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Tripathi P, Kumari R, Pathak R. Drugging the undruggable: Advances in targeting KRAS signaling in solid tumors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:1-39. [PMID: 38663957 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of global mortality, prompting a paradigm shift in its treatment and outcomes with the advent of targeted therapies. Among the most prevalent mutations in RAS-driven cancers, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations account for approximately 86% of cases worldwide, particularly in lung, pancreatic, and colon cancers, contributing to poor prognosis and reduced overall survival. Despite numerous efforts to understand the biology of KRAS mutants and their pivotal role in cancer development, the lack of well-defined drug-binding pockets has deemed KRAS an "undruggable" therapeutic target, presenting significant challenges for researchers and clinicians alike. Through significant biochemical and technological advances, the last decade has witnessed promising breakthroughs in targeted therapies for KRAS-mutated lung, colon, and pancreatic cancers, marking a critical turning point in the field. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the characteristics of KRAS mutations across various solid tumors, highlighting ongoing cutting-edge research on the immune microenvironment, the development of KRAS-driven mice models, and the recent progress in the exploration of specific KRAS mutant-targeted therapeutic approaches. By comprehensive understanding of the intricacies of KRAS signaling in solid tumors and the latest therapeutic developments, this chapter will shed light on the potential for novel therapeutic strategies to combat KRAS-driven tumors and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rajni Kumari
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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2
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Wang J, Zhang X, Ni Z, Elam E, Thakur K, Li K, Wang C, Zhang J, Wei Z. The anti-cancerous mechanism of licochalcone A on human hepatoma cell HepG2 based on the miRNA omics. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Cheng S, Li J, Xu M, Bao Q, Wu J, Sun P, Han B. TMEM147 Correlates with Immune Infiltration and Serve as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2023; 2023:4413049. [PMID: 37305689 PMCID: PMC10257544 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4413049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and is associated with high mortality. Transmembrane protein 147 (TMEM147) is a seven-transmembrane protein that may mediate immune regulation. However, the relevance of TMEM147 to immune regulation in HCC and the prognosis of HCC patients are unclear. Methods We analyzed TMEM147 expression in HCC by using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis of tumor tissues and cell lines were used to verify TMEM147 expression in HCC. The influence of TMEM147 on HCC prognosis was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression analysis, and a prognostic nomogram. The functions of the TMEM147-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Gene Ontology (GO)/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). In addition, we examined the associations between TMEM147 expression and immune infiltration using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and immunofluorescence staining of HCC tissues. Results Our results showed that the expression of TMEM147 was significantly higher in human HCC tissues than in adjacent normal liver tissues, with similar findings in human HCC cell lines. High TMEM147 expression was correlated with T stage, pathological stage, histological grade, race, alpha-fetoprotein level, and vascular invasion in HCC. Moreover, we revealed that high TMEM147 expression was associated with shorter survival times and that TMEM147 could be a risk factor for overall survival, along with T stage, M stage, pathological stage, and tumor status. Mechanistic studies revealed that high TMEM147 expression was linked to the B lymphocyte, antigen response, IL6 signaling pathway, cell cycle, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) signaling pathway, and myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC) targets. Correspondingly, TMEM147 expression was positively associated with the infiltration of immune cells, including Th2 cells, follicular helper T cells, macrophages, and NK CD56 bright cells in HCC. Conclusions TMEM147 might be a biomarker for poor prognosis and is related to immune cell infiltration in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
- Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Innovative Therapeutics of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jutang Li
- Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Innovative Therapeutics of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Qun Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jiaoxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Innovative Therapeutics of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
- Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Innovative Therapeutics of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
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4
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Lin Q, Qiu M, Wei X, Xiang Z, Zhou Z, Ji I, Liang X, Zhou X, Wen Q, Liu Y, Yu H. Genetic variants of SOS2, MAP2K1 and RASGRF2 in the RAS pathway genes predict survival of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1599-1611. [PMID: 37029817 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The RAS pathway participates in the cascade of proliferation and cell division process, and the activated RAS pathway can lead to tumorigenesis including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few studies have explored the effects of genetic variants in the RAS pathway-related genes on the survival of patients with HBV-related HCC. In the present study, we assessed the associations between 11,658 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 62 RAS pathway genes and the overall survival (OS) of 866 HBV-related HCC individuals, which were randomly split (1:1) into discovery and validation datasets. As a result, three potentially functional SNPs were identified, based on multivariable cox proportional hazards regression analyses, in SOS Ras/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (SOS2, rs4632055 A > G), Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 2 (RASGRF2, rs26418A > G) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAP2K1,rs57120695 C > T), which were significantly and independently associated with OS of HBV-related HCC patients [adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) of 1.42, 1.32 and 1.50, respectively; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.14 to 1.76, 1.15 to 1.53 and 1.15 to 1.97, respectively; P = 0.001, < 0.001 and 0.003, respectively]. Additionally, the joint effects as the unfavorable genotypes of these three SNPs showed a significant association with the poor survival of HCC (trend test P < 0.001). The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis further revealed that the rs4632055 G allele and the rs26418 A allele were associated with lower mRNA expression levels of SOS2 and RASGRF2, respectively. Collectively, these potentially functional SNPs of RASGRF2, SOS2 and M2PAK1 may become potential prognostic biomarkers for HBV-related HCC after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Lin
- Department of Clinical Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Moqin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xueyan Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhouyun Xiang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Iiangyan Ji
- Department of Scientific Research Dept, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiumei Liang
- Department of Disease Process Management, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xianguo Zhou
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuping Wen
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Cultivated Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Medicine, Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hongping Yu
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Cultivated Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Medicine, Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China.
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5
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Zhang J, Xun M, Li C, Chen Y. The O-GlcNAcylation and its promotion to hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188806. [PMID: 36152903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that attaches O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to the serine and threonine residues of proteins. Such a glycosylation would alter the activities, stabilities, and interactions of target proteins that are functional in a wide range of biological processes and diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that O-GlcNAcylation is tightly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in its onset, growth, invasion and metastasis, drug resistance, and stemness. Here we summarize the discoveries of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in HCC and its function mechanism, aiming to deepen our understanding of HCC pathology, generate more biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis, and offer novel molecular targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Min Xun
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Chaojie Li
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 410001, China.
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6
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Wang Q, Yu P, Liu C, He X, Wang G. Mitochondrial fragmentation in liver cancer: Emerging player and promising therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Lett 2022; 549:215912. [PMID: 36103914 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation (MF) is associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. However, its molecular mechanism in HCC remains elusive. Although enhanced MF activates effector T cells and dendritic cells, it induces immunoescape by decreasing the number and cytotoxicity of natural killer cells in the HCC immune microenvironment. Therefore, the influence of MF on the activity of different immune cells is a great challenge. Enhanced MF contributes to maintaining stemness by promoting the asymmetric division of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs), suggesting that MF may become a potential target for HCC recurrence, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, mechanistic studies suggest that MF may promote tumour progression through autophagy, oxidative stress, and metabolic reprogramming. Human-induced hepatocyte organoids are a recently developed system that can be genetically manipulated to mimic cancer initiation and identify potential preventive treatments. We can use it to screen MF-related candidate inhibitors of HCC progression and further explore the role of MF in hepatocarcinogenesis. We herein describe the mechanisms by which MF contributes to HCC development, discuss potential therapeutic approaches, and highlight the possibility that MF modulation has a synergistic effect with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Pengfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 74th Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, 510318, China.
