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Avraham Y, Shapira-Furman T, Saklani R, Van Heukelom B, Carmel M, Vorobiev L, Lipsker L, Zwas DR, Berry EM, Domb AJ. Sustained insulin treatment restoring metabolic status, body weight, and cognition in an anorexia nervosa-like animal model in mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 466:115001. [PMID: 38642861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a psycho-socio-biological disease characterized by severe weight loss as result of dieting and hyperactivity. Effective treatments are scarce, despite its significant prevalence and mortality. AN patients show lower basal insulin levels and increased metabolic clearance, leading to weight loss, cognitive deficits, and hormonal imbalances. Low-dose polymer insulin could potentially reverse these effects by restoring brain function, reducing fear of weight gain, encouraging food intake, and restoring fat depots. This study evaluates an insulin delivery system designed for sustained release and AN treatment. METHODS AN-like model was established through dietary restriction (DR). On days 1-25, mice were on DR, and on days 26-31 they were on ad libitum regimen. An insulin-loaded delivery system was administered subcutaneously (1% w/w insulin). The impact of insulin treatment on gene expression in the hippocampus (cognition, regulation of stress, neurogenesis) and hypothalamus (eating behavior, mood) was assessed. Behavioral assays were conducted to evaluate motor activity and cognitive function. RESULTS The delivery system demonstrated sustained insulin release, maintaining therapeutic plasma levels. Diet restriction mice treated with the insulin delivery system showed body weight restoration. Gene expression analysis revealed enhanced expression of CB1 and CB2 genes associated with improved eating behavior and cognition, while POMC expression was reduced. Insulin-polymer treatment restored cognitive function and decreased hyperactivity in the AN-like model. CONCLUSION The PSA-RA-based insulin delivery system effectively restores metabolic balance, body weight, and cognitive function in the AN model. Its ability to steadily release insulin makes it a promising candidate for AN treatment."
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosefa Avraham
- Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Tovi Shapira-Furman
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ravi Saklani
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Bob Van Heukelom
- Department of Neurology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, 6716 RP, the Netherlands
| | - Moshe Carmel
- Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Lia Vorobiev
- Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Leah Lipsker
- Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Donna R Zwas
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Heart Institute, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elliot M Berry
- Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Sari DK, Ichwan M, Masyithah D, Dharmajaya R, Khatib A. Sex Differences in Neuropeptide Y Serum, But Not in Fat Intake and Body Mass Index. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
One’s appetite has a role in controlling food intake and maintaining energy balance, but its effect on body metabolism related to obesity is still questionable. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of neuropeptide Y in healthy people and to see differences in gender and anthropometric parameters. The hypothesis of this study was that there would be differences in neuropeptide Y levels in groups with gender and anthropometric parameter differences.
Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional study involving 62 study subjects, male and female, who did not have chronic diseases or metabolic disorders. This research was conducted from April to September 2020. The parameters examined in this study were neuropeptide Y levels and anthropometric parameters. The statistical analysis performed was the Mann–Whitney test to see the differences between groups.
Results:
The mean age of the research subjects was 40.48 ± 10.85 years, with the same ethnic distribution. The distribution of men and women was more women than men. Based on anthropometric examination, it was found that obesity nutritional status was more common in the female group than in the male group; however, serum neuropeptide Y levels were found to be significantly different between male and female groups (male group was higher) which were mean±standard deviation: 348.37±330.09 ng/L, p=0.036.
Conclusions: The study found significant differences in serum neuropeptide Y levels in male and female groups, with neuropeptide Y levels being higher in men than in women.
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The Endocannabinoid System and Physical Activity—A Robust Duo in the Novel Therapeutic Approach against Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063083. [PMID: 35328503 PMCID: PMC8948925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity and related pathologies encompassing coronary heart disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes constitute serious threats to global health and are associated with a significantly elevated risk of premature death. Considering the enormous burden of these pathologies, novel therapeutic and preventive patterns are indispensable. Dysregulation of one of the most complex biological systems in the human body namely, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may result in metabolic imbalance and development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Furthermore, many studies showed that physical exercises, depending on their type, intensity, and frequency, exert various alterations within the ECS. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting the ECS via physical activity may produce robust beneficial effects on the course of metabolic pathologies. However, the data showing a direct correlation between the ECS and physical activity in the aspect of metabolic health are very scarce. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide the most up-to-date state of knowledge about the interplay between the ECS activity and physical exercises in the novel therapeutic and preventive approach toward metabolic pathologies. We believe that this paper, at least in part, will fulfill the existing gap in knowledge and encourage researchers to further explore this very complex yet interesting link between the ECS, its action in physical activity, and subsequent positive outcomes for metabolic health.
