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Matsumoto N, Manrai P, Rottmann D, Wu X, Assem H, Hui P, Buza N. Correlative Assessment of p53 Immunostaining Patterns and TP53 Mutation Status by Next-Generation Sequencing in High-Grade Endometrial Carcinomas. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 42:567-575. [PMID: 36730675 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
TP53 mutations are frequently identified in the copy number-high molecular subgroup of endometrial carcinomas (ECs). P53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used surrogate marker reflecting the mutational status of TP53 , and recent reports have shown ~95% concordance between the two methods in ECs. While these results are promising, studies evaluating the correlation between different p53 IHC staining patterns and comprehensive next-generation sequencing results are still limited. We compared the p53 IHC staining patterns, scored as wild-type, diffuse nuclear overexpression, null/complete absence, and cytoplasmic, to next-generation sequencing results reported by FoundationOneCDx in 43 high-grade ECs: 20 serous ECs, 9 mixed ECs with a serous component, 4 carcinosarcomas with a serous component, and 10 grade 3 endometrioid ECs. The concordance of p53 IHC and TP53 mutation status was 100% (43/43) overall, including 100% (33/33) concordance in tumors with a serous component and 100% (10/10) in endometrioid ECs. Among the 35 tumors with aberrant p53 expression the most commonly observed pattern was diffuse nuclear overexpression seen in 69% (24/35), followed by cytoplasmic staining in 17% (6/35), and complete absence of staining (null) in 14% (5/35) of tumors. Of the 6 tumors with cytoplasmic staining, 4 corresponded to missense mutations within the DNA binding domain (V157F in 2 tumors, and S127P and R280S, in 2 tumor each), while 2 corresponded to nonsense mutations in the tetramerization domain (p.E339*). Our results further support that p53 IHC can serve as an accurate predictor of TP53 alterations in ECs to aid the molecular-based tumor classification and the distinction between tumor histotypes, both of which play an important role in the assessment of clinical prognosis and therapeutic decision making. In addition, our data suggest, that the type and position of TP53 mutation may not directly correlate with the observed p53 IHC pattern in all tumors, and that there may be alternative mechanisms for cytoplasmic localization (other than mutations involving the nuclear localization domain), possibly due to conformational changes or posttranslational modifications of the aberrant p53 protein.
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2
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Jung EJ, Kim HJ, Shin SC, Kim GS, Jung JM, Hong SC, Kim CW, Lee WS. β-Lapachone Exerts Anticancer Effects by Downregulating p53, Lys-Acetylated Proteins, TrkA, p38 MAPK, SOD1, Caspase-2, CD44 and NPM in Oxaliplatin-Resistant HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9867. [PMID: 37373014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
β-lapachone (β-Lap), a topoisomerase inhibitor, is a naturally occurring ortho-naphthoquinone phytochemical and is involved in drug resistance mechanisms. Oxaliplatin (OxPt) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for metastatic colorectal cancer, and OxPt-induced drug resistance remains to be solved to increase chances of successful therapy. To reveal the novel role of β-Lap associated with OxPt resistance, 5 μM OxPt-resistant HCT116 cells (HCT116-OxPt-R) were generated and characterized via hematoxylin staining, a CCK-8 assay and Western blot analysis. HCT116-OxPt-R cells were shown to have OxPt-specific resistance, increased aggresomes, upregulated p53 and downregulated caspase-9 and XIAP. Through signaling explorer antibody array, nucleophosmin (NPM), CD37, Nkx-2.5, SOD1, H2B, calreticulin, p38 MAPK, caspase-2, cadherin-9, MMP23B, ACOT2, Lys-acetylated proteins, COL3A1, TrkA, MPS-1, CD44, ITGA5, claudin-3, parkin and ACTG2 were identified as OxPt-R-related proteins due to a more than two-fold alteration in protein status. Gene ontology analysis suggested that TrkA, Nkx-2.5 and SOD1 were related to certain aggresomes produced in HCT116-OxPt-R cells. Moreover, β-Lap exerted more cytotoxicity and morphological changes in HCT116-OxPt-R cells than in HCT116 cells through the downregulation of p53, Lys-acetylated proteins, TrkA, p38 MAPK, SOD1, caspase-2, CD44 and NPM. Our results indicate that β-Lap could be used as an alternative drug to overcome the upregulated p53-containing OxPt-R caused by various OxPt-containing chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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Ping X, Cheng Y, Bao J, Shi K, Zou J, Shentu X. KPNA4 is involved in cataract formation via the nuclear import of p53. Gene 2021; 786:145621. [PMID: 33798680 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
