1
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Tingting Z, Xiaojing L, Xiaoyan T, Keqin H, Junjun Q. The Antisense long noncoding RNA AGAP2-AS1 regulates cell proliferation and metastasis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:5318-5328. [PMID: 32742478 PMCID: PMC7391213 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense long noncoding RNAs serve as important regulators of protein-coding genes and contribute to tumorigenesis and metastasis. AGAP2-AS1, an antisense lncRNA transcribed from AGAP2, is involved in various cancer types. However, the clinical significance, biological roles and regulatory mechanisms of AGAP2-AS1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, we demonstrated the expression pattern and biological roles of AGAP2-AS1 in EOC. Clinically, AGAP2-AS1 expression was decreased in EOC tissues compared to that in the controls. Low expression of AGAP2-AS1 was associated with advanced FIGO stage, high histological grade, serous subtype and lymph node metastasis in patients with EOC. AGAP2-AS1 inhibited cell migration, invasion and proliferation in vitro. AGAP2-AS1 suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, AGAP2-AS1 inhibited cell metastasis and proliferation by downregulating KRAS, FGFR4, and CTSK and suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence for the tumor-suppressing effect of AGAP2-AS1 in EOC and demonstrate that AGAP2-AS1 may represent a promising therapeutic target for EOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tingting
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Gynaecology, The First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 471000, Zhengzhou 471000, China
| | - Lin Xiaojing
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Tang Xiaoyan
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hua Keqin
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qiu Junjun
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China Shanghai 200011, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, 413 Zhaozhou Road, Shanghai 200011, China
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2
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Liu S, Yuan D, Li Y, Qi Q, Guo B, Yang S, Zhou J, Xu L, Chen T, Yang C, Liu J, Li B, Yao L, Jiang W. Involvement of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog in Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor-Induced Blockade of Glioblastoma. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1316. [PMID: 31787897 PMCID: PMC6854038 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of retinoblastoma (Rb) signaling pathway have been established as a requirement for glioblastoma (GBM) initiation and progression, which suggests that blockade of CDK4/6-Rb signaling axis for GBM treatment. Palbociclib, a selective inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4/6, has been applied for breast cancer treatment. However, its efficacy against glioblastoma has not been well clarified. Here, effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors on various kinds of GBM cell lines are investigated and the functional mechanisms are identified. Data showed that cells with diverse PTEN status respond to palbociclib differently. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies indicated that PTEN enhanced the sensitivity of GBM cells to palbociclib in vitro and in vivo, which was associated with suppressions of Akt and ERK signaling and independent of Rb signaling inhibition. Hence, our findings support that palbociclib selectively
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dun Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingzhong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jilin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiange Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenxing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Buyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weixi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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3
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Zhang W, Yang Y, Dong Z, Shi Z, Zhang JT. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a short basic motif in the ABC transporter ABCG2 disable its trafficking out of endoplasmic reticulum and reduce cell resistance to anticancer drugs. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:20222-20232. [PMID: 31719146 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily and has been implicated in multidrug resistance of cancers. Although the structure and function of ABCG2 have been extensively studied, little is known about its biogenesis and the regulation thereof. In this study, using mutagenesis and several biochemical analyses, we show that the positive charges in the vicinity of the RKR motif downstream of the ABC signature drive trafficking of nascent ABCG2 out of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) onto plasma membranes. Substitutions of and naturally occurring single-nucleotide polymorphisms within these positively charged residues disabled the trafficking of ABCG2 out of the ER. A representative ABCG2 variant in which the RKR motif had been altered underwent increased ER stress-associated degradation. We also found that unlike WT ABCG2, genetic ABCG2 RKR variants have disrupted normal maturation and do not reduce accumulation of the anticancer drug mitoxantrone and no longer confer resistance to the drug. We conclude that the positive charges downstream of the ABC signature motif critically regulate ABCG2 trafficking and maturation. We propose that single-nucleotide polymorphisms of these residues reduce ABCG2 expression via ER stress-associated degradation pathway and may contribute to reduced cancer drug resistance, improving the success of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.,Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Zizheng Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 .,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio 43614
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4
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Cellular energy stress induces AMPK-mediated regulation of glioblastoma cell proliferation by PIKE-A phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:222. [PMID: 30833542 PMCID: PMC6399291 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase enhancer-activating Akt (PIKE-A), which associates with and potentiates Akt activity, is a pro-oncogenic factor that play vital role in cancer cell survival and growth. However, PIKE-A physiological functions under energy/nutrient deficiency are poorly understood. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that is a principal regulator of energy homeostasis and has a critical role in metabolic disorders and cancers. In this present study, we show that cellular energy stress induces PIKE-A phosphorylation mediated by AMPK activation, thereby preventing its carcinogenic action. Moreover, AMPK directly phosphorylates PIKE-A Ser-351 and Ser-377, which become accessible for the interaction with 14-3-3β, and in turn stimulates nuclear translocation of PIKE-A. Nuclear PIKE-A associates with CDK4 and then disrupts CDK4-cyclinD1 complex and inhibits the Rb pathway, resulting in cancer cell cycle arrest. Our data uncover a molecular mechanism and functional significance of PIKE-A phosphorylation response to cellular energy status mediated by AMPK.
