1
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Gyrd-Hansen M, Kajaste-Rudnitski A, Manel N, Rehwinkel J, van der Veen AG, Iannacone M. Advancements in pathogen immunity and signaling. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1322-1325. [PMID: 39009840 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mads Gyrd-Hansen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Kajaste-Rudnitski
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Institut Curie, PSL University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Translational Immune Discovery Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Matteo Iannacone
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Webb MJ, Sangsuwannukul T, van Vloten J, Evgin L, Kendall B, Tonne J, Thompson J, Metko M, Moore M, Chiriboga Yerovi MP, Olin M, Borgatti A, McNiven M, Monga SPS, Borad MJ, Melcher A, Roberts LR, Vile R. Expression of tumor antigens within an oncolytic virus enhances the anti-tumor T cell response. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5442. [PMID: 38937436 PMCID: PMC11211353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Although patients benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy in a broad variety of tumors, resistance may arise from immune suppressive tumor microenvironments (TME), which is particularly true of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since oncolytic viruses (OV) can generate a highly immune-infiltrated, inflammatory TME, OVs could potentially restore ICI responsiveness via recruitment, priming, and activation of anti-tumor T cells. Here we find that on the contrary, an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus, expressing interferon-ß (VSV-IFNß), antagonizes the effect of anti-PD-L1 therapy in a partially anti-PD-L1-responsive model of HCC. Cytometry by Time of Flight shows that VSV-IFNß expands dominant anti-viral effector CD8 T cells with concomitant relative disappearance of anti-tumor T cell populations, which are the target of anti-PD-L1. However, by expressing a range of HCC tumor antigens within VSV, combination OV and anti-PD-L1 therapeutic benefit could be restored. Our data provide a cautionary message for the use of highly immunogenic viruses as tumor-specific immune-therapeutics by showing that dominant anti-viral T cell responses can inhibit sub-dominant anti-tumor T cell responses. However, through encoding tumor antigens within the virus, oncolytic virotherapy can generate anti-tumor T cell populations upon which immune checkpoint blockade can effectively work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason J Webb
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Jacob van Vloten
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Benjamin Kendall
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Muriel Metko
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Madelyn Moore
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | - Michael Olin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Antonella Borgatti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Clinical Investigation Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Mark McNiven
- Mayo Center for Biomedical Discovery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Satdarshan P S Monga
- Pittsburgh Liver Institute, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Alan Melcher
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Joan Reece Department of Immuno-oncology, King's College London, London, UK.
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3
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Aguilar CC, Kalia A, Brisse ME, Dowd KA, Wise-Dent O, Burgomaster KE, Droppo J, Pierson TC, Hickman HD. Subcapsular sinus macrophages maximize germinal center development in non-draining lymph nodes during blood-borne viral infection. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi4926. [PMID: 38457515 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) germinal centers (GCs) are critical sites for B cell activation and differentiation. GCs develop after specialized CD169+ macrophages residing in LN sinuses filter antigens (Ags) from the lymph and relay these Ags into proximal B cell follicles. Many viruses, however, first reach LNs through the blood during viremia (virus in the blood), rather than through lymph drainage from infected tissue. How LNs capture viral Ag from the blood to allow GC development is not known. Here, we followed Zika virus (ZIKV) dissemination in mice and subsequent GC formation in both infected tissue-draining and non-draining LNs. From the footpad, ZIKV initially disseminated through two LN chains, infecting LN macrophages and leading to GC formation. Despite rapid ZIKV viremia, non-draining LNs were not infected for several days. Non-draining LN infection correlated with virus-induced vascular leakage and neutralization of permeability reduced LN macrophage attrition. Depletion of non-draining LN macrophages significantly decreased GC B cells in these nodes. Thus, although LNs inefficiently captured viral Ag directly from the blood, GC formation in non-draining LNs proceeded similarly to draining LNs through LN sinus CD169+ macrophages. Together, our findings reveal a conserved pathway allowing LN macrophages to activate antiviral B cells in LNs distal from infected tissue after blood-borne viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Aguilar
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Kalia
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgan E Brisse
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olivia Wise-Dent
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine E Burgomaster
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanna Droppo
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Arbovirus Immunity Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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4
