1
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Guo X, Mu B, Zhu L, Zhuo Y, Mu P, Ren F, Lu F. Rabenosyn-5 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer metastasis via inhibiting CDC42 activity. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00813-4. [PMID: 39075137 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis, the primary cause of death in lung cancer patients, is facilitated by cytoskeleton remodeling, which plays a crucial role in cancer cell migration and invasion. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms of intracellular trafficking proteins involved in cytoskeleton remodeling remain unclear. In this study, we have identified Rabenosyn-5 (Rbsn) as an inhibitor of filopodia formation and lung cancer metastasis. Mechanistically, Rbsn interacts with CDC42 and functions as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), thereby inhibiting CDC42 activity and subsequent filopodia formation. Furthermore, we have discovered that Akt phosphorylates Rbsn at the Thr253 site, and this phosphorylation negates the inhibitory effect of Rbsn on CDC42 activity. Additionally, our analysis reveals that Rbsn expression is significantly downregulated in lung cancer, and this decrease is associated with a worse prognosis. These findings provide strong evidence supporting the role of Rbsn in suppressing lung cancer progression through the inhibition of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Guo
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Mu
- Shanghai Zhaohui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 200436, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China
- Key laboratory of Human Ethnic Specificity and Phenomics of Critical Illness in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanli Zhuo
- Department of drug inspection (II), Shenyang Institute for Food and Drug Control, 110000, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Mu
- Key laboratory of Human Ethnic Specificity and Phenomics of Critical Illness in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China.
| | - Fu Ren
- Key laboratory of Human Ethnic Specificity and Phenomics of Critical Illness in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China.
| | - Fangjin Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China.
- Shenyang Key Laboratory for Screening Biomarkers of Tumor Progression and Targeted Therapy of Tumors, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China.
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2
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He Y, Goyette MA, Chapelle J, Boufaied N, Al Rahbani J, Schonewolff M, Danek EI, Muller WJ, Labbé DP, Côté JF, Lamarche-Vane N. CdGAP is a talin-binding protein and a target of TGF-β signaling that promotes HER2-positive breast cancer growth and metastasis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112936. [PMID: 37552602 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in metastasis, which is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. Here, we show that Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein (CdGAP) promotes tumor formation and metastasis to lungs in the HER2-positive (HER2+) murine breast cancer model. CdGAP facilitates intravasation, extravasation, and growth at metastatic sites. CdGAP depletion in HER2+ murine primary tumors mediates crosstalk with a Dlc1-RhoA pathway and is associated with a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced EMT transcriptional signature. CdGAP is positively regulated by TGF-β signaling during EMT and interacts with the adaptor talin to modulate focal adhesion dynamics and integrin activation. Moreover, HER2+ breast cancer patients with high CdGAP mRNA expression combined with a high TGF-β-EMT signature are more likely to present lymph node invasion. Our results suggest CdGAP as a candidate therapeutic target for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer by inhibiting TGF-β and integrin/talin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Marie-Anne Goyette
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jennifer Chapelle
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Nadia Boufaied
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jalal Al Rahbani
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Maribel Schonewolff
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Eric I Danek
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - David P Labbé
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
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3
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CdGAP maintains podocyte function and modulates focal adhesions in a Src kinase-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18657. [PMID: 36333327 PMCID: PMC9636259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are regulators of the actin cytoskeleton and their activity is modulated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchanging factors (GEFs). Glomerular podocytes have numerous actin-based projections called foot processes and their alteration is characteristic of proteinuric kidney diseases. We reported previously that Rac1 hyperactivation in podocytes causes proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in mice. However, which GAP and GEF modulate Rac1 activity in podocytes remains unknown. Here, using a proximity-based ligation assay, we identified CdGAP (ARHGAP31) and β-PIX (ARHGEF7) as the major regulatory proteins interacting with Rac1 in human podocytes. CdGAP interacted with β-PIX through its basic region, and upon EGF stimulation, they both translocated to the plasma membrane in podocytes. CdGAP-depleted podocytes had altered cell motility and increased basal Rac1 and Cdc42 activities. When stimulated with EGF, CdGAP-depleted podocytes showed impaired β-PIX membrane-translocation and tyrosine phosphorylation, and reduced activities of Src kinase, focal adhesion kinase, and paxillin. Systemic and podocyte-specific CdGAP-knockout mice developed mild but significant proteinuria, which was exacerbated by Adriamycin. Collectively, these findings show that CdGAP contributes to maintain podocyte function and protect them from injury.
