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Menko FH, van der Velden SL, Griffioen DN, Ait Moha D, Jeanson KN, Hogervorst FBL, Giesbertz NAA, Bleiker EMA, van der Kolk LE. Does a proactive procedure lead to a higher uptake of predictive testing in families with a pathogenic BRCA1/BRCA2 variant? A family cancer clinic evaluation. J Genet Couns 2024; 33:615-622. [PMID: 37605508 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of genetic counseling and predictive genetic testing by family members at risk for hereditary tumor syndromes is generally below 50%. To address this issue, a new guideline was introduced in the Netherlands in 2019 that aims to improve the sharing of information within families. In addition to cascade screening supported by follow-up telephone calls with the proband, municipal records were accessed to allow the geneticist to contact at-risk family members directly. We evaluated this procedure in 32 families with a (likely) pathogenic germline BRCA1/BRCA2 variant diagnosed at our hospital between May 1, 2020, and July 31, 2021, comparing current uptake with outcomes achieved for 33 families diagnosed in 2014. Fifteen months after diagnostic testing of the proband, the uptake was 43% (120/277), comparable to the 44% (87/200) registered previously. Among a subgroup of women at 50% risk aged 25-75 years, 71% (47/66) were tested, comparable to an earlier uptake of 69% (59/86). Of the 34 at-risk relatives we contacted directly, 17 (50%) underwent predictive testing. In conclusion, we found no evidence that the new procedure leads to a substantially increased uptake. Future research should be primarily aimed at understanding intrafamilial communication barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred H Menko
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie L van der Velden
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana N Griffioen
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daoud Ait Moha
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki N Jeanson
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noor A A Giesbertz
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline M A Bleiker
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Mouren A, Chansavang A, Hamzaoui N, Srikaran A, Laurent-Puig P, Marisa L, De Percin S, Lupo A, Larousserie F, Blons H, L'Haridon A, Burnichon N, Pasmant E, Tlemsani C. A de novo germline pathogenic BRCA1 variant identified following an osteosarcoma pangenomic molecular analysis. Fam Cancer 2024:10.1007/s10689-024-00393-0. [PMID: 38763984 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-024-00393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
De novo germline pathogenic variants (gPV) of the BReast CAncer 1 (BRCA1) gene are very rare. Only a few have been described up to date, usually in patients with a history of ovarian or breast cancer. Here, we report the first case of an incidental de novo BRCA1 germline pathogenic variant which was identified within the framework of the Plan France Médecine Génomique (PFMG) 2025 French national tumor sequencing program. The proband was a 29-year-old man diagnosed with metastatic osteosarcoma. Tumor whole exome sequencing identified a BRCA1 c.3756_3759del p.(Ser1253Argfs*10) pathogenic variant without loss-of-heterozygosity. A low genomic instability score and the absence of single base substitution signatures of homologous recombination deficiency suggested that the BRCA1 variant was not driver in the osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. Germline whole genome sequencing asserted the germline nature of this variant, with a 36% allele frequency, suggesting a mosaicism caused by a post-zygotic mutational event. The proband's family (parents and siblings) were not carriers of this variant confirming the de novo occurrence. Tumor sequencing programs like the French PFMG 2025 have been implemented worldwide and may help identify new gPV, including de novo variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Mouren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cochin Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, Université Paris Cité, APHP.Centre, Paris, France
| | - Albain Chansavang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Cochin Hospital, Université Paris Cité, APHP.Centre, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Nadim Hamzaoui
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Cochin Hospital, Université Paris Cité, APHP.Centre, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Arunya Srikaran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cochin Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, Université Paris Cité, APHP.Centre, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Institut du Cancer Paris Carpem, AP-HP, Genomic Medicine of Tumors and Cancers Department, Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Université Paris Cité, APHP.Centre, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS SNC 5096, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Sixtine De Percin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cochin Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, Université Paris Cité, APHP.Centre, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Lupo
- Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, Université Paris Cité, APHP.Centre, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Larousserie
- Department of Pathology, Cochin Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, Université Paris Cité, APHP.Centre, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Blons
- Institut du Cancer Paris Carpem, AP-HP, Genomic Medicine of Tumors and Cancers Department, Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Université Paris Cité, APHP.Centre, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS SNC 5096, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Nelly Burnichon
- Institut du Cancer Paris Carpem, AP-HP, Genomic Medicine of Tumors and Cancers Department, Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Université Paris Cité, APHP.Centre, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Cochin Hospital, Université Paris Cité, APHP.Centre, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Camille Tlemsani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cochin Hospital, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, Université Paris Cité, APHP.Centre, Paris, France.
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France.
