1
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Identification of a differentiation-related prognostic nomogram based on single-cell RNA sequencing in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10973. [PMID: 35768519 PMCID: PMC9243004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that is originated from the lined proximal convoluted tubule, and its major histological subtype is clear cell RCC (ccRCC). This study aimed to retrospectively analyze single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, to explore the correlation among the evolution of tumor microenvironment (TME), clinical outcomes, and potential immunotherapeutic responses in combination with bulk RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and to construct a differentiation-related genes (DRG)-based prognostic risk signature (PRS) and a nomogram to predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients. First, scRNA-seq data of ccRCC samples were systematically analyzed, and three subsets with distinct differentiation trajectories were identified. Then, ccRCC samples from TCGA database were divided into four DRG-based molecular subtypes, and it was revealed that the molecular subtypes were significantly correlated with prognosis, clinicopathological features, TME, and the expression levels of immune checkpoint genes (ICGs). A DRG-based PRS was constructed, and it was an independent prognostic factor, which could well predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients. Finally, we constructed a prognostic nomogram based on the PRS and clinicopathological characteristics, which exhibited a high accuracy and a robust predictive performance. This study highlighted the significance of trajectory differentiation of ccRCC cells and TME evolution in predicting clinical outcomes and potential immunotherapeutic responses of ccRCC patients, and the nomogram provided an intuitive and accurate method for predicting the prognosis of such patients.
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2
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Liao D, Lin Q, Xiao H, Zhang F, Han Q. Circular RNAs as Prognostic Biomarkers in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:878700. [PMID: 35754794 PMCID: PMC9213809 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.878700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, several studies have shown that circRNAs play critical roles in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) oncogenesis and development. However, whether the level of circRNA expression in RCC is correlated with prognosis remains unclear. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the association between circRNA expression levels and the prognosis of RCC patients. Methods: We systematically searched Ovid, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science from January 1950 to June 2021 for the literature published in English. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a meta-analysis of 21 selected studies to confirm the association between the circRNA expression level and prognosis of RCC. Results: This meta-analysis included 20 articles and 1,559 RCC patients. The results showed that the high expression of oncogenic circRNAs (OS: HR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.63–2.56, p = 0.20; PFS: HR = 2.82, 95% CI: 0.82–9.72, p = 0.03) and low expression of tumor-suppressor circRNAs (OS: HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.61–2.30, p < 0.05; PFS: HR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.76–3.28, p = 0.36) were closely related to poor survival outcomes. Conclusion: The meta-analysis verifies that circRNAs can be potential prognostic biomarkers of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Qiu Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Huan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Fenglian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Qin Han
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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3
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Santorelli L, Stella M, Chinello C, Capitoli G, Piga I, Smith A, Grasso A, Grasso M, Bovo G, Magni F. Does the Urinary Proteome Reflect ccRCC Stage and Grade Progression? Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2369. [PMID: 34943605 PMCID: PMC8700730 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due its ability to provide a global snapshot of kidney physiology, urine has emerged as a highly promising, non-invasive source in the search for new molecular indicators of disease diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance. In particular, proteomics represents an ideal strategy for the identification of urinary protein markers; thus, a urinomic approach could also represent a powerful tool in the investigation of the most common kidney cancer, which is clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC). Currently, these tumors are classified after surgical removal using the TNM and nuclear grading systems and prognosis is usually predicted based upon staging. However, the aggressiveness and clinical outcomes of ccRCC remain heterogeneous within each stratified group, highlighting the need for novel molecular indicators that can predict the progression of these tumors. In our study, we explored the association between the urinary proteome and the ccRCC staging and grading classification. The urine proteome of 44 ccRCC patients with lesions of varying severity was analyzed via label-free proteomics. MS data revealed several proteins with altered abundance according to clinicopathological stratification. Specifically, we determined a panel of dysregulated proteins strictly related to stage and grade, suggesting the potential utility of MS-based urinomics as a complementary tool in the staging process of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Santorelli
- Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (C.C.); (I.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Martina Stella
- Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (C.C.); (I.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Clizia Chinello
- Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (C.C.); (I.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Giulia Capitoli
- Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy;
| | - Isabella Piga
- Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (C.C.); (I.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrew Smith
- Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (C.C.); (I.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Angelica Grasso
- Urology Unit, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Grasso
- Urology Unit, S. Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Giorgio Bovo
- Pathology Unit, Vimercate Hospital, 20871 Vimercate, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Magni
- Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy; (L.S.); (M.S.); (C.C.); (I.P.); (A.S.)