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4
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Qu M, Yu K, Rehman Aziz AU, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Li N, Liu B. The role of Actopaxin in tumor metastasis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 175:90-102. [PMID: 36150525 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Actopaxin is a newly discovered focal adhesions (FAs) protein, actin-binding protein and pseudopodia-enriched molecule. It can not only bind to a variety of FAs proteins (such as Paxillin, ILK and PINCH) and non-FAs proteins (such as TESK1, CdGAP, β2-adaptin, G3BP2, ADAR1 and CD29), but also participates in multiple signaling pathways. Thus, it plays a crucial role in regulating important processes of tumor metastasis, including matrix degradation, migration, and invasion, etc. This review covers the latest progress in the structure and function of Actopaxin, its interaction with other proteins as well as its involvement in regulating tumor development and metastasis. Additionally, the current limitations for Actopaxin related studies and the possible research directions on it in the future are also discussed. It is hoped that this review can assist relevant researchers to obtain a deep understanding of the role that Actopaxin plays in tumor progression, and also enlighten further research and development of therapeutic approaches for the treatment of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrong Qu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory for Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System of Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Kehui Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory for Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System of Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman Aziz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory for Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System of Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory for Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System of Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhengyao Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory for Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System of Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory for Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System of Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116024, China.
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5
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Fixing the GAP: the role of RhoGAPs in cancer. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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6
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The emerging roles of srGAPs in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:755-759. [PMID: 34825319 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) were initially considered as the inhibitors of cell signaling pathways because of their nature to activate the intrinsic GTPase activity of the RhoGTPases. But recent studies of dysregulated GAPs in many cancers such as glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and renal cancer have elucidated the important roles of GAPs in carcinogenesis and GAPs have been shown to perform multiple nonconventional functions in different contexts. We have discussed the recent developments in the roles played by different types of srGAPs (SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase-activating proteins) in cancer.
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7
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CdGAP promotes prostate cancer metastasis by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1042. [PMID: 34493786 PMCID: PMC8423782 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High mortality of prostate cancer patients is primarily due to metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms controlling metastatic processes remains essential to develop novel therapies designed to prevent the progression from localized disease to metastasis. CdGAP plays important roles in the control of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, which are central to cancer progression. Here we show that elevated CdGAP expression is associated with early biochemical recurrence and bone metastasis in prostate cancer patients. Knockdown of CdGAP in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells reduces cell motility, invasion, and proliferation while inducing apoptosis in CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells. Conversely, overexpression of CdGAP in DU-145, 22Rv1, and LNCaP cells increases cell migration and invasion. Using global gene expression approaches, we found that CdGAP regulates the expression of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Subcutaneous injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells into mice shows a delayed tumor initiation and attenuated tumor growth. Orthotopic injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells reduces distant metastasic burden. Collectively, these findings support a pro-oncogenic role of CdGAP in prostate tumorigenesis and unveil CdGAP as a potential biomarker and target for prostate cancer treatments. Mehra et al. investigate the role of CdGAP in early biochemical recurrence and bone metastasis in prostate cancer. The authors find that knocking down CdGAP leads to reduced cell motility, invasion and proliferation in PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells while orthotopic injection of CdGAP-depleted PC-3 cells reduces distant metastatic burden.
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8
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Luna-Velez MV, Dijkstra JJ, Heuschkel MA, Smit FP, van de Zande G, Smeets D, Sedelaar JPM, Vermeulen M, Verhaegh GW, Schalken JA. Androgen receptor signalling confers clonogenic and migratory advantages in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1882-1900. [PMID: 33797847 PMCID: PMC8253097 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) incidence is about three times higher in men compared with women. There are several indications for the involvement of hormonal factors in the aetiology of UCC. Here, we provide evidence of androgen signalling in UCC progression. Microarray and qPCR analysis revealed that the androgen receptor (AR) mRNA level is upregulated in a subset of UCC cases. In an AR‐positive UCC‐derived cell line model, UM‐UC‐3‐AR, androgen treatment increased clonogenic capacity inducing the formation of big stem cell‐like holoclones, while AR knockdown or treatment with the AR antagonist enzalutamide abrogated this clonogenic advantage. Additionally, blockage of AR signalling reduced the cell migration potential of androgen‐stimulated UM‐UC‐3‐AR cells. These phenotypic changes were accompanied by a rewiring of the transcriptome with almost 300 genes being differentially regulated by androgens, some of which correlated with AR expression in UCC patients in two independent data sets. Our results demonstrate that AR signals in UCC favouring the development of an aggressive phenotype and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Luna-Velez
