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Vaquero J, Pavy A, Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Meredith M, Arbelaiz A, Fouassier L. Genetic alterations shaping tumor response to anti-EGFR therapies. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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2
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Lee C, Kim M, Kim DW, Kim TM, Kim S, Im SW, Jeon YK, Keam B, Ku JL, Heo DS. Acquired Resistance Mechanism of EGFR Kinase Domain Duplication to EGFR TKIs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2022; 54:140-149. [PMID: 33940786 PMCID: PMC8756122 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase domain duplication (EGFR-KDD) is a rare and poorly understood oncogenic mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to investigate the acquired resistance mechanism of EGFR-KDD against EGFR-TKIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified EGFR-KDD in tumor tissue obtained from a patient with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma and established the patient-derived cell line SNU-4784. We also established several EGFR-KDD Ba/F3 cell lines: EGFR-KDD wild type (EGFR-KDDWT), EGFR-KDD domain 1 T790M (EGFR-KDDD1T), EGFR-KDD domain 2 T790M (EGFR-KDDD2T), and EGFR-KDD both domain T790M (EGFR-KDDBDT). We treated the cells with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and performed cell viability assays, immunoblot assays, and ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea) mutagenesis screening. RESULTS In cell viability assays, SNU-4784 cells and EGFR-KDDWT Ba/F3 cells were sensitive to 2nd generation and 3rd generation EGFR TKIs. In contrast, the T790M-positive EGFR-KDD Ba/F3 cell lines (EGFR-KDDT790M) were only sensitive to 3rd generation EGFR TKIs. In ENU mutagenesis screening, we identified the C797S mutation in kinase domain 2 of EGFR-KDDBDT Ba/F3 cells. Based on this finding, we established an EGFR-KDD domain 1 T790M/domain 2 cis-T790M+C797S (EGFR-KDDT/T+C) Ba/F3 model, which was resistant to EGFR TKIs and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody combined with EGFR TKIs. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that the T790M mutation in EGFR-KDD confers resistance to 1st and 2nd generation EGFR TKIs, but is sensitive to 3rd generation EGFR TKIs. In addition, we identified that the C797S mutation in kinase domain 2 of EGFR-KDDT790M mediates a resistance mechanism against 3rd generation EGFR TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaelin Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sun-Wha Im
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Dae Seog Heo
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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Koseska A, Bastiaens PI. Processing Temporal Growth Factor Patterns by an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Network Dynamically Established in Space. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:359-383. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-013020-103810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogenic epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase whose sensitivity and response to growth factor signals that vary over time and space determine cellular behavior within a developing tissue. The molecular reorganization of the receptors on the plasma membrane and the enzyme-kinetic mechanisms of phosphorylation are key determinants that couple growth factor binding to EGFR signaling. To enable signal initiation and termination while simultaneously accounting for suppression of aberrant signaling, a coordinated coupling of EGFR kinase and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity is established through space by vesicular dynamics. The dynamical operation mode of this network enables not only time-varying growth factor sensing but also adaptation of the response depending on cellular context. By connecting spatially coupled enzymatic kinase/phosphatase processes and the corresponding dynamical systems description of the EGFR network, we elaborate on the general principles necessary for processing complex growth factor signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Koseska
- Lise Meitner Group Cellular Computations and Learning, Centre of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philippe I.H. Bastiaens
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Zhao M, Yin M, Kuick CH, Chen H, Aw SJ, Merchant K, Ng EHQ, Gunaratne S, Loh AHP, Gu W, Tang H, Chang KTE. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma is characterised by kinase mutations including EGFR internal tandem duplications, the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion, and the rare KLHL7-BRAF fusion. Histopathology 2020; 77:611-621. [PMID: 32590884 DOI: 10.1111/his.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is histologically classified into classic, cellular and mixed subtypes. The aims of this study were to characterise the clinical, pathological and molecular features of a series of CMNs, and to determine the utility of pan-Trk and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immunohistochemistry as surrogate markers for NTRK gene fusions and EGFR internal tandem duplications (ITDs). