1
|
Wu J, Lu X, Yu J, Li P, Yu X. LINC02253 promote the malignant phenotype of Colon adenocarcinoma cells by up-regulating WWP1-mediated SMAD3 ubiquitination. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 72:101928. [PMID: 37597669 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) represents a type of common malignant tumor originating in the digestive tract. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to engage in regulating the initiation and development of COAD. LncRNA LINC02253 has been reported abnormal expressed in COAD, but the underlying mechanism has not been discussed so far. This study aimed to determine the role and the molecular biology mechanism of LINC02253 in COAD progression and unearthed its specific molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND RESULTS RT-qPCR and Western blot assays were conducted to detect gene expression. Function assays were performed to evaluate the effect of gene expression on COAD cell phenotype. Mechanism analyses were done to verify the association among genes after bioinformatics analysis. The obtained data revealed that LINC02253 demonstrated a high expression in COAD tissues and cells. This gene served as an oncogene, permitting to stimulate proliferation and suppress apoptosis of COAD cells. Mechanically, it was found that LINC02253 recruited FUS to stabilize WWP1 mRNA and WWP1 could mediate SMAD3 ubiquitination, thereby promoting the malignant phenotype formation of COAD cells. CONCLUSIONS LINC02253 was uncovered to exert an oncogenic role, enhancing the proliferation of COAD cells and repressing the cell apoptosis by recruiting FUS and encouraging WWP1-mediated SMAD3 ubiquitination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianhong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinzhong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Pan Li
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Xiqiu Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang F, Huang Z, Wei Q, Liu G, Pu J. E3 ubiquitin ligase HECTD3 is a tumor suppressor and mediates the polyubiquitination of SLC7A11 to promote ferroptosis in colon cancer. Exp Cell Res 2023:113697. [PMID: 37422058 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Homologous to the E6-associated protein carboxyl terminus domain containing 3 (HECTD3) has been reported to play an essential role in biological processes, including drug resistance, metastasis or apoptosis. However, the relationships between HECTD3 and Colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be unclear. In this study, we discovered that HECTD3 expressed lowly in CRC compared with normal tissues and patients with low HECTD3 suffered from poorer survival outcomes relative to those with high HECTD3 levels. HECTD3 inhibition could significantly enhance proliferative, clone abilities and self-renewal capacities of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, our findings revealed that HECTD3 had endogenous interactions with SLC7A11 proteins. HECTD3 promoted the polyubiquitination of SLC7A11 to trigger the degradation of SLC7A11 proteins. Targeting HECTD3 could notably prolong the half-life period of SLC7A11 proteins, thereby promoting its stability. However, the cysteine mutation at amino acid 823 (ubiquitinase active site) of HECTD3 impaired the polyubiquitination of SLC7A11. HECTD3 deficiency depended on accumulated SLC7A11 proteins to accelerate malignant progression of CRC in vitro and in vivo. Thus, HECTD3 could suppress SLC7A11 levels to attenuate the SLC7A11-mediated cystine uptake, leading to enhanced CRC ferroptosis. SLC7A11 inhibition through polyubiquitination by HECTD3 increased ferroptosis, thereby inhibiting CRC tumor growth. Taken together, these results showed that HECTD3 controlled the stability of SLC7A11 and uncovered the function of HECTD3/SLC7A11 axis in regulating CRC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuda Huang
- Proctology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Zihua Huang
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Guoman Liu
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China
| | - Jian Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi Zhuang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fu AB, Xiang SF, He QJ, Ying MD. Kelch-like proteins in the gastrointestinal tumors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:931-939. [PMID: 36266566 PMCID: PMC10104798 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumors have become a worldwide health problem with high morbidity and poor clinical outcomes. Chemotherapy and surgery, the main treatment methods, are still far from meeting the treatment needs of patients, and targeted therapy is in urgent need of development. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that kelch-like (KLHL) proteins play essential roles in maintaining proteostasis and are involved in the progression of various cancers, functioning as adaptors in the E3 ligase complex and promoting the specific degradation of substrates. Therefore, KLHL proteins should be taken into consideration for targeted therapy strategy discovery. This review summarizes the current knowledge of KLHL proteins in gastrointestinal tumors and discusses the potential of KLHL proteins as potential drug targets and prognostic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Bo Fu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310002, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Sen-Feng Xiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Qiao-Jun He