KPNA4 (also called importin-α3) belongs to the importin α adaptor proteins family, which orchestrates classical nuclear transport processes, importin-α/importin-β1 pathway, and involves in cellular homeostasis. Disruption of balanced transport pathways may result in ectopic nuclear proteins and eventually cause diseases, mainly under the situation of cellular stress, such as oxidative stress. Little evidence is available on its cellular functions for high specific expression in lens. We firstly studied the role of KPNA4 in cataract formation. Lens defects were observed at an early age in kpna4 gene knockout zebrafish, generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Those phenotype, including cloudy center part of the lens, via bright field microscopy, and the thinning of the LE layer, wider space between the adjacent LE and LF cells, irregular cells morphology and the increased number of holes inside the LE cells, which were detected by transmission electron microscopy, recapitulate the clinical features of cataract patients. As the p53-specific adaptor of the nuclear import, KPNA4 upregulated with the same pattern of p53 in hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in human lens epithelia cells. Furthermore, the loss of Kpna4 resulted in the accumulation of p53 in the center of lens. Taken together, we showed that KPNA4 was involved in the formation of cataract, likely by mediating p53 nuclear transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Ping
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Yalan Cheng
- Ninghai First Hospital, Ningbo 315600, China
| | - Jing Bao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Kexin Shi
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China; The Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingchao Shentu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, China.
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4
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Mirhosseini SA, Sarfi M, Samavarchi Tehrani S, Mirazakhani M, Maniati M, Amani J. Modulation of cancer cell signaling by long noncoding RNAs. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12224-12246. [PMID: 31069841 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellular signaling pathways play a very important role in almost all molecular processes in the cell, and are generally composed of a complex set of cascades in which enzymes and proteins play a key role. These signaling pathways include different types of cellular signaling classified based on their receptors and effector proteins such as enzyme-linked receptors, cytokine receptors, and G-protein-coupled receptors each of which is subdivided into different classes. Signaling pathways are tightly controlled by different mechanisms mostly thorough inhibiting/activating their receptors or effector proteins. In the last two decades, our knowledge of molecular biology has changed dramatically and today we know that more than 85% of the human genome expresses noncoding RNAs most of which are crucial in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cells. One of these noncoding RNAs are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) containing more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNAs participate in the progression of cancer growth through several mechanism including signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize some of the most important of lncRNAs and their effect on important signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarfi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Valente J, Sousa A, Gaspar V, Queiroz J, Sousa F. The biological performance of purified supercoiled p53 plasmid DNA in different cancer cell lines. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Garre S, Gamage AK, Faner TR, Dedigama-Arachchige P, Pflum MKH. Identification of Kinases and Interactors of p53 Using Kinase-Catalyzed Cross-Linking and Immunoprecipitation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16299-16310. [PMID: 30339384 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Kinase enzymes phosphorylate protein substrates in a highly ordered manner to control cell signaling. Unregulated kinase activity is associated with a variety of disease states, most notably cancer, making the characterization of kinase activity in cells critical to understand disease formation. However, the paucity of available tools has prevented a full mapping of the substrates and interacting proteins of kinases involved in cellular function. Recently we developed kinase-catalyzed cross-linking to covalently connect substrate and kinase in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Here, we report a new method combining kinase-catalyzed cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (K-CLIP) to identify kinase-substrate pairs and kinase-associated proteins. K-CLIP was applied to the substrate p53, which is robustly phosphorylated. Both known and unknown kinases of p53 were isolated from cell lysates using K-CLIP. In follow-up validation studies, MRCKbeta was identified as a new p53 kinase. Beyond kinases, a variety of p53 and kinase-associated proteins were also identified using K-CLIP, which provided a snapshot of cellular interactions. The K-CLIP method represents an immediately useful chemical tool to identify kinase-substrate pairs and multiprotein complexes in cells, which will embolden cell signaling research and enhance our understanding of kinase activity in normal and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Garre