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4
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Giubellino A, Ricketts CJ, Moreno V, Linehan WM, Merino MJ. MicroRNA Profiling of Morphologically Heterogeneous Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:5375-5384. [PMID: 34405000 PMCID: PMC8364632 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity (IH) has been recently described as an important contributor to tumor growth through a branched rather than a linear pattern of tumor evolution for renal cell carcinoma. As to whether the miRNA profiling of the different and heterogeneous areas is the same or not, it is not known. This study analyzed the differences and similarities of the miRNA profiles in histologically distinct regions within several RCC tumors. The observed differences may have great implications for the development of predictive biomarkers and the identification of druggable targets with improvement of combinatorial therapeutic approaches for the effective treatment of kidney cancer, as well as for the identification of circulating malignant cells that can be useful to detect tumor recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Giubellino
- Translational Surgical Pathology, Laboratory of Pathology, National Institutes of health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Vanessa Moreno
- Translational Surgical Pathology, Laboratory of Pathology, National Institutes of health, Bethesda, MD
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maria J Merino
- Translational Surgical Pathology, Laboratory of Pathology, National Institutes of health, Bethesda, MD
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Zhang H, Qin C, Liu HW, Guo X, Gan H. An Effective Hypoxia-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs Assessment Model for Prognosis of Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:616722. [PMID: 33692953 PMCID: PMC7937891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.616722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a significant clinical feature and regulates various tumor processes in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC). Increasing evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with the survival outcomes of ccRCC patients and regulates hypoxia-induced tumor processes. Thus, this study aimed to develop a hypoxia-related lncRNA (HRL) prognostic model for predicting the survival outcomes in ccRCC. LncRNAs in ccRCC samples were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Hypoxia-related genes were downloaded from the Molecular Signatures Database. A co-expression analysis between differentially expressed lncRNAs and hypoxia-related genes in ccRCC samples was performed to identify HRLs. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to select nine optimal lncRNAs for developing the HRL model. The prognostic model showed good performance in predicting prognosis among patients with ccRCC, and the validation sets reached consistent results. The model was also found to be related to the clinicopathologic parameters of tumor grade and tumor stage and to tumor immune infiltration. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the hypoxia-lncRNA assessment model may be useful for prognostication in ccRCC cases. Furthermore, the nine HRLs included in the model might be useful targets for investigating the tumorigenesis of ccRCC and designing individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Wen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ran X, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Teng H, Cheng F, Chen H, Zhang K, Sun Z. Low intratumor heterogeneity correlates with increased response to PD-1 blockade in renal cell carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920977117. [PMID: 33425025 PMCID: PMC7758866 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920977117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) has been shown to be inversely associated with immune infiltration in several cancers including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but it remains unclear whether ITH is associated with response to immunotherapy (e.g. PD-1 blockade) in ccRCC. METHODS We quantified ITH using mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity, investigated the association of ITH with immune parameters in patients with ccRCC (n = 336) as well as those with papillary RCC (pRCC, n = 280) from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and validations were conducted in patients with ccRCC from an independent cohort (n = 152). The relationship between ITH and response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy was explored in patients with metastatic ccRCC from a clinical trial of anti-PD-1 therapy (n = 35), and validated in three equal-size simulated data sets (n = 60) generated by random sampling with replacement based on this clinical trial cohort. RESULTS In ccRCC, low ITH was associated with better survival, more reductions in tumor burden, and clinical benefit of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy through modulating immune activity involving more neoantigens, elevated expression of HLA class I genes, and higher abundance of dendritic cells. Furthermore, we found that the association between the level of ITH and response to PD-1 blockade was independent of the mutation status of PBRM1 and that integrating both factors performed better than the individual predictors in predicting the benefit of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in ccRCC patients. In pRCC, increased immune activity was also observed in low- versus high-ITH tumors, including higher neoantigen counts, increased abundance of monocytes, and decreased expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2. CONCLUSIONS ITH may be helpful in the identification of patients who could benefit from PD-1 blockade in ccRCC, and even in pRCC where no genomic metrics has been found to correlate with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ran