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3
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Filip CI, Cătană A, Kutasi E, Roman SA, Militaru MS, Risteiu GA, Dindelengan GC. Breast Cancer Screening and Prophylactic Mastectomy for High-Risk Women in Romania. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:570. [PMID: 38674216 PMCID: PMC11052261 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality within oncology. Risk factors, encompassing genetic and environmental influences, significantly contribute to its prevalence. While germline mutations, notably within the BRCA genes, are commonly associated with heightened breast cancer risk, a spectrum of other variants exists among affected individuals. Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques, biopsies, biomarkers, and genetic testing, facilitating personalised risk assessment through specific scoring systems. Breast cancer screening programs employing mammography and other imaging modalities play a crucial role in early detection and management, leading to improved outcomes for affected individuals. Regular screening enables the identification of suspicious lesions or abnormalities at earlier stages, facilitating timely intervention and potentially reducing mortality rates associated with breast cancer. Genetic mutations guide screening protocols, prophylactic interventions, treatment modalities, and patient prognosis. Prophylactic measures encompass a range of interventions, including chemoprevention, hormonal inhibition, oophorectomy, and mastectomy. Despite their efficacy in mitigating breast cancer incidence, these interventions carry potential side effects and psychological implications, necessitating comprehensive counselling tailored to individual cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Ioan Filip
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Unit, Emergency District Hospital, 400535 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.F.); (G.C.D.)
- First Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Cătană
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
- Department of Oncogeneticcs, Institute of Oncology, “Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuță”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Regional Laboratory Cluj-Napoca, Department of Medical Genetics, Regina Maria Health Network, 400363 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eniko Kutasi
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Sara Alexia Roman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Mariela Sanda Militaru
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
- Regional Laboratory Cluj-Napoca, Department of Medical Genetics, Regina Maria Health Network, 400363 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Giulia Andreea Risteiu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
| | - George Călin Dindelengan
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Unit, Emergency District Hospital, 400535 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.F.); (G.C.D.)
- First Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Brignola C, Volorio S, De Vecchi G, Zaffaroni D, Dall’Olio V, Mariette F, Sardella D, Capra F, Signoroni S, Rausa E, Vitellaro M, Pensotti V, Ricci MT. De novo germline pathogenic variant in Lynch Syndrome: A rare event or the tip of the iceberg? TUMORI JOURNAL 2024; 110:69-73. [PMID: 37691472 PMCID: PMC10851626 DOI: 10.1177/03008916231197113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Lynch Syndrome is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline pathogenic variants or epimutation in one of the DNA mismatch repair genes. De novo pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes have been described as a rare event in Lynch Syndrome (1-5%), although the prevalence of de novo pathogenic variants in Lynch Syndrome is probably underestimated. The de novo pathogenic variant was identified in a 26-year-old woman diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of the caecum with mismatch repair protein deficiency at immunohistochemistry and a synchronous neuroendocrine tumor of the appendix with normal expression of mismatch repair proteins. DNA testing revealed deletion of exon 6 of the MLH1 gene. It appeared to be a de novo event, as the deletion was not detected in the patient's parents. The presence of a mosaicism in the patient was excluded and haplotype analysis demonstrated the paternal origin of the chromosome harboring the deletion. The de novo deletion probably originated either from a very early postzygotic or a single prezygotic mutational event, or from a gonadal mosaicism. In conclusion, the identification of de novo pathogenic variants is crucial to allow proper genetic counseling and appropriate management of the patient's family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clorinda Brignola
- Unit of Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Volorio
- Cancer Genetics Test Laboratory, Cogentech s.r.l. Società Benefit a Socio Unico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Vecchi
- Cancer Genetics Test Laboratory, Cogentech s.r.l. Società Benefit a Socio Unico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Zaffaroni
- Unit of Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Dall’Olio
- Cancer Genetics Test Laboratory, Cogentech s.r.l. Società Benefit a Socio Unico, Milan, Italy
| | - Frederique Mariette
- Cancer Genetics Test Laboratory, Cogentech s.r.l. Società Benefit a Socio Unico, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Sardella
- Cancer Genetics Test Laboratory, Cogentech s.r.l. Società Benefit a Socio Unico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Capra
- Cancer Genetics Test Laboratory, Cogentech s.r.l. Società Benefit a Socio Unico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Signoroni
- Unit of Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rausa
- Unit of Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vitellaro
- Unit of Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Pensotti
- Cancer Genetics Test Laboratory, Cogentech s.r.l. Società Benefit a Socio Unico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ricci
- Unit of Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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5