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Mei-Dan Ying
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang YW, Chen SC, Gu DL, Yeh YC, Tsai JJ, Yang KT, Jou YS, Chou TY, Tang TK. A novel HIF1α-STIL-FOXM1 axis regulates tumor metastasis. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:24. [PMID: 35365182 PMCID: PMC8973879 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer that involves in multiple steps including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Centrosome is an organelle that functions as the major microtubule organizing center (MTOC), and centrosome abnormalities are commonly correlated with tumor aggressiveness. However, the conclusive mechanisms indicating specific centrosomal proteins participated in tumor progression and metastasis remain largely unknown. METHODS The expression levels of centriolar/centrosomal genes in various types of cancers were first examined by in silico analysis of the data derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) datasets. The expression of STIL (SCL/TAL1-interrupting locus) protein in clinical specimens was further assessed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis and the oncogenic roles of STIL in tumorigenesis were analyzed using in vitro and in vivo assays, including cell migration, invasion, xenograft tumor formation, and metastasis assays. The transcriptome differences between low- and high-STIL expression cells were analyzed by RNA-seq to uncover candidate genes involved in oncogenic pathways. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and reporter assays were performed to confirm the results. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assay was applied to demonstrate the binding of transcriptional factors to the promoter. RESULTS The expression of STIL shows the most significant increase in lung and various other types of cancers, and is highly associated with patients' survival rate. Depletion of STIL inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Interestingly, excess STIL activates the EMT pathway, and subsequently enhances cancer cell migration and invasion. Importantly, we reveal an unexpected role of STIL in tumor metastasis. A subset of STIL translocate into nucleus and associate with FOXM1 (Forkhead box protein M1) to promote tumor metastasis and stemness via FOXM1-mediated downstream target genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) directly binds to the STIL promoter and upregulates STIL expression under hypoxic condition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that STIL promotes tumor metastasis through the HIF1α-STIL-FOXM1 axis, and highlight the importance of STIL as a promising therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - De-Leung Gu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Jie Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Dept. of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shan Jou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang K Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weidle UH, Brinkmann U, Auslaender S. microRNAs and Corresponding Targets Involved in Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer in Preclinical In Vivo Models. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:453-468. [PMID: 32859626 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The high death toll of colorectal cancer patients is due to metastatic disease which is difficult to treat. The liver is the preferred site of metastasis, followed by the lungs and peritoneum. In order to identify new targets and new modalities of intervention we surveyed the literature for microRNAs (miRs) which modulate metastasis of colorectal cancer in preclinical in vivo models. We identified 12 up-regulated and 19 down-regulated miRs corresponding to the latter criterium. The vast majority (n=16) of identified miRs are involved in modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Other categories of metastasis-related miRs exhibit tumor- and metastasis-suppressing functions, modulation of signaling pathways, transmembrane receptors and a class of miRs, which interfere with targets which do not fit into these categories. Finally, we discuss the principles of miR inhibition and reconstitution of function, prospective clinical evaluation of with miR-related agents in the context of clinical evaluation in metastasis relevant settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Simon Auslaender
- Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Identification of Key circRNAs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Am J Med Sci 2021; 361:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