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelmer J Dijkstra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marina A Heuschkel
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Guillaume van de Zande
- Department of Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique Smeets
- Department of Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J P Michiel Sedelaar
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerald W Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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9
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Maier M, Baldwin C, Aoudjit L, Takano T. The Role of Trio, a Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, in Glomerular Podocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020479. [PMID: 29415466 PMCID: PMC5855701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disease featured by heavy proteinuria. It is caused by injury to the specialized epithelial cells called “podocytes” within the filtration unit of the kidney, glomerulus. Previous studies showed that hyperactivation of the RhoGTPase, Rac1, in podocytes causes podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis (accumulation of extracellular matrix in the glomerulus). However, the mechanism by which Rac1 is activated during podocyte injury is unknown. Trio is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) known to activate Rac1. By RNA-sequencing, we found that Trio mRNA is abundantly expressed in cultured human podocytes. Trio mRNA was also significantly upregulated in humans with minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, two representative causes of nephrotic syndrome. Reduced expression of Trio in cultured human podocytes decreased basal Rac1 activity, cell size, attachment to laminin, and motility. Furthermore, while the pro-fibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor β1 increased Rac1 activity in control cells, it decreases Rac1 activity in cells with reduced Trio expression. This was likely due to simultaneous activation of the Rac1-GTPase activation protein, CdGAP. Thus, Trio is important in the basal functions of podocytes and may also contribute to glomerular pathology, such as sclerosis, via Rac1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Maier
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Cindy Baldwin
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Lamine Aoudjit
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Tomoko Takano
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
- Division of Nephrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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10
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Ben Djoudi Ouadda A, He Y, Calabrese V, Ishii H, Chidiac R, Gratton JP, Roux PP, Lamarche-Vane N. CdGAP/ARHGAP31 is regulated by RSK phosphorylation and binding to 14-3-3β adaptor protein. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11646-11664. [PMID: 29545927 PMCID: PMC5837747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein (CdGAP, also named ARHGAP31) is a negative regulator of the GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. Associated with the rare developmental disorder Adams-Oliver Syndrome (AOS), CdGAP is critical for embryonic vascular development and VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Moreover, CdGAP is an essential component in the synergistic interaction between TGFβ and ErbB-2 signaling pathways during breast cancer cell migration and invasion, and is a novel E-cadherin transcriptional co-repressor with Zeb2 in breast cancer. CdGAP is highly phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues in response to growth factors and is a substrate of ERK1/2 and GSK-3. Here, we identified Ser1093 and Ser1163 in the C-terminal region of CdGAP, which are phosphorylated by RSK in response to phorbol ester. These phospho-residues create docking sites for binding to 14-3-3 adaptor proteins. The interaction between CdGAP and 14-3-3 proteins inhibits the GAP activity of CdGAP and sequesters CdGAP into the cytoplasm. Consequently, the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of CdGAP is inhibited and CdGAP-induced cell rounding is abolished. In addition, 14-3-3β inhibits the ability of CdGAP to repress the E-cadherin promoter and to induce cell migration. Finally, we show that 14-3-3β is unable to regulate the activity and subcellular localization of the AOS-related mutant proteins lacking these phospho-residues. Altogether, we provide a novel mechanism of regulation of CdGAP activity and localization, which impacts directly on a better understanding of the role of CdGAP as a promoter of breast cancer and in the molecular causes of AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ben Djoudi Ouadda
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the MUHC, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Yi He
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the MUHC, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Viviane Calabrese
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Hidetaka Ishii
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the MUHC, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Rony Chidiac
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Department of pharmacology, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gratton
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Department of pharmacology, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the MUHC, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B2, Canada
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11
