the therapeutic efficacy and immunity responses of diosgenin through disturbing intestinal microbiota, indicating the importance of intestinal microbiota in diosgenin’s in vivo antitumor activity. More importantly, the combined administration of PD-1 antibody with diosgenin aggravated the tumor necrosis and apoptosis by eliciting augmented T-cell responses. Taken together, diosgenin can be used as a microecological regulator to induce antitumor immunity and improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint antibody, making it more suitable for the treatment of malignant tumors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sarkar A, Harty S, Lehto SM, Moeller AH, Dinan TG, Dunbar RIM, Cryan JF, Burnet PWJ. The Microbiome in Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:611-636. [PMID: 29907531 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychology and microbiology make unlikely friends, but the past decade has witnessed striking bidirectional associations between intrinsic gut microbes and the brain, relationships with largely untested psychological implications. Although microbe-brain relationships are receiving a great deal of attention in biomedicine and neuroscience, psychologists have yet to join this journey. Here, we illustrate microbial associations with emotion, cognition, and social behavior. However, despite considerable enthusiasm and potential, technical and conceptual limitations including low statistical power and lack of mechanistic descriptions prevent a nuanced understanding of microbiome-brain-behavior relationships. Our goal is to describe microbial effects in domains of cognitive significance and the associated challenges to stimulate interdisciplinary research on the contribution of this hidden kingdom to psychological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Sarkar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Trinity College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Siobhán Harty
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine / Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andrew H Moeller
- Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Robin I M Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu W, Kuang F, Lu Z, Zhang N, Chen T. Killing Effects of an Isolated Serratia marcescens KH-001 on Diaphorina citri via Lowering the Endosymbiont Numbers. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:860. [PMID: 29765368 PMCID: PMC5938409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating citrus disease worldwide, and suppression of the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) is regarded as an effective method to inhibit the spread of HLB. In this study, we isolated a strain named as Serratia marcescens KH-001 from D. citri nymphs suffering from disease, and evaluated its killing effect on D. citri via toxicity test and effect on microbial community in D. citri using high-throughput sequencing. Our results indicated that S. marcescens KH-001 could effectively kill 83% of D. citri nymphs, while the fermentation products of S. marcescens KH-001 only killed 40% of the D. citrinymphs. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that the S. marcescens KH-001 increased the OTU numbers from 62.5 (PBS buffer) to 81.5, while significantly lowered the Shannon index compared with Escherichia coli DH5α (group E) (p < 0.05). OTU analysis showed that the S. marcescens KH-001 had significantly reduced the relative abundance of endosymbionts Wolbachia, Profftella, and Carsonella in group S compared with that in other groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, the direct killing effect of the fermentation products of S. marcescens KH-001 and the indirect effect via reducing the numbers of endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Profftella, and Carsonella) of D. citri endow S. marcescens KH-001 a sound killing effect on D. citri. Further work need to do before this strain is used as a sound biological control agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fan Kuang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Z, Zhang W, Wang B, Zhang F, Shao Y. Influence of Bactrian camel milk on the gut microbiota. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5758-5769. [PMID: 29705422 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bactrian camel milk has become popular in the market as an important source of nutrients with diverse functional effects. In this study, the influence of Bactrian camel milk on the gut microbiota of mice was studied using metagenomic-based sequencing of the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Bioinformatics analysis showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla, accounting for more than 80% of the bacteria present. At the genus level, Allobaculum, Akkermansia, Romboutsia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus were most abundant in the gut microbiota; of these, Allobaculum and Akkermansia were the predominant genera, representing 40.42 and 7.85% of all the bacteria present, respectively. Camel milk was found to reduce relative abundance of Romboutsia, Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, and Desulfovibrio (decreased by 50.88, 34.78, 26.67, and 54.55%, respectively) in the gut microbiota compared with the control. However, some genera such as Allobaculum, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium in the gastrointestinal flora increased in abundance in the presence of camel milk; these genera are correlated with beneficial effects for organisms. Our research suggests that the gut microbiota should be taken into account when conducting functional studies on camel milk, and this work provides a useful foundation for further study on functions of camel milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Bini Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Fuxin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Yuyu Shao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Song X, Zhou H, Zhou X, Xia Y, Dong X, Zhong W, Tang S, Wang L, Wen S, Xiao J, Tang L. Gut Microbiome Associates With Lipid-Lowering Effect of Rosuvastatin in Vivo. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:530. [PMID: 29623075 PMCID: PMC5874287 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Statin has been widely used to treat hyperlipidemia because of its high potency in decreasing cholesterol levels. The present study aimed to examine the lipid-lowering effect of rosuvastatin and the composition, diversity and species abundance of gut microbiome in association with rosuvastatin efficacy. Trial registration: ChiCTR-ORC-17013212 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, November 2, 2017. Results: Totally 64 patients with hyperlipidemia were treated with 10 mg/day of rosuvastatin for 4–8 weeks. Blood lipid indicators triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured before and after the treatment. Stool samples were collected right after the treatment. Following total DNA extraction and PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene, Illumina sequencing was performed for gut microbiome identification, classification and characterization. All the patients showed a significant blood lipid reduction after the treatment. The patients were grouped according to parallel manner design. Group I had 33 patients whose blood lipid levels dropped to the normal levels from week 4, with 58.5% reduction in LDL-C and 26.6% reduction in TC. Group II had 31 patients whose blood lipid levels were still above the normal levels after 8 weeks therapy, but with 41.9% reduction in LDL-C and 31.2% reduction in TC. Based on Operational Taxonomic Unit data, Alpha-diversity by Shannon Index was different between the two groups, and beta-diversity by Principle Component Analysis exhibited separated patterns of the two groups. The differences were also observed in the relative-abundance at phylum, family, and genus levels of the two groups. Linear discriminate analysis illustrated that the abundance of 29 taxa was higher in group I, while the abundance of other 13 taxa was higher in group II. Phyla Firmicutes and Fusobacteria had negative correlation to LDL-C level, but Cyanobacteria and Lentisphaerae had a positive correlation to LDL-C level. Moreover, gender and age were also found somehow correlated to microbial community composition. Conclusion: Rosuvastatin therapy had different blood lipid-lowering effect on hyperlipidemia. The gut microbiota exhibited variation in community composition, diversity and taxa in association to rosuvastatin hypolipidemic effect. These results indicate that modulation of gut microflora, especially the negative/positive correlated species might strengthen statin efficacy in statin-inadequate patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Liu
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaobo Song
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shaoying Tang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shu Wen
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Erdman SE, Poutahidis T. Gut microbiota modulate host immune cells in cancer development and growth. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:28-34. [PMID: 27840315 PMCID: PMC5831246 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that microbe interactions with the host immune system impact diverse aspects of cancer development and treatment. As a result, exciting new opportunities exist for engineering diets and microbe cocktails to lower cancer risks with fewer adverse clinical effects than traditional strategies. Microbe-based therapies may ultimately be used to reinforce host immune balance and extinguish cancer for generations to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miyahira AK, Roychowdhury S, Goswami S, Ippolito JE, Priceman SJ, Pritchard CC, Sfanos KS, Subudhi SK, Simons JW, Pienta KJ, Soule HR. Beyond Seed and Soil: Understanding and Targeting Metastatic Prostate Cancer; Report From the 2016 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy Meeting. Prostate 2017; 77:123-144. [PMID: 27679977 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 2016 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, "Beyond Seed and Soil: Understanding and Targeting Metastatic Prostate Cancer," was held from June 23 to June 26, 2016, in Coronado, California. METHODS For the 4th year in a row, the Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) hosted the CHPCA Meeting, a think tank-structured scientific conference, which focuses on a specific topic of critical unmet need on the biology and treatment of advanced prostate cancer. The 2016 CHPCA Meeting was attended by 71 investigators from prostate cancer and other fields, who discussed the biology, study methodologies, treatment strategies, and critical unmet needs concerning metastatic prostate cancer, with the ultimate goal of advancing strategies to treat and eliminate this disease. RESULTS The major topics of discussion included: the molecular landscape and molecular heterogeneity of metastatic prostate cancer, the role of the metastatic microenvironment, optimizing immunotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer, learning from exceptional responders and non-responders, targeting DNA repair deficiency in advanced prostate cancer, developing and applying novel biomarkers and imaging techniques, and potential roles for the microbiome in prostate cancer. DISCUSSION This article reviews the topics presented and discussions held at the CHPCA Meeting, with a focus on the unknowns and next steps needed to advance our understanding of the biology and most effective treatment strategies for metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate 77:123-144, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameek Roychowdhury
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sangeeta Goswami
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph E Ippolito
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Saul J Priceman
- Departments of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, and Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Colin C Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sumit K Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|