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Malpeli G, Barbi S, Innamorati G, Alloggio M, Filippini F, Decimo I, Castelli C, Perris R, Bencivenga M. Landscape of Druggable Molecular Pathways Downstream of Genomic CDH1/Cadherin-1 Alterations in Gastric Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122006. [PMID: 36556227 PMCID: PMC9784514 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of CDH1/Cadherin-1 is a common step towards the acquisition of an abnormal epithelial phenotype. In gastric cancer (GC), mutation and/or downregulation of CDH1/Cadherin-1 is recurrent in sporadic and hereditary diffuse GC type. To approach the molecular events downstream of CDH1/Cadherin-1 alterations and their relevance in gastric carcinogenesis, we queried public databases for genetic and DNA methylation data in search of molecular signatures with a still-uncertain role in the pathological mechanism of GC. In all GC subtypes, modulated genes correlating with CDH1/Cadherin-1 aberrations are associated with stem cell and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways. A higher level of genes upregulated in CDH1-mutated GC cases is associated with reduced overall survival. In the diffuse GC (DGC) subtype, genes downregulated in CDH1-mutated compared to cases with wild type CDH1/Cadherin-1 resulted in being strongly intertwined with the DREAM complex. The inverse correlation between hypermethylated CpGs and CDH1/Cadherin-1 transcription in diverse subtypes implies a common epigenetic program. We identified nonredundant protein-encoding isoforms of 22 genes among those differentially expressed in GC compared to normal stomach. These unique proteins represent potential agents involved in cell transformation and candidate therapeutic targets. Meanwhile, drug-induced and CDH1/Cadherin-1 mutation-related gene expression comparison predicts FIT, GR-127935 hydrochloride, amiodarone hydrochloride in GC and BRD-K55722623, BRD-K13169950, and AY 9944 in DGC as the most effective treatments, providing cues for the design of combined pharmacological treatments. By integrating genetic and epigenetic aspects with their expected functional outcome, we unveiled promising targets for combinatorial pharmacological treatments of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Malpeli
- Department of Surgical, Odontostomatologic, Maternal and Child Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Barbi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Innamorati
- Department of Surgical, Odontostomatologic, Maternal and Child Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mariella Alloggio
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, Department and of Surgical, Odontostomatologic, Maternal and Child Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Filippini
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, Department and of Surgical, Odontostomatologic, Maternal and Child Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Decimo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Castelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Perris
- Department of Biosciences, COMT-Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Bencivenga
- General and Upper GI Surgery Division, Department and of Surgical, Odontostomatologic, Maternal and Child Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Gurung SK, Kumari S, Dana S, Mandal K, Sen S, Mukhopadhyay P, Mondal N. DNA damage, cell cycle perturbation and cell death by naphthalene diimide derivative in gastric cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 358:109881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Rabben HL, Andersen GT, Ianevski A, Olsen MK, Kainov D, Grønbech JE, Wang TC, Chen D, Zhao CM. Computational Drug Repositioning and Experimental Validation of Ivermectin in Treatment of Gastric Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:625991. [PMID: 33867984 PMCID: PMC8044519 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.625991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was repositioning of ivermectin in treatment of gastric cancer (GC) by computational prediction based on gene expression profiles of human and mouse model of GC and validations with in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. Methods: Computational drug repositioning was performed using connectivity map (cMap) and data/pathway mining with the Ingenuity Knowledge Base. Tissue samples of GC were collected from 16 patients and 57 mice for gene expression profiling. Additional seven independent datasets of gene expression of human GC from the TCGA database were used for validation. In silico testing was performed by constructing interaction networks of ivermectin and the downstream effects in targeted signaling pathways. In vitro testing was carried out in human GC cell lines (MKN74 and KATO-III). In vivo testing was performed in a transgenic mouse model of GC (INS-GAS mice). Results: GC gene expression “signature” and data/pathway mining but not cMAP revealed nine molecular targets of ivermectin in both human and mouse GC associated with WNT/β-catenin signaling as well as cell proliferation pathways. In silico inhibition of the targets of ivermectin and concomitant activation of ivermectin led to the inhibition of WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in “dose-depended” manner. In vitro, ivermectin inhibited cell proliferation in time- and concentration-depended manners, and cells were arrested in the G1 phase at IC50 and shifted to S phase arrest at >IC50. In vivo, ivermectin reduced the tumor size which was associated with inactivation of WNT/β-catenin signaling and cell proliferation pathways and activation of cell death signaling pathways. Conclusion: Ivermectin could be recognized as a repositioning candidate in treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne-Line Rabben