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McCormack JJ, Bruche S, Ouadda ABD, Ishii H, Lu H, Garcia-Cattaneo A, Chávez-Olórtegui C, Lamarche-Vane N, Braga VMM. The scaffold protein Ajuba suppresses CdGAP activity in epithelia to maintain stable cell-cell contacts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9249. [PMID: 28835688 PMCID: PMC5569031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of active Rac1 at epithelial junctions are partially modulated via interaction with Ajuba, an actin binding and scaffolding protein. Here we demonstrate that Ajuba interacts with the Cdc42 GTPase activating protein CdGAP, a GAP for Rac1 and Cdc42, at cell-cell contacts. CdGAP recruitment to junctions does not require Ajuba; rather Ajuba seems to control CdGAP residence at sites of cell-cell adhesion. CdGAP expression potently perturbs junctions and Ajuba binding inhibits CdGAP activity. Ajuba interacts with Rac1 and CdGAP via distinct domains and can potentially bring them in close proximity at junctions to facilitate activity regulation. Functionally, CdGAP-Ajuba interaction maintains junctional integrity in homeostasis and diseases: (i) gain-of-function CdGAP mutants found in Adams-Oliver Syndrome patients strongly destabilize cell-cell contacts and (ii) CdGAP mRNA levels are inversely correlated with E-cadherin protein expression in different cancers. We present conceptual insights on how Ajuba can integrate CdGAP binding and inactivation with the spatio-temporal regulation of Rac1 activity at junctions. Ajuba provides a novel mechanism due to its ability to bind to CdGAP and Rac1 via distinct domains and influence the activation status of both proteins. This functional interplay may contribute towards conserving the epithelial tissue architecture at steady-state and in different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J McCormack
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - S Bruche
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - A B D Ouadda
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute-McGill University Hospital Centre and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, H4A 3J1, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - H Ishii
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute-McGill University Hospital Centre and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, H4A 3J1, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - H Lu
- Cancer Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - A Garcia-Cattaneo
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - C Chávez-Olórtegui
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - N Lamarche-Vane
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute-McGill University Hospital Centre and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, H4A 3J1, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - V M M Braga
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
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12
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TGF-β-Dependent Growth Arrest and Cell Migration in Benign and Malignant Breast Epithelial Cells Are Antagonistically Controlled by Rac1 and Rac1b. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071574. [PMID: 28726720 PMCID: PMC5536062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer is still the most common cancer type among non-smoking females. TGF-β can inhibit breast cancer development by inducing cell cycle arrest in both, cancer cells and, as part of a senescence program in normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Moreover, TGF-β also drives cell migration and invasion, in part through the small GTPases Rac1 and Rac1b. Depletion of Rac1b or Rac1 and Rac1b in MDA-MB-231 or MDA-MB-435s breast cancer cells by RNA interference enhanced or suppressed, respectively, TGF-β1-induced migration/invasion. Rac1b depletion in MDA-MB-231 cells also increased TGF-β-induced p21WAF1 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Senescent HMEC (P15/P16), when compared to their non-senescent counterparts (P11/P12), presented with dramatically increased migratory activity. These effects were paralleled by elevated expression of genes associated with TGF-β signaling and metastasis, downregulated Rac1b, and upregulated Rac1. Our data suggest that acquisition of a motile phenotype in HMEC resulted from enhanced autocrine TGF-β signaling, invasion/metastasis-associated gene expression, and a shift in the ratio of antimigratory Rac1b to promigratory Rac1. We conclude that although enhanced TGF-β signaling is considered antioncogenic in HMEC by suppressing oncogene-induced transformation, this occurs at the expense of a higher migration and invasion potential.
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Ungefroren H, Witte D, Lehnert H. The role of small GTPases of the Rho/Rac family in TGF-β-induced EMT and cell motility in cancer. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:451-461. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck, and University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery; UKSH, Campus Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - David Witte
- First Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck, and University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- First Department of Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Lübeck, and University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
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14
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He Y, Northey JJ, Pelletier A, Kos Z, Meunier L, Haibe-Kains B, Mes-Masson AM, Côté JF, Siegel PM, Lamarche-Vane N. The Cdc42/Rac1 regulator CdGAP is a novel E-cadherin transcriptional co-repressor with Zeb2 in breast cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:3490-3503. [PMID: 28135249 PMCID: PMC5423781 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The loss of E-cadherin causes dysfunction of the cell-cell junction machinery, which is an initial step in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), facilitating cancer cell invasion and the formation of metastases. A set of transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin (CDH1) gene expression, including Snail1, Snail2 and Zeb2 mediate E-cadherin downregulation in breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of E-cadherin expression in breast cancer progression remain largely unknown. Here, by using global gene expression approaches, we uncover a novel function for Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein (CdGAP) in the regulation of expression of genes involved in EMT. We found that CdGAP used its proline-rich domain to form a functional complex with Zeb2 to mediate the repression of E-cadherin expression in ErbB2-transformed breast cancer cells. Conversely, knockdown of CdGAP expression led to a decrease of the transcriptional repressors Snail1 and Zeb2, and this correlated with an increase in E-cadherin levels, restoration of cell-cell junctions, and epithelial-like morphological changes. In vivo, loss of CdGAP in ErbB2-transformed breast cancer cells impaired tumor growth and suppressed metastasis to lungs. Finally, CdGAP was highly expressed in basal-type breast cancer cells, and its strong expression correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Together, these data support a previously unknown nuclear function for CdGAP where it cooperates in a GAP-independent manner with transcriptional repressors to function as a critical modulator of breast cancer through repression of E-cadherin transcription. Targeting Zeb2-CdGAP interactions may represent novel therapeutic opportunities for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J J Northey