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyuan Xiao
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huajing Teng
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiqian Chen
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaifan Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Overexpression of SNHG12 regulates the viability and invasion of renal cell carcinoma cells through modulation of HIF1α. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:128. [PMID: 31114448 PMCID: PMC6518781 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cumulative evidences demonstrated the aberrant overexpression of Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 12 (SNHG12) in diverse human cancer. However, the expression status and involvement of SNHG12 in renal cell carcinoma is still elusive. Methods The expression of SNHG12 was determined by q-PCR. The transcriptional regulation was interrogated by luciferase reporter assay. Cell viability was measured with CCK-8 kit. The anchorage-independent was evaluated by soft agar assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/7-AAD double staining. The migration and invasion were determined by trans-well assay and wound scratch closure. The in vivo tumor growth was monitored in xenograft mice model. Protein expression was quantified by immunoblotting. Results SNHG12 was aberrantly up-regulated in renal carcinoma both in vivo and in vitro. High expression of SNHG12 associated with poor prognosis. Deficiency of SNHG12 significantly suppressed cell viability, anchorage-independent growth and induced apoptosis. In addition, SNHG12 silencing inhibited migrative and invasive in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, SNHG12 modulated HIF1α expression via competing with miR-199a-5p, which consequently contributed to its oncogenic potential. MiR-199a-5p inhibition severely compromised SNHG12 silencing-elicited tumor repressive effects. Conclusion Our data uncovered a crucial role of SNHG12-miR-199a-5p-HIF1α axis in human renal cancer.
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8
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Graham J, Heng DYC, Brugarolas J, Vaishampayan U. Personalized Management of Advanced Kidney Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:330-341. [PMID: 30231375 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_201215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of renal cell carcinoma represents one of the great success stories in translational cancer research, with the development of novel therapies targeting key oncogenic pathways. These include drugs that target the VEGF and mTOR pathways, as well as novel immuno-oncology agents. Despite the therapeutic advancements, there is a paucity of well-validated prognostic and predictive biomarkers in advanced kidney cancer. With a number of highly effective therapies available across multiple lines, it will become increasingly important to develop a more tailored approach to treatment selection. Prognostic clinical models, such the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) model, are routinely used for prognostication in clinical practice. The IMDC model has demonstrated a predictive capability in the context of these treatments including immune checkpoint inhibition. A number of promising molecular markers and gene expression signatures are being explored as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, but none are ready to be widely used for treatment selection. In this review, we will explore the current landscape of personalized care in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This will include a focus on both prognostic and predictive factors as well as clinical applications of biology in kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Graham
- From the Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Daniel Y C Heng
- From the Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - James Brugarolas
- From the Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Ulka Vaishampayan
- From the Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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9
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Zhao Q, Hong B, Liu T, Ji Y, Tang X, Gong K, Ye L, Yang Y, Zhang N. VEGI174 protein and its functional domain peptides exert antitumour effects on renal cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:390-398. [PMID: 30431089 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) has been identified as an anti‑angiogenic cytokine. However, the effects of VEGI174 protein, and its functional domain peptides V7 and V8, on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unknown. In the present study, the protein and peptides were biosynthesised as experimental agents. The A498 and 786‑O RCC cell lines, and an established mouse xenograft model, were separately treated with VEGI174, V7 or V8. Cellular functions, including proliferation, migration and invasion, were subsequently detected. Cell migration and invasion were monitored using the xCELLigence system. Furthermore, tumour growth and mouse behaviours, including mobility, appetite and body weight, were assessed. The results demonstrated that VEGI174, V7 and V8 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of A498 and 786‑O cell lines when administered at concentrations of 1 and 100 pM, 10 nM and 1 µM. The inhibitory effects exhibited dose‑ and time‑dependent antitumour activity. Furthermore, VEGI174, V7 and V8 inhibited tumour growth in A498 and 786‑O xenograft mice. In the A498 xenografts, the tumour growth inhibition (TGI) rates in the VEGI174‑, V7‑ and V8‑treated groups were 71, 20 and 31%, respectively. In the 786‑O xenografts, the TGI rates in the VEGI174‑, V7‑ and V8‑treated groups were 34, 26 and 31%, respectively. There was no significant loss in body weight and no cases of mortality were observed for all treated mice. In conclusion, VEGI174, V7 and V8 exhibited potential antitumour effects and were well tolerated in vivo. V7 and V8, as functional domain peptides of the VEGI174 protein, may be studied for the future treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Baoan Hong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Tiezhu Liu