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Wang F, Zhong S, Mao C, Jin J, Wang H. Circ_0000291 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis by binding to miR-1322 to up-regulate UBE2T. Ann Hepatol 2022; 27:100722. [PMID: 35569812 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are identified to show important regulatory functions in cancer biology. We attempted to analyze the role of circ_0000291 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and its related mechanism. METHODS The circular characteristic of circ_0000291 was tested using exonuclease RNase R. Cell proliferation was analyzed by 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation and colony formation assays. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and a caspase 3 activity assay kit. Transwell assays were performed to analyze cell migration and invasion abilities. Sphere formation assay was conducted to analyze cell stemness. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA-pull down assays were conducted to verify the interaction between microRNA-1322 (miR-1322) and circ_0000291 or ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 T (UBE2T). RESULTS Circ_0000291 was markedly up-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. HCC patients with high expression of circ_0000291 displayed a low survival rate. Circ_0000291 knockdown restrained the proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness and induced the apoptosis of HCC cells. Circ_0000291 directly interacted with miR-1322 and negatively regulated miR-1322 expression. Circ_0000291 knockdown-mediated anti-tumor impacts in HCC cells were largely overturned by the interference of miR-1322. miR-1322 directly paired with the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of UBE2T, and UBE2T was negatively regulated by miR-1322. UBE2T overexpression largely reversed circ_0000291 silencing-induced effects in HCC cells. Circ_0000291 positively regulated UBE2T expression by absorbing miR-1322 in HCC cells. Circ_0000291 silencing notably reduced the tumorigenic potential in vivo. CONCLUSION Circ_0000291 facilitated HCC progression by targeting miR-1322/UBE2T axis, which provided novel potential biomarkers and targets for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Hepatology and Infection, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Hepatology and Infection, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunjie Mao
- Department of Digesting Internal Medicine, Yuyao Second People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingbo Jin
- Department of Hepatology and Infection, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Beilun Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Yi X, Fu Y, Long Q, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhou C, Lin H, Liu X, Liu C, Chen C, Shi L. Myosteatosis can Predict Unfavorable Outcomes in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated With Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy and Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:892192. [PMID: 35651812 PMCID: PMC9149214 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.892192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the feasibility of computed tomography (CT) - derived measurements of body composition parameters to predict the risk factor of non-objective response (non-OR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (immune-HAIC). Methods Patients with histologically confirmed HCC and treated with the immune-HAIC were retrospectively recruited between June 30, 2019, and July 31, 2021. CT-based estimations of body composition parameters were acquired from the baseline unenhanced abdominal CT images at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) and were applied to develop models predicting the probability of OR. A myosteatosis nomogram was built using the multivariate logistic regression incorporating both myosteatosis measurements and clinical variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the performance of prediction models, including the area under the curve (AUC). The nomogram’s performance was assessed by the calibration, discrimination, and decision curve analyses. Associations among predictors and gene mutations were also examined by correlation matrix analysis. Results Fifty-two patients were recruited to this study cohort, with 30 patients having a OR status after immune-HAIC treatment. Estimations of myosteatosis parameters, like SM-RA (skeletal muscle radiation attenuation), were significantly associated with the probability of predicting OR (P=0.007). The SM-RA combined nomogram model, including serum red blood cell, hemoglobin, creatinine, and the mean CT value of visceral fat (VFmean) improved the prediction probability for OR disease with an AUC of 0.713 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.95) than the clinical model nomogram with AUC of 0.62 using a 5-fold cross-validation methodology. Favorable clinical potentials were observed in the decision curve analysis. Conclusions The CT-based estimations of myosteatosis could be used as an indicator to predict a higher risk of transition to the Non-OR disease state in HCC patients treated with immune-HAIC therapy. This study demonstrated the therapeutic relevance of skeletal muscle composition assessments in the overall prediction of treatment response and prognosis in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianyan Long
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sai Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhui Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huashan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Diagnosis, GE Healthcare, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changyong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangrong Shi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Lu JW, Lin LI, Sun Y, Liu D, Gong Z. Effect of Lipopolysaccharides on Liver Tumor Metastasis of twist1a/krasV12 Double Transgenic Zebrafish. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010095. [PMID: 35052775 PMCID: PMC8773574 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is directly associated with the multi-step process of tumor metastasis. TWIST1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, is the most important epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene involved in embryonic development, tumor progression, and metastasis. However, the role that TWIST1 gene plays in the process of liver tumor metastasis in vivo is still not well understood. Zebrafish can serve as a powerful model for cancer research. Thus, in this study, we crossed twist1a+ and kras+ transgenic zebrafish, which, respectively, express hepatocyte-specific mCherry and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP); they also drive overexpression of their respective transcription factors. This was found to exacerbate the development of metastatic HCC. Fluorescence of mCherry and EGFP-labeled hepatocytes revealed that approximately 37.5% to 45.5% of the twist1a+/kras+ double transgenic zebrafish exhibited spontaneous tumor metastasis from the liver to the abdomen and tail areas, respectively. We also investigated the inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the hepatocyte-specific co-expression of twist1a+ and kras+ in double transgenic zebrafish. Following LPS exposure, co-expression of twist1a+ and kras+ was found to increase tumor metastasis by 57.8%, likely due to crosstalk with the EMT pathway. Our results confirm that twist1a and kras are important mediators in the development of metastatic HCC. Taken together, our in-vivo model demonstrated that co-expression of twist1a+/kras+ in conjunction with exposure to LPS enhanced metastatic HCC offers a useful platform for the study of tumor initiation and metastasis in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (J.-W.L.); (Z.G.); Tel.: +65-6516-2860 (Z.G.)
| | - Liang-In Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Yuxi Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Dong Liu
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (J.-W.L.); (Z.G.); Tel.: +65-6516-2860 (Z.G.)
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10
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Liu Y, Li YQ, Huang SH, Li YL, Xia JW, Jia JS, Wei F, Wang JH, Dai GQ, Wang YC, Li XY, Han LX, Zhang XL, Xiang XD, Zhao WT, Xiao D, Lin XL. Liver-specific over-expression of Cripto-1 in transgenic mice promotes hepatocyte proliferation and deregulated expression of hepatocarcinogenesis-related genes and signaling pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21155-21190. [PMID: 34517344 PMCID: PMC8457585 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of embryonic gene Cripto-1 (CR-1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using hepatocyte-specific CR-1-overexpressing transgenic mice. The expression of truncated 1.7-kb CR-1 transcript (SF-CR-1) was significantly higher than the full-length 2.0-kb CR-1 transcript (FL-CR-1) in a majority of HCC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, CR-1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in HCC tissues than adjacent normal liver tissues. Hepatocyte-specific over-expression of CR-1 in transgenic mice enhanced hepatocyte proliferation after 2/3 partial hepatectomy (2/3 PHx). CR-1 over-expression significantly increased in vivo xenograft tumor growth of HCC cells in nude mice and in vitro HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CR-1 over-expression in the transgenic mouse livers deregulated HCC-related signaling pathways such as AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, Stat3, MAPK/ERK, JNK, TGF-β and Notch, as well as expression of HCC-related genes such as CD5L, S100A8, S100A9, Timd4, Orm2, Orm3, PDK4, DMBT1, G0S2, Plk2, Plk3, Gsta1 and Gsta2. However, histological signs of precancerous lesions, hepatocyte dysplasia or HCC formation were not observed in the livers of 3-, 6- or 8-month-old hepatocyte-specific CR-1-overexpressing transgenic mice. These findings demonstrate that liver-specific CR-1 overexpression in transgenic mice deregulates signaling pathways and genes associated with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine and Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Department of Hematology, Central Hospital of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shi-Hao Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yong-Long Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine and Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia-Wei Xia
- The Third People's Hospital of Kunming (The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University), Kunming 650041, China
| | - Jun-Shuang Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia-Hong Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guan-Qi Dai
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Cai Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine and Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liu-Xin Han
- The Third People's Hospital of Kunming (The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University), Kunming 650041, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xu-Dong Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine and Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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11
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MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123026. [PMID: 34204242 PMCID: PMC8234271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway is frequently activated in liver cancer, which is one of the most lethal cancers in humans. In addition to genetic mutation leading to persistent activation of effector molecules in the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade, there are alternative means by which the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated in cancer. In this review, we will introduce the diverse modulators regulating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and consider the possibility of targeting the effectors and regulators in order to suppress the pro-tumorigenic MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, especially in liver cancer. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health concern worldwide, and its incidence is increasing steadily. Recently, the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in HCC has gained renewed attention from basic and clinical researchers. The MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated in more than 50% of human HCC cases; however, activating mutations in RAS and RAF genes are rarely found in HCC, which are major genetic events leading to the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in other cancers. This suggests that there is an alternative mechanism behind the activation of the signaling pathway in HCC. Here, we will review recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the signaling pathway in the context of HCC.
