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Kim JH, Lee G, Hwang J, Kim J, Kwon J, Song Y. Performance of Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Models in Korean Patients With New-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis: National Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030604. [PMID: 37982210 PMCID: PMC10727304 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the performance of established cardiovascular risk algorithms in Korean patients with new-onset rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS AND RESULTS This retrospective cohort study identified patients newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis without a history of cardiovascular diseases between 2013 and 2019 using the National Health Insurance Service database. The cohort was followed up until 2020 for the development of the first major adverse cardiovascular event. General cardiovascular risk prediction algorithms, such as the systematic coronary risk evaluation model, the Korean risk prediction model for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association pooled equations, and the Framingham Risk Score, were used. The discrimination and calibration of cardiovascular risk prediction models were evaluated. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. A total of 611 patients among 24 889 patients experienced a major adverse cardiovascular event during follow-up. The median 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases risk score was significantly higher in patients with major adverse cardiovascular events than those without. The C-statistics of risk algorithms ranged between 0.72 and 0.74. Compared with the low-risk group, the actual risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular events increased significantly in the intermediate- and high-risk groups for all algorithms. However, the risk predictions calculated from all algorithms overestimated the observed cardiovascular risk in the middle to high deciles, and only the systematic coronary risk evaluation algorithm showed comparable observed and predicted event rates in the low-intermediate deciles with the highest sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The systematic coronary risk evaluation model algorithm and the general risk prediction models discriminated patients with rheumatoid arthritis appropriately. However, overestimation should be considered when applying the cardiovascular risk prediction model in Korean patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of New Drug DevelopmentJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Lee
- Department of StatisticsDaegu UniversityGyeongbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Jinseub Hwang
- Department of StatisticsDaegu UniversityGyeongbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Won Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal MedicineDaegu Catholic University School of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin‐Won Kwon
- BK21 FOUR Community‐Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Yun‐Kyoung Song
- College of PharmacyDaegu Catholic UniversityGyeongbukRepublic of Korea
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Kong CY, Wang CL, Niu KJ, Qi W. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in eastern China-A hospital based study. Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:1121-1126. [PMID: 34080783 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this hospital clinic based study was to evaluate the potential risk factors associated with the prevalence of MetS in RA population. METHODS From January 2015 to October 2018, 717 patients with RA and 717 healthy controls who were treated or performed physical examination in Tianjin First Central Hospital were enrolled in this study. The basic disease diagnoses were recorded. A questionnaire was performed on all participants to assess the demographic details of the RA cohort. Moreover, laboratory indicators related to glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with RA were also detected. The potential risk factors for MetS were also analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS were 31.2% and 34.2% in case and control groups, respectively (P = .22). There were lower levels of HDL-C, obesity, TG, LDL-C and TC in case group than control group (all P < .05). The hypertension levels in healthy controls was decreased in compared with patients with RA (P < .05). Nevertheless, in patients with RA, complement 3 (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.03, P = .007) and less glucocorticoids use (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39-0.99, P = .046) were associated with MetS. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MetS was not associated with RA. Complement 3 may be associated with the higher prevalence of MetS in patients with RA. Glucocorticoids treatment may be associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang-Lei Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai-Jun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wufang Qi
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Hanvivadhanakul P, Buakhamsri A. Disease activity is associated with LV dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis patients without clinical cardiovascular disease. Adv Rheumatol 2019; 59:56. [PMID: 31843000 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-019-0100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cross-sectional study aimed to assess left ventricular systolic function using global longitudinal strain (GLS) by speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) and arterial stiffness using cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in Thai adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS Confirmed RA patients were selected from a list of outpatient attendees if they were 18 years (y) without clinical, ECG and echocardiographic evidence of CVD, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and excess alcoholic intake. Controls were matched with age and sex to a list of healthy individuals with normal echocardiograms. All underwent STE and CAVI. RESULTS 60 RA patients (females = 55) were analysed. Mean standard deviation of patient and control ages were 50 ± 10.2 and 51 ± 9.9 y, respectively, and mean duration of RA was 9.0 ± 6.8 y. Mean DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR were 2.9 ± 0.9 and 3.4 ± 0.9, respectively. There was no between-group differences in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), LV sizes, LVMI, LV diastolic function and CAVI were within normal limits but all GLSs values was significantly lower in patients vs. controls: 17.6 ± 3.4 vs 20.4 ± 2.2 (p = 0.03). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated significant correlations between GLSs and RA duration (p = 0.02), and GLSs and DAS28-CRP (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Patients with RA and no clinical CV disease have reduced LV systolic function as shown by lower GLSs. It is common and associated with disease activity and RA disease duration. 2D speckle-tracking GLSs is robust in detecting this subclinical LV systolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punchong Hanvivadhanakul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, 99/209 Moo 18, Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthanee, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Adisai Buakhamsri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, 99/209 Moo 18, Paholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthanee, 12120, Thailand