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Saltukoglu D, Özdemir B, Holtmannspötter M, Reski R, Piehler J, Kurre R, Reth M. Plasma membrane topography governs the 3D dynamic localization of IgM B cell antigen receptor clusters. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112030. [PMID: 36594262 PMCID: PMC9929642 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes recognize bacterial or viral antigens via different classes of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Protrusive structures termed microvilli cover lymphocyte surfaces, and are thought to perform sensory functions in screening antigen-bearing surfaces. Here, we have used lattice light-sheet microscopy in combination with tailored custom-built 4D image analysis to study the cell-surface topography of B cells of the Ramos Burkitt's Lymphoma line and the spatiotemporal organization of the IgM-BCR. Ramos B-cell surfaces were found to form dynamic networks of elevated ridges bridging individual microvilli. A fraction of membrane-localized IgM-BCR was found in clusters, which were mainly associated with the ridges and the microvilli. The dynamic ridge-network organization and the IgM-BCR cluster mobility were linked, and both were controlled by Arp2/3 complex activity. Our results suggest that dynamic topographical features of the cell surface govern the localization and transport of IgM-BCR clusters to facilitate antigen screening by B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Saltukoglu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signaling Research Centers CIBSS and BIOSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Bugra Özdemir
- Signaling Research Centers CIBSS and BIOSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Present address:
Euro‐BioImaging, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Holtmannspötter
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular NanoanalyticsOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Signaling Research Centers CIBSS and BIOSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular NanoanalyticsOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Rainer Kurre
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular NanoanalyticsOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Michael Reth
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Biology III, Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signaling Research Centers CIBSS and BIOSSUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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5
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Cornelis R, Shulman Z. Upper airway and brain protection by plasma cells: A local affair. Immunity 2022; 55:1972-1974. [PMID: 36351370 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protecting the upper airways and brain from viral invasion through the olfactory mucosa is critical. Wellford et al. describe a barrier that restricts the passage of circulating antibodies and prevents them from reaching the olfactory mucosa. Instead, plasma cells are recruited into this site and prevent viral infection of the airways and the brain through local antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Cornelis
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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6
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Vrba SM, Hickman HD. Imaging viral infection in vivo to gain unique perspectives on cellular antiviral immunity. Immunol Rev 2022; 306:200-217. [PMID: 34796538 PMCID: PMC9073719 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen near continual global public health crises caused by emerging viral infections. Extraordinary increases in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying successful antiviral immune responses in animal models and during human infection have accompanied these viral outbreaks. Keeping pace with the rapidly advancing field of viral immunology, innovations in microscopy have afforded a previously unseen view of viral infection occurring in real-time in living animals. Here, we review the contribution of intravital imaging to our understanding of cell-mediated immune responses to viral infections, with a particular focus on studies that visualize the antiviral effector cells responding to infection as well as virus-infected cells. We discuss methods to visualize viral infection in vivo using intravital microscopy (IVM) and significant findings arising through the application of IVM to viral infection. Collectively, these works underscore the importance of developing a comprehensive spatial understanding of the relationships between immune effectors and virus-infected cells and how this has enabled unique discoveries about virus/host interactions and antiviral effector cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M. Vrba
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Correspondence to: HDH. . 10 Center Drive, Rm 11N244A. Bethesda, MD. 20892. 301-761-6330
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7
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Cai T, Liu H, Zhang S, Hu J, Zhang L. Delivery of nanovaccine towards lymphoid organs: recent strategies in enhancing cancer immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:389. [PMID: 34823541 PMCID: PMC8620195 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the in-depth exploration on cancer therapeutic nanovaccines, increasing evidence shows that the poor delivery of nanovaccines to lymphoid organs has become the culprit limiting the rapid induction of anti-tumor immune response. Unlike the conventional prophylactic vaccines that mainly form a depot at the injection site to gradually trigger durable immune response, the rapid proliferation of tumors requires an efficient delivery of nanovaccines to lymphoid organs for rapid induction of anti-tumor immunity. Optimization of the physicochemical properties of nanovaccine (e.g., size, shape, charge, colloidal stability and surface ligands) is an effective strategy to enhance their accumulation in lymphoid organs, and nanovaccines with dynamic structures are also designed for precise targeted delivery of lymphoid organs or their subregions. The recent progress of these nanovaccine delivery strategies is highlighted in this review, and the challenges and future direction are also discussed. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cai
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors, Ningbo Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Huina Liu
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors, Ningbo Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors, Ningbo Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 211200, China.