- Department of Urology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Yongpeng Ji
- Department of Urology, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Tang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Kan Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ye
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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Qin J, Zhou J, Teng L, Han Y. MicroRNA-10b Promotes Apoptosis via JNK Pathway in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Nephron Clin Pract 2018; 139:172-180. [DOI: 10.1159/000486017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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11
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Dong Y, Manley BJ, Becerra MF, Redzematovic A, Casuscelli J, Tennenbaum DM, Reznik E, Han S, Benfante N, Chen YB, Arcila ME, Aras O, Voss MH, Feldman DR, Motzer RJ, Fabbri N, Healey JH, Boland PJ, Chawla M, Durack JC, Lee CH, Coleman JA, Russo P, Hakimi AA, Cheng EH, Hsieh JJ. Tumor Xenografts of Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma But Not Corresponding Cell Lines Recapitulate Clinical Response to Sunitinib: Feasibility of Using Biopsy Samples. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 3:590-598. [PMID: 28753786 PMCID: PMC5608640 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parallel development of preclinical models that recapitulate treatment response observed in patients is central to the advancement of personalized medicine. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of biopsy specimens to develop patient-derived xenografts and the use of corresponding cell lines from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors for the assessment of histopathology, genomics, and treatment response. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 74 tumor specimens from 66 patients with RCC were implanted into immunocompromised NOD-SCID IL2Rg-/- mice. Four cell lines generated from patients' specimens with clear cell pathology were used for comparative studies. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Preclinical models were established and assessed. Engraftment rates were analyzed using chi-square testing. Analysis of variance (two-way analysis of variance) was conducted to assess tumor growth. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Overall, 33 RCC mouse xenograft models were generated with an overall engraftment rate of 45% (33 of 74). Tumor biopsies engrafted comparably with surgically resected tumors (58% vs 41%; p=0.3). Xenograft tumors and their original tumors showed high fidelity in regard to histology, mutation status, copy number change, and targeted therapy response. Engraftment rates from metastatic tumors were higher but not more significant than primary tumors (54% vs 34%; p=0.091). Our engraftment rate using metastases or biopsies was comparable with recent reports using resected primary tumors. In stark contrast to corresponding cell lines, all tested xenografts recapitulated patients' clinical response to sunitinib. CONCLUSIONS Patient-derived xenograft models can be effectively established from tumor biopsies. Preclinical xenograft models but not matched cell lines reflected clinical responses to sunitinib. PATIENT SUMMARY Matched patient-derived clear cell renal cell carcinoma xenografts and cell lines from responsive and refractory patients treated with sunitinib were established and evaluated for pharmacologic response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Both models accurately reflected the genetic characteristics of original tumors, but only xenografts recapitulated drug responses observed in patients. These models could serve as a powerful platform for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Dong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon J Manley
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria F Becerra
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Almedina Redzematovic
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jozefina Casuscelli
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel M Tennenbaum
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ed Reznik
- Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Song Han
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Benfante
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria E Arcila
- Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin H Voss
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darren R Feldman
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Motzer
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicola Fabbri
- Orthopedics Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John H Healey
- Orthopedics Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick J Boland
- Orthopedics Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohit Chawla
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy C Durack
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chung-Han Lee
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Russo