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Liu JH, Ng MY, Cheung T, Chung HY, Chen Y, Zhen Z, Zou Y, Mak KF, Khong PL, Lau CS, Tse HF, Yiu KH. Ten-year progression of coronary artery, carotid artery, and aortic calcification in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:807-816. [PMID: 28127640 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased vascular calcification, although the rate of progress of calcification is uncertain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the progression of and the predictors for calcification in different vascular beds over 10 years. The 10-year actual coronary calcium score (CS) and 10-year predicted coronary CS, based on the pattern of the general population, were compared. Calcification of the coronary and carotid artery and the aorta was assessed by multi-detector computed tomography. Significant CS progression was determined by the difference between the square root of baseline and square root of follow-up calcium score (i.e., SQRT method). The 10-year predicted coronary CS was based on the mathematical formula derived by the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. A total of 49 patients (54 ± 11 years, 90% female) had a follow-up scan after 10.0 ± 0.2 years. The CS in all vascular beds was significantly increased; 55% of the patients had a significant progression of CS in the coronary, 29% in the carotid, and 80% in the aorta. Age and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were independently associated with calcification progression in all vascular beds. Importantly, the absolute increase in 10-year actual coronary CS was significantly higher than that predicted. In patients with RA, calcification in all vascular beds significantly increased over 10 years and was independently associated with age and SBP. Importantly, the absolute increase in 10-year actual coronary CS progression was significantly higher than that predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hua Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Rm 1929b, Block K, Hong Kong, China.,Department of medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ming-Yen Ng
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tommy Cheung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho-Yin Chung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Rm 1929b, Block K, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe Zhen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Rm 1929b, Block K, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Rm 1929b, Block K, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Fung Mak
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pek-Lan Khong
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak-Sing Lau
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Rm 1929b, Block K, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Rm 1929b, Block K, Hong Kong, China. .,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Chen DY, Chen YM, Hsieh TY, Hsieh CW, Lin CC, Lan JL. Significant effects of biologic therapy on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:52. [PMID: 25889426 PMCID: PMC4384305 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The goal of this study was to investigate (1) the associations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related inflammation or rheumatoid factor/anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) positivity with lipid profiles and insulin resistance (IR), (2) the effects of biologic therapy on lipid profiles and IR, and (3) potential predictors for the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods Serum levels of lipid profiles were determined by enzymatic methods in 32 adalimumab-treated patients, 16 etanercept-treated patients, 24 tocilizumab-treated patients, and 20 biologic-naïve patients. Atherogenic index, which corresponds to the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), was calculated. IR was measured by homeostasis model assessment. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness was determined by using sonography. Results There was an inverse correlation between disease activity (disease activity score for 28 joints, or DAS28) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (r = −0.226, P <0.05) and a positive correlation between DAS28 and IR (r = 0.361, P <0.005). Anti-CCP-positive patients had significantly higher DAS28 and IR compared with anti-CCP-negative patients. There was also a positive correlation between IR and levels of interleukin-6 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). HDL-C levels significantly increased in patients receiving 6-month anti-TNF-α therapy, and levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride increased in tocilizumab-treated patients. IR significantly decreased in patients under biologic therapy but was unchanged in biologic-naïve patients. Age, IR, and DAS28 were significant predictors of severe subclinical atherosclerosis (odds ratios of 1.08, 2.77, and 2.52, respectively). Conclusions Significant associations of RA-related inflammation with lipid profiles and IR indicate the involvement of RA in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Biologic therapies were associated with IR reduction without change in atherogenic index, but their beneficial effects on atherosclerosis reduction need to be verified in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Yuan Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, No.250, Guoguang Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan. .,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No.250, Guoguang Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan. .,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N.Rd., Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, No.250, Guoguang Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan. .,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No.250, Guoguang Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Tsu-Yi Hsieh
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Wei Hsieh
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, No.250, Guoguang Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan. .,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No.250, Guoguang Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, No.250, Guoguang Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan. .,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No.250, Guoguang Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung, 40404, Taiwan. .,College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist., Taichung, 40404, Taiwan.