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12
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McBrearty N, Arzumanyan A, Bichenkov E, Merali S, Merali C, Feitelson M. Short chain fatty acids delay the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBx transgenic mice. Neoplasia 2021; 23:529-538. [PMID: 33945993 PMCID: PMC8111251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV encoded oncoprotein, HBx, alters the expression of host genes and the activity of multiple signal transduction pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of HCC by multiple mechanisms independent of HBV replication. However, it is not clear which pathways are the most relevant therapeutic targets in hepatocarcinogenesis. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have strong anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic properties, suggesting that they may block the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) to HCC, thereby identifying the mechanisms relevant to HCC development. This hypothesis was tested in HBx transgenic (HBxTg) mice fed SCFAs. Groups of HBxTg mice were fed with SCFAs or vehicle from 6 to 9 months of age and then assessed for dysplasia, and from 9 to 12 months of age and then assessed for HCC. Livers from 12 month old mice were then analyzed for changes in gene expression by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. SCFA-fed mice had significantly fewer dysplastic and HCC nodules compared to controls at 9 and 12 months, respectively. Pathway analysis of SCFA-fed mice showed down-regulation of signaling pathways altered by HBx in human CLD and HCC, including those involved in inflammation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, epidermal growth factor, and Ras. SCFA treatment promoted increased expression of the tumor suppressor, disabled homolog 2 (DAB2). DAB2 depresses Ras pathway activity, which is constitutively activated by HBx. SCFAs also reduced cell viability in HBx-transfected cell lines in a dose-dependent manner while the viability of primary human hepatocytes was unaffected. These unique findings demonstrate that SCFAs delay the pathogenesis of CLD and development of HCC, and provide insight into some of the underlying mechanisms that are relevant to pathogenesis in that they are responsive to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen McBrearty
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eugene Bichenkov
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Salim Merali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmen Merali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Feitelson
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Lin YL, Li Y. Study on the hepatocellular carcinoma model with metastasis. Genes Dis 2020; 7:336-350. [PMID: 32884988 PMCID: PMC7452459 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death around the world due to advanced clinical stage at diagnosis, high incidence of recurrence and metastasis after surgical treatment. It is in urgent need to create appropriate animal models to explore the mechanism, patterns, risk factors, and therapeutic strategies of HCC metastasis and recurrence. However, most of the established models lack the phenotype of invasion and metastasis in patient, or have unstable phenotype. To establish HCC models with stable metastasis phenotype requires profound understanding in cancer metastasis biology and scientific methodology. Over the past 3 decades, HCC models with stable metastasis have been extensively studied. This paper reviewed the history and development of HCC animal models and cell models, focusing on the screening and maintaining of metastatic potential and phenotype. In-depth studies using these models vastly promote the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms and development of therapeutic strategies on HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Lin
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
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14
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Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Liver Tumorigenesis Reveal a Wide Histological Spectrum of Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Liver Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082265. [PMID: 32823526 PMCID: PMC7465606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) are an elegant tool to study liver carcinogenesis in vivo. Newly designed mouse models need detailed (histopathological) phenotyping when described for the first time to avoid misinterpretation and misconclusions. Many chemically induced models for hepatocarcinogenesis comprise a huge variety of histologically benign and malignant neoplastic, as well as non-neoplastic, lesions. Such comprehensive categorization data for GEMM are still missing. In this study, 874 microscopically categorized liver lesions from 369 macroscopically detected liver "tumors" from five different GEMM for liver tumorigenesis were included. The histologic spectrum of diagnosis included a wide range of both benign and malignant neoplastic (approx. 82%) and non-neoplastic (approx. 18%) lesions including hyperplasia, reactive bile duct changes or oval cell proliferations with huge variations among the various models and genetic backgrounds. Our study therefore critically demonstrates that models of liver tumorigenesis can harbor a huge variety of histopathologically distinct diagnosis and, depending on the genotype, notable variations are expectable. These findings are extremely important to warrant the correct application of GEMM in liver cancer research and clearly emphasize the role of basic histopathology as still being a crucial tool in modern biomedical research.
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15
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Lee SE, Alcedo KP, Kim HJ, Snider NT. Alternative Splicing in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:699-712. [PMID: 32389640 PMCID: PMC7490524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of primary liver cancer cases, with more than 850,000 new diagnoses per year globally. Recent trends in the United States have shown that liver cancer mortality has continued to increase in both men and women, while 5-year survival remains below 20%. Understanding key mechanisms that drive chronic liver disease progression to HCC can reveal new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for early detection of HCC. In that regard, many studies have underscored the importance of alternative splicing as a source of novel HCC prognostic markers and disease targets. Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA provides functional diversity to the genome, and endows cells with the ability to rapidly remodel the proteome. Genes that control fundamental processes, such as metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, are altered globally in HCC by alternative splicing. This review highlights the major splicing factors, RNA binding proteins, transcriptional targets, and signaling pathways that are of key relevance to HCC. We highlight primary research from the past 3-5 years involving functional interrogation of alternative splicing in rodent and human liver, using both large-scale transcriptomic and focused mechanistic approaches. Because this is a rapidly advancing field, we anticipate that it will be transformative for the future of basic liver biology, as well as HCC diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karel P. Alcedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hong Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Natasha T. Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Natasha Snider, PhD, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, 5340C MBRB, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516. fax: (919) 966-6927.