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James J Hsieh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Sanfrancesco JM, Eble JN, Grignon DJ, Wang M, Zhang S, Sundaram CP, Idrees MT, Pili R, Kouba E, Cheng L. Preservation of truncal genomic alterations in clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinomas with sarcomatoid features: An intra- and intertumoral, multifocal fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis reveals limited genetic heterogeneity. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2527-2537. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Sanfrancesco
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - John N. Eble
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - David J. Grignon
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Mingsheng Wang
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Chandru P. Sundaram
- Departments of Urology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Muhammad T. Idrees
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Roberto Pili
- Departments of Medicine; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Erik Kouba
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Liang Cheng
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
- Departments of Urology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis Indiana
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13
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Caswell DR, Swanton C. The role of tumour heterogeneity and clonal cooperativity in metastasis, immune evasion and clinical outcome. BMC Med 2017; 15:133. [PMID: 28716075 PMCID: PMC5514532 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of rapid and inexpensive sequencing technology allows scientists to decipher heterogeneity within primary tumours, between primary and metastatic sites, and between metastases. Charting the evolutionary history of individual tumours has revealed drivers of tumour heterogeneity and highlighted its impact on therapeutic outcomes. DISCUSSION Scientists are using improved sequencing technologies to characterise and address the challenge of tumour heterogeneity, which is a major cause of resistance to therapy and relapse. Heterogeneity may fuel metastasis through the selection of rare, aggressive, somatically altered cells. However, extreme levels of chromosomal instability, which contribute to intratumour heterogeneity, are associated with improved patient outcomes, suggesting a delicate balance between high and low levels of genome instability. CONCLUSIONS We review evidence that intratumour heterogeneity influences tumour evolution, including metastasis, drug resistance, and the immune response. We discuss the prevalence of tumour heterogeneity, and how it can be initiated and sustained by external and internal forces. Understanding tumour evolution and metastasis could yield novel therapies that leverage the immune system to control emerging tumour neo-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R Caswell
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Charles Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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14
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Thiesen HJ, Steinbeck F, Maruschke M, Koczan D, Ziems B, Hakenberg OW. Stratification of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) genomes by gene-directed copy number alteration (CNA) analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176659. [PMID: 28486536 PMCID: PMC5423597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenic processes are understood to be driven by epi-/genetic and genomic alterations from single point mutations to chromosomal alterations such as insertions and deletions of nucleotides up to gains and losses of large chromosomal fragments including products of chromosomal rearrangements e.g. fusion genes and proteins. Overall comparisons of copy number alterations (CNAs) presented in 48 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) genomes resulted in ratios of gene losses versus gene gains between 26 ccRCC Fuhrman malignancy grades G1 (ratio 1.25) and 20 G3 (ratio 0.58). Gene losses and gains of 15762 CNA genes were mapped to 795 chromosomal cytoband loci including 280 KEGG pathways. CNAs were classified according to their contribution to Fuhrman tumour gradings G1 and G3. Gene gains and losses turned out to be highly structured processes in ccRCC genomes enabling the subclassification and stratification of ccRCC tumours in a genome-wide manner. CNAs of ccRCC seem to start with common tumour related gene losses flanked by CNAs specifying Fuhrman grade G1 losses and CNA gains favouring grade G3 tumours. The appearance of recurrent CNA signatures implies the presence of causal mechanisms most likely implicated in the pathogenesis and disease-outcome of ccRCC tumours distinguishing lower from higher malignant tumours. The diagnostic quality of initial 201 genes (108 genes supporting G1 and 93 genes G3 phenotypes) has been successfully validated on published Swiss data (GSE19949) leading to a restricted CNA gene set of 171 CNA genes of which 85 genes favour Fuhrman grade G1 and 86 genes Fuhrman grade G3. Regarding these gene sets overall survival decreased with the number of G3 related gene losses plus G3 related gene gains. CNA gene sets presented define an entry to a gene-directed and pathway-related functional understanding of ongoing copy number alterations within and between individual ccRCC tumours leading to CNA genes of prognostic and predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-J. Thiesen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - F. Steinbeck
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - M. Maruschke
- Department of Urology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Urology, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Germany
| | - D. Koczan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - B. Ziems
- Steinbeis Center for Proteome Analysis, Rostock, Germany
| | - O. W. Hakenberg
- Department of Urology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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15