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors, Ningbo Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China. .,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China. .,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315010, China. .,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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8
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Kuka M, Iannacone M. Heterogeneity in antiviral B cell responses: Lessons from the movies. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:224-233. [PMID: 34811768 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Humoral and cellular responses to viral infections coexist in a dynamic equilibrium that often results in efficient viral clearance. However, in some infections one of the two responses prevails, for instance when an overactivation of cytotoxic T cells is accompanied by weak and insufficient antibody responses. Although the cellular response is usually sufficient to control a primary viral infection, in some cases clearance is not complete and persistent infections ensue. In order to design effective therapeutic or vaccination strategies aiming at inducing early and potent neutralizing antibody responses, a deep knowledge of the cellular and molecular determinants of antiviral immune responses is needed. Here, we review our understanding on the spatiotemporal dynamics of antiviral humoral immune responses, with a particular focus on recent studies using intravital imaging approaches as an insightful complement to more traditional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Kuka
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases and Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases and Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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9
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Zhang YN, Paynter J, Sou C, Fourfouris T, Wang Y, Abraham C, Ngo T, Zhang Y, He L, Zhu J. Mechanism of a COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine candidate that elicits a broadly neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.03.26.437274. [PMID: 33791704 PMCID: PMC8010731 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.26.437274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines that induce potent neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses against emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are essential for combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We demonstrated that mouse plasma induced by self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SApNPs) that present 20 rationally designed S2GΔHR2 spikes of the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 strain can neutralize the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617 variants with the same potency. The adjuvant effect on vaccine-induced immunity was investigated by testing 16 formulations for the multilayered I3-01v9 SApNP. Using single-cell sorting, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with diverse neutralization breadth and potency were isolated from mice immunized with the receptor binding domain (RBD), S2GΔHR2 spike, and SApNP vaccines. The mechanism of vaccine-induced immunity was examined in mice. Compared with the soluble spike, the I3-01v9 SApNP showed 6-fold longer retention, 4-fold greater presentation on follicular dendritic cell dendrites, and 5-fold stronger germinal center reactions in lymph node follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer Paynter
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Cindy Sou
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Tatiana Fourfouris
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
| | - Ciril Abraham
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
| | - Timothy Ngo
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
| | - Linling He
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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10
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Alexandre YO, Devi S, Park SL, Mackay LK, Heath WR, Mueller SN. Systemic Inflammation Suppresses Lymphoid Tissue Remodeling and B Cell Immunity during Concomitant Local Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108567. [PMID: 33378682 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent infection with multiple pathogens occurs frequently in individuals and can result in exacerbated infections and altered immunity. However, the impact of such coinfections on immune responses remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal that systemic infection results in an inflammation-induced suppression of local immunity. During localized infection or vaccination in barrier tissues including the skin or respiratory tract, concurrent systemic infection induces a type I interferon-dependent lymphopenia that impairs lymphocyte recruitment to the draining lymph node (dLN) and induces sequestration of lymphocytes in non-draining LN. This contributes to suppressed fibroblastic reticular cell and endothelial cell expansion and dLN remodeling and impairs induction of B cell responses and antibody production. Our data suggest that contemporaneous systemic inflammation constrains the induction of regional immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sapna Devi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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11
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Ahmad MZ, Ahmad J, Haque A, Alasmary MY, Abdel-Wahab BA, Akhter S. Emerging advances in synthetic cancer nano-vaccines: opportunities and challenges. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:1053-1071. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1858058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anzarul Haque
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University College of Pharmacy, Alkharj Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Yahia Alasmary
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University Hospital, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sohail Akhter
- Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), CNRS UPR4301; LE STUDIUM Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orleans, France
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12
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Suzuki T, Sato Y, Sano K, Arashiro T, Katano H, Nakajima N, Shimojima M, Kataoka M, Takahashi K, Wada Y, Morikawa S, Fukushi S, Yoshikawa T, Saijo M, Hasegawa H. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus targets B cells in lethal human infections. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:799-812. [PMID: 31904586 DOI: 10.1172/jci129171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever caused by a tick-borne banyangvirus and is associated with high fatality. Despite increasing incidence of SFTS and serious public health concerns in East Asia, the pathogenesis of lethal SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection in humans is not fully understood. Numbers of postmortem examinations to determine target cells of the viral infection have so far been limited. Here we showed that B cells differentiating into plasmablasts and macrophages in secondary lymphoid organs were targets for SFTSV at the end stage of lethal infection, and the majority of SFTSV-infected cells were B cell-lineage lymphocytes. In affected individuals, B cell-lineage lymphocytes with SFTSV infection were widely distributed in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs, and infiltration of these cells into the capillaries of the organs could be observed occasionally. Moreover, a human plasmablastic lymphoma cell line, PBL-1, was susceptible to SFTSV propagation and had a similar immunophenotype to that of target cells of SFTSV in fatal SFTS. PBL-1 can therefore provide a potential in vitro model for human SFTSV infection. These results extend our understanding of the pathogenesis of human lethal SFTSV infection and can facilitate the development of SFTSV countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Infectious Diseases Pathology, Department of Global Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arashiro