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16
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Wang G, Wang Q, Liang N, Xue H, Yang T, Chen X, Qiu Z, Zeng C, Sun T, Yuan W, Liu C, Chen Z, He X. Oncogenic driver genes and tumor microenvironment determine the type of liver cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:313. [PMID: 32366840 PMCID: PMC7198508 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) may be mainly classified as the following four types: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), hepatoblastoma (HB), and combined hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-ICC). The majority of PLC develops in the background of tumor microenvironment, such as inflammatory microenvironments caused by viral hepatitis, alcoholic or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC), and necroptosis-associated hepatic cytokine microenvironment caused by necroptosis of hepatocytes. However, the impact of different types of microenvironments on the phenotypes of PLC generated by distinct oncogenes is still unclear. In addition, the cell origin of different liver cancers have not been clarified, as far as we know. Recent researches show that mature hepatocytes retain phenotypic plasticity to differentiate into cholangiocytes. More importantly, our results initially demonstrated that HCC, ICC, and cHCC-ICC could originate from mature hepatocytes rather than liver progenitor cells (LPCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and cholangiocytes in AKT-driven, AKT/NICD-driven and AKT/CAT-driven mouse PLC models respectively by using hydrodynamic transfection methodology. Therefore, liver tumors originated from mature hepatocytes embody a wide spectrum of phenotypes from HCC to CC, possibly including cHCC-ICC and HB. However, the underlying mechanism determining the cancer phenotype of liver tumors has yet to be delineated. In this review, we will provide a summary of the possible mechanisms for directing the cancer phenotype of liver tumors (i.e., ICC, HCC, and cHCC-ICC) in terms of oncogenic driver genes and tumor microenvironment. Moreover, this study initially revealed the cell origin of different types of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 74th Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, 510220, China.,Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Anorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Hongyuan Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan North Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201907, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuguang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China
| | - Zhaoyan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The 74th Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, 510318, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Departmentof Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zheng zhou, 450052, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan North Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201907, China. .,Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Zhangqian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China. .,State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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17
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Asahina K, Balog S, Hwang E, Moon E, Wan E, Skrypek K, Chen Y, Fernandez J, Romo J, Yang Q, Lai K, French SW, Tsukamoto H. Moderate alcohol intake promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development in mice expressing oncogenic Kras. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G265-G276. [PMID: 31760766 PMCID: PMC7052574 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00218.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Kras mutations are associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although tobacco smoking, pancreatitis, and obesity are known environmental risk factors for PDAC, the contribution of moderate alcohol intake to PDAC remains elusive. In the present study, we tested whether a combination of risk factors or moderate alcohol intake induces PDAC development in mice. Control Pdx1Cre and Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mutant mice were fed a Western alcohol diet containing high levels of cholesterol and saturated fat, 3.5% alcohol, and lipopolysaccharide for 5 mo. In addition, mice were treated with cerulein, for induction of pancreatitis, and nicotine every month. Treatment with all of these risk factors promoted development of advanced pancreatic neoplasia and PDAC in the Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mice but not in the control Pdx1Cre mice. Moderate alcohol intake or Western diet feeding also significantly promoted advanced neoplasia and PDAC development in Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mice compared with mice fed a regular chow. Alcohol, but not Western diet, increased tumor development in the liver in the Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mice, but its origin remained elusive due to leakiness of Pdx1Cre in hepatocytes. RNA-seq analysis revealed that alcohol feeding increases expression of markers for tumors (Epcam, Krt19, Prom1, Wt1, and Wwtr1), stroma (Dcn, Fn1, and Tnc), and cytokines (Tgfb1 and Tnf) and decreases expression of Fgf21 and Il6 in the pancreatic tumor tissues. Immunostaining showed heterogeneous expression of nephronectin, S100 calcium-binding protein A6, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in pancreatic tumors surrounded by podoplanin-positive stromal cells. Our data indicate that moderate alcohol drinking is a risk factor for development of PDAC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heavy alcohol intake has been suspected to be a risk factor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in humans. However, the contribution of moderate alcohol intake to PDAC development remains elusive. In the present study, we experimentally show that moderate alcohol feeding significantly induces advanced stages of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia development and invasive PDAC in Pdx1Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mutant mice. Our data indicate that moderate alcohol drinking is a risk factor for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinji Asahina
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven Balog
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edward Hwang
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eugene Moon
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily Wan
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kaitlin Skrypek
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yibu Chen
- 2Bioinformatics Service, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jay Fernandez
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Janet Romo
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qihong Yang
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Keane Lai
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samuel W. French
- 3Harbor-Univeristy of California, Los Angeles, Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- 1The Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,4Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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18
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Tao Y, Li R, Shen C, Li J, Zhang Q, Ma Z, Wang F, Wang Z. SENP1 is a crucial promotor for hepatocellular carcinoma through deSUMOylation of UBE2T. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1563-1576. [PMID: 31969492 PMCID: PMC7053586 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cooperative roles of SENP1 and UBE2T in development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still unknown. The expression levels of SENP1 and UBE2T were evaluated in clinical specimens and HCC cells. The relationship between clinicopathological features and SENP1 were analyzed. We constructed the HepG2-SENP1 knockout cell model and explored the functions of SENP1 and UBE2T in HCC development. UBE2T was confirmed as a novel deSUMOylation target of SENP1. Upregulation of SENP1 and UBE2T were observed in HCC tissues and most hepatoma cell lines, and their expression levels were proved to be positively related. Knockout of SENP1 resulted in impaired growth, migration and invasion, and enhanced apoptosis in vitro, as well as inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SENP1 could directly deSUMOylate UBE2T thereby increasing its expression and activating Akt pathway. Functional studies showed that UBE2T overexpression or K8R mutation promoted cell growth, migration and invasion. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that SENP1 and UBE2T were positively related and functioned as tumor promoters. The carcinogenesis of SENP1 is mediated by deSUMOylation of UBE2T and the UBE2T/Akt pathway. Notably, UBE2T was identified as a novel deSUMOylation target of SENP1 in this study for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Tao
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Conghuan Shen
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Quanbao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhenyu Ma
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Bioscience Research Center, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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19
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Low DMT1 Expression Associates With Increased Oxidative Phosphorylation and Early Recurrence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Surg Res 2019; 234:343-352. [PMID: 30527495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a high rate of recurrences, long-term survival can be achieved after the resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with effective local treatment. Discovery of adverse prognostic variables to identify patients with high risk of recurrence could improve the management of HCC. Accumulating evidence showing a link between carcinogenesis and increased expression of iron import proteins and intracellular iron prompted us to investigate a role of divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) that binds and regulates a variety of divalent metals in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and gene expression data from RNA seq in 369 HCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Disease-free survival was compared between DMT1 high- and low-expressing tumors, and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted. RESULTS Patients with lower expression of DMT1 exhibited significantly worse disease-free survival compared with the DMT1 high group (P = 0.044), notably in advanced-stage patients (P = 0.008). DMT1 expression did not differ in etiologies, stages, and differentiation status of HCC. Interestingly, DMT1 expression levels inversely associated with cellular respiratory function in HCC. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis revealed that metabolism-related gene sets such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and reactive oxygen species pathway were significantly enriched in the DMT1 low-expressing HCC. CONCLUSIONS Low DMT1 expression associates with increased oxidative phosphorylation as well as glycolysis and identifies early recurrence in HCC patients after surgical treatment.
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20
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Cheng L, Yuan B, Ying S, Niu C, Mai H, Guan X, Yang X, Teng Y, Lin J, Huang J, Jin R, Wu J, Liu B, Chang S, Wang E, Zhang C, Hou N, Cheng X, Xu D, Yang X, Gao S, Ye Q. PES1 is a critical component of telomerase assembly and regulates cellular senescence. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1090. [PMID: 31106266 PMCID: PMC6520020 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase defers the onset of telomere shortening and cellular senescence by adding telomeric repeat DNA to chromosome ends, and its activation contributes to carcinogenesis. Telomerase minimally consists of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and the telomerase RNA (TR). However, how telomerase assembles is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PES1 (Pescadillo), a protein overexpressed in many cancers, forms a complex with TERT and TR through direct interaction with TERT, regulating telomerase activity, telomere length maintenance, and senescence. PES1 does not interact with the previously reported telomerase components Reptin, Pontin, p23, and Hsp90. PES1 facilitates telomerase assembly by promoting direct interaction between TERT and TR without affecting TERT and TR levels. PES1 expression correlates positively with telomerase activity and negatively with senescence in patients with breast cancer. Thus, we identify a previously unknown telomerase complex, and targeting PES1 may open a new avenue for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Sunyang Ying
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chang Niu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongxu Mai
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Lin
- First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Junjian Huang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Microorganism Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Microorganism Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shaohong Chang
- Department of Microorganism Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Enqun Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Anqing Municipal Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, Anhui 246003, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Anqing Municipal Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, Anhui 246003, China
| | - Ning Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Danyang Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
- Corresponding author. (Q.Y.); (S.G.); (X.Y.)
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
- Corresponding author. (Q.Y.); (S.G.); (X.Y.)