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,The Central Norway Regional Health Authority (RHA), Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Gøran Troseth Andersen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aleksandr Ianevski
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus Kringstad Olsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Denis Kainov
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jon Erik Grønbech
- Surgical Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timothy Cragin Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Duan Chen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chun-Mei Zhao
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,The Central Norway Regional Health Authority (RHA), Stjørdal, Norway
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4
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Downregulation of c-Myc and p21 expression and induction of S phase arrest by naphthalene diimide derivative in gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 304:106-123. [PMID: 30840857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivatives have been shown to exhibit promising antineoplastic properties. In the current study, we assessed the anticancer and anti-bacterial properties of di-substituted NDI derivative. The naphthalene-bis-hydrazimide, 1, negatively affected the cell viability of three cancer cell lines (AGS, HeLa and PC3) and induced S phase cell cycle arrest along with SubG0/G1 accumulation. Amongst three cell lines, gastric cancer cell line, AGS, showed the highest sensitivity towards the NDI derivative 1. Compound 1 induced extensive DNA double strand breaks causing p53 activation leading to transcription of p53 target gene p21 in AGS cells. Reduction in protein levels of p21 and BRCA1 suggested that 1 treated AGS cells underwent cell death due to accumulation of DNA damage as a result of impaired DNA damage repair. β-catenin downregulation and consequently decrease in levels of c-Myc may have led to 1 induced AGS cell proliferation inhibition.1 induced AGS cell S phase arrest was mediated through CylinA/CDK2 downregulation. The possible mechanisms involved in anticancer activity of 1 includes ROS upregulation, induction of DNA damage, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential causing ATP depletion, inhibition of cell proliferation and downregulation of antiapoptotic factors ultimately leading to mitochondria mediated apoptosis. Further compound 1 also inhibited H. pylori proliferation as well as H. pylori induced morphological changes in AGS cells. These findings suggest that NDI derivative 1 exhibits two-pronged anticancer activity, one by directly inhibiting cancer cell growth and inducing apoptosis and the other by inhibiting H. pylori.
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Li FQ, Chiriboga L, Black MA, Takemaru KI, Raffaniello RD. Chibby is a weak regulator of β-catenin activity in gastric epithelium. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1871-1879. [PMID: 30063079 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway is important in normal development. Mutations in β-catenin or proteins involved with regulating its phosphorylation or localization result in its nuclear accumulation where it activates its target genes and stimulates cell proliferation. This pathway is dysregulated in many different types of cancer, including gastric cancer (GC). Chibby (Cby) is a 14-kDa protein that inhibits β-catenin localization to the nucleus and represses β-catenin-induced transcriptional activity. In the current study, we examined the expression and function of Cby in normal and cancerous human gastric tissue. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry revealed that Cby is expressed in human stomach and localized to glandular elements. Immunohistochemical staining intensity of Cby was decreased in GC tissue when compared with normal gastric epithelium. In AGS cells, a human gastric carcinoma cell line, Cby expression was low. Stable AGS cell transfectants overexpressing Cby were prepared. Cby overexpression did not affect proliferation rates or β-catenin levels. However, confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation studies revealed that Cby overexpression resulted in a small decrease in nuclear β-catenin. Moreover, Cby overexpression caused a molecular weight shift in nuclear β-catenin and resulted in decreased β-catenin signaling in AGS cells as measured by the TopFlash assay. However, Cby overexpression did not affect c-Myc protein levels. To conclude, Cby expression was decreased in GC samples and Cby expression altered β-catenin localization in cultured GC cells. However, Cby did not affect cell proliferation rates or β-catenin-induced protein expression. Cby may be involved in the early events in the pathogenesis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Margaret A Black