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5
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Integrative radiogenomic analysis for multicentric radiophenotype in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11526-38. [PMID: 26863628 PMCID: PMC4905491 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We postulated that multicentric glioblastoma (GBM) represents more invasiveness form than solitary GBM and has their own genomic characteristics. From May 2004 to June 2010 we retrospectively identified 51 treatment-naïve GBM patients with available clinical information from the Samsung Medical Center data registry. Multicentricity of the tumor was defined as the presence of multiple foci on the T1 contrast enhancement of MR images or having high signal for multiple lesions without contiguity of each other on the FLAIR image. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that multicentric GBM had worse prognosis than solitary GBM (median, 16.03 vs. 20.57 months, p < 0.05). Copy number variation (CNV) analysis revealed there was an increase in 11 regions, and a decrease in 17 regions, in the multicentric GBM. Gene expression profiling identified 738 genes to be increased and 623 genes to be decreased in the multicentric radiophenotype (p < 0.001). Integration of the CNV and expression datasets identified twelve representative genes: CPM, LANCL2, LAMP1, GAS6, DCUN1D2, CDK4, AGAP2, TSPAN33, PDLIM1, CLDN12, and GTPBP10 having high correlation across CNV, gene expression and patient outcome. Network and enrichment analyses showed that the multicentric tumor had elevated fibrotic signaling pathways compared with a more proliferative and mitogenic signal in the solitary tumors. Noninvasive radiological imaging together with integrative radiogenomic analysis can provide an important tool in helping to advance personalized therapy for the more clinically aggressive subset of GBM.
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6
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Abstract
Selective abrogation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) activity is a highly promising strategy in cancer treatment. The atypical CDK, CDK5 has long been known for its role in neurodegenerative diseases, and is becoming an attractive drug target for cancer therapy. Myriads of recent studies have uncovered that aberrant expression of CDK5 contributes to the oncogenic initiation and progression of multiple solid and hematological malignancies. CDK5 is also implicated in the regulation of cancer stem cell biology. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge of CDK5 as a druggable target for cancer treatment. We also provide a detailed outlook of designing selective and potent inhibitors of this enzyme.
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7
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Qi Q, Kang SS, Zhang S, Pham C, Fu H, Brat DJ, Ye K. Co-amplification of phosphoinositide 3-kinase enhancer A and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 triggers glioblastoma progression. Oncogene 2017; 36:4562-4572. [PMID: 28368413 PMCID: PMC5552418 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis. Amplification of chromosome 12q13-q15 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) amplicon) is frequently observed in numerous human cancers including GBM. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase enhancer (PIKE) is a group of GTP-binding proteins that belong to the subgroup of centaurin GTPase family, encoded by CENTG1 located in CDK4 amplicon. However, the pathological significance of CDK4 amplicon in GBM formation remains incompletely understood. In the current study, we show that co-expression of PIKE-A and CDK4 in TP53/PTEN double knockout GBM mouse model additively shortens the latency of glioma onset and survival compared to overexpression of these genes alone. Consequently, p-mTOR, p-Akt and p-ERK pathways are highly upregulated in the brain tumors, in alignment with their oncogenic activities by CDK4 and PIKE-A stably transfected in GBM cell lines. Hence, our findings support that PIKE amplification or overexpression coordinately acts with CDK4 to drive GBM tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery
Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Seong-Su Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Jinan University College of
Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cau Pham
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery
Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery
Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer
Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel J. Brat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University
School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Translational Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji Hospital,
Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
200065, China
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8
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Zhang S, Qi Q, Chan CB, Zhou W, Chen J, Luo HR, Appin C, Brat DJ, Ye K. Fyn-phosphorylated PIKE-A binds and inhibits AMPK signaling, blocking its tumor suppressive activity. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:52-63. [PMID: 26001218 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase, a key regulator of energy homeostasis, has a critical role in metabolic disorders and cancers. AMPK is mainly regulated by cellular AMP and phosphorylation by upstream kinases. Here, we show that PIKE-A binds to AMPK and blocks its tumor suppressive actions, which are mediated by tyrosine kinase Fyn. PIKE-A directly interacts with AMPK catalytic alpha subunit and impairs T172 phosphorylation, leading to repression of its kinase activity on the downstream targets. Mutation of Fyn phosphorylation sites on PIKE-A, depletion of Fyn, or pharmacological inhibition of Fyn blunts the association between PIKE-A and AMPK, resulting in loss of its inhibitory effect on AMPK. Cell proliferation and oncogenic assays demonstrate that PIKE-A antagonizes tumor suppressive actions of AMPK. In human glioblastoma samples, PIKE-A expression inversely correlates with the p-AMPK levels, supporting that PIKE-A negatively regulates AMPK activity in cancers. Thus, our findings provide additional layer of molecular regulation of the AMPK signaling pathway in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322 GA, USA