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Wang Y, Sun J, Gao W, Song B, Shao Q, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Qu X. Preoperative Tim‑3 expression on peripheral NK cells is correlated with pathologic TNM staging in colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3810-3818. [PMID: 28440449 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) serves an important regulatory role in lymphocytes and in several cancers. However, the association between Tim‑3 expression on various lymphocyte subsets and human colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been elucidated. The present study aimed to characterize Tim‑3 expression on peripheral lymphocytes, including cluster of differentiation CD3+CD56‑ T cells, CD3‑CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells and CD3+CD56+ natural killer T (NKT) cells, in patients with CRC. The frequency of T cells, NK cells and NKT cells expressing Tim‑3 was assessed by multicolor flow cytometry of peripheral blood collected from 36 preoperative CRC patients and 38 healthy donors. The expression of Tim‑3 on lymphocyte subsets from 53 postoperative blood samples of CRC patients was also analyzed. There were fewer circulating NK cells in patients with CRC compared with healthy controls (P=0.0027); NK cell expression of Tim‑3 was also significantly decreased (P=0.0239). The frequency of circulating NK cells and Tim‑3+ NK cells was negatively correlated with clinical cancer stage, compared with healthy controls, but not with other clinicopathological parameters or serum concentrations of CRC biomarkers. Furthermore, the expression of Tim‑3 in NK cells was higher in CRC patients without metastasis. Notably, NK cell Tim‑3 expression in CRC patients was significantly restored following surgical resection of the primary tumor. In conclusion, the present study indicates the presence of an altered frequency and expression of Tim‑3 in peripheral NK cells in CRC patients. Preoperative Tim‑3 expression on peripheral NK cells is correlated with differential staging in colorectal cancer, and may be useful as a serum biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jintang Sun
- Department of Tumor Immunity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Gao
- Department of Tumor Immunity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Bingfeng Song
- Department of Tumor Immunity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Shao
- Department of Tumor Immunity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Tumor Immunity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Tumor Immunity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xun Qu
- Department of Tumor Immunity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors is providing significant benefit to patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), both in overall survival and tolerability of treatment. Given the recent approval of the first checkpoint inhibitor in RCC, this review discusses the background and clinical data for checkpoint inhibition in RCC. Areas covered: This review introduces and discusses the basic biologic mechanisms of checkpoint inhibitor function and focuses on the current evidence in clinical trials for the use of immunotherapy in RCC. Expert commentary: Immunotherapy has been a mainstay of therapy in RCC, but the recent approval of nivolumab with ORR of 25% and durable responses has provided a transformative new therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Beckermann
- a Department of Medicine , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- a Department of Medicine , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Jeffrey A Sosman
- b Department of Medicine , Northwestern University Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
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Functional Studies on Primary Tubular Epithelial Cells Indicate a Tumor Suppressor Role of SETD2 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Neoplasia 2016; 18:339-46. [PMID: 27292023 PMCID: PMC4916950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SET domain-containing 2 (SETD2) is responsible for the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine36 (H3K36me3) and is one of the genes most frequently mutated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It is located at 3p21, one copy of which is lost in the majority of ccRCC tumors, suggesting that SETD2 might function as a tumor suppressor gene. However, the manner in which loss of SETD2 contributes to ccRCC development has not been studied in renal primary tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). Therefore, we studied the consequences of SETD2 knockdown through lentiviral shRNA in human PTECs. Consistent with its known function, SETD2 knockdown (SETD-KD) led to loss of H3K36me3 in PTECs. In contrast to SETD2 wild-type PTECs, which have a limited proliferation capacity; the SETD2-KD PTECs continued to proliferate. The expression profiles of SETD2-KD PTECs showed a large overlap with the expression profile of early-passage, proliferating PTECs, whereas nonproliferating PTECs showed a significantly different expression profile. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a significant enrichment of E2F targets in SETD2-KD and proliferating PTECs as compared with nonproliferating PTECs and in proliferating PTEC compared with SETD2-KD. The SETD2-KD PTECs maintained low expression of CDKN2A and high expression of E2F1, whereas their levels changed with continuing passages in untreated PTECs. In contrast to the nonproliferating PTECs, SETD2-KD PTECs showed no β-galactosidase staining, confirming the protection against senescence. Our results indicate that SETD2 inactivation enables PTECs to bypass the senescence barrier, facilitating a malignant transformation toward ccRCC.