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - A Pelletier
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Z Kos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Meunier
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR/CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - B Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A-M Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR/CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J-F Côté
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - P M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Lamarche-Vane
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Schüler-Toprak S, Häring J, Inwald EC, Moehle C, Ortmann O, Treeck O. Agonists and knockdown of estrogen receptor β differentially affect invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:951. [PMID: 28003019 PMCID: PMC5178087 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is expressed in the majority of invasive breast cancer cases, irrespective of their subtype, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Thus, ERβ might be a potential target for therapy of this challenging cancer type. In this in vitro study, we examined the role of ERβ in invasion of two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Methods MDA-MB-231 and HS578T breast cancer cells were treated with the specific ERβ agonists ERB-041, WAY200070, Liquiritigenin and 3β-Adiol. Knockdown of ERβ expression was performed by means of siRNA transfection. Effects on cellular invasion were assessed in vitro by means of a modified Boyden chamber assay. Transcriptome analyses were performed using Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST microarrays. Pathway and gene network analyses were performed by means of Genomatix and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Results Invasiveness of MBA-MB-231 and HS578T breast cancer cells decreased after treatment with ERβ agonists ERB-041 and WAY200070. Agonists Liquiritigenin and 3β-Adiol only reduced invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Knockdown of ERβ expression increased invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells about 3-fold. Transcriptome and pathway analyses revealed that ERβ knockdown led to activation of TGFβ signalling and induced expression of a network of genes with functions in extracellular matrix, tumor cell invasion and vitamin D3 metabolism. Conclusions Our data suggest that ERβ suppresses invasiveness of triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro. Whether ERβ agonists might be useful drugs in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, has to be evaluated in further animal and clinical studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2973-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schüler-Toprak
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Häring
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth C Inwald
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Moehle
- Center of Excellence for Fluorescent Bioanalytics (KFB), Am BioPark 9, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Treeck
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Caritas-Hospital St. Josef, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Lawson CD, Der CJ. Filling GAPs in our knowledge: ARHGAP11A and RACGAP1 act as oncogenes in basal-like breast cancers. Small GTPases 2016; 9:290-296. [PMID: 27657701 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1220350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Like RAS proteins, the aberrant function of RHO family small GTPases has been implicated in driving cancer development and growth. However, unlike the RAS family, where gain-of-function missense mutations are found in ∼25% of all human cancers, missense mutations are relatively rare in RHO proteins. Instead, altered RHO activity in cancer more commonly arises through the aberrant functions of RHO GTPase regulators. In many cancer types, altered expression and/or mutation of RHO-selective guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RHOGEFs) or GTPase-activating proteins (RHOGAPs), which activate or inactivate RHO GTPases, respectively, is observed. For example, deletion or loss of expression of the RHOA GAP DLC1 is well-established to drive cancer growth. Recently, we identified high expression of 2 RHOGAPs, ARHGAP11A and RACGAP1, in the basal-like breast cancer subtype. Unexpectedly, both of these RHOA GAPs exhibited properties of oncoproteins rather than tumor suppressors, in contrast to DLC1. In this commentary, we summarize our findings and speculate that different RHOA GAPs can play distinct roles in cancer depending on their spatial regulation and cancer type context. We also evaluate our results in light of recently-described cancer genome sequencing studies that have identified loss-of-function mutations of RHOA in specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell D Lawson
- a Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus , London , UK
| | - Channing J Der
- b Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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17
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CdGAP/ARHGAP31, a Cdc42/Rac1 GTPase regulator, is critical for vascular development and VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27485. [PMID: 27270835 PMCID: PMC4895392 DOI: 10.1038/srep27485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the CdGAP/ARHGAP31 gene, which encodes a GTPase-activating protein for Rac1 and Cdc42, have been reported causative in the Adams-Oliver developmental syndrome often associated with vascular defects. However, despite its abundant expression in endothelial cells, CdGAP function in the vasculature remains unknown. Here, we show that vascular development is impaired in CdGAP-deficient mouse embryos at E15.5. This is associated with superficial vessel defects and subcutaneous edema, resulting in 44% embryonic/perinatal lethality. VEGF-driven angiogenesis is defective in CdGAP(-/-) mice, showing reduced capillary sprouting from aortic ring explants. Similarly, VEGF-dependent endothelial cell migration and capillary formation are inhibited upon CdGAP knockdown. Mechanistically, CdGAP associates with VEGF receptor-2 and controls VEGF-dependent signaling. Consequently, CdGAP depletion results in impaired VEGF-mediated Rac1 activation and reduced phosphorylation of critical intracellular mediators including Gab1, Akt, PLCγ and SHP2. These findings are the first to demonstrate the importance of CdGAP in embryonic vascular development and VEGF-induced signaling, and highlight CdGAP as a potential therapeutic target to treat pathological angiogenesis and vascular dysfunction.