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Imbalance between endothelial damage and repair: a gateway to cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:178721. [PMID: 24790989 PMCID: PMC3984775 DOI: 10.1155/2014/178721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is accelerated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and it leads to excessive cardiovascular complications in these patients. Despite the improved awareness of cardiovascular disease and advent of clinical diagnostics, the process of atherogenesis in most patients remains clinically silent until symptoms and signs of cardiovascular complications develop. As evidence has demonstrated that vascular damage is already occurring before clinically overt cardiovascular disease develops in lupus patients, intervention at the preclinical stage of atherogenesis would be plausible. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction, one of the earliest steps of atherogenesis, has been demonstrated to occur in lupus patients even when they are naïve for cardiovascular disease. Currently known “endothelium-toxic” factors including type 1 interferon, proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cells, immune complexes, costimulatory molecules, neutrophils extracellular traps, lupus-related autoantibodies, oxidative stress, and dyslipidemia, coupled with the aberrant functions of the endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) which are crucial to vascular repair, likely tip the balance towards endothelial dysfunction and propensity to develop cardiovascular disease in lupus patients. In this review, altered physiology of the endothelium, factors leading to perturbed vascular repair contributed by lupus EPC and the impact of proatherogenic factors on the endothelium which potentially lead to atherosclerosis in lupus patients will be discussed.
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Yiu KH, Yeung CK, Zhao CT, Chan JC, Siu CW, Tam S, Wong CS, Yan GH, Yue WS, Khong PL, Chan HH, Tse HF. Prevalence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis. J Intern Med 2013; 273:273-82. [PMID: 23003220 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with psoriasis are prone to premature atherosclerosis and increased risk of cardiovascular disease events. However, the prevalence and extent of atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis are unknown. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS The prevalence and extent of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis were compared in 70 patients with psoriasis (46 ± 9 years, 71% male) without known cardiovascular disease or joint involvement and 51 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (45 ± 7 years, 71% male). Systemic inflammation was assessed by the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Coronary atherosclerosis was determined by the coronary calcification score (CCS) measured by multi-detector computed tomography. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by high-resolution ultrasound-derived carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). RESULTS Patients with psoriasis had a higher prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis (CCS > 0; 28.6% vs. 3.9%, P < 0.01), and a higher degree of coronary atherosclerosis estimated by the mean CCS (67.4 ± 349.2 vs. 0.5 ± 3.0, P < 0.05) compared with controls. Similarly, cIMT was significantly greater in patients with psoriasis than in control subjects (0.73 ± 0.11 mm vs. 0.67 ± 0.08 mm, P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression revealed that psoriasis [odd ratio (OR): 10.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.89-58.67, P < 0.01] and serum total cholesterol level (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.01-4.37) were associated with the presence of coronary atherosclerosis (CCS > 0). By contrast, only age was independently associated with increased cIMT. Amongst participants with no traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, hs-CRP level was higher in patients with psoriasis than in controls. CONCLUSION The present results demonstrate early-onset, diffuse arterial atherosclerosis in coronary and carotid arteries in patients with psoriasis, but not in age- and gender-matched control subjects. Low-grade inflammation could explain the presence of premature atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Yiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Lee SG, Kim JM, Lee SH, Kim KH, Kim JH, Yi JW, Jung WJ, Park YE, Park SH, Lee JW, Baek SH, Lee JH, Kim GT. Is the frequency of metabolic syndrome higher in South Korean women with rheumatoid arthritis than in healthy subjects? Korean J Intern Med 2013; 28:206-15. [PMID: 23526131 PMCID: PMC3604611 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2013.28.2.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To compare the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and magnitude of insulin resistance, measured by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), between South Korean women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy subjects, and to evaluate risk factors for MetS and increased HOMA-IR in patients with RA. METHODS In a cross-sectional setting, 84 female patients with RA and 109 age-matched healthy female subjects were consecutively recruited at a university-affiliated rheumatology center in South Korea. MetS was defined according to the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III) 2004 criteria. RESULTS The frequency of MetS did not differ significantly between patients with RA (19%) and healthy subjects (15.6%, p = 0.566), although patients with RA had a higher HOMA-IR compared with healthy subjects (p < 0.001). Patients with RA met the NCEP-ATP III 2004 criteria for high blood pressure more often than healthy subjects (44% vs. 19.3%, p < 0.001), and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol was more prevalent in healthy subjects (33%) than in patients with RA (14.3%, p = 0.004). Although no obvious risk factors for the presence of MetS were identified in patients with RA, higher serum C-reactive protein and disease activity score assessed using the 28-joint count for swelling and tenderness-erythrocyte sedimentation rate significantly contributed to a higher HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Despite their increased insulin resistance, South Korean women with RA did not have a significantly higher frequency of MetS compared with that in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Geun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kye-Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Malgeunsem Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Seong-Hu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Young Do Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Joung-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsin Christian Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsin Christian Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Geun-Tae Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Lee SG, Kim JM, Lee SH, Kim KH, Choi SA, Park EK, Jung WJ, Park YE, Park SH, Lee JW, Baek SH, Lee JH, Kim GT. Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome in Female Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Preliminary Report. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2012. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2012.19.5.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Geun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kye-Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-A Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Malgeunsem Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Seong-Hu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Young-do Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Joung-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsin Christian Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsin Christian Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Geun-Tae Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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