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Ken-Ichi Takemaru
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Robert D Raffaniello
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, School of Arts and Sciences, New York
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6
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Flobak Å, Baudot A, Remy E, Thommesen L, Thieffry D, Kuiper M, Lægreid A. Discovery of Drug Synergies in Gastric Cancer Cells Predicted by Logical Modeling. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004426. [PMID: 26317215 PMCID: PMC4567168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery of efficient anti-cancer drug combinations is a major challenge, since experimental testing of all possible combinations is clearly impossible. Recent efforts to computationally predict drug combination responses retain this experimental search space, as model definitions typically rely on extensive drug perturbation data. We developed a dynamical model representing a cell fate decision network in the AGS gastric cancer cell line, relying on background knowledge extracted from literature and databases. We defined a set of logical equations recapitulating AGS data observed in cells in their baseline proliferative state. Using the modeling software GINsim, model reduction and simulation compression techniques were applied to cope with the vast state space of large logical models and enable simulations of pairwise applications of specific signaling inhibitory chemical substances. Our simulations predicted synergistic growth inhibitory action of five combinations from a total of 21 possible pairs. Four of the predicted synergies were confirmed in AGS cell growth real-time assays, including known effects of combined MEK-AKT or MEK-PI3K inhibitions, along with novel synergistic effects of combined TAK1-AKT or TAK1-PI3K inhibitions. Our strategy reduces the dependence on a priori drug perturbation experimentation for well-characterized signaling networks, by demonstrating that a model predictive of combinatorial drug effects can be inferred from background knowledge on unperturbed and proliferating cancer cells. Our modeling approach can thus contribute to preclinical discovery of efficient anticancer drug combinations, and thereby to development of strategies to tailor treatment to individual cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsmund Flobak
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anaïs Baudot
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, UMR 7373, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Remy
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, I2M, UMR 7373, Marseille, France
| | - Liv Thommesen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Technology, Sør-Trøndelag University College, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Denis Thieffry
- Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, France
- INSERM U1024, Paris, France
| | - Martin Kuiper
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Lægreid
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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7
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Nencini A, Pratelli C, Quinn JM, Salerno M, Tunici P, De Robertis A, Valensin S, Mennillo F, Rossi M, Bakker A, Benicchi T, Cappelli F, Turlizzi E, Nibbio M, Caradonna NP, Zanelli U, Andreini M, Magnani M, Varrone M. Structure–activity relationship and properties optimization of a series of Quinazoline-2,4-diones as inhibitors of the canonical Wnt pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:526-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Quantitative analysis of the TNF-α-induced phosphoproteome reveals AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC as an IKKβ substrate. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6658. [PMID: 25849741 PMCID: PMC4396366 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of the nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) complex is a key regulator of the canonical NF-κB signalling cascade and is crucial for fundamental cellular functions, including stress and immune responses. The majority of IKK complex functions are attributed to NF-κB activation; however, there is increasing evidence for NF-κB pathway-independent signalling. Here we combine quantitative mass spectrometry with random forest bioinformatics to dissect the TNF-α-IKKβ-induced phosphoproteome in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In total, we identify over 20,000 phosphorylation sites, of which ∼1% are regulated up on TNF-α stimulation. We identify various potential novel IKKβ substrates including kinases and regulators of cellular trafficking. Moreover, we show that one of the candidates, AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC, is directly phosphorylated by IKKβ on serine 298. We provide evidence that IKKβ-mediated AEG-1 phosphorylation is essential for IκBα degradation as well as NF-κB-dependent gene expression and cell proliferation, which correlate with cancer patient survival in vivo. Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α influence inflammation, apoptosis and tumour development through regulation of the kinase IKKβ. Krishnan and Nolte et al. apply quantitative proteomics to identify potential IKKβ targets, and reveal phosphorylation of AEG-1 by IKKβ as a mechanism controlling NF-κB signalling.
