An antenatally diagnosed rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder treated without extensive surgery

Janus -faced oxidant and antioxidant profiles of organo diselenides

To date, organoseleniums are pre-eminent for peroxide decomposition and radical quenching antioxidant activities. On the contrary, here, a series of Janus-faced aminophenolic diselenides have been prepared from substituted 2-iodoaniline and selenium powder using copper-catalyzed methodology. Subsequently, condensation with substituted salicylaldehyde afforded the Schiff base, which on reduction, yielded the desired substituted aminophenolic diselenides in 72%-88% yields. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from oxygen gas by the synthesized aminophenolic diselenides was studied by analyzing the oxidation of dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) dye and para-nitro-thiophenol by fluorescence and UV-Visible spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations and crystal structure analysis revealed the role of functional amine and hydroxyl sites present in the Janus-faced organoselenium catalyst for the activation of molecular oxygen, where NH and phenolic groups bring the oxygen molecule close to the catalyst by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O intermolecular interactions. Additionally, these functionalities stabilize the selenium-centered radical in the formed transition states. Antioxidant activities of the synthesized diselenides have been explored as the catalyst for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using benzenethiol sacrificial co-reductant by a well-established thiol assay. Radical quenching antioxidant activity was studied by the quenching of DPPH radicals at 516 nm by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The structure activity correlation suggests that the electron-rich phenol and electron-rich and sterically hindered selenium center enhance the oxidizing property of the aminophenolic diselenides. Janus-faced diselenides were also evaluated for their cytotoxic effect on HeLa cancer cells via MTT assay, which suggests that the compounds are effective at 15-18 μM concentration against cancer cells. Moreover, the combination with therapeutic anticancer drugs Erlotinib and Doxorubicin showed promising cytotoxicity at the nanomolar concentration (8-28 nM), which is sufficient to suppress the growth of the cancer cells.

Bone and soft tissue sarcomas during pregnancy: A narrative review of the literature

Bone or soft tissue sarcomas are rarely diagnosed during pregnancy. Until today 137 well documented cases have been reported in the English literature between 1963 and 2014. Thirty-eight pregnant mothers were diagnosed with osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma or chondrosarcoma, whereas 95 other cases of soft tissue sarcomas of various types have been documented. We present the clinical picture and therapeutic management of this coexistence.

A Case of Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Presenting as a Lobulated Protrusion From the Urethral Meatus at Birth

This is the first reported case of rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as a mass protruding from the urethral meatus present at birth. A male neonate was transferred to a tertiary pediatric urology center on day 4 of life where the mass was surgically excised. Histology confirmed an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and chemotherapy commenced. The patient completed chemotherapy at the age of 8 months. The child is now 3.5 years old and well with no recurrence of disease.

Congenital urethral polyps in girls: as a differential diagnosis of interlabial masses

STUDY OBJECTIVE

To present the clinical appearance, differential diagnosis, long-term follow-up, and the surgical result of single-center experience with female urethral polyps presenting as an interlabial mass, and to report the common causes of interlabial masses in infants.

DESIGN

All 12 girls who presented with an interlabial mass and intermittent bleeding have been included in this study; however, the benign urethral polyps are discussed in detail and are the subject of this study.

SETTING

All patients were referred to our national referral pediatric urology center with initial impression of vaginal bleeding; however, rhabdomyosarcoma of bladder and urethra (n = 2) or vagina (n = 3) and urethral polyp (n = 7) was the final diagnosis.

PARTICIPANTS

The records of 12 girls who presented with external genitalia bleeding were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 7 had fibroepithelial polyps and underwent initial polypectomy between 2001 and 2011with mean age of 21.5 months (range: 1-90 mo). All girls underwent endoscopic surgical removal of polyps.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

No postoperative polyp recurrence was observed following endoscopic polyp resection.

RESULTS

The postoperative period was uneventful except in 1 girl who had immediate postoperative urethral bleeding which stopped spontaneously. There was no major complication or polyp recurrence after operation during the long-term follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

The interlabial mass must be considered as a urethral polyp and should be differentiated from the vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma with protrusion of vaginal tumor from the vaginal outlet or other benign lesions. Physical examination in frog legged position or examination under anesthesia with urethrocystoscopy may confirm the final diagnosis.

Mesenchymal tumours of the bladder and prostate: an update

Mesenchymal tumours of the urinary bladder and prostate are infrequent neoplasms. The body of literature is growing with isolated case reports and short series, and the majority of cases are benign neoplasms. Other than stromal tumour of uncertain malignant potential and prostatic stromal sarcoma, both neoplasms derived from the specific prostatic stroma, the mesenchymal neoplasms in these locations are identical to their counterparts seen in other organs. However, the limited amount of tissue generated by biopsy and rarity of mesenchymal lesions in these sites create unique diagnostic difficulties, while correct classification of the neoplasm often bears significant impact on prognosis and therapeutic strategy. In this review we summarise the diagnostic features, focus on the differential diagnosis, and highlight the potential diagnostic pitfalls of mesenchymal tumours of the bladder and prostate.