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Corresponding author. (Q.Y.); (S.G.); (X.Y.)
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21
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Lin J, Tan H, Nie Y, Wu D, Zheng W, Lin W, Zhu Z, Yang B, Chen X, Chen T. Krüppel-like factor 2 inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis through negative regulation of the Hedgehog pathway. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1220-1231. [PMID: 30719823 PMCID: PMC6447955 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The most important reason for the occurrence of HCC is hepatitis C or B infection. Moreover, genetic factors play an important role in the tumorigenesis of HCC. Here, we demonstrated that Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) expression was downregulated in HCC samples compared with adjacent tissues. Additionally, KLF2 was shown to inhibit the growth, migration and colony-formation ability of liver cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that KLF2 can compete with Gli1 for interaction with HDAC1 and restrains Hedgehog signal activation. Together, our results suggest that KLF2 has potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinBo Lin
- Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Affiliated Longgang Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huifang Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Nie
- Clinical Research Lab Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongwen Wu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiji Zheng
- Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Affiliated Longgang Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wensong Lin
- Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Affiliated Longgang Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Affiliated Longgang Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Affiliated Longgang Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Lab Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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22
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Dynamic expression of ZNF382 and its tumor-suppressor role in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2019; 38:4804-4819. [PMID: 30804458 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Zinc-finger protein 382 (ZNF382), which belongs to zinc-finger protein family, has been documented to be downregulated in certain types of cancer. However, its role in HCC remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that ZNF382 expression was significantly elevated in HBV-infected liver cirrhosis tissues relative to HBV-negative normal liver tissues at protein levels, but not at mRNA levels, and was positively correlated with the levels of HBV DNA and hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx). Further studies revealed that ZNF382 was a target of miR-6867, and HBx promoted the translation of ZNF382 during HBV chronic infection through Erk-mediated miR-6867 inhibition. In addition, our data showed that ZNF382 was frequently downregulated by promoter methylation in HBV-related HCCs relative to HBV-infected liver cirrhosis tissues, and decreased expression of ZNF382 was strongly correlated with poor survival in early-stage HCC patients. Functional studies demonstrated that ZNF382 was a potent tumor suppressor in HCC cells through inhibiting cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenic potential in nude mice, and inducing cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, ZNF382 exerted its tumor-suppressor functions in HCC through transcriptionally repressing its downstream targets such as Fos proto-oncogene (FOS), Jun proto-oncogene (JUN), disheveled segment polarity protein 2 (DVL2), and frizzled class receptor 1 (FZD1), thereby impairing the activities of activating protein 1 (AP-1) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and activating p53 signaling. Altogether, our data show that ZNF382 acts as a tumor suppressor, and is co-regulated by HBx and epigenetic mechanism in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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23
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Huo X, Li H, Li Z, Yan C, Mathavan S, Liu J, Gong Z. Transcriptomic analyses of oncogenic hepatocytes reveal common and different molecular pathways of hepatocarcinogenesis in different developmental stages and genders in kras G12V transgenic zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:558-564. [PMID: 30739784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, is mainly due to genetic changes in hepatocytes. However, molecular expression in hepatocytes during hepatocarcinogenesis has not been characterized. In this study, using an inducible kras transgenic zebrafish models for HCC, transcriptomic profiles of oncogenic hepatocytes from larvae, male and female adult fish following a brief induction of oncogenic kras were investigated. We found that oncogenic hepatocytes from all the three sources possess most of the cancer hallmarks at molecular level, including Sustaining proliferative signaling, Evading growth suppressors, Resisting cell death, Avoiding immune destruction, Inflammation, Reprogramming of energy metabolism, Angiogenesis, and Activating invasion and metastasis, suggesting the malignant transformation at molecular level could occur at the early stage of hepatocarcinogensis and can be captured in hepatocytes. However, each group of oncogenic hepatocytes also had their own characteristics. Larval oncogenic hepatocytes have cancer stem cell features. Female oncogenic hepatocytes showed resemblance to a mild human HCC subtype while male oncogenic hepatocytes resembled a severe HCC subtype, consistent with the observed sex disparity of HCC in both zebrafish and human. Finally, the two adult groups were more similar to each other than to the larval group, indicating an overwhelming effect of development over the gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Huo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hankun Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhen Li
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuan Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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24
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Publisher's Note. J Surg Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Xu Y, Wang H, Zeng Y, Tian Y, Shen Z, Xie Z, Chen F, Sun L, Shu R, Li PP, Chen C, Yu J, Wang K, Luo H. Overexpression of CLN3 contributes to tumour progression and predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Surg Oncol 2018; 28:180-189. [PMID: 30851897 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of ceroid-lipofuscinosis 3 (CLN3) has been reported in a variety of human malignancies. However, the role of CLN3 in the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In this study, we found that CLN3 was frequently upregulated in HCC clinical samples and HCC-derived cell lines and was significantly correlated with an APF serum level ≥20 μg/L, a tumour size ≥5 cm, multiple tumours, and the absence of encapsulation. Kaplan-Meier showed that CLN3 upregulation predicted shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) time in HCC patients. Cox regression analysis revealed that CLN3 upregulation was an independent risk factor for RFS and OS. A functional study demonstrated that the knockdown of CLN3 expression profoundly suppressed the growth and metastasis of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway was essential for mediating CLN3 function. In conclusion, our results provide the first evidence that CLN3 contributes to tumour progression and metastasis and offer a potential prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Yujian Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Zongwen Shen
- Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Zhenrong Xie
- Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Fengrong Chen
- Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Ruo Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Peng Peng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China
| | - Juehua Yu
- Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China.
| | - Kunhua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China.
| | - Huayou Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Yunnan Clinical Center for General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China; Yunnan Engineering Technology Centre for Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, PR China.
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26
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Xu A, Wang B, Fu J, Qin W, Yu T, Yang Z, Lu Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang H. Diet-induced hepatic steatosis activates Ras to promote hepatocarcinogenesis via CPT1α. Cancer Lett 2018; 442:40-52. [PMID: 30401637 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the RAS cascade ubiquitously occurs in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), regardless of rare mutations of RAS. However, the association between the Ras cascade and hepatic steatosis during hepatocarcinogenesis remains under-investigated. Here, the variation in the constitutive activity of Ras signaling and HCC incidence was found in a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-HCC mouse model, and Ras activity was induced by hepatic steatosis. Even in hepatocyte-specific expression of KrasG12D (Alb-Cre/KrasG12D, Krashep) mice, mutagenic activation of Ras signaling was still significantly enhanced by NAFLD, with downregulation of negative regulators. Interestingly, hepatic steatosis could be alleviated by persistent activation of Ras, whereas Ras accelerated DNA damage and HCC progression through Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1α). A close correlation between active Ras and CPT1α was also shown in clinical steatosis peri-tumor tissues of HCC samples and experimental models. CPT1α inhibitor etomoxir (ETO) largely ameliorated active Ras-drived HCC. These findings can provide a novel link between steatosis and Ras activity in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Xu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Bibo Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Qin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Yu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhishi Yang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China; Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
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27
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Brown ZJ, Heinrich B, Greten TF. Mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview and highlights for immunotherapy research. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:536-554. [PMID: 29904153 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models are the basis of preclinical and translational research in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Multiple methods exist to induce tumour formation in mice, including genetically engineered mouse models, chemotoxic agents, intrahepatic or intrasplenic injection of tumour cells and xenograft approaches. Additionally, as HCC generally develops in the context of diseased liver, methods exist to induce liver disease in mice to mimic viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, fibrosis, alcohol-induced liver disease and cholestasis. Similar to HCC in humans, response to therapy in mouse models is monitored with imaging modalities such as CT or MRI, as well as additional techniques involving bioluminescence. As immunotherapy is increasingly applied to HCC, mouse models for these approaches are required for preclinical data. In studying cancer immunotherapy, it is important to consider aspects of antitumour immune responses and to produce a model that mimics the complexity of the immune system. This Review provides an overview of the different mouse models of HCC, presenting techniques to prepare an HCC mouse model and discussing different approaches to help researchers choose an appropriate model for a specific hypothesis. Specific aspects of immunotherapy research in HCC and the applied mouse models in this field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Brown
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bernd Heinrich
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Abnormally activated RAS proteins are the main oncogenic driver that governs the functioning of major signaling pathways involved in the initiation and development of human malignancies. Mutations in RAS genes and or its regulators, most frequent in human cancers, are the main force for incessant RAS activation and associated pathological conditions including cancer. In general, RAS is the main upstream regulator of the highly conserved signaling mechanisms associated with a plethora of important cellular activities vital for normal homeostasis. Mutated or the oncogenic RAS aberrantly activates a web of interconnected signaling pathways including RAF-MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B), protein kinase C (PKC) and ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (RALGDS), etc., leading to uncontrolled transcriptional expression and reprogramming in the functioning of a range of nuclear and cytosolic effectors critically associated with the hallmarks of carcinogenesis. This review highlights the recent literature on how oncogenic RAS negatively use its signaling web in deregulating the expression and functioning of various effector molecules in the pathogenesis of human malignancies.