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9
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Periasamy J, Muthuswami M, Rao DB, Tan P, Ganesan K. Stratification and delineation of gastric cancer signaling by in vitro transcription factor activity profiling and integrative genomics. Cell Signal 2014; 26:880-94. [PMID: 24462706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrative functional genomic approaches are helpful in delineating the complex dysregulations in cancers. In the present study, in vitro activity profiling of 45 signaling pathway driven transcription factors in eight gastric cancer cell lines and direct comparison with genome-wide profiles of gastric tumors were performed and the integration resulted in the identification of three categories of factors/pathways: i) highly activated signaling pathways that stem from mutations are the critical oncogenic drivers, ii) constitutively activated stress responsive pathways which are activated not due to genetic alterations, and iii) consistently down-regulated nuclear receptor responsive factors. This functional profiling helps in discriminating therapeutic targets and signaling interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaprakash Periasamy
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Muthulakshmi Muthuswami
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Divya Bhaskar Rao
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Patrick Tan
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore
| | - Kumaresan Ganesan
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
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Kuo PY, Leshchenko VV, Fazzari MJ, Perumal D, Gellen T, He T, Iqbal J, Baumgartner-Wennerholm S, Nygren L, Zhang F, Zhang W, Suh KS, Goy A, Yang DT, Chan WC, Kahl BS, Verma AK, Gascoyne RD, Kimby E, Sander B, Ye BH, Melnick AM, Parekh S. High-resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing reveals novel binding targets and prognostic role for SOX11 in mantle cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2014; 34:1231-40. [PMID: 24681958 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex determining region Y-box 11 (SOX11) expression is specific for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) as compared with other non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. However, the function and direct-binding targets of SOX11 in MCL are largely unknown. We used high-resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to identify the direct target genes of SOX11 in a genome-wide, unbiased manner and elucidate its functional significance. Pathway analysis identified WNT, PKA and TGF-beta signaling pathways as significantly enriched by SOX11-target genes. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and promoter reporter assays confirmed that SOX11 directly binds to individual genes and modulates their transcription activities in these pathways in MCL. Functional studies using RNA interference demonstrate that SOX11 directly regulates WNT in MCL. We analyzed SOX11 expression in three independent well-annotated tissue microarrays from the University of Wisconsin (UW), Karolinska Institute and British Columbia Cancer Agency. Our findings suggest that high SOX11 expression is associated with improved survival in a subset of MCL patients, particularly those treated with intensive chemotherapy. Transcriptional regulation of WNT and other biological pathways affected by SOX11-target genes may help explain the impact of SOX11 expression on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-Y Kuo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - V V Leshchenko
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M J Fazzari
- 1] Department of Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - D Perumal
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - T Gellen
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - T He
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Baumgartner-Wennerholm
- Department of Medicine, Center for Haematology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Nygren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Zhang
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - K S Suh
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - A Goy
- Genomics and Biomarkers Program, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - D T Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W-C Chan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - B S Kahl
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, and The UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A K Verma
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - R D Gascoyne
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E Kimby
- Department of Medicine, Center for Haematology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Sander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B H Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A M Melnick
- 1] Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Parekh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Friedmann-Morvinski D, Verma IM. Dedifferentiation and reprogramming: origins of cancer stem cells. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:244-53. [PMID: 24531722 DOI: 10.1002/embr.201338254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to replace the lost or damaged cells in the human body through a new source of healthy transplanted cells or by endogenous repair. Although human embryonic stem cells were first thought to be the ideal source for cell therapy and tissue repair in humans, the discovery by Yamanaka and colleagues revolutionized the field. Almost any differentiated cell can be sent back in time to a pluripotency state by expressing the appropriate transcription factors. The process of somatic reprogramming using Yamanaka factors, many of which are oncogenes, offers a glimpse into how cancer stem cells may originate. In this review we discuss the similarities between tumor dedifferentiation and somatic cell reprogramming and how this may pose a risk to the application of this new technology in regenerative medicine.
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12