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two archival CMN cases (12 classic, five cellular, and five mixed) were tested for the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion and EGFR ITD transcripts by the use of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and next-generation sequencing-based anchored multiplex PCR. All 12 classic CMNs had EGFR ITD. Of the five cellular CMNs, four had the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion and one had the KLHL7-BRAF fusion. Of the five mixed CMNs, four had EGFR ITD, and one had the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. Pan-Trk immunoreactivity was 100% sensitive and 94.1% specific for the presence of NTRK rearrangement. However, EGFR staining was only 62.5% sensitive and 33.3% specific for EGFR ITD. CONCLUSIONS EGFR ITD is a consistent genetic event in classic CMN. A majority of cellular CMNs have the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. Rare cellular CMNs may harbour non-canonical mutations such as the KLHL7-BRAF fusion, which was found in one case. Mixed CMNs may have either EGFR ITD or the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. Pan-Trk immunohistochemistry is a sensitive, albeit not perfectly specific, marker for NTRK rearrangement. EGFR immunohistochemistry is not helpful as a marker of EGFR ITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minzhi Yin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Chik Hong Kuick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Huiyi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sze Jet Aw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Khurshid Merchant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eileen Hui Qi Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Amos Hong Pheng Loh
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongfeng Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kenneth Tou En Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Chen D, Li XL, Wu B, Zheng XB, Wang WX, Chen HF, Dong YY, Xu CW, Fang MY. A Novel Oncogenic Driver in a Lung Adenocarcinoma Patient Harboring an EGFR-KDD and Response to Afatinib. Front Oncol 2020; 10:867. [PMID: 32656077 PMCID: PMC7325976 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oncogenic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occur frequently in patients with lung cancer. These mutations may serve as critical predictive biomarkers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among them, EGFR exon 18–25 kinase domain duplication (EGFR-KDD) mutations have been identified as a novel EGFR gene subtype in NSCLC. Case Presentation: We reported a rare case of a 59-year-old male diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. A biopsy revealed an EGFR-KDD identified by the next generation sequencing (NGS). Effective treatment outcome has been observed after administration with afatinib. Conclusion: This case highlights that comprehensive NGS technique is valuable in detecting novel genetic mutations in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xing-Liang Li
- Department of Tumor Molecular Laboratory, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zheng
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xian Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Fei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yi-Yu Dong
- Department of Tumor Molecular Laboratory, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chun-Wei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mei-Yu Fang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Zhu YC, Wang WX, Xu CW, Tan QH, Li JY, Zhuang W, Song ZB, Du KQ, Chen G, Lv TF, Song Y. Lung adenocarcinoma patient with an EGFR kinase domain duplication (KDD) and the response to icotinib. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:E359-E363. [PMID: 29997994 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.04.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You-Cai Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Wen-Xian Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Chun-Wei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Qing-He Tan
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Jian-Ying Li
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Wu Zhuang
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Zheng-Bo Song
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Kai-Qi Du
- Department of Thoracic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Tang-Feng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
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7
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Activation of the EGF Receptor by Ligand Binding and Oncogenic Mutations: The "Rotation Model". Cells 2017; 6:cells6020013. [PMID: 28574446 PMCID: PMC5492017 DOI: 10.3390/cells6020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays vital roles in cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, motility, and differentiation. The dysregulated activation of the receptor is often implicated in human cancers. EGFR is synthesized as a single-pass transmembrane protein, which consists of an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular kinase domain separated by a single transmembrane domain. The receptor is activated by a variety of polypeptide ligands such as epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor α. It has long been thought that EGFR is activated by ligand-induced dimerization of the receptor monomer, which brings intracellular kinase domains into close proximity for trans-autophosphorylation. An increasing number of diverse studies, however, demonstrate that EGFR is present as a pre-formed, yet inactive, dimer prior to ligand binding. Furthermore, recent progress in structural studies has provided insight into conformational changes during the activation of a pre-formed EGFR dimer. Upon ligand binding to the extracellular domain of EGFR, its transmembrane domains rotate or twist parallel to the plane of the cell membrane, resulting in the reorientation of the intracellular kinase domain dimer from a symmetric inactive configuration to an asymmetric active form (the “rotation model”). This model is also able to explain how oncogenic mutations activate the receptor in the absence of the ligand, without assuming that the mutations induce receptor dimerization. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the ligand-induced activation of the preformed EGFR dimer, as well as how oncogenic mutations constitutively activate the receptor dimer, based on the rotation model.