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Aparni K Gamage
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Todd R Faner
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | | | - Mary Kay H Pflum
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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Kawasaki N, Miwa T, Hokari S, Sakurai T, Ohmori K, Miyauchi K, Miyazono K, Koinuma D. Long noncoding RNA NORAD regulates transforming growth factor-β signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-like phenotype. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2211-2220. [PMID: 29722104 PMCID: PMC6029837 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs are involved in a variety of cellular functions. In particular, an increasing number of studies have revealed the functions of long noncoding RNA in various cancers; however, their precise roles and mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. NORAD, a cytoplasmic long noncoding RNA, is upregulated by irradiation and functions as a potential oncogenic factor by binding and inhibiting Pumilio proteins (PUM1/PUM2). Here, we show that NORAD upregulates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and regulates TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype, which is a critical step in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma, A549 cells. However, PUM1 does not appear to be involved in this process. We thus focused on importin β1 as a binding partner of NORAD and found that knockdown of NORAD partially inhibits the physical interaction of importin β1 with Smad3, inhibiting the nuclear accumulation of Smad complexes in response to TGF-β. Our findings may provide a new mechanism underlying the function of NORAD in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Miwa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hokari
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyauchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daizo Koinuma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Köbel M, Piskorz AM, Lee S, Lui S, LePage C, Marass F, Rosenfeld N, Mes Masson AM, Brenton JD. Optimized p53 immunohistochemistry is an accurate predictor of TP53 mutation in ovarian carcinoma. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016. [PMID: 27840695 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.53] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
TP53 mutations are ubiquitous in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC), and the presence of TP53 mutation discriminates between high and low-grade serous carcinomas and is now an important biomarker for clinical trials targeting mutant p53. p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used as a surrogate for TP53 mutation but its accuracy has not been established. The objective of this study was to test whether improved methods for p53 IHC could reliably predict TP53 mutations independently identified by next generation sequencing (NGS). Four clinical p53 IHC assays and tagged-amplicon NGS for TP53 were performed on 171 HGSOC and 80 endometrioid carcinomas (EC). p53 expression was scored as overexpression (OE), complete absence (CA), cytoplasmic (CY) or wild type (WT). p53 IHC was evaluated as a binary classifier where any abnormal staining predicted deleterious TP53 mutation and as a ternary classifier where OE, CA or WT staining predicted gain-of-function (GOF or nonsynonymous), loss-of-function (LOF including stopgain, indel, splicing) or no detectable TP53 mutations (NDM), respectively. Deleterious TP53 mutations were detected in 169/171 (99%) HGSOC and 7/80 (8.8%) EC. The overall accuracy for the best performing IHC assay for binary and ternary prediction was 0.94 and 0.91 respectively, which improved to 0.97 (sensitivity 0.96, specificity 1.00) and 0.95 after secondary analysis of discordant cases. The sensitivity for predicting LOF mutations was lower at 0.76 because p53 IHC detected mutant p53 protein in 13 HGSOC with LOF mutations. CY staining associated with LOF was seen in 4 (2.3%) of HGSOC. Optimized p53 IHC can approach 100% specificity for the presence of TP53 mutation and its high negative predictive value is clinically useful as it can exclude the possibility of a low-grade serous tumour. 4.1% of HGSOC cases have detectable WT staining while harboring a TP53 LOF mutation, which limits sensitivity for binary prediction of mutation to 96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Anna M Piskorz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Sandra Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Shuhong Lui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Cecile LePage
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontrealQCCanada; Institut du cancer de Montréal, MontrealQCCanada
| | - Francesco Marass
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Nitzan Rosenfeld
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
| | - Anne-Marie Mes Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontrealQCCanada; Institut du cancer de Montréal, MontrealQCCanada