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Wada
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Infectious Diseases Pathology, Department of Global Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Zhang YN, Poon W, Sefton E, Chan WCW. Suppressing Subcapsular Sinus Macrophages Enhances Transport of Nanovaccines to Lymph Node Follicles for Robust Humoral Immunity. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9478-9490. [PMID: 32479046 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanovaccines need to be transported to lymph node follicles to induce humoral immunity and generate neutralizing antibodies. Here, we discovered that subcapsular sinus macrophages play a barrier role to prevent nanovaccines from accessing lymph node follicles. This is illustrated by measuring the humoral immune responses after removing or functionally altering these cells in the nanovaccine transport process. We achieved up to 60 times more antigen-specific antibody production after suppressing subcapsular sinus macrophages. The degree of the enhanced antibody production is dependent on the nanovaccine dose and size, formulation, and administration time. We further found that pharmacological agents that disrupt the macrophage uptake function can be considered as adjuvants in vaccine development. Immunizing mice using nanovaccines formulated with these agents can induce more than 30 times higher antigen-specific antibody production compared to nanovaccines alone. These findings suggest that altering transport barriers to enable more of the nanovaccine to be delivered to the lymph node follicles for neutralizing antibody production is an effective strategy to boost vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Wilson Poon
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Elana Sefton
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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14
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Nagy PD. Host protein chaperones, RNA helicases and the ubiquitin network highlight the arms race for resources between tombusviruses and their hosts. Adv Virus Res 2020; 107:133-158. [PMID: 32711728 PMCID: PMC7342006 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Positive-strand RNA viruses need to arrogate many cellular resources to support their replication and infection cycles. These viruses co-opt host factors, lipids and subcellular membranes and exploit cellular metabolites to built viral replication organelles in infected cells. However, the host cells have their defensive arsenal of factors to protect themselves from easy exploitation by viruses. In this review, the author discusses an emerging arms race for cellular resources between viruses and hosts, which occur during the early events of virus-host interactions. Recent findings with tomato bushy stunt virus and its hosts revealed that the need of the virus to exploit and co-opt given members of protein families provides an opportunity for the host to deploy additional members of the same or associated protein family to interfere with virus replication. Three examples with well-established heat shock protein 70 and RNA helicase protein families and the ubiquitin network will be described to illustrate this model on the early arms race for cellular resources between tombusviruses and their hosts. We predict that arms race for resources with additional cellular protein families will be discovered with tombusviruses. These advances will fortify research on interactions among other plant and animal viruses and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Nagy
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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15
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Fu K, March K, Alexaki A, Fabozzi G, Moysi E, Petrovas C. Immunogenicity of Protein Therapeutics: A Lymph Node Perspective. Front Immunol 2020; 11:791. [PMID: 32477334 PMCID: PMC7240201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous development of molecular biology and protein engineering technologies enables the expansion of the breadth and complexity of protein therapeutics for in vivo administration. However, the immunogenicity and associated in vivo development of antibodies against therapeutics are a major restriction factor for their usage. The B cell follicular and particularly germinal center areas in secondary lymphoid organs are the anatomical sites where the development of antibody responses against pathogens and immunogens takes place. A growing body of data has revealed the importance of the orchestrated function of highly differentiated adaptive immunity cells, including follicular helper CD4 T cells and germinal center B cells, for the optimal generation of these antibody responses. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the antibody responses against therapeutics could lead to novel strategies to reduce their immunogenicity and increase their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Fu
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kylie March
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aikaterini Alexaki
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Giulia Fabozzi
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eirini Moysi
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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16
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Sala E, Kuka M. The Suppressive Attitude of Inflammatory Monocytes in Antiviral Antibody Responses. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:327-333. [PMID: 32027238 PMCID: PMC7247028 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory monocytes play important functions in antiviral immune responses, including release of inflammatory cytokines and antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. Depending on the pathological context, these functions might translate into beneficial or detrimental effects in the resolution of the disease. Recent literature has highlighted a role for inflammatory monocytes also in direct suppression of B cell responses. In this review, we will briefly discuss research showing the relationship between inflammatory monocytes and B lymphocytes, its functional consequences on antiviral antibody responses, and possible implications in the design of future vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Sala
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirela Kuka
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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17
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Spatiotemporal regulation of type I interferon expression determines the antiviral polarization of CD4 + T cells. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:321-330. [PMID: 32066949 PMCID: PMC7043938 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of CD4+ T cells into either follicular helper T (TFH) or type 1 helper T (TH1) cells influences the balance between humoral and cellular adaptive immunity, but the mechanisms whereby pathogens elicit distinct effector cells are incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of CD4+ T cells during infection with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which induces early, potent neutralizing antibodies or recombinant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), which induces a vigorous cellular response, but inefficient neutralizing antibodies, expressing the same T cell epitope. Early exposure of dendritic cells to type I interferon (IFN), which occurred during infection with VSV, induced the production of the cytokine IL-6 and drove TFH cell polarization, while late exposure to type I IFN, which occurred during infection with LCMV, did not induce IL-6 and allowed differentiation into TH1 cells. Thus, tight spatiotemporal regulation of type I IFN shapes antiviral CD4+ T cell differentiation, and might instruct vaccine design strategies.