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29
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Wang B, Fu J, Yu T, Xu A, Qin W, Yang Z, Chen Y, Wang H. Contradictory effects of mitochondria- and non-mitochondria-targeted antioxidants on hepatocarcinogenesis by altering DNA repair in mice. Hepatology 2018; 67:623-635. [PMID: 28898446 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting effects of antioxidant supplementation on cancer prevention or promotion is of great concern to healthy people and cancer patients. Despite recent studies about antioxidants accelerating the progression of lung cancer and melanoma, antioxidants may still play a role in cancer prevention. Both tumor and antioxidants types influence the actual efficacy. However, little is known about the impact of different types of antioxidants on primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including non-mitochondrial- and mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants. Utilizing mouse models of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis, we showed that administration of non-mitochondria-targeted antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the soluble vitamin E analog, Trolox, prevented tumorigenesis, whereas administration of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants SS-31 (the mitochondria-targeted peptide) and Mito-Q (a derivative of ubiquinone) facilitated tumorigenesis. RNA sequencing revealed that NAC and SS-31 caused very different changes in the oxidation-reduction state and DNA damage response. In diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-treated primary hepatocytes, NAC and Trolox alleviated DNA damage by activating ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) for DNA repair whereas SS-31 and Mito-Q aggravated damage by inactivating them. Interestingly, partial recovery of SS-31-scavengened mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) could alleviate SS-31-aggravated DNA damage. Localization of ATM between mitochondria and nuclei was altered after NAC and SS-31 treatment. Furthermore, blockage of phospho-ATR (p-ATR) led to the recurrence of NAC-ameliorated DEN HCC. In contrast, reactivation of p-ATR blocked SS-31-promoted DEN HCC. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the type of antioxidants plays a previously unappreciated role in hepatocarcinogenesis, and provide a mechanistic rationale for exploring the therapeutic use of antioxidants for liver cancer. (Hepatology 2018;67:623-635).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Yu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - An Xu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Qin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhishi Yang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
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30
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Yang X, Pang YY, He RQ, Lin P, Cen JM, Yang H, Ma J, Chen G. Diagnostic value of strand-specific miRNA-101-3p and miRNA-101-5p for hepatocellular carcinoma and a bioinformatic analysis of their possible mechanism of action. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 8:64-84. [PMID: 29321958 PMCID: PMC5757177 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that miRNA might serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for various types of cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of malignant lesion but the significance of miRNAs in HCC remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to establish the diagnostic value of miR-101-3p/5p in HCC and then further investigate the prospective molecular mechanism via a bioinformatic analysis. First, the miR-101 expression profiles and parallel clinical parameters from 362 HCC patients and 50 adjacent non-HCC tissue samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Second, we aggregated all miR-101-3p/5p expression profiles collected from published literature and the Gene Expression Omnibus and TCGA databases. Subsequently, target genes of miR-101-3p and miR-101-5p were predicted by using the miRWalk database and then overlapped with the differentially expressed genes of HCC identified by natural language processing. Finally, bioinformatic analyses were conducted with the overlapping genes. The level of miR-101 was significantly lower in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-HCC tissues (P < 0.001), and the area under the curve of the low miR-101 level for HCC diagnosis was 0.925 (P < 0.001). The pooled summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) of miR-101-3p was 0.86, and the combined SROC curve of miR-101-5p was 0.80. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the target genes of both miR-101-3p and miR-101-5p are involved in several pathways that are associated with HCC. The hub genes for miR-101-3p and miR-101-5p were also found. Our results suggested that both miR-101-3p and miR-101-5p might be potential diagnostic markers in HCC, and that they exert their functions via targeting various prospective genes in the same pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Yu-Yan Pang
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Ultrasonography First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Jie-Mei Cen
- Department of Medical Oncology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
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31
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Tang Q, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Lin SY, Zhu Y, Yang X, Guo AY. Gene expression, regulation of DEN and HBx induced HCC mice models and comparisons of tumor, para-tumor and normal tissues. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:862. [PMID: 29254483 PMCID: PMC5735680 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Chemical and virus induction are two major risk factors, however, the potential molecular mechanisms of their differences remain elusive. In this study, to identify the similarities and differences between chemical and virus induced HCC models, we compared the gene expression profiles between DEN and HBx mice models, as well as the differences among tumor, para-tumor and normal tissues. METHODS We sequenced both gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression for HCC tumor tissues, para-tumor and normal liver tissues from DEN model mice (30-week-old) and downloaded the corresponding microarray expression data of HBx model from GEO database. Then differentially expressed genes (DEGs), miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) were detected by R packages and performed functional enrichment analysis. To explore the gene regulatory network in HCC models, miRNA and TF regulatory networks were constructed by target prediction. RESULTS For model comparison, although DEGs between tumor and normal tissues in DEN and HBx models only had a small part of overlapping, they shared common pathways including lipid metabolism, oxidation-reduction process and immune process. For tissue comparisons in each model, genes in oxidation-reduction process were down-regulated in tumor tissues and genes in inflammatory response showed the highest expression level in para-tumor tissues. Genes highly expressed in both tumor and para-tumor tissues in two models mainly participated in immune and inflammatory response. Genes expressed in HBx model were also involved in cell proliferation and cell migration etc. Network analysis revealed that several miRNAs such as miR-381-3p, miR-142a-3p, miR-214-3p and TFs such as Egr1, Atf3 and Klf4 were the core regulators in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Through the comparative analyses, we found that para-tumor tissue is a highly inflammatory tissue while the tumor tissue is specific with both inflammatory and cancer signaling pathways. The DEN and HBx mice models have different gene expression pattern but shared pathways. This work will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying different HCC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Lin
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanhong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Zheng H, Jiang WH, Tian T, Tan HS, Chen Y, Qiao GL, Han J, Huang SY, Yang Y, Li S, Wang ZG, Gao R, Ren H, Xing H, Ni JS, Wang LH, Ma LJ, Zhou WP. CBX6 overexpression contributes to tumor progression and is predictive of a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18872-18884. [PMID: 28122351 PMCID: PMC5386654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant chromobox (CBX) family protein expression has been reported in a variety of human malignancies. However, the role of CBX6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and patient prognosis remains unknown. In this study, we found that CBX6 was frequently up-regulated in HCC clinical samples and HCC cell lines and that CBX6 expression was significantly correlated with larger tumor sizes (≥ 5 cm, p = 0.011) and multiple tumors (n ≥ 2, p = 0.018). Survival analyses indicated that patients with higher CBX6 expression levels had significantly shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than patients with lower CBX6 expression levels, and multivariate analyses confirmed that increased CBX6 expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for HCC patients. Functional study demonstrated that CBX6 profoundly promoted HCC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, and mechanistic investigation revealed that the S100A9/NF-κB/MAPK pathway was essential for mediating CBX6 function. In conclusion, our results represent the first evidence that CBX6 contributes to tumor progression and indicate that the protein may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for HCC and as a therapeutic target in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Tao Tian
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hai-Song Tan
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Guang-Lei Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jun Han
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Huang
- The Fourth Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, United States of America
| | - Zhen-Guang Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Xing
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Ni