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 0RE UK
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9
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Köbel M, Piskorz AM, Lee S, Lui S, LePage C, Marass F, Rosenfeld N, Mes Masson A, Brenton JD. Optimized p53 immunohistochemistry is an accurate predictor of TP53 mutation in ovarian carcinoma. J Pathol Clin Res 2016; 2:247-258. [PMID: 27840695 PMCID: PMC5091634 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
TP53 mutations are ubiquitous in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC), and the presence of TP53 mutation discriminates between high and low-grade serous carcinomas and is now an important biomarker for clinical trials targeting mutant p53. p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used as a surrogate for TP53 mutation but its accuracy has not been established. The objective of this study was to test whether improved methods for p53 IHC could reliably predict TP53 mutations independently identified by next generation sequencing (NGS). Four clinical p53 IHC assays and tagged-amplicon NGS for TP53 were performed on 171 HGSOC and 80 endometrioid carcinomas (EC). p53 expression was scored as overexpression (OE), complete absence (CA), cytoplasmic (CY) or wild type (WT). p53 IHC was evaluated as a binary classifier where any abnormal staining predicted deleterious TP53 mutation and as a ternary classifier where OE, CA or WT staining predicted gain-of-function (GOF or nonsynonymous), loss-of-function (LOF including stopgain, indel, splicing) or no detectable TP53 mutations (NDM), respectively. Deleterious TP53 mutations were detected in 169/171 (99%) HGSOC and 7/80 (8.8%) EC. The overall accuracy for the best performing IHC assay for binary and ternary prediction was 0.94 and 0.91 respectively, which improved to 0.97 (sensitivity 0.96, specificity 1.00) and 0.95 after secondary analysis of discordant cases. The sensitivity for predicting LOF mutations was lower at 0.76 because p53 IHC detected mutant p53 protein in 13 HGSOC with LOF mutations. CY staining associated with LOF was seen in 4 (2.3%) of HGSOC. Optimized p53 IHC can approach 100% specificity for the presence of TP53 mutation and its high negative predictive value is clinically useful as it can exclude the possibility of a low-grade serous tumour. 4.1% of HGSOC cases have detectable WT staining while harboring a TP53 LOF mutation, which limits sensitivity for binary prediction of mutation to 96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Anna M Piskorz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Sandra Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Shuhong Lui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Cecile LePage
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontrealQCCanada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, MontrealQCCanada
| | - Francesco Marass
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Nitzan Rosenfeld
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Anne‐Marie Mes Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontrealQCCanada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, MontrealQCCanada
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeCB2 0REUK
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10
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G-actin guides p53 nuclear transport: potential contribution of monomeric actin in altered localization of mutant p53. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32626. [PMID: 27601274 PMCID: PMC5013524 DOI: 10.1038/srep32626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 preserves genomic integrity by restricting anomaly at the gene level. Till date, limited information is available for cytosol to nuclear shuttling of p53; except microtubule-based trafficking route, which utilizes minus-end directed motor dynein. The present study suggests that monomeric actin (G-actin) guides p53 traffic towards the nucleus. Histidine-tag pull-down assay using purified p53(1–393)-His and G-actin confirms direct physical association between p53 and monomeric G-actin. Co-immunoprecipitation data supports the same. Confocal imaging explores intense perinuclear colocalization between p53 and G-actin. To address atomistic details of the complex, constraint-based docked model of p53:G-actin complex was generated based on crystal structures. MD simulation reveals that p53 DNA-binding domain arrests very well the G-actin protein. Docking benchmark studies have been carried out for a known crystal structure, 1YCS (complex between p53DBD and BP2), which validates the docking protocol we adopted. Co-immunoprecipitation study using “hot-spot” p53 mutants suggested reduced G-actin association with cancer-associated p53 conformational mutants (R175H and R249S). Considering these findings, we hypothesized that point mutation in p53 structure, which diminishes p53:G-actin complexation results in mutant p53 altered subcellular localization. Our model suggests p53Arg249 form polar-contact with Arg357 of G-actin, which upon mutation, destabilizes p53:G-actin interaction and results in cytoplasmic retention of p53R249S.