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8
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Durable Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in a Lung Cancer Patient Harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tandem Kinase Domain Duplication. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 10:e97-9. [PMID: 26398831 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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9
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Kemper K, Krijgsman O, Kong X, Cornelissen-Steijger P, Shahrabi A, Weeber F, van der Velden DL, Bleijerveld OB, Kuilman T, Kluin RJC, Sun C, Voest EE, Ju YS, Schumacher TNM, Altelaar AFM, McDermott U, Adams DJ, Blank CU, Haanen JB, Peeper DS. BRAF(V600E) Kinase Domain Duplication Identified in Therapy-Refractory Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenografts. Cell Rep 2016; 16:263-277. [PMID: 27320919 PMCID: PMC4929150 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic landscape of melanoma is improving rapidly. Targeted inhibitors show promising results, but drug resistance often limits durable clinical responses. There is a need for in vivo systems that allow for mechanistic drug resistance studies and (combinatorial) treatment optimization. Therefore, we established a large collection of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), derived from BRAFV600E, NRASQ61, or BRAFWT/NRASWT melanoma metastases prior to treatment with BRAF inhibitor and after resistance had occurred. Taking advantage of PDXs as a limitless source, we screened tumor lysates for resistance mechanisms. We identified a BRAFV600E protein harboring a kinase domain duplication (BRAFV600E/DK) in ∼10% of the cases, both in PDXs and in an independent patient cohort. While BRAFV600E/DK depletion restored sensitivity to BRAF inhibition, a pan-RAF dimerization inhibitor effectively eliminated BRAFV600E/DK-expressing cells. These results illustrate the utility of this PDX platform and warrant clinical validation of BRAF dimerization inhibitors for this group of melanoma patients. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) platform comprises 89 metastatic melanoma tumors Platform includes several pre-vemurafenib and vemurafenib-resistant PDXs Duplication of the BRAFV600E kinase domain is identified as a resistance mechanism Pan-RAF dimerization inhibitor LY3009120 eliminates melanoma cells with this duplication
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Kemper
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paulien Cornelissen-Steijger
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aida Shahrabi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur Weeber
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne L van der Velden
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Onno B Bleijerveld
- Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Kuilman
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roel J C Kluin
- Central Genomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chong Sun
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emile E Voest
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Young Seok Ju
- Cancer Genome Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ton N M Schumacher
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A F Maarten Altelaar
- Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Christian U Blank
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John B Haanen
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Peeper
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Raval SH, Singh RD, Joshi DV, Patel HB, Mody SK. Recent developments in receptor tyrosine kinases targeted anticancer therapy. Vet World 2016; 9:80-90. [PMID: 27051190 PMCID: PMC4819356 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.80-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel concepts and understanding of receptors lead to discoveries and optimization of many small molecules and antibodies as anti-cancerous drugs. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are such a promising class of receptors under the investigation in past three decades. RTKs are one of the essential mediators of cell signaling mechanism for various cellular processes. Transformations such as overexpression, dysregulation, or mutations of RTKs may result into malignancy, and thus are an important target for anticancer therapy. Numerous subfamilies of RTKs, such as epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptors, insulin-like growth factor receptor, and hepatocyte growth factor receptor, have been being investigated in recent years as target for anticancer therapy. The present review focuses several small molecules drugs as well as monoclonal antibodies targeting aforesaid subfamilies either approved or under investigation to treat the various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir H. Raval
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - Ratn D. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - Dilip V. Joshi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitesh B. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailesh K. Mody
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha - 385 506, Gujarat, India