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Avraham Y, Van Heukelom B, Zolotarev O, Magen I, Vorobiev L, Zwas DR. Insulin normalized brain metabolic status on a Model of Anorexia Nervosa in Mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 249:113738. [PMID: 35182554 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anorexia nervosa is a psycho-socio-biological disease, characterized by self-starvation and distorted perception of body weight. Patients often over-exercise. Insulin is an anabolic hormone that increases food intake and restores body fat and is present in low levels in anorexia nervosa patients: thus may have therapeutic potential in treating anorexia nervosa. AIMS to explore whether low levels insulin administration may result in recovery of cerebral function and restoration of metabolic disorder providing a treatment option for anorexia nervosa. METHODS Female Sabra mice maintained on DR of 2.0 hours per day for 32 days, in cages with or without wheel attached to an electronic counter (activity wheel). They were then permitted to eat ad libitum for additional 15 days. On the second week, mice were injected ip with 0.5U/kg long acting Insulin(Lantus) or saline and cognitive function was evaluated. Insulin administered three times a week during days 8-32. Mice euthanized on day 48 and cerebral levels of monoamines, 2-AG and expression of genes associated with metabolic status were evaluated. RESULTS Activity wheel mice decreased body weight, 2-AG, dopamine levels and 5-HT1A and increased Camkk2 and SIRT1 gene expression compared to mice without it. Insulin increased body weight, decreased revolutions, enhanced NPY and normalized Camkk2, SIRT-1, BDNF, elevated 2-AG and improved cognition in the wheel group. CONCLUSION low dose insulin administration to animal model of anorexia associated with exercise, led to alterations and normalization in brain metabolic status and improved cognition. Insulin should be further explored as potential novel treatment for anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosefa Avraham
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Heart Institute, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel 91120.
| | - Bob Van Heukelom
- Department of Neurology Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede Netherlands 6716 RP Ede
| | - Olga Zolotarev
- Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
| | - Iddo Magen
- Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
| | - Lia Vorobiev
- Department of Metabolism and Human Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
| | - Donna R Zwas
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Heart Institute, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel 91120
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Rahmanian M, Lotfi Yaghin N, Alizadeh M. Blood Level of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), Neuropeptide Y and Omentin and Their Correlation with Food Habits in Obese Women. Galen Med J 2021; 9:e1721. [PMID: 34466576 PMCID: PMC8343500 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite growing concern about the increasing global burden of obesity, there are still many uncertainties in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease. This study aimed to investigate the serum levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and omentin, concerning dietary patterns in obese women. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried on an equal number of obese (case group) and normal-weight women (n=45 each). Dietary intake was determined based on the food frequency questionnaire. Serum levels of 2-AG, NPY, and omentin were determined using ELISA. Results: The obese group showed significantly higher 2-AG and NPY levels than the controls(P<0.001). There were significant positive correlations between the serum level of 2-AG and calorie intake (r=0.219, P=0.038), carbohydrates (r=0.238, P=0.024), fat (r=0.227, P=0.032), saturated fatty acids (r=0.272, P=0.009), and monounsaturated fatty acids (r=0.265, P=0.012). Conclusion: Our study revealed that dietary patterns, in particular, the type of fatty acids used may influence levels of 2-AG, NPY, and omentin, which all are involved in pathways resulting in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Rahmanian
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Lotfi Yaghin
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Correspondence to: Mohammad Alizadeh, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Nishabouri St., Tabriz, I.R. Iran Telephone Number: 0098-41-33362117 Email Address:
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Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Adipose Tissue with Focus on Energy Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061279. [PMID: 34064024 PMCID: PMC8224009 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is involved in a wide range of processes including the control of energy acquisition and expenditure. Endocannabinoids and their receptors are present in the central nervous system but also in peripheral tissues, notably the adipose tissues. The endocannabinoid system interacts with two main hormones regulating appetite, namely leptin and ghrelin. The inhibitory effect of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist rimonabant on fat mass suggested that the endocannabinoid system can also have a peripheral action in addition to its effect on appetite reduction. Thus, several investigations have focused on the peripheral role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of metabolism. The white adipose tissue stores energy as triglycerides while the brown adipose tissue helps to dissipate energy as heat. The endocannabinoid system regulates several functions of the adipose tissues to favor energy accumulation. In this review we will describe the presence of the endocannabinoid system in the adipose tissue. We will survey the role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of white and brown adipose tissue metabolism and how the eCB system participates in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Li N, Cao T, Wu X, Tang M, Xiang D, Cai H. Progress in Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Lipid Disturbances Induced by Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1669. [PMID: 32116676 PMCID: PMC7011106 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic side effects such as weight gain and disturbed lipid metabolism are often observed in the treatment of atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs), which contribute to an excessive prevalence of metabolic syndrome among schizophrenic patients. Great individual differences are observed but the underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. Research on pharmacogenomics indicates that gene polymorphisms involved in the pathways controlling food intake and lipid metabolism may play a significant role. In this review, relevant genes (HTR2C, DRD2, LEP, NPY, MC4R, BDNF, MC4R, CNR1, INSIG2, ADRA2A) and