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11
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Heterozygous p53(V172F) mutation in cisplatin-resistant human tumor cells promotes MDM4 recruitment and decreases stability and transactivity of p53. Oncogene 2016; 35:4798-806. [PMID: 26876197 PMCID: PMC5289310 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an important antitumor agent, but its clinical utility is often limited by multifactorial mechanism of resistance. Loss of tumor suppressor p53 function is a major mechanism that is affected by either mutation in the DNA-binding domain or dysregulation by overexpression of p53 inhibitors MDM2 and MDM4, which destabilize p53 by increasing its proteosomal degradation. In the present study, cisplatin-resistant 2780CP/Cl-16 ovarian tumor cells expressed a heterozygous, temperature-sensitive p53(V172F) mutation, which reduced p53 half-life by two- to threefold compared with homozygous wild-type (wt) p53 in parental A2780 cells. Although reduced p53 stability in 2780CP/Cl-16 cells was associated with moderate cellular overexpression of MDM2 or MDM4 (<1.5-fold), their binding to p53 was substantially enhanced (five- to eightfold). The analogous cisplatin-resistant 2780CP/Cl-24 cells, which express loss of p53 heterozygosity, retained the p53(V172F) mutation and high p53-MDM4 binding, but demonstrated lower p53-bound MDM2 that was associated with reduced p53 ubiquitination and enhanced p53 stability. The inference that p53 was unstable as a heteromeric p53(wt)/p53(V172F) complex was confirmed in 2780CP/Cl-24 cells transfected with wt p53 or multimer-inhibiting p53(L344P) mutant, and further supported by normalization of p53 stability in both resistant cell lines grown at the permissive temperature of 32.5 °C. Surprisingly, in 2780CP/Cl-16 and 2780CP/Cl-24 models, cisplatin-induced transactivity of p53 was attenuated at 37 °C, and this correlated with cisplatin resistance. However, downregulation of MDM2 or MDM4 by small interfering RNA in either resistant cell line induced p53 and restored p21 transactivation at 37 °C, as did cisplatin-induced DNA damage at 32.5 °C that coincided with reduced p53-MDM4 binding and cisplatin resistance. These results demonstrate that cisplatin-mediated p53(V172F) mutation regulates p53 stability at the normothermic temperature, but it is the increased recruitment of MDM4 by the homomeric or heteromeric mutant p53(V172F) complex that inhibits p53-dependent transactivation. This represents a novel cellular mechanism of p53 inhibition, and, thereby, induction of cisplatin resistance.
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12
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Bauer NC, Doetsch PW, Corbett AH. Mechanisms Regulating Protein Localization. Traffic 2015; 16:1039-61. [PMID: 26172624 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular functions are dictated by protein content and activity. There are numerous strategies to regulate proteins varying from modulating gene expression to post-translational modifications. One commonly used mode of regulation in eukaryotes is targeted localization. By specifically redirecting the localization of a pool of existing protein, cells can achieve rapid changes in local protein function. Eukaryotic cells have evolved elegant targeting pathways to direct proteins to the appropriate cellular location or locations. Here, we provide a general overview of these localization pathways, with a focus on nuclear and mitochondrial transport, and present a survey of the evolutionarily conserved regulatory strategies identified thus far. We end with a description of several specific examples of proteins that exploit localization as an important mode of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Paul W Doetsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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13
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Dai A, Liu X, Zhang Y, Han L, Zhu L, Ni H, Chen R, Cao M. Up-Regulation of KPNB1 Involves in Neuronal Apoptosis Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adult Rats. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2177-87. [PMID: 26303509 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Kpnb1, also known as Importin β1, is a member of the Karyopherin protein family which plays a important role in nuclear import and export pathways. Its expression has been shown to be responsive to stress, such as heat shock, ethanol and oxidative stress. Previous studies demonstrated that Kpnb1 had anti-apoptotic in cervical cancer. These together prompted us to explore whether Kpnb1 has some association with neuron apoptosis in the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In our study, an ICH model was established by injecting into the right basal ganglia of adult rats with their autologous whole blood and assessed by behavioral tests. We found Kpnb1 were significantly up-regulated adjacent to the hematoma following ICH by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorenscence manifested Kpnb1 was strikingly increased in neurons, not astrocytes or microglia. Furthermore, we also found that kpnb1 had co-localizations with active-caspase-3 which is a neuronal apoptosis marker suggesting its role in neuronal apoptosis. What's more, our in vitro study, using Kpnb1 RNA interference in PC12 cells, further indicated that Kpnb1 might exert its pro-apoptotic function on neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, Kpnb1 may play a role in the neuronal apoptosis following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Dai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijian Han