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Zhang EL, Gu J, Zhang ZY, Dong KS, Liang BY, Huang ZY. MicroRNA expression profiling in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma of familial aggregation and hepatitis B virus infection. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:971-976. [PMID: 28693260 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) potently affect hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the miRNA expression profiling in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of familial aggregation and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has not been elucidated. In the present study, the plasma miRNA expression profiles of 3 patients with HCC with familial aggregation of HCC and HBV infection and 1 healthy volunteer were examined by microarray analysis, in order to identify relevant miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of HCC with familial aggregation and HBV infection. The results indicated that 26 miRNAs exhibited a ≥20-fold increase or decrease in the plasma of patients with HCC, compared with the healthy control (24 upregulated and 2 downregulated). Among these altered miRNAs, 15 of them have been reported in HCC. The other 11 miRNAs have never been reported in HCC. These differentially-expressed miRNAs may be potential molecular markers for HCC pathogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Lei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jin Gu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zun-Yi Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Shuai Dong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Bin-Yong Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Zheng H, Yang Y, Han J, Jiang WH, Chen C, Wang MC, Gao R, Li S, Tian T, Wang J, Ma LJ, Ren H, Zhou WP. TMED3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via IL-11/STAT3 signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37070. [PMID: 27901021 PMCID: PMC5128793 DOI: 10.1038/srep37070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 3(TMED3) is a metastatic suppressor in colon cancer, but its function in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. Here, we report that TMED3 was up-regulated in HCC and portal vein tumor thrombus. TMED3 up-regulation in HCC was significantly correlated with aggressive characteristics and predicted poor prognosis in HCC patients. TMED3 overexpression in HCC cell lines promoted cell migration and invasion. In contrast, TMED3 knockdown suppressed HCC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Gene microarray analysis revealed decreased IL-11 expression in TMED3-knockdown cells. We propose that TMED3 promotes HCC metastasis through IL-11/STAT3 signaling. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TMED3 promotes HCC metastasis and is a potential prognostic biomarker in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.,Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Han
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.,Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Meng-Chao Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, United States
| | - Tao Tian
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jian Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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Nonomura Y, Otsuka A, Nakashima C, Seidel JA, Kitoh A, Dainichi T, Nakajima S, Sawada Y, Matsushita S, Aoki M, Takenouchi T, Fujimura T, Hatta N, Koreeda S, Fukushima S, Honda T, Kabashima K. Peripheral blood Th9 cells are a possible pharmacodynamic biomarker of nivolumab treatment efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1248327. [PMID: 28123885 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1248327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nivolumab is associated with a significant improvement in overall survival and progression-free survival, only 20 to 40% of patients experience long-term benefit. It is therefore of great interest to identify a predictive marker of clinical benefit for nivolumab. To address this issue, the frequencies of CD4+ T cell subsets (Treg, Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Th22), CD8+ T cells, and serum cytokine levels (IFNγ, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, TGF-β) were assessed in 46 patients with melanoma. Eighteen patients responded to nivolumab, and the other 28 patients did not. An early increase in Th9 cell counts during the treatment with nivolumab was associated with an improved clinical response. Before the first nivolumab infusion, the responders displayed elevated serum concentrations of TGF-β compared to non-responders. Th9 induction by IL-4 and TGF-β was enhanced by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in vitro. The role of IL-9 in disease progression was further assessed using a murine melanoma model. In vivo IL-9 blockade promoted melanoma progression in mice using an autochthonous mouse melanoma model, and the cytotoxic ability of murine melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells was enhanced in the presence of IL-9 in vitro. These findings suggest that Th9 cells, which produce IL-9, play an important role in the successful treatment of melanoma patients with nivolumab. Th9 cells therefore represent a valid biomarker to be further developed in the setting of anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Nonomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chisa Nakashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Judith A Seidel
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeto Matsushita
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Megumi Aoki
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center , Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takenouchi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital , Niigata, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai, Japan
| | - Naohito Hatta
- Department of Dermatology, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital , Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore
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36
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Feng G, Li J, Zheng M, Yang Z, Liu Y, Zhang S, Ye L, Zhang W, Zhang X. Hepatitis B virus X protein up-regulates C4b-binding protein α through activating transcription factor Sp1 in protection of hepatoma cells from complement attack. Oncotarget 2016; 7:28013-26. [PMID: 27050367 PMCID: PMC5053706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays crucial roles in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously showed that HBx protected hepatoma cells from complement attack by activation of CD59. Moreover, in this study we found that HBx protected hepatoma cells from complement attack by activation of C4b-binding protein α (C4BPα), a potent inhibitor of complement system. We observed that HBx were positively correlated with those of C4BPα in clinical HCC tissues. Mechanistically, HBx activated the promoter core region of C4BPα, located at -1199/-803nt, through binding to transcription factor Sp1. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that HBx was able to bind to the promoter of C4BPα, which could be blocked by Sp1 silencing. Functionally, knockdown of C4BPα obviously increased the deposition of C5b-9, a complex of complement membrane attack, and remarkably abolished the HBx-induced resistance of hepatoma cells from complement attack in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we conclude that HBx up-regulates C4BPα through activating transcription factor Sp1 in protection of liver cancer cells from complement attack. Our finding provides new insights into the mechanism by which HBx enhances protection of hepatoma cells from complement attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Minying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Weiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Gao JZ, Li J, DU JL, Li XL. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR is a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma progression and tumor recurrence. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1791-1798. [PMID: 26998078 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the expression level of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its association with various clinicopathological characteristics, and to further explore the molecular mechanisms of HOTAIR function in HCC. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of HOTAIR in 60 paired fresh HCC samples and adjacent normal liver tissue samples. The association between HOTAIR expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Lentivirus-mediated HOTAIR-specific small hairpin RNA vectors were transfected into HepG2 cells. Cell proliferation and invasion in vitro were examined by MTT and Transwell assays, respectively. A xenograft model was used to analyze the tumorigenesis of liver cancer cells in vivo. In addition, semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules under the condition of HOTAIR inhibition. The results revealed that the expression level of HOTAIR in HCC tissues was higher than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. HOTAIR expression was significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation (P=0.002), metastasis (P=0.002) and early recurrence (P=0.001). In vitro, the inhibition of HOTAIR in liver cancer cells resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation and invasion. HOTAIR depletion significantly inhibited the rate of growth of liver cancer cells in vivo. Furthermore, the expression levels of Wnt and β-catenin were downregulated when HOTAIR expression was suppressed. In conclusion, HOTAIR is important in the progression and recurrence of HCC, partly through the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Targeting HOTAIR may be a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhi Gao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pathology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China; Department of Pathology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Li DU
- Department of Pathology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Lu Y, Zhu MY, Zhang XE, Li W, Dong X, Chen Y, Lin B, Guo JL, Li MS. Construction of a lentiviral expression vector of HBx and its stable expression in human Chang liver cell line. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4482-4489. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i28.4482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To construct a lentiviral expression vector carrying the hepatitis B virus x (HBx) gene and to test its expression in the human Chang liver cell line.