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18
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Lawson CD, Fan C, Mitin N, Baker NM, George SD, Graham DM, Perou CM, Burridge K, Der CJ, Rossman KL. Rho GTPase Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Oncogenic Roles for Rho GTPase-Activating Proteins in Basal-like Breast Cancers. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3826-37. [PMID: 27216196 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) subtype accounts for a disproportionately high percentage of overall breast cancer mortality. The current therapeutic options for BLBC need improvement; hence, elucidating signaling pathways that drive BLBC growth may identify novel targets for the development of effective therapies. Rho GTPases have previously been implicated in promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. These proteins are inactivated by Rho-selective GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAP), which have generally been presumed to act as tumor suppressors. Surprisingly, RNA-Seq analysis of the Rho GTPase signaling transcriptome revealed high expression of several RhoGAP genes in BLBC tumors, raising the possibility that these genes may be oncogenic. To evaluate this, we examined the roles of two of these RhoGAPs, ArhGAP11A (also known as MP-GAP) and RacGAP1 (also known as MgcRacGAP), in promoting BLBC. Both proteins were highly expressed in human BLBC cell lines, and knockdown of either gene resulted in significant defects in the proliferation of these cells. Knockdown of ArhGAP11A caused CDKN1B/p27-mediated arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, whereas depletion of RacGAP1 inhibited growth through the combined effects of cytokinesis failure, CDKN1A/p21-mediated RB1 inhibition, and the onset of senescence. Random migration was suppressed or enhanced by the knockdown of ArhGAP11A or RacGAP1, respectively. Cell spreading and levels of GTP-bound RhoA were increased upon depletion of either RhoGAP. We have established that, via the suppression of RhoA, ArhGAP11A and RacGAP1 are both critical drivers of BLBC growth, and propose that RhoGAPs can act as oncogenes in cancer. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3826-37. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell D Lawson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Natalia Mitin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nicole M Baker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Samuel D George
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David M Graham
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keith Burridge
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Channing J Der
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Kent L Rossman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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19
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Sonnenberg-Riethmacher E, Miehe M, Riethmacher D. Promotion of periostin expression contributes to the migration of Schwann cells. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3345-55. [PMID: 26187852 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.174177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin ligands and their ErbB receptors are important for the development of Schwann cells, the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). ErbB3 deficiency is characterized by a complete loss of Schwann cells along axons of the peripheral nerves, impaired fasciculation and neuronal cell death. We performed comparative gene expression analysis of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explant cultures from ErbB3-deficient and wild-type mice in order to identify genes that are involved in Schwann cell development and migration. The extracellular matrix (ECM) gene periostin was found to exhibit the most prominent down regulation in ErbB3-deficient DRG. Expression analysis revealed that the periostin-expressing cell population in the PNS corresponds to Schwann cell precursors and Schwann cells, and is particularly high in migratory Schwann cells. Furthermore, stimulation of Schwann cells with neuregulin-1 (NRG1) or transforming growth factor β (TGFβ-1) resulted in an upregulation of periostin expression. Interestingly, DRG explant cultures of periostin-deficient mice revealed a significant reduction of the number of migrating Schwann cells. These data demonstrate that the expression of periostin is stimulated by ErbB ligand NRG1 and influences the migration of Schwann cell precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sonnenberg-Riethmacher
- Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University of Hamburg, Falkenried 94, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Michaela Miehe
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University of Hamburg, Falkenried 94, Hamburg 20251, Germany Institut for Immunological Engineering, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Dieter Riethmacher
- Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University of Hamburg, Falkenried 94, Hamburg 20251, Germany
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20
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Wormer DB, Davis KA, Henderson JH, Turner CE. The focal adhesion-localized CdGAP regulates matrix rigidity sensing and durotaxis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91815. [PMID: 24632816 PMCID: PMC3954768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile cells are capable of sensing the stiffness of the surrounding extracellular matrix through integrin-mediated focal adhesions and migrate towards regions of higher rigidity in a process known as durotaxis. Durotaxis plays an important role in normal development and disease progression, including tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying focal adhesion-mediated rigidity sensing and durotaxis are poorly understood. Utilizing matrix-coated polydimethylsiloxane gels to manipulate substrate compliance, we show that cdGAP, an adhesion-localized Rac1 and Cdc42 specific GTPase activating protein, is necessary for U2OS osteosarcoma cells to coordinate cell shape changes and migration as a function of extracellular matrix stiffness. CdGAP regulated rigidity-dependent motility by controlling membrane protrusion and adhesion dynamics, as well as by modulating Rac1 activity. CdGAP was also found to be necessary for U2OS cell durotaxis. Taken together, these data identify cdGAP as an important component of an integrin-mediated signaling pathway that senses and responds to mechanical cues in the extracellular matrix in order to coordinate directed cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan B. Wormer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin A. Davis