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haidan Ni
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maohong Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Lee SH, Ju SK, Lee TY, Huh SH, Han KH. TIP30 directly binds p53 tumor suppressor protein in vitro. Mol Cells 2012; 34:495-500. [PMID: 23178973 PMCID: PMC3887794 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-0232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
TIP30 (30 kDa HIV-1 TAT-interacting protein), also called HTATIP2 or CC3, is a tumor suppressor protein that acts as an angiogenesis inhibitor. TIP30 blocks nuclear import of the mRNA-binding protein HuR, and thereby promotes the cytoplasmic accumulation of HuR by binding to importin-β, which is known to facilitate the cytoplasm-tonuclear transport of HuR. Accumulation of HuR in the cytoplasm, in turn, enhances the expression of the transcription factor p53, a tumor suppressor that plays an essential role in preserving genome stability and inhibiting cancer growth. In addition to such a post-transcriptional mechanism via which TIP30 increases the p53 level, it has been proposed that TIP30 may regulate p53 protein at the protein level by directly binding to it. In order to investigate the possibility of direct interaction between p53 and TIP30, we have used on three functional regions in p53 and examined their interactions with TIP30 using GST pull-down assay and surface plasmon resonance technique. The results show that that TIP30 binds to the DNA-binding domain and the C-terminal domain of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hyung Lee
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Division of Convergent Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Ju
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Tae-Young Lee
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Huh
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764,
Korea
| | - Kyou-Hoon Han
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, Division of Convergent Biomedical Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-333,
Korea
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15
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Smith SD, Enge M, Bao W, Thullberg M, Costa TDF, Olofsson H, Gashi B, Selivanova G, Strömblad S. Protein kinase Cα (PKCα) regulates p53 localization and melanoma cell survival downstream of integrin αv in three-dimensional collagen and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29336-47. [PMID: 22773839 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.341917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C α (PKCα) is overexpressed in numerous types of cancer. Importantly, PKCα has been linked to metastasis of malignant melanoma in patients. However, it has been unclear how PKCα may be regulated and how it exerts its role in melanoma. Here, we identified a role for PKCα in melanoma cell survival in a three-dimensional collagen model mimicking the in vivo pathophysiology of the dermis. A pathway was identified that involved integrin αv-mediated up-regulation of PKCα and PKCα-dependent regulation of p53 localization, which was connected to melanoma cell survival. Melanoma survival and growth in three-dimensional microenvironments requires the expression of integrin αv, which acts to suppress p53 activity. Interestingly, microarray analysis revealed that PKCα was up-regulated by integrin αv in a three-dimensional microenvironment-dependent manner. Integrin αv was observed to promote a relocalization of endogenous p53 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm upon growth in three-dimensional collagen as well as in vivo, whereas stable knockdown of PKCα inhibited the integrin αv-mediated relocalization of p53. Importantly, knockdown of PKCα also promoted apoptosis in three-dimensional collagen and in vivo, resulting in reduced tumor growth. This indicates that PKCα constitutes a crucial component of the integrin αv-mediated pathway(s) that promote p53 relocalization and melanoma survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Smith
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge SE-141 83, Sweden
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16
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Murphy RF, Komlodi-Pasztor E, Robey R, Balis FM, Farrell NP, Fojo T. Retained platinum uptake and indifference to p53 status make novel transplatinum agents active in platinum-resistant cells compared to cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:963-73. [PMID: 22333583 DOI: 10.4161/cc.11.5.19447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of platinum-containing drugs in the treatment of solid tumors, acquired resistance remains a major obstacle. We previously identified a group of novel transplanaramine or transplatinum compounds based on distinct activity profiles in the NCI-60 panel. In the present study, parental KB-3.1 cells with wild-type p53 and its cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-resistant sublines harboring mutant p53 proteins were used to contrast several transplatinum compounds with cisplatin and oxaliplatin. The transplatinum compounds retained cytotoxic activity in the resistant cell lines. While intracellular accumulation and DNA platination of cisplatin and oxaliplatin was decreased in the resistant cells, the transplatinum compounds both accumulated intracellularly and platinated DNA at comparable levels in all cell