METHODS: The HBx gene was amplified from plasmid pcDNA3.1-HBx by PCR. The purified HBx gene fragment was inserted into the pEB-3xflag-GP-Puro lentiviral vector, and the inserted fragment was identified by PCR, restriction endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing. The recombinant vector was then transfected into Chang liver cells. Puromycin was applied to screen stable cell clones, and the expression of HBx in Chang liver cells was examined by immunofluorescence and Western blot.
RESULTS: Restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing showed that the HBx gene had been successfully subcloned into the pEB-3xflag-GP-Puro vector. The titer of purified recombinant lentivirus was 1 × 108 TU/mL. HBx was produced after transfection with the recombinant lentivirus vector and screening with puromycin. Stable expression of HBx protein was present in Chang liver-HBx cells.
CONCLUSION: The Chang liver-HBx cell line that can stably express the HBx gene has been successfully generated; this model cell may be applied to study the role of HBx in the malignant transformation of liver cells.
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Turhal NS, Savaş B, Çoşkun Ö, Baş E, Karabulut B, Nart D, Korkmaz T, Yavuzer D, Demir G, Doğusoy G, Artaç M. Prevalence of K-Ras mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma: A Turkish Oncology Group pilot study. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:1275-1279. [PMID: 26807232 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common male-predominant type of cancer worldwide. There is no effective treatment regimen available for advanced-stage disease and chemotherapy is generally ineffective in these patients. The number of studies on the prevalence of K-Ras mutations in HCC patients is currently limited. A total of 58 patients from 6 comprehensive cancer centers in 4 metropolitan cities of Turkey were enrolled in this study. Each center committed to enroll approximately 10 random patients whose formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were available for K-Ras, exon 2 genotyping. Two methods were applied based on the availability of adequate amounts of tumor DNA. In the first method, the samples were processed using TheraScreen. The genomic DNA was further used to detect the 7 most frequent somatic mutations (35G>A; 35G>C; 35G>T; 34G>A; 34G>C; 34G>T and 38G>A) in codons 12 and 13 in exon 2 of the K-Ras oncogene by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the second method, the genomic DNA was amplified by PCR using primers specific for K-Ras exon 2 with the GML SeqFinder Sequencing System's KRAS kit. The identified DNA sequence alterations were confirmed by sequencing both DNA strands in two independent experiments with forward and reverse primers. A total of 40 samples had adequate tumor tissue for the mutation analysis. A total of 33 (82.5%) of the investigated samples harbored no mutations in exon 2. All the mutations were identified via a direct sequencing technique, whereas none were identified by TheraScreen. In conclusion, in our patients, HCC exhibited a remarkably low (<20%) K-Ras mutation rate. Patients harboring K-Ras wild-type tumors may be good candidates for treatment with epidermal growth factor inhibitors, such as cetuximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Serdar Turhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Savaş
- Department of Pathology, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Öznur Çoşkun
- Department of Pathology, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Baş
- Department of Pathology, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, 34899 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bülent Karabulut
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Nart
- Department of Pathology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Taner Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Acibadem University, Faculty of Medicine, Maslak Hospital, 34662 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yavuzer
- Department of Pathology, Kartal Training and Research Hospital, 34890 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Demir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bilim University, Faculty of Medicine, 34340 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülen Doğusoy
- Department of Pathology, Bilim University, Faculty of Medicine, 34340 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Artaç
- Department of Medical Oncology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, 42080 Konya, Turkey
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Ju HL, Han KH, Lee JD, Ro SW. Transgenic mouse models generated by hydrodynamic transfection for genetic studies of liver cancer and preclinical testing of anti-cancer therapy. Int J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Lim Ju
- Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyub Han
- Department of Internal Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong Doo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Catholic Kwandong University; Seoul Korea
| | - Simon Weonsang Ro
- Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Transgenic mouse model expressing P53(R172H), luciferase, EGFP, and KRAS(G12D) in a single open reading frame for live imaging of tumor. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8053. [PMID: 25623590 PMCID: PMC4306974 DOI: 10.1038/srep08053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse cancer models allow tumors to be imaged in vivo via co-expression of a reporter gene with a tumor-initiating gene. However, differential transcriptional and translational regulation between the tumor-initiating gene and the reporter gene can result in inconsistency between the actual tumor size and the size indicated by the imaging assay. To overcome this limitation, we developed a transgenic mouse in which two oncogenes, encoding P53R172H and KRASG12D, are expressed together with two reporter genes, encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and firefly luciferase, in a single open reading frame following Cre-mediated DNA excision. Systemic administration of adenovirus encoding Cre to these mice induced specific transgene expression in the liver. Repeated bioluminescence imaging of the mice revealed a continuous increase in the bioluminescent signal over time. A strong correlation was found between the bioluminescent signal and actual tumor size. Interestingly, all liver tumors induced by P53R172H and KRASG12D in the model were hepatocellular adenomas. The mouse model was also used to trace cell proliferation in the epidermis via live fluorescence imaging. We anticipate that the transgenic mouse model will be useful for imaging tumor development in vivo and for investigating the oncogenic collaboration between P53R172H and KRASG12D.
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Zhang W, Lu Z, Kong G, Gao Y, Wang T, Wang Q, Cai N, Wang H, Liu F, Ye L, Zhang X. Hepatitis B virus X protein accelerates hepatocarcinogenesis with partner survivin through modulating miR-520b and HBXIP. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:128. [PMID: 24886421 PMCID: PMC4046021 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays crucial roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We have reported that HBx is able to up-regulate survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. The oncopreotein hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP), a target of miR-520b, is involved in the development of cancer. In this study, we focus on the investigation of hepatocarcinogenesis mediated by HBx. METHODS The expression of HBx and survivin was examined in the liver tissues of HBx-Tg mice. The effect of HBx/survivin on the growth of LO2-X-S cells was determined by colony formation and transplantation in nude mice. The effect of HBx/survivin on promoter of miR-520b was determined by Western blot analysis, luciferase reporter gene assay, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), respectively. The expression of HBx, survivin and HBXIP was detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR in clinical HCC tissues, respectively. The DNA demethylation of HBXIP promoter was examined. The functional influence of miR-520b and HBXIP on proliferation of hepatoma cells was analyzed by MTT, colony formation, EdU and transplantation in nude mice in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In this study, we provided evidence that HBx up-regulated survivin in the liver cancer tissues of HBx-Tg mice aged 18 M. The engineered LO2 cell lines with survivin and/or HBx were successfully established, termed LO2-X-S. MiR-520b was down-regulated in LO2-X-S cells and clinical HCC tissues. Our data revealed that HBx survivin-dependently down-regulated miR-520b through interacting with Sp1 in the cells. HBXIP was highly expressed in LO2-X-S cells, liver cancer tissues of HBx-Tg mice aged 18 M and clinical HCC tissues (75.17%, 112/149). The expression level of HBXIP was positively associated with those of HBx or survivin in clinical HCC tissues. In addition, we showed that HBx survivin-dependently up-regulated HBXIP through inducing demethylation of HBXIP promoter in LO2-X-S cells and clinical HCC tissues. In function, low level miR-520b and high level HBXIP mediated by HBx with partner survivin contributed to the growth of LO2-X-S cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION HBx accelerates hepatocarcinogenesis with partner survivin through modulating tumor suppressor miR-520b and oncoprotein HBXIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Zhanping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yuen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Na Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Honghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Fabao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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