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Gallant JN, Sheehan JH, Shaver TM, Bailey M, Lipson D, Chandramohan R, Red Brewer M, York SJ, Kris MG, Pietenpol JA, Ladanyi M, Miller VA, Ali SM, Meiler J, Lovly CM. EGFR Kinase Domain Duplication (EGFR-KDD) Is a Novel Oncogenic Driver in Lung Cancer That Is Clinically Responsive to Afatinib. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:1155-63. [PMID: 26286086 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oncogenic EGFR mutations are found in 10% to 35% of lung adenocarcinomas. Such mutations, which present most commonly as small in-frame deletions in exon 19 or point mutations in exon 21 (L858R), confer sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). In analyzing the tumor from a 33-year-old male never-smoker, we identified a novel EGFR alteration in lung cancer: EGFR exon 18-25 kinase domain duplication (EGFR-KDD). Through analysis of a larger cohort of tumor samples, we detected additional cases of EGFR-KDD in lung, brain, and other cancers. In vitro, EGFR-KDD is constitutively active, and computational modeling provides potential mechanistic support for its auto-activation. EGFR-KDD-transformed cells are sensitive to EGFR TKIs and, consistent with these in vitro findings, the index patient had a partial response to the EGFR TKI afatinib. The patient eventually progressed, at which time resequencing revealed an EGFR-dependent mechanism of acquired resistance to afatinib, thereby validating EGFR-KDD as a driver alteration and therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE We identified oncogenic and drug-sensitive EGFR-KDD that is recurrent in lung, brain, and soft-tissue cancers and documented that a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma harboring the EGFR-KDD derived significant antitumor response from treatment with the EGFR inhibitor afatinib. Findings from these studies will be immediately translatable, as there are already several approved EGFR inhibitors in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Nicolas Gallant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan H Sheehan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy M Shaver
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark Bailey
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Doron Lipson
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Raghu Chandramohan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Monica Red Brewer
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sally J York
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark G Kris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer A Pietenpol
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Siraj M Ali
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jens Meiler
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine M Lovly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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12
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Li S, Guo W, Gao Y, Liu Y. Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits growth of glioblastoma multiforme through mTor. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2607-12. [PMID: 25431263 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Being the most malignant primary brain tumor in humans, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a fairly poor patient survival after current combined treatment with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) has been reported to have a therapeutic effect on some tumors, and we recently reported its inhibitory effect on GBM growth in vitro and in vivo, possibly through an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. Here, using specific inhibitors, we found that the activation of EGFR signaling promoted GBM growth through PI3k/Akt/mTor signaling pathways. Moreover, GRh2 efficiently inhibited activation of this pathway at the receptor level. Together with our previous findings, these data suggest that GRh2 may suppress GBM growth through its competition with EGFR ligands for binding to the EGFR, and binding to EGFR by GRh2 does not lead to receptor phosphorylation. Thus, our data highlight a previous unappreciated role for GRh2 to inhibit EGFR signaling. GRh2 thus appears to be a promising therapy for cancers that require EGFR signaling to growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhaojie, Shenyang, 110004, China,
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Chen J, Huang Q, Wang F. Inhibition of FoxO1 nuclear exclusion prevents metastasis of glioblastoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7195-200. [PMID: 24771221 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans, with extremely poor patient survival. Although previous studies have demonstrated that expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in glioblastoma promotes cancer metastasis, the upstream molecular signaling cascades that control activation of MMP9 remain largely unknown. Here, we used a human glioblastoma line, A-172, to examine molecular signaling to activate MMP9. We found that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in A-172 cells activated MMP9, resulting in an increase in cancer invasiveness. A specific inhibitor for EGFR efficiently blocked EGF-induced activation of MMP9 and then cancer invasiveness. Moreover, an inhibitor