lines. Cytoflow analysis confirmed that cisplatin and oxaliplatin alter the cell cycle distribution and result in apoptosis; however, at comparably toxic concentrations, the transplatinum compounds did not alter the cell cycle distribution. Analysis of the cytoplasmic fraction treated with acetone showed that cisplatin and oxaliplatin readily bound to macromolecules in the pellet, whereas a larger percentage of the transplatinum compounds remained in the supernatant. We concluded that, distinct from platinum compounds currently in use, transplatinum compounds accumulate intracellularly in resistant cells at levels comparable to those in drug-sensitive cells, do not affect the cell cycle and thus retain cytotoxicity independent of p53 status and likely have cytoplasmic targets that are important in their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Murphy
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Gaspar VM, Correia IJ, Sousa Â, Silva F, Paquete CM, Queiroz JA, Sousa F. Nanoparticle mediated delivery of pure P53 supercoiled plasmid DNA for gene therapy. J Control Release 2011; 156:212-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Yoshitake K, Tanaka S, Mogushi K, Aihara A, Murakata A, Matsumura S, Mitsunori Y, Yasen M, Ban D, Noguchi N, Irie T, Kudo A, Nakamura N, Tanaka H, Arii S. Importin-α1 as a novel prognostic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 18:2093-103. [PMID: 21286940 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-011-1569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbations in the nuclear microenvironment, including transport systems, play a critical role in malignant progression, but the nuclear import abnormalities remain unclear in hepatocarcinogenesis. We analyzed the role of importin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Gene expression profiling of the importin family was performed in HCC tissues. The significance of importin protein expression was analyzed in vitro as well as clinicopathologically. RESULTS According to the microarray profiles, the importin-α1 was dominantly overexpressed in HCC tissues as compared to the adjacent noncancerous tissues. By means of human HCC cell lines, a knockdown of importin-α1 by its siRNA greatly reduced cellular proliferation by 15.2-26.6% (P < 0.005). Immunohistochemical analysis on tissue samples demonstrated cancer-specific overexpression in 36.3% of HCCs. The overexpression of importin-α1 was correlated statistically with high levels of alfa-fetoprotein ( P = 0.0017), the tumor number (P = 0.0116), histological dedifferentiation (P = 0.0054), tumor morphology (P = 0.0433), portal vein invasion (P = 0.0007), hepatic vein invasion (P = 0.0081), Fc (P = 0.0367), Fc-inf (P = 0.0122), and the tumor, node, metastasis stage (P = 0.0026); this resulted in a significantly poorer prognosis in both overall survival (P = 0.0164) and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.0101). Multivariate analysis of recurrence-free survival revealed importin-α1 expression to be a statistically significant factor (P = 0.0361). In addition, early recurrence after curative resection was observed more frequently in the importin-α1-positive group as compared to the negative group (P = 0.0023). The multivariate analysis identified importin-α1 as the only independent predictor of early recurrence after HCC resection (odds ratio = 5.291, P = 0.0191). CONCLUSIONS Because importin-α1 might be closely associated with HCC progression, further analysis should be pursued to evaluate it as a novel prognostic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Yoshitake
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Chen L, Shao C, Cobos E, Wang JS, Gao W. 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone [corrected] induces CRM1-dependent p53 nuclear accumulation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116:206-15. [PMID: 20421341 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone [corrected] (NNK), a known tobacco-specific human lung carcinogen, is notorious for causing DNA damage. The tumor suppressor gene p53 has multiple functions in response to DNA damage. Besides being regulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), p53 function is modulated by nucleocytoplasmic shuttling factors (NSFs). In this study, the alterations of p53 protein after NNK exposure and the molecular mechanisms involved p53 PTMs and NSFs in human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B were investigated. NNK induced p53 nuclear accumulation and upregulated the expression of p21, a p53 target gene. Among the five NSFs examined, chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1), interacting with p53 and exporting p53 from nucleus to cytoplasm, was significantly downregulated after NNK exposure. Increases of p53 phosphorylation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation were found in NNK-treated cells as compared with the controls. The upregulation of p53 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation was induced by the enhanced expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 after NNK exposure. Collectively, p53 went through PTMs in response to DNA damage, and the modified p53 had a tendency for nuclear accumulation, which could result from CRM1 downregulation. Consequently, the activation of p53 led to subsequent induction of its downstream targets. These data could facilitate the better understanding of chemical carcinogenesis induced by NNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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