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Tim-3 expression represents dysfunctional tumor infiltrating T cells in renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol 2016; 34:561-7. [PMID: 26253654 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-015-1656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common cancer of kidney. Evidences have shown that RCC is sensitive to various immunotherapies. Tim-3 plays a role in suppressing Th1-mediated immune responses. However, no study has yet examined the effect of Tim-3 on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in RCC. METHODS We investigated the expression and function of Tim-3 on TIL CD4+ T cells and TIL CD8+ T cells from 30 RCC patients. RESULTS Levels of Tim-3 were significantly increased on both TIL CD4+ T cells and TIL CD8+ T cells and were associated with higher stages of the cancer. Also, GATA-3 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were down-regulated, whereas T-bet was up-regulated in TIL Tim-3+ T cells, indicating that Tim-3 expression defined a population of dysfunctional TIL Th1/Tc1 cells. Mechanism analyses showed that TIL Tim-3-expressing CD8+ T cells exhibited impaired Stat5 and p38 signaling pathway. Blocking the Tim-3 pathway restored cell proliferation and increased IFN-γ production in TIL CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of RCC. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Tim-3 may be used as a novel target for increasing immune responses in RCC tumor microenvironment.
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Xiao H, Xiao W, Cao J, Li H, Guan W, Guo X, Chen K, Zheng T, Ye Z, Wang J, Xu H. miR-206 functions as a novel cell cycle regulator and tumor suppressor in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:107-116. [PMID: 26808577 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study we tried to systematically investigate the tumor suppressing microRNAs in ccRCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MTS cell viability and colony formation assay were used to systematically detect the tumor suppressing ability of down-regulated miRNAs in ccRCC. Then miR-206 expression was detected by RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization in ccRCC cell lines and clinical samples. Oligonucleotides were used to overexpress or down-regulate miR-206. MTS cell viability, EdU cell proliferation, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, Xenograft subcutaneously and orthotopic implantations were done to examine tumor suppressing effects of miR-206 in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase assay was performed to verify the precise target of miR-206. RESULTS We reviewed and experimentally analyzed the currently available miRNA expression profiles data of ccRCC and identified miR-206 as one of the most critical tumor-suppressing microRNAs in ccRCC. In addition, miR-206 inhibited ccRCC cell proliferation through inducing cell cycle arrest by directly targeting cell cycle related gene CDK4, CDK9 and CCND1. CONCLUSIONS All these results suggested that miR-206 functioned as a novel cell cycle regulator and tumor suppressor in ccRCC and could be considered as a potential target for ccRCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Translational Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaolin Guo
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Urology, Puai Hospital, Wuhan, 430033, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Cell Death and Cancer Genetics, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, USA.
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Strategies for stem cell patent applications in the light of recent court cases. Pharm Pat Anal 2015; 4:431-41. [PMID: 26580992 DOI: 10.4155/ppa.15.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells offer the prospect of treatments for diseases and injuries that are currently beyond medical science. Although development of these potential medical marvels has been dogged by their controversial origin, technological developments and guidance from recent judicial decisions have answered and overcome many of these difficulties. In particular, the European Patent Office, United States Patent and Trademark Office, Japan Patent Office and State Intellectual Property Office of China have published guidelines covering patenting of stem cell technologies in the light of recent decisions. We now see a patent landscape where stem cell technologies and related therapies can, with very few exceptions, be protected via patents, provided the appropriate form of claim wording is used.
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