Cullin 3 (Cul3) family of ubiquitin ligases comprises three components, the RING finger protein RBX1, the Cul3 scaffold, and a Bric-a-brac/Tramtrack/Broad complex (BTB) protein. The BTB protein serves as a bridge to connect Cul3 to substrate and is functionally equivalent to the combination of substrate adaptor and linker in other Cullin complexes. Human genome encodes for ~180 BTB proteins, implying a broad spectrum of ubiquitination signals and substrate repertoire. Accordingly, Cul3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in diverse cellular processes, including cell division, differentiation, cytoskeleton remodeling, stress responses, and nerve cell functions. Emerging evidence has pointed to the prominent role of Cul3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer. This chapter will describe recent advances on the roles of Cul3 E3 ligase complexes in regulating various cancer hallmarks and therapeutic responses and the mutation/dysregulation of Cul3 substrate adaptors in cancer. In particular, we will focus on several extensively studied substrate adaptors, such as Keap1, SPOP, KLHL20, and LZTR1, and will also discuss other recently identified Cul3 adaptors with oncogenic or tumor-suppressive functions. We conclude that Cul3 ubiquitin ligases represent master regulators of human malignancies and highlight the importance of developing modulating agents for oncogenic/tumor-suppressive Cul3 E3 ligase complexes to prevent or intervene tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Targeted protein degradation: expanding the toolbox. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:949-963. [PMID: 31666732 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and related molecules that induce targeted protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system represent a new therapeutic modality and are the focus of great interest, owing to potential advantages over traditional occupancy-based inhibitors with respect to dosing, side effects, drug resistance and modulating 'undruggable' targets. However, the technology is still maturing, and the design elements for successful PROTAC-based drugs are currently being elucidated. Importantly, fewer than 10 of the more than 600 E3 ubiquitin ligases have so far been exploited for targeted protein degradation, and expansion of knowledge in this area is a key opportunity. Here, we briefly discuss lessons learned about targeted protein degradation in chemical biology and drug discovery and systematically review the expression profile, domain architecture and chemical tractability of human E3 ligases that could expand the toolbox for PROTAC discovery.
Collapse
|
9
|
Beltrán-Anaya FO, Romero-Córdoba S, Rebollar-Vega R, Arrieta O, Bautista-Piña V, Dominguez-Reyes C, Villegas-Carlos F, Tenorio-Torres A, Alfaro-Riuz L, Jiménez-Morales S, Cedro-Tanda A, Ríos-Romero M, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Tagliabue E, Iorio MV, Hidalgo-Miranda A. Expression of long non-coding RNA ENSG00000226738 (LncKLHDC7B) is enriched in the immunomodulatory triple-negative breast cancer subtype and its alteration promotes cell migration, invasion, and resistance to cell death. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:909-927. [PMID: 30648789 PMCID: PMC6441920 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive phenotype with poor prognosis compared with ER, PR, and HER2‐positive tumors. TNBC is a heterogeneous disease, and gene expression analysis has identified seven molecular subtypes. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) are involved in regulation of gene expression and cancer biology, contributing to essential cancer cell functions. In this study, we analyzed the expression profile of lncRNA in TNBC subtypes from 156 TNBC samples, and then characterized the functional role of LncKLHDC7B (ENSG00000226738). A total of 710 lncRNA were found to be differentially expressed between TNBC subtypes, and a subset of these altered lncRNA were independently validated. We discovered that LncKLHDC7B (ENSG00000226738) acts as a transcriptional modulator of its neighboring coding gene KLHDC7B in the immunomodulatory subtype. Furthermore, LncKLHDC7B knockdown enhanced migration and invasion, and promoted resistance to cellular death. Our findings confirmed the contribution of LncKLHDC7B to induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration and invasion, suggesting that TNBC tumors with enrichment of LncKLHDC7B may exhibit distinct regulatory activity, or that this may be a generalized process in breast cancer. Additionally, in silico analysis confirmed for the first time that the low expression of KLHDC7B and LncKLHDC7B is associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Omar Beltrán-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Romero-Córdoba
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Rebollar-Vega
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Alfaro-Riuz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Cedro-Tanda
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Ríos-Romero
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Elda Tagliabue
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena V Iorio
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Structural-functional interactions of NS1-BP protein with the splicing and mRNA export machineries for viral and host gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E12218-E12227. [PMID: 30538201 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818012115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virulence factor NS1 protein interacts with the cellular NS1-BP protein to promote splicing and nuclear export of the viral M mRNAs. The viral M1 mRNA encodes the M1 matrix protein and is alternatively spliced into the M2 mRNA, which is translated into the M2 ion channel. These proteins have key functions in viral trafficking and budding. To uncover the NS1-BP structural and functional activities in splicing and nuclear export, we performed proteomics analysis of nuclear NS1-BP binding partners and showed its interaction with constituents of the splicing and mRNA export machineries. NS1-BP