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18
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Kuka M, De Giovanni M, Iannacone M. The role of type I interferons in CD4 + T cell differentiation. Immunol Lett 2019; 215:19-23. [PMID: 30771379 PMCID: PMC7234836 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) released upon viral infections play different and opposing roles in disease outcome. This pleiotropic effect is mainly influenced by the cellular sources, timing and target cells for these molecules. The effect of type I IFN signaling on the activation and differentiation of antiviral CD4+ T cells remains ill defined, with studies reporting either a beneficial or a detrimental role, depending on the context of infection. This review will highlight several recent studies that have investigated the role of type I IFNs in the priming and polarization of CD4+ T cells and discuss areas of uncertainty that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Kuka
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases and Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Marco De Giovanni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases and Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases and Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy.
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19
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Zhang YN, Lazarovits J, Poon W, Ouyang B, Nguyen LNM, Kingston BR, Chan WCW. Nanoparticle Size Influences Antigen Retention and Presentation in Lymph Node Follicles for Humoral Immunity. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7226-7235. [PMID: 31508968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node follicles capture and retain antigens to induce germinal centers and long-lived humoral immunity. However, control over antigen retention has been limited. Here we discovered that antigen conjugated to nanoparticle carriers of different sizes impacts the intralymph node transport and specific cell interaction. We found that follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks determine the intralymph node follicle fate of these nanoparticles by clearing smaller ones (5-15 nm) within 48 h and retaining larger ones (50-100 nm) for over 5 weeks. The 50-100 nm-sized nanoparticles had 175-fold more delivery of antigen at the FDC dendrites, 5-fold enhanced humoral immune responses of germinal center B cell formation, and 5-fold more antigen-specific antibody production over 5-15 nm nanoparticles. Our results show that we can tune humoral immunity by simply manipulating the carrier size design to produce effectiveness of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G9 , Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E1 , Canada
| | - James Lazarovits
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G9 , Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E1 , Canada
| | - Wilson Poon
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G9 , Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E1 , Canada
| | - Ben Ouyang
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G9 , Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E1 , Canada
- MD/PhD Program, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Luan N M Nguyen
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G9 , Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E1 , Canada
| | - Benjamin R Kingston
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G9 , Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E1 , Canada
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G9 , Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E1 , Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 1A1 , Canada
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
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20
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Wang N, Chen M, Wang T. Liposomes used as a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system: From basics to clinical immunization. J Control Release 2019; 303:130-150. [PMID: 31022431 PMCID: PMC7111479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely utilized as a carrier to improve therapeutic efficacy of agents thanks to their merits of high loading capacity, targeting delivery, reliable protection of agents, good biocompatibility, versatile structure modification and adjustable characteristics, such as size, surface charge, membrane flexibility and the agent loading mode. In particular, in recent years, through modification with immunopotentiators and targeting molecules, and in combination with innovative immunization devices, liposomes are rapidly developed as a multifunctional vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS) that has a high capability in inducing desired immunoresponses, as they can target immune cells and even cellular organelles, engender lysosome escape, and promote Ag cross-presentation, thus enormously enhancing vaccination efficacy. Moreover, after decades of development, several products developed on liposome VADS have already been authorized for clinical immunization and are showing great advantages over conventional vaccines. This article describes in depth some critical issues relevant to the development of liposomes as a VADS, including principles underlying immunization, physicochemical properties of liposomes as the immunity-influencing factors, functional material modification to enhance immunostimulatory functions, the state-of-the-art liposome VADSs, as well as the marketed vaccines based on a liposome VADS. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive reference to the development of novel liposome vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tun Brook Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Minnan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