| | - Q Qi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322 GA, USA
| | - C B Chan
- Department of Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73104 OK, USA
| | - W Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322 GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322 GA, USA
| | - J Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322 GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322 GA, USA
| | - H R Luo
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Children's Hospital, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| | - C Appin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322 GA, USA
| | - D J Brat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322 GA, USA
| | - K Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322 GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322 GA, USA
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9
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Cobret L, De Tauzia ML, Ferent J, Traiffort E, Hénaoui I, Godin F, Kellenberger E, Rognan D, Pantel J, Bénédetti H, Morisset-Lopez S. Targeting the cis-dimerization of LINGO-1 with low MW compounds affects its downstream signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:841-56. [PMID: 25257685 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The transmembrane protein LINGO-1 is a negative regulator in the nervous system mainly affecting axonal regeneration, neuronal survival, oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating its functions are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the formation and the role of LINGO-1 cis-dimers in the regulation of its biological activity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH LINGO-1 homodimers were identified in both HEK293 and SH-SY5Y cells using co-immunoprecipitation experiments and BRET saturation analysis. We performed a hypothesis-driven screen for identification of small-molecule protein-protein interaction modulators of LINGO-1 using a BRET-based assay, adapted for screening. The compound identified was further assessed for effects on LINGO-1 downstream signalling pathways using Western blotting analysis and AlphaScreen technology. KEY RESULTS LINGO-1 was present as homodimers in primary neuronal cultures. LINGO-1 interacted homotypically in cis-orientation and LINGO-1 cis-dimers were formed early during LINGO-1 biosynthesis. A BRET-based assay allowed us to identify phenoxybenzamine as the first conformational modulator of LINGO-1 dimers. In HEK-293 cells, phenoxybenzamine was a positive modulator of LINGO-1 function, increasing the LINGO-1-mediated inhibition of EGF receptor signalling and Erk phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that LINGO-1 forms constitutive cis-dimers at the plasma membrane and that low MW compounds affecting the conformational state of these dimers can regulate LINGO-1 downstream signalling pathways. We propose that targeting the LINGO-1 dimerization interface opens a new pharmacological approach to the modulation of its function and provides a new strategy for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cobret
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Département biologie cellulaire et cibles thérapeutiques, CNRS, UPR 4301, University of Orléans and INSERM, Orléans, France
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10
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Eder K, Kalman B. Molecular heterogeneity of glioblastoma and its clinical relevance. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:777-87. [PMID: 25156108 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common intracranial malignancy and constitutes about 50 % of all gliomas. Both inter-tumor and intra-tumor histological heterogeneity had been recognized by the early 1980-ies. Recent works using novel molecular platforms provided molecular definitions of these tumors. Based on comprehensive genomic sequence analyses, The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (TCGA) cataloged somatic mutations and recurrent copy number alterations in glioblastoma. Robust transcriptome and epigenome studies also revealed inter-tumor heterogeneity. Integration and cluster analyses of multi-dimensional genomic data lead to a new classification of glioblastoma tumors into subtypes with distinct biological features and clinical correlates. However, multiple observations also revealed tumor area-specific patterns of genomic imbalance. In addition, genetic alterations have been identified that were common to all areas analyzed and other alterations that were area specific. Analyses of intra-tumor transcriptome variations revealed that in more than half of the examined cases, fragments from the same tumor mass could be classified into at least two different glioblastoma molecular subgroups. Intra-tumor heterogeneity of molecular genetic profiles in glioblastoma may explain the difficulties encountered in the validation of oncologic biomarkers, and contribute to a biased selection of patients for single target therapies, treatment failure or drug resistance. In this paper, we summarize the currently available literature concerning inter- and intra-tumor molecular heterogeneity of glioblastomas, and call attention to the importance of this topic in relation to the growing efforts in routine molecular diagnostics and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Eder
- Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital, Markusovszky Street 5, 9700, Szombathely, Hungary,