BTB domains form dimers in the crystal. Full-length NS1-BP is a dimer in solution and forms at least a dimer in cells. Mutations suggest that dimerization is important for splicing. The central BACK domain of NS1-BP interacts directly with splicing factors such as hnRNP K and PTBP1 and with the viral NS1 protein. The BACK domain is also the site for interactions with mRNA export factor Aly/REF and is required for viral M mRNA nuclear export. The crystal structure of the C-terminal Kelch domain shows that it forms a β-propeller fold, which is required for the splicing function of NS1-BP. This domain interacts with the polymerase II C-terminal domain and SART1, which are involved in recruitment of splicing factors and spliceosome assembly, respectively. NS1-BP functions are not only critical for processing a subset of viral mRNAs but also impact levels and nuclear export of a subset of cellular mRNAs encoding factors involved in metastasis and immunity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Farag AK, Roh EJ. Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family modulators: Current and future therapeutic outcomes. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:349-385. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Karam Farag
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School; University of Science and Technology; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School; University of Science and Technology; Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jang SM, Redon CE, Aladjem MI. Chromatin-Bound Cullin-Ring Ligases: Regulatory Roles in DNA Replication and Potential Targeting for Cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:19. [PMID: 29594129 PMCID: PMC5859106 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING (Really Interesting New Gene) E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), the largest family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, are functional multi-subunit complexes including substrate receptors, adaptors, cullin scaffolds, and RING-box proteins. CRLs are responsible for ubiquitination of ~20% of cellular proteins and are involved in diverse biological processes including cell cycle progression, genome stability, and oncogenesis. Not surprisingly, cullins are deregulated in many diseases and instances of cancer. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of CRL-mediated ubiquitination in the regulation of DNA replication/repair, including specific roles in chromatin assembly and disassembly of the replication machinery. The development of novel therapeutics targeting the CRLs that regulate the replication machinery and chromatin in cancer is now an attractive therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the structure and assembly of CRLs and outline their cellular functions and their diverse roles in cancer, emphasizing the regulatory functions of nuclear CRLs in modulating the DNA replication machinery. Finally, we discuss the current strategies for targeting CRLs against cancer in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirit I. Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo L, Liu Y. Crystal structure of the Kelch domain of human NS1-binding protein at 1.98 Å resolution. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:174-178. [PMID: 29497022 PMCID: PMC5947704 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18001577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NS1-binding protein (NS1-BP), which belongs to the Kelch protein superfamily, was first identified as a novel human 70 kDa protein that interacts with NS1 of Influenza A virus. It is involved in many cell functions, including pre-mRNA splicing, the ERK signalling pathway, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway, F-actin organization and protein ubiquitylation. However, the structure of NS1-BP is still unknown, which may impede functional studies. Here, the structure of the C-terminal Kelch domain of NS1-BP (NS1-BP-C; residues 330-642) was determined at 1.98 Å resolution. The Kelch domain adopts a highly symmetric six-bladed β-propeller fold structure. Each blade of the β-propeller is composed of four antiparallel β-strands. Comparison of the Kelch-domain structures of NS1-BP and its homologues showed that the Gly-Gly pair in β-strand B and the hydrophobic Trp residue in β-strand D are highly conserved, while the B-C loops in blades 2 and 6 are variable. This structure of the Kelch domain of NS1-BP extends the understanding of NS1-BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingfang Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Basic Medical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Functional analysis of Cullin 3 E3 ligases in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1869:11-28. [PMID: 29128526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cullin 3-RING ligases (CRL3) play pivotal roles in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes, including neoplastic events. The substrate adaptors of CRL3 typically contain a BTB domain that mediates the interaction between Cullin 3 and target substrates to promote their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. The biological implications of CRL3 adaptor proteins have been well described where they have been found to play a role as either an oncogene, tumor suppressor, or can mediate either of these effects in a context-dependent manner. Among the extensively studied