genetic polymorphisms related to metabolic side effects of AAPDs especially dyslipidemia were summarized. Apart from clinical studies, in vitro and in vivo evidence is also analyzed to support related theories. The association of central and peripheral mechanisms is emphasized, enabling the possibility of using peripheral gene expression to predict the central status. Novel methodological development of pharmacogenomics is in urgent need, so as to provide references for individualized medication and further to shed some light on the mechanisms underlying AAPD-induced lipid disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangxin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mimi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daxiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ramírez-López MT, Arco R, Decara J, Vázquez M, Noemí Blanco R, Alén F, Suárez J, Gómez de Heras R, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Exposure to a Highly Caloric Palatable Diet during the Perinatal Period Affects the Expression of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System in the Brain, Liver and Adipose Tissue of Adult Rat Offspring. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165432. [PMID: 27806128 PMCID: PMC5091916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have linked gestational exposure to highly caloric diets with a disrupted endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). In the present study, we have extended these studies by analyzing the impact of the exposure to a palatable diet during gestation and lactation on a) the adult expression of endocannabinoid-related behaviors, b) the metabolic profile of adult offspring and c) the mRNA expression of the signaling machinery of the ECS in the hypothalamus, the liver and the adipose tissue of adult offspring of both sexes. Exposure to a palatable diet resulted in a) sex-dimorphic and perinatal diet specific feeding behaviors, including the differential response to the inhibitory effects of the cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist AM251, b) features of metabolic syndrome including increased adiposity, hyperleptinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and c) tissue and sex-specific changes in the expression of both CB1 and CB2 receptors and in that of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes FAAH and MAGL, being the adipose tissue the most affected organ analyzed. Since the effects were observed in adult animals that were weaned while consuming a normal diet, the present results indicate that the ECS is one of the targets of maternal programming of the offspring energy expenditure. These results clearly indicate that the maternal diet has long-term effects on the development of pups through multiple alterations of signaling homeostatic pathways that include the ECS. The potential relevance of these alterations for the current obesity epidemic is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Ramírez-López
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Arco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mariam Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosario Noemí Blanco
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alén
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Gómez de Heras
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
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Vähätalo LH, Ruohonen ST, Ailanen L, Savontaus E. Neuropeptide Y in noradrenergic neurons induces obesity in transgenic mouse models. Neuropeptides 2016; 55:31-7. [PMID: 26681068 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in noradrenergic neurons plays an important role in modulating the release and effects of catecholamines in a prolonged stress response. Among other functions, it controls energy metabolism. Transgenic expression of Npy in noradrenergic neurons in mice allowed showing that it is critical for diet- and stress-induced gain in fat mass. When overexpressed, NPY in noradrenergic neurons increases adiposity in gene-dose-dependent fashion, and leads to metabolic disorders such as impaired glucose tolerance. However, the mechanisms of obesity seem to be different in mice heterozygous and homozygous for the Npy transgene. While in heterozygous mice the adipogenic effect of NPY is important, in homozygous mice inhibition of sympathetic tone leading to decreased lipolytic activity and impaired brown fat function, as well as increased endocannabinoid levels contribute to obesity. The mouse model provides novel insight to the mechanisms of human diseases with increased NPY due to chronic stress or gain-of-function gene variants, and a tool for development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Vähätalo
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi T Ruohonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Ailanen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Drug Research Doctoral Program, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Krott LM, Piscitelli F, Heine M, Borrino S, Scheja L, Silvestri C, Heeren J, Di Marzo V. Endocannabinoid regulation in white and brown adipose tissue following thermogenic activation. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:464-73. [PMID: 26768656 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m065227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoids and their main receptor, cannabinoid type-1 (CB1), suppress intracellular cyclic AMP levels and have emerged as key players in the control of energy metabolism. CB1 agonists and blockers have been reported to influence the thermogenic function of white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT), affecting body weight through the inhibition and stimulation of energy expenditure, respectively. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the regulation of the endocannabinoid system in WAT and BAT following exposure to either cold or specific agonism of β3-adrenoceptors using CL316,243 (CL), conditions known to cause BAT activation and WAT browning. To address this question, we performed quantitative PCR-based mRNA profiling of genes important for endocannabinoid synthesis, degradation, and signaling, and determined endocannabinoid levels by LC-MS in WAT and BAT of control, cold-exposed, and CL-treated wild-type mice as well as primary brown adipocytes. Treatment with CL and exposure to cold caused an upregulation of endocannabinoid levels and biosynthetic enzymes in WAT. Acute β3-adrenoceptor activation increased endocannabinoids and a subset of genes of biosynthesis in BAT and primary brown adipocytes. We suggest that the cold-mediated increase in endocannabinoid tone is part of autocrine negative feed-back mechanisms controlling β3-adrenoceptor-induced BAT activation and WAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Krott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simona Borrino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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