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11
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Phosphorylated SATB1 is associated with the progression and prognosis of glioma. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e901. [PMID: 24176859 PMCID: PMC3920943 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a global chromatin organizer and gene regulator, and high expression of SATB1 is associated with progression and poor prognosis in several malignancies. Here, we examine the expression pattern of SATB1 in glioma. Microarray analysis of 127 clinical samples showed that SATB1 mRNA was expressed at lower levels in highly malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) than in low-grade glioma and normal brain tissue. This result was further confirmed by real-time RT-PCR in the clinical samples, three GBM cell lines, primary SU3 glioma cells and tumor cells harvested by laser-capture microdissection. Consistent with the mRNA levels, SATB1 protein expression was downregulated in high-grade glioma, as shown by western blotting. However, phospho-SATB1 levels showed an opposite pattern, with a significant increase in these tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of phospho-SATB1 expression in tissue microarrays with tumors from 122 glioma cases showed that phospho-SATB1 expression was significantly associated with high histological grade and poor survival by Kaplan–Meier analysis. In vitro transfection analysis showed that phospho-SATB1 DNA binding has a key role in regulating the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. The effect of SATB1 in glioma cell is mainly histone deacetylase (HDAC1)-dependent. We conclude that phospho-SATB1, but not SATB1 mRNA expression, is associated with the progression and prognosis of glioma. By interaction with HDAC1, phospho-SATB1 contributes to the invasive and proliferative phenotype of GBM cells.
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12
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Qi Q, Ye K. The roles of PIKE in tumorigenesis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:991-7. [PMID: 23770988 PMCID: PMC3733165 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is the process by which normal cells evolve the capacity to evade and overcome the constraints usually placed upon their growth and survival. To ensure the integrity of organs and tissues, the balance of cell proliferation and cell death is tightly maintained. The proteins controlling this balance are either considered oncogenes, which promote tumorigenesis, or tumor suppressors, which prevent tumorigenesis. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase enhancer (PIKE) is a family of GTP-binding proteins that possess anti-apoptotic functions and play an important role in the central nervous system. Notably, accumulating evidence suggests that PIKE is a proto-oncogene involved in tumor progression. The PIKE gene (CENTG1) is amplified in a variety of human cancers, leading to the resistance against apoptosis and the enhancement of invasion. In this review, we will summarize the functions of PIKE proteins in tumorigenesis and discuss their potential implications in cancer therapy.
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13
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Couturier C, Deprez B. Setting Up a Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer High throughput Screening Assay to Search for Protein/Protein Interaction Inhibitors in Mammalian Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:100. [PMID: 22973258 PMCID: PMC3438444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Each step of the cell life and its response or adaptation to its environment are mediated by a network of protein/protein interactions termed "interactome." Our knowledge of this network keeps growing due to the development of sensitive techniques devoted to study these interactions. The bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technique was primarily developed to allow the dynamic monitoring of protein/protein interactions (PPI) in living cells, and has widely been used to study receptor activation by intra- or extra-molecular conformational changes within receptors and activated complexes in mammal cells. Some interactions are described as crucial in human pathological processes, and a new class of drugs targeting them has recently emerged. The BRET method is well suited to identify inhibitors of PPI and here is described why and how to set up and optimize a high throughput screening assay based on BRET to search for such inhibitory compounds. The different parameters to take into account when developing such BRET assays in mammal cells are reviewed to give general guidelines: considerations on the targeted interaction, choice of BRET version, inducibility of the interaction, kinetic of the monitored interaction, and of the BRET reading, influence of substrate concentration, number of cells and medium composition used on the Z' factor, and expected interferences from colored or fluorescent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Couturier
- Univ Lille Nord de FranceLille, France
- INSERM U761, Biostructures and Drug DiscoveryLille, France
- Université du Droit et de la Santé de LilleLille, France
- Institut Pasteur LilleLille, France
- Pôle de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur le MédicamentLille, France
- *Correspondence: Cyril Couturier, UMR 761, Biostructure and Drug Discovery, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille 2, 1 rue du Pr Calmette, 59000 Lille, France. e-mail:
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ Lille Nord de FranceLille, France
- INSERM U761, Biostructures and Drug DiscoveryLille, France
- Université du Droit et de la Santé de LilleLille, France
- Institut Pasteur LilleLille, France
- Pôle de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur le MédicamentLille, France
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