CRL3-based E3 ligases, the role of the adaptor protein SPOP (speckle type BTB/POZ protein) in tumorigenesis appears to be tissue or cellular context dependent. Specifically, SPOP acts as a tumor suppressor via destabilizing downstream oncoproteins in many malignancies, especially in prostate cancer. However, SPOP has largely an oncogenic role in kidney cancer. Keap1, another well-characterized CRL3 adaptor protein, likely serves as a tumor suppressor within diverse malignancies, mainly due to its specific turnover of its downstream oncogenic substrate, NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). In accordance with the physiological role the various CRL3 adaptors exhibit, several pharmacological agents have been developed to disrupt its E3 ligase activity, therefore blocking its potential oncogenic activity to mitigate tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang YT, Chen J, Chang CW, Jen J, Huang TY, Chen CM, Shen R, Liang SY, Cheng IC, Yang SC, Lai WW, Cheng KH, Hsieh TS, Lai MZ, Cheng HC, Wang YC, Chen RH. Ubiquitination of tumor suppressor PML regulates prometastatic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2982-2997. [PMID: 28691927 DOI: 10.1172/jci89957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. However, the mechanism by which tumor cells regulate the cell and non-cell constituents of surrounding stroma remains incompletely understood. Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) is a pleiotropic tumor suppressor, but its role in tumor microenvironment regulation is poorly characterized. PML is frequently downregulated in many cancer types, including lung cancer. Here, we identify a PML ubiquitination pathway that is mediated by WD repeat 4-containing cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase 4 (CRL4WDR4). Clinically, this PML degradation pathway is hyperactivated in lung cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. The WDR4/PML axis induces a set of cell-surface or secreted factors, including CD73, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and serum amyloid A2 (SAA2), which elicit paracrine effects to stimulate migration, invasion, and metastasis in multiple lung cancer models. In xenograft and genetically engineered mouse models, the WDR4/PML axis elevates intratumoral Tregs and M2-like macrophages and reduces CD8+ T cells to promote lung tumor growth. These immunosuppressive effects were all reversed by CD73 blockade. Our study identifies WDR4 as an oncoprotein that negatively regulates PML via ubiquitination to promote lung cancer progression by fostering an immunosuppressive and prometastatic tumor microenvironment, suggesting the potential of immune-modulatory approaches for treating lung cancer with aberrant PML degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jocelyn Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Wei Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jayu Jen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Suh-Yuen Liang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Cheng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaoshiung, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Shih Hsieh
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Zong Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu SB, Shen ZF, Guo YJ, Cao LX, Xu Y. PML silencing inhibits cell proliferation and induces DNA damage in cultured ovarian cancer cells. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:29-35. [PMID: 28685056 PMCID: PMC5492820 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene is a tumor suppressor gene. It was first identified in acute promyelocytic leukemia, in which it is fused to retinoic acid receptor α by the (15;17) chromosomal translocation. The function of the PML protein is frequently lost or aberrant in human solid tumors. In human ovarian carcinoma tissue, PML detected by immunohistochemistry was highly expressed. A PML-silencing vector, pSRG-shPml, was constructed and used to transfect human ovarian cancer cells. Cells were cultured and selected with puromycin for 10–15 days, and then the PML mRNA expression levels were detected by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. Proliferation and clone number of PML-depleted cells were detected using MTT assay and colony-forming assay. The protein expression associated with DNA damage and apoptosis was assessed in PML-depleted cells using western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The results showed that PML was highly expressed in human ovarian tissue. The proliferation and colony formation of ovarian cancer cells were significantly inhibited after PML was depleted. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence revealed that p-H2AX and cleaved caspase-3 expression significantly increased after PML silencing. PML was located in the nucleus, and it formed foci after X-ray irradiation. PML foci increased significantly with increasing irradiation doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Bing Liu
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Fei Shen
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Guo
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xian Cao