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - James H. Henderson
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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McCormack J, Welsh NJ, Braga VMM. Cycling around cell-cell adhesion with Rho GTPase regulators. J Cell Sci 2014; 126:379-91. [PMID: 23547086 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.097923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation and stability of epithelial adhesive systems, such as adherens junctions, desmosomes and tight junctions, rely on a number of cellular processes that ensure a dynamic interaction with the cortical cytoskeleton, and appropriate delivery and turnover of receptors at the surface. Unique signalling pathways must be coordinated to allow the coexistence of distinct adhesive systems at discrete sub-domains along junctions and the specific properties they confer to epithelial cells. Rho, Rac and Cdc42 are members of the Rho small GTPase family, and are well-known regulators of cell-cell adhesion. The spatio-temporal control of small GTPase activation drives specific intracellular processes to enable the hierarchical assembly, morphology and maturation of cell-cell contacts. Here, we discuss the small GTPase regulators that control the precise amplitude and duration of the levels of active Rho at cell-cell contacts, and the mechanisms that tailor the output of Rho signalling to a particular cellular event. Interestingly, the functional interaction is reciprocal; Rho regulators drive the maturation of cell-cell contacts, whereas junctions can also modulate the localisation and activity of Rho regulators to operate in diverse processes in the epithelial differentiation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McCormack
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London. Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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22
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Csépányi-Kömi R, Sáfár D, Grósz V, Tarján ZL, Ligeti E. In silico tissue-distribution of human Rho family GTPase activating proteins. Small GTPases 2013; 4:90-101. [PMID: 23518456 PMCID: PMC3747261 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.23708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho family small GTPases are involved in the spatio-temporal regulation of several physiological processes. They operate as molecular switches based on their GTP- or GDP-bound state. Their GTPase activator proteins (Rho/Rac GAPs) are able to increase the GTP hydrolysis of small GTPases, which turns them to an inactive state. This regulatory step is a key element of signal termination. According to the human genome project the potential number of Rho family GAPs is approximately 70. Despite their significant role in cellular signaling our knowledge on their expression pattern is quite incomplete. In this study we tried to reveal the tissue-distribution of Rho/Rac GAPs based on expressed sequence tag (EST) database from healthy and tumor tissues and microarray experiments. Our accumulated data sets can provide important starting information for future research. However, the nomenclature of Rho family GAPs is quite heterogeneous. Therefore we collected the available names, abbreviations and aliases of human Rho/Rac GAPs in a useful nomenclature table. A phylogenetic tree and domain structure of 65 human RhoGAPs are also presented.
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23
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ICAD deficiency in human colon cancer and predisposition to colon tumorigenesis: linkage to apoptosis resistance and genomic instability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57871. [PMID: 23451280 PMCID: PMC3579889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that DNA fragmentation factor, which comprises a caspase-3-activated DNase (CAD) and its inhibitor (ICAD), may influence the rate of cell death by generating PARP-1-activating DNA breaks. Here we tested the hypothesis that ICAD-deficient colon epithelial cells exhibiting resistance to death stimuli may accumulate additional genetic modifications, leading to a tumorigenic phenotype. We show that ICAD deficiency may be associated with colon malignancy in humans. Indeed, an examination of ICAD expression using immunohistochemistry in an array of both colon cancer and normal tissues revealed that ICAD expression levels were severely compromised in the cancerous tissues. Upon DNA damage caused by a low dose of irradiation, ICAD cells acquire a tumorigenic phenotype. Colon epithelial cells derived from ICAD mice showed a significant resistance to death induced by the colon carcinogen dimethylhydrazine in vitro and in mice. Such resistance was associated with a decrease in PARP-1 activation. In an animal model of dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumorigenesis, ICAD−/− mice developed significantly higher numbers of tumors with markedly larger sizes than the wild-type counterparts. Interestingly, the phenotype of the ICAD−/− mice was not associated with a significant increase in the precancerous aberrant crypt foci suggesting a potential link to tumor progression rather than initiation. More importantly, ICAD deficiency was associated with severe genomic instability as assessed by array comparative genomic hybridization. Such genomic instability consisted most prominently of amplifications but with sizable deletions as compared to the wild-type counterparts affecting several cancer-related genes including RAF-1, GSN, LMO3, and Fzd6 independently of p53. Altogether, our results present a viable case for the involvement of ICAD deficiency in colon carcinogenesis and show that apoptosis and genomic instability may comprise the means by which such deficiency may contribute to the process of increasing susceptibility to carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis.