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Leucht P, Jiang J, Cheng D, Liu B, Dhamdhere G, Fang MY, Monica SD, Urena JJ, Cole W, Smith LR, Castillo AB, Longaker MT, Helms JA. Wnt3a reestablishes osteogenic capacity to bone grafts from aged animals. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013; 95:1278-88. [PMID: 23864176 PMCID: PMC3748990 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.l.01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related fatty degeneration of the bone marrow contributes to delayed fracture-healing and osteoporosis-related fractures in the elderly. The mechanisms underlying this fatty change are unknown, but they may relate to the level of Wnt signaling within the aged marrow cavity. METHODS Transgenic mice were used in conjunction with a syngeneic bone-graft model to follow the fates of cells involved in the engraftment. Immunohistochemistry along with quantitative assays were used to evaluate Wnt signaling and adipogenic and osteogenic gene expression in bone grafts from young and aged mice. Liposomal Wnt3a protein (L-Wnt3a) was tested for its ability to restore osteogenic potential to aged bone grafts in critical-size defect models created in mice and in rabbits. Radiography, microquantitative computed tomography (micro-CT) reconstruction, histology, and histomorphometric measurements were used to quantify bone-healing resulting from L-Wnt3a or a control substance (liposomal phosphate-buffered saline solution [L-PBS]). RESULTS Expression profiling of cells in a bone graft demonstrated a shift away from an osteogenic gene profile and toward an adipogenic one with age. This age-related adipogenic shift was accompanied by a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in Wnt signaling and a loss in osteogenic potential. In both large and small animal models, osteogenic competence was restored to aged bone grafts by a brief incubation with the stem-cell factor Wnt3a. In addition, liposomal Wnt3a significantly reduced cell death in the bone graft, resulting in significantly more osseous regenerate in comparison with controls. CONCLUSIONS Liposomal Wnt3a enhances cell survival and reestablishes the osteogenic capacity of bone grafts from aged animals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE We developed an effective, clinically applicable, regenerative medicine-based strategy for revitalizing bone grafts from aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Leucht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (P.L., L.R.S.), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering (J.J.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Du Cheng
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (D.C., B.L., G.D., M.Y.F., M.T.L., J.A.H.), Department of Surgery Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail address for J.A. Helms:
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (D.C., B.L., G.D., M.Y.F., M.T.L., J.A.H.), Department of Surgery Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail address for J.A. Helms:
| | - Girija Dhamdhere
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (D.C., B.L., G.D., M.Y.F., M.T.L., J.A.H.), Department of Surgery Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail address for J.A. Helms:
| | - Mark Yang Fang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (D.C., B.L., G.D., M.Y.F., M.T.L., J.A.H.), Department of Surgery Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail address for J.A. Helms:
| | - Stefanie D. Monica
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology (S.D.M.), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Jonathan J. Urena
- Department of Medicine (J.J.U.), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Whitney Cole
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair, and Restoration (W.C., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Lane R. Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (P.L., L.R.S.), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Alesha B. Castillo
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair, and Restoration (W.C., A.B.C.), Rehabilitation Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (D.C., B.L., G.D., M.Y.F., M.T.L., J.A.H.), Department of Surgery Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail address for J.A. Helms:
| | - Jill A. Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (D.C., B.L., G.D., M.Y.F., M.T.L., J.A.H.), Department of Surgery Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail address for J.A. Helms:
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13
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Macleod RJ. MDR-1, Bcl-xL, H. pylori, and Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the adult stomach: how much is too much? J Transl Med 2012; 92:1670-3. [PMID: 23191990 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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14
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Tye H, Kennedy CL, Najdovska M, McLeod L, McCormack W, Hughes N, Dev A, Sievert W, Ooi CH, Ishikawa TO, Oshima H, Bhathal PS, Parker AE, Oshima M, Tan P, Jenkins BJ. STAT3-driven upregulation of TLR2 promotes gastric tumorigenesis independent of tumor inflammation. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:466-78. [PMID: 23079657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is associated with chronic inflammation; however, the molecular mechanisms promoting tumorigenesis remain ill defined. Using a GC mouse model driven by hyperactivation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 oncogene, we show that STAT3 directly upregulates the epithelial expression of the inflammatory mediator Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 in gastric tumors. Genetic and therapeutic targeting of TLR2 inhibited gastric tumorigenesis, but not inflammation, characterized by reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of the gastric epithelium. Increased STAT3 pathway activation and TLR2 expression were also associated with poor GC patient survival. Collectively, our data reveal an unexpected role for TLR2 in the oncogenic function of STAT3 that may represent a therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Tye
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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15
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WNT6 is a novel target gene of caveolin-1 promoting chemoresistance to epirubicin in human gastric cancer cells. Oncogene 2012; 32:375-87. [PMID: 22370641 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle for curative treatment of human gastric cancer (GC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Wingless-type MMTV integration site family members (WNTs) are secreted glycoproteins involved in embryogenesis and, on inappropriate expression in the adult, in cancer. Here, we show expression of WNT6 in GC patient specimens, human GC cell lines and in a mouse model of GC. In human GC cells, WNT6 expression was enhanced by caveolin-1 (Cav1), a scaffold protein of plasma membrane caveolae. WNT6 knock-down and overexpression experiments demonstrated that WNT6 increased the resistance to apoptotic cell death induced by the anthracycline chemotherapeutics epirubicin (Epi) and doxorubicin (Dox). Epi increased the activity of the human WNT6 promoter through Cav1-dependent binding of β-catenin to the proximal WNT6 promoter. Epi increased both WNT6/Wnt6 and Cav1 expression in human GC cells and within the tumor area of a murine model of GC (CEA424-SV40 TAg). In GC patients, WNT6 expression was positively associated with the tumor stage and the nodal status, and inversely correlated with the response to ECF (Epi, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) chemotherapy. These results showed that WNT6 and Cav1 are upregulated by chemotherapeutics and enhance the resistance of GC cells to anthracycline drugs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving WNT6/Cav1-induced drug resistance will provide benefits in developing new therapies for GC.
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