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Aibar S, Abaigar M, Campos-Laborie FJ, Sánchez-Santos JM, Hernandez-Rivas JM, De Las Rivas J. Identification of expression patterns in the progression of disease stages by integration of transcriptomic data. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:432. [PMID: 28185568 PMCID: PMC5133487 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the study of complex diseases using genome-wide expression data from clinical samples, a difficult case is the identification and mapping of the gene signatures associated to the stages that occur in the progression of a disease. The stages usually correspond to different subtypes or classes of the disease, and the difficulty to identify them often comes from patient heterogeneity and sample variability that can hide the biomedical relevant changes that characterize each stage, making standard differential analysis inadequate or inefficient. Results We propose a methodology to study diseases or disease stages ordered in a sequential manner (e.g. from early stages with good prognosis to more acute or serious stages associated to poor prognosis). The methodology is applied to diseases that have been studied obtaining genome-wide expression profiling of cohorts of patients at different stages. The approach allows searching for consistent expression patterns along the progression of the disease through two major steps: (i) identifying genes with increasing or decreasing trends in the progression of the disease; (ii) clustering the increasing/decreasing gene expression patterns using an unsupervised approach to reveal whether there are consistent patterns and find genes altered at specific disease stages. The first step is carried out using Gamma rank correlation to identify genes whose expression correlates with a categorical variable that represents the stages of the disease. The second step is done using a Self Organizing Map (SOM) to cluster the genes according to their progressive profiles and identify specific patterns. Both steps are done after normalization of the genomic data to allow the integration of multiple independent datasets. In order to validate the results and evaluate their consistency and biological relevance, the methodology is applied to datasets of three different diseases: myelodysplastic syndrome, colorectal cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. A software script written in R, named genediseasePatterns, is provided to allow the use and application of the methodology. Conclusion The method presented allows the analysis of the progression of complex and heterogeneous diseases that can be divided in pathological stages. It identifies gene groups whose expression patterns change along the advance of the disease, and it can be applied to different types of genomic data studying cohorts of patients in different states. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-1290-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aibar
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics research group, Cancer Research Center (IMBCC, CSIC/USAL) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Abaigar
- Unidad de Diagnóstico Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Cancer Research Center (IMBCC, CSIC/USAL) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL/USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Jose Campos-Laborie
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics research group, Cancer Research Center (IMBCC, CSIC/USAL) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Sánchez-Santos
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics research group, Cancer Research Center (IMBCC, CSIC/USAL) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesus M Hernandez-Rivas
- Unidad de Diagnóstico Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Cancer Research Center (IMBCC, CSIC/USAL) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL/USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics research group, Cancer Research Center (IMBCC, CSIC/USAL) and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chaharbakhshi E, Jemc JC. Broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-à-brac (BTB) proteins: Critical regulators of development. Genesis 2016; 54:505-518. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Chaharbakhshi
- Department of Biology; Loyola University Chicago; Chicago IL
- Stritch School of Medicine; Loyola University Chicago; Maywood IL
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang J, Zhu ZH, Yang HB, Zhang Y, Zhao XN, Zhang M, Liu YB, Xu YY, Lei QY. Cullin 3 targets methionine adenosyltransferase IIα for ubiquitylation-mediated degradation and regulates colorectal cancer cell proliferation. FEBS J 2016; 283:2390-402. [PMID: 27213918 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cullin 3 (CUL3) serves as a scaffold protein and assembles a large number of ubiquitin ligase complexes. It is involved in multiple cellular processes and plays a potential role in tumor development and progression. In this study, we demonstrate that CUL3 targets methionine adenosyltransferase IIα (MAT IIα) and promotes its proteasomal degradation through the ubiquitylation-mediated pathway. MAT IIα is a key enzyme in methionine metabolism and is associated with uncontrolled cell proliferation in cancer. We presently found that CUL3 down-regulation could rescue folate deprivation-induced MAT IIα exhaustion and growth arrest in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Further results from human CRC samples display an inverse correlation between CUL3 and MAT IIα protein levels. Our observations reveal a novel role of CUL3 in regulating cell proliferation by controlling the stability of MAT IIα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Cancer Metabolism Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Hua Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Cancer Metabolism Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Cancer Metabolism Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Cancer Metabolism Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Cancer Metabolism Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Bin Liu
- Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, China
| | - Ying-Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Cancer Metabolism Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun-Ying Lei
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Cancer Metabolism Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen HY, Chen RH. Cullin 3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Cancer Biology: Functions and Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2016; 6:113. [PMID: 27200299 PMCID: PMC4852199 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases are the largest E3 ligase family in eukaryotes and are multiprotein complexes. In these complexes, the Cullin protein serves as a scaffold to connect two functional modules of the ligases, the catalytic subunit and substrate-binding subunit. To date, eight members of the Cullin family proteins have been identified. In the Cul3 ubiquitin ligases, Bric-a-brac/Tramtrack/Broad complex (BTB) domain-containing proteins function as a bridge to connect Cul3 and substrates. While the BTB domain is responsible for Cul3 binding, these proteins usually contain an additional domain for substrate interaction, such as MATH, kelch, Zn finger, and PAM, Highwire, and RPM-1 (PHR domain). With the existence of a large number of BTB proteins in human, the Cul3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinate a wide range of substrates involving in diverse cellular functions. In this review, we will discuss recent advances on the functions of Cul3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer development, progression, and therapeutic response and the dysregulation of Cul3-mediated ubiquitination events in human malignancies. In particular, we will focus on three Cul3 substrate adaptors, kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1), kelch-like family member 20 (KLHL20), and speckle type BTB/POZ protein (SPOP), with the intent to highlight novel targets in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen HY, Liu CC, Chen RH. Cul3-KLHL20 ubiquitin ligase: physiological functions, stress responses, and disease implications. Cell Div 2016; 11:5. [PMID: 27042198 PMCID: PMC4818519 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-016-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases are the largest Ubiquitin ligase family in eukaryotes and are multi-protein complexes. In these complexes, the Cullin protein serves as a scaffold to connect two functional modules of the ligases, the catalytic subunit and substrate-binding subunit. KLHL20 is a substrate-binding subunit of Cullin3 (Cul3) ubiquitin ligase. Recent studies have identified a number of substrates of KLHL20-based ubiquitin ligase. Through ubiquitination of these substrates, KLHL20 elicits diverse cellular functions, some of which are associated with human diseases. Furthermore, the functions, subcellular localizations, and expression of KLHL20 are regulated by several physiological and stressed signals, which allow KLHL20 to preferentially act on certain substrates to response to these signals. Here, we provide a summary of the functions and regulations of KLHL20 in several physiological processes and stress responses and its disease implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chih Liu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guan D, Kao HY. The function, regulation and therapeutic implications of the tumor suppressor protein, PML. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:60. [PMID: 26539288 PMCID: PMC4632682 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein, promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), was originally identified in acute promyelocytic leukemia due to a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. PML is the core component of subnuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which are disrupted in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. PML plays important roles in cell cycle regulation, survival and apoptosis, and inactivation or down-regulation of PML is frequently found in cancer cells. More than 120 proteins have been experimentally identified to physically associate with PML, and most of them either transiently or constitutively co-localize with PML-NBs. These interactions are associated with many cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and intermediary metabolism. Importantly, PML inactivation in cancer cells can occur at the transcriptional-, translational- or post-translational- levels. However, only a few somatic mutations have been found in cancer cells. A better understanding of its regulation and its role in tumor suppression will provide potential therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss the role of PML in multiple tumor suppression pathways and summarize the players and stimuli that control PML protein expression or subcellular distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| |
Collapse
|