for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3 K)/protein kinase B (Akt) significantly inhibited the EGF-induced activation of MMP9. Furthermore, nuclear exclusion of a major Akt downstream target, Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), was induced by Akt activation, which could be inhibited by either an EGFR inhibitor or by PI-3 K/Akt inhibitor. An expression of a constitutive nuclear form of FoxO1 significantly inhibited MMP9 activation induced by EGF. Taken together, these findings suggest that EGF/EGFR signaling activates downstream PI-3 K/Akt to induce FoxO1 nuclear exclusion, which activates MMP9 to promote glioblastoma invasiveness. Thus, FoxO1 appears to be a novel therapeutic target for inhibiting metastasis of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Neurosurgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Li S, Gao Y, Ma W, Guo W, Zhou G, Cheng T, Liu Y. EGFR signaling-dependent inhibition of glioblastoma growth by ginsenoside Rh2. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5593-8. [PMID: 24557544 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans, accounting for 52 % of all functional tissue brain tumor cases and 20 % of all intracranial tumors. The typical treatment involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, whereas it still achieves fairly poor patient survival. Ginsenoside Rh2 has been reported to have a therapeutic effect on some tumors, but its effect on glioblastoma has not been extensively evaluated. Here, we show that ginsenoside Rh2 can substantially inhibit the growth of glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model. Moreover, the inhibition of the tumor growth appears to result from combined effects on decreased tumor cell proliferation and increased tumor cell apoptosis. Further analyses suggest that ginsenoside Rh2 may have its antiglioblastoma effect through inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in tumor cells. In a lose-of-function experiment, recombinant EGFR was given together with ginsenoside Rh2 to the tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, which completely blocked the antitumor effects of ginsenoside Rh2. Thus, our data not only reveal an anti-glioblastoma effect of ginsenoside Rh2 but also demonstrate that this effect may function via inhibition of EGFR signaling in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhaojie, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China,
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15
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Polanovski OL, Lebedenko EN, Deyev SM. ERBB oncogene proteins as targets for monoclonal antibodies. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:227-45. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Zhang Z, Stiegler AL, Boggon TJ, Kobayashi S, Halmos B. EGFR-mutated lung cancer: a paradigm of molecular oncology. Oncotarget 2011; 1:497-514. [PMID: 21165163 PMCID: PMC3001953 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors for clinical use in non-small cell lung cancer and the subsequent discovery of activating EGFR mutations have led to an explosion of knowledge in the fields of EGFR biology, targeted therapeutics and lung cancer research. EGFR-mutated adenocarcinoma of the lung has clearly emerged as a unique clinical entity necessitating the routine introduction of molecular diagnostics into our current diagnostic algorithms and leading to the evidence-based preferential usage of EGFR-targeted agents for patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers. This review will summarize our current understanding of the functional role of activating mutations, key downstream signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms, pivotal primary and acquired resistance mechanisms, structure-function relationships and ultimately the incorporation of molecular diagnostics and small molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors into our current treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Pines G, Köstler WJ, Yarden Y. Oncogenic mutant forms of EGFR: lessons in signal transduction and targets for cancer therapy. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:2699-706. [PMID: 20388509 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The EGF-receptor is frequently mutated in a large variety of tumors. Here we review the most frequent mutations and conclude that they commonly enhance the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, or they represent loss-of-function of suppressive regulatory domains. Interestingly, the constitutive activity of mutant receptors translates to downstream pathways, which are subtly different from those stimulated by the wild-type receptor. Cancer drugs intercepting EGFR signaling have already entered clinical application. Both kinase inhibitors specific to EGFR, and monoclonal antibodies to the receptor are described, along with experimental approaches targeting the HSP90 chaperone. Deeper understanding of signaling pathways downstream to mutant receptors will likely improve the outcome of current EGFR-targeted therapies, as well as help develop new drugs and combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gur Pines
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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