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Wormer D, Deakin NO, Turner CE. CdGAP regulates cell migration and adhesion dynamics in two-and three-dimensional matrix environments. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2012; 69:644-58. [PMID: 22907917 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CdGAP is a Rac1/Cdc42 specific GTPase activating protein (GAP) that localizes to cell-matrix adhesions through an interaction with the adhesion scaffold α-parvin/actopaxin to regulate lamellipodia formation and cell spreading. Herein, we demonstrate, using a combination of siRNA-mediated silencing and overexpression, that cdGAP negatively regulates directed and random migration by controlling adhesion maturation and dynamics through the regulation of both adhesion assembly and disassembly. Interestingly, cdGAP was also localized to adhesions formed in three-dimensional (3D) matrix environments and cdGAP depletion promoted cancer cell migration and invasion through 3D matrices. These findings highlight the importance of GAP proteins in the regulation of Rho family GTPases and the coordination of the cell migration machinery..
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Wormer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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25
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Karimzadeh F, Primeau M, Mountassif D, Rouiller I, Lamarche-Vane N. A stretch of polybasic residues mediates Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein (CdGAP) binding to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and regulates its GAP activity. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19610-21. [PMID: 22518840 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.344606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases are membrane-associated molecular switches involved in the control of a wide range of cellular activities, including cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein (CdGAP) is a phosphoprotein showing GAP activity toward Rac1 and Cdc42. CdGAP activity is regulated in an adhesion-dependent manner and more recently, we have identified CdGAP as a novel molecular target in signaling and an essential component in the synergistic interaction between TGFβ and Neu/ErbB-2 signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. In this study, we identified a small polybasic region (PBR) preceding the RhoGAP domain that mediates specific binding to negatively charged phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3). In vitro reconstitution of membrane vesicles loaded with prenylated Rac1 demonstrates that the PBR is required for full activation of CdGAP in the presence of PI(3,4,5)P3. In fibroblast cells, the expression of CdGAP protein mutants lacking an intact PBR shows a significant reduced ability of the protein mutants to induce cell rounding or to mediate negative effects on cell spreading. Furthermore, an intact PBR is required for CdGAP to inactivate Rac1 signaling into cells, whereas it is not essential in an in vitro context. Altogether, these studies reveal that specific interaction between negatively charged phospholipid PI(3,4,5)P3 and the stretch of polybasic residues preceding the RhoGAP domain regulates CdGAP activity in vivo and is required for its cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Karimzadeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B2, Canada
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Zu X, Zhang Q, Cao R, Liu J, Zhong J, Wen G, Cao D. Transforming growth factor-β signaling in tumor initiation, progression and therapy in breast cancer: an update. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 347:73-84. [PMID: 21845401 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous cytokine playing an essential role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion and invasion, as well as in cellular microenvironment. In malignant diseases, TGF-β signaling features a growth inhibitory effect at an early stage but aggressive oncogenic activity at the advanced malignant state. Here, we update the current understanding of TGF-β signaling in cancer development and progression with a focus on breast cancer. We also review the current approaches of TGF-β signaling-targeted therapeutics for human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Zu
- Clinical Research Institution, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
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27
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Parvani JG, Taylor MA, Schiemann WP. Noncanonical TGF-β signaling during mammary tumorigenesis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:127-46. [PMID: 21448580 PMCID: PMC3723114 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprised of at least five major tumor subtypes that coalesce as the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States. Although metastasis clearly represents the most lethal characteristic of breast cancer, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern this event remains inadequate. Clinically, ~30% of breast cancer patients diagnosed with early-stage disease undergo metastatic progression, an event that (a) severely limits treatment options, (b) typically results in chemoresistance and low response rates, and (c) greatly contributes to aggressive relapses and dismal survival rates. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates all phases of postnatal mammary gland development, including branching morphogenesis, lactation, and involution. TGF-β also plays a prominent role in suppressing mammary tumorigenesis by preventing mammary epithelial cell (MEC) proliferation, or by inducing MEC apoptosis. Genetic and epigenetic events that transpire during mammary tumorigenesis conspire to circumvent the tumor suppressing activities of TGF-β, thereby permitting late-stage breast cancer cells to acquire invasive and metastatic phenotypes in response to TGF-β. Metastatic progression stimulated by TGF-β also relies on its ability to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the expansion of chemoresistant breast cancer stem cells. Precisely how this metamorphosis in TGF-β function comes about remains incompletely understood; however, recent findings indicate that the initiation of oncogenic TGF-β activity is contingent upon imbalances between its canonical and noncanonical signaling systems. Here we review the molecular and cellular contributions of noncanonical TGF-β effectors to mammary tumorigenesis and metastatic progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny G Parvani
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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