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21
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Salimzadeh L, Le Bert N, Dutertre CA, Gill US, Newell EW, Frey C, Hung M, Novikov N, Fletcher S, Kennedy PT, Bertoletti A. PD-1 blockade partially recovers dysfunctional virus-specific B cells in chronic hepatitis B infection. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4573-4587. [PMID: 30084841 PMCID: PMC6159957 DOI: 10.1172/jci121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic HBV (CHB) infection suppresses virus-specific T cells, but its impact on humoral immunity has been poorly analyzed. Here, we developed a dual-staining method that utilizes hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigens (HBsAg) labeled with fluorochromes as "baits" for specific ex vivo detection of HBsAg-specific B cells and analysis of their quantity, function, and phenotype. We studied healthy vaccinated subjects (n = 18) and patients with resolved (n = 21), acute (n = 11), or chronic (n = 96) HBV infection and observed that frequencies of circulating HBsAg-specific B cells were independent of HBV infection status. In contrast, the presence of serum HBsAg affected function and phenotype of HBsAg-specific B cells that were unable to mature in vitro into Ab-secreting cells and displayed an increased expression of markers linked to hyperactivation (CD21lo) and exhaustion (PD-1). Importantly, B cell alterations were not limited to HBsAg-specific B cells, but affected the global B cell population. HBsAg-specific B cell maturation could be partially restored by a method involving the combination of the cytokines IL-2 and IL-21 and CD40L-expressing feeder cells and was further boosted by the addition of anti-PD-1 Abs. In conclusion, HBV infection has a marked impact on global and HBV-specific humoral immunity, yet HBsAg-specific B cells are amenable to a partial rescue by B cell-maturing cytokines and PD-1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loghman Salimzadeh
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nina Le Bert
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Charles-A. Dutertre
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Upkar S. Gill
- Barts Liver Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evan W. Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Christian Frey
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Department of Biology, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Magdeleine Hung
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Department of Biology, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Nikolai Novikov
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Department of Biology, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Simon Fletcher
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Department of Biology, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Patrick T.F. Kennedy
- Barts Liver Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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22
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Burton AR, Pallett LJ, McCoy LE, Suveizdyte K, Amin OE, Swadling L, Alberts E, Davidson BR, Kennedy PT, Gill US, Mauri C, Blair PA, Pelletier N, Maini MK. Circulating and intrahepatic antiviral B cells are defective in hepatitis B. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4588-4603. [PMID: 30091725 PMCID: PMC6159997 DOI: 10.1172/jci121960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in the ongoing control of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The development of antibodies against the viral surface antigen (HBV surface antigen [HBsAgs]) constitutes the hallmark of resolution of acute infection and is a therapeutic goal for functional cure of chronic HBV (CHB). We characterized B cells directly ex vivo from the blood and liver of patients with CHB to investigate constraints on their antiviral potential. Unexpectedly, we found that HBsAg-specific B cells persisted in the blood and liver of many patients with CHB and were enriched for T-bet, a signature of antiviral potential in B cells. However, purified, differentiated HBsAg-specific B cells from patients with CHB had defective antibody production, consistent with undetectable anti-HBs antibodies in vivo. HBsAg-specific and global B cells had an accumulation of CD21-CD27- atypical memory B cells (atMBC) with high expression of inhibitory receptors, including PD-1. These atMBC demonstrated altered signaling, homing, differentiation into antibody-producing cells, survival, and antiviral/proinflammatory cytokine production that could be partially rescued by PD-1 blockade. Analysis of B cells within healthy and HBV-infected livers implicated the combination of this tolerogenic niche and HBV infection in driving PD-1hiatMBC and impairing B cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R. Burton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, and
| | - Laura J. Pallett
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, and
| | - Laura E. McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, and
| | - Kornelija Suveizdyte
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, and
| | - Oliver E. Amin
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, and
| | - Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, and
| | - Elena Alberts
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, and
| | - Brian R. Davidson
- Department of Surgery, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Upkar S. Gill
- Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and the London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Mauri
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Blair
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, and
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