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Tuncer SB, Celik B, Erciyas SK, Erdogan OS, Gültaslar BK, Odemis DA, Avsar M, Sen F, Saip PM, Yazici H. Germline mutational variants of Turkish ovarian cancer patients suspected of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) by next-generation sequencing. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155075. [PMID: 38219492 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome is characterized by an increased risk of developing breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) due to inherited genetic mutations. Understanding the genetic variants associated with HBOC is crucial for identifying individuals at high risk and implementing appropriate preventive measures. The study included 630 Turkish OC patients with confirmed diagnostic criteria of The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) concerning HBOC. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples, and targeted Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed. Bioinformatics analysis and variant interpretation were conducted to identify pathogenic variants (PVs). Our analysis revealed a spectrum of germline pathogenic variants associated with HBOC in Turkish OC patients. Notably, several pathogenic variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, and other DNA repair genes were identified. Specifically, we observed germline PVs in 130 individuals, accounting for 20.63% of the total cohort. 76 distinct PVs in genes, BRCA1 (40 PVs), BRCA2 (29 PVs), ATM (1 PV), CHEK2 (2 PVs), ERCC2 (1 PV), MUTYH (1 PV), RAD51C (1 PV), and TP53 (1PV) and also, two different PVs (i.e., c.135-2 A>G p.? in BRCA1 and c.6466_6469delTCTC in BRCA2) were detected in a 34-year-old OC patient. In conclusion, our study contributes to a better understanding of the genetic variants underlying HBOC in Turkish OC patients. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic architecture of HBOC in the Turkish population and shed light on the potential contribution of specific germline PVs to the increased risk of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seref Bugra Tuncer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Betul Celik
- Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Department of Molecular Biology, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Seda Kilic Erciyas
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Sukruoglu Erdogan
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Busra Kurt Gültaslar
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Demet Akdeniz Odemis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mukaddes Avsar
- Health Services Vocational of Higher Education, T.C. Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Sen
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Avrasya Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Pınar Mualla Saip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hulya Yazici
- Istanbul Arel University, Arel Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
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6
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Horackova K, Janatova M, Kleiblova P, Kleibl Z, Soukupova J. Early-Onset Ovarian Cancer <30 Years: What Do We Know about Its Genetic Predisposition? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17020. [PMID: 38069345 PMCID: PMC10707471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced epithelial OC in their late 60s, and early-onset adult OC diagnosed ≤30 years is rare, accounting for less than 5% of all OC cases. The most significant risk factor for OC development are germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (GPVs) in OC predisposition genes (including BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, RAD51C, RAD51D, Lynch syndrome genes, or BRIP1), which contribute to the development of over 20% of all OC cases. GPVs in BRCA1/BRCA2 are the most prevalent. The presence of a GPV directs tailored cancer risk-reducing strategies for OC patients and their relatives. Identification of OC patients with GPVs can also have therapeutic consequences. Despite the general assumption that early cancer onset indicates higher involvement of hereditary cancer predisposition, the presence of GPVs in early-onset OC is rare (<10% of patients), and their heritability is uncertain. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genetic predisposition to early-onset OC, with a special focus on epithelial OC, and suggests other alternative genetic factors (digenic, oligogenic, polygenic heritability, genetic mosaicism, imprinting, etc.) that may influence the development of early-onset OC in adult women lacking GPVs in known OC predisposition genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Horackova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.J.); (P.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Marketa Janatova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.J.); (P.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.J.); (P.K.); (Z.K.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.J.); (P.K.); (Z.K.)
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.J.); (P.K.); (Z.K.)
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7
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Madar L, Majoros V, Szűcs Z, Nagy O, Babicz T, Butz H, Patócs A, Balogh I, Koczok K. Double Heterozygosity for Rare Deleterious Variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes in a Hungarian Patient with Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15334. [PMID: 37895014 PMCID: PMC10607119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary breast cancer is most commonly attributed to germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene variants. The vast majority of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are single heterozygotes, and double heterozygosity (DH) is a very rare finding. Here, we describe the case of a BRCA1/BRCA2 double heterozygous female proband diagnosed with breast cancer. Genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer revealed two pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 (c.5095C>T, p.(Arg1699Trp)) and in BRCA2 genes (c.658_659delGT, p.(Val220Ilefs*4)) in heterozygous form. None of the variants were founder Jewish mutations; to our knowledge, these rare deleterious variants have not been previously described in DH patients in the literature. The patient had triple-negative unilateral breast cancer at the age of 36 and 44 years. Based on family studies, the BRCA1 variant was maternally inherited.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Madar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.M.); (V.M.); (Z.S.); (O.N.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Majoros
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.M.); (V.M.); (Z.S.); (O.N.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Szűcs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.M.); (V.M.); (Z.S.); (O.N.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.M.); (V.M.); (Z.S.); (O.N.)
| | - Tamás Babicz
- Department of Oncoradiology, Nyíregyházi Jósa András Tagkórház, Szabolcs—Szatmár—Bereg County Teaching Hospital, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
| | - Henriett Butz
- National Tumorbiology Laboratory Budapest, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (H.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Attila Patócs
- National Tumorbiology Laboratory Budapest, Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (H.B.); (A.P.)
| | - István Balogh
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Koczok
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.M.); (V.M.); (Z.S.); (O.N.)
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8
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Gebhart P, Tan Y, Muhr D, Stein C, Singer C. A de Novo BRCA1 Pathogenic Variant in a 29-Year-Old Woman with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 2023; 18:412-416. [PMID: 37901051 PMCID: PMC10601672 DOI: 10.1159/000531612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Germline pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes lead to a highly increased lifetime risk for breast and ovarian cancer. These variants are usually inherited and reports of de novo occurrences are a very rare phenomenon. Case Presentation We report on a breast cancer patient with a de novo BRCA1 variant c.121C>T (p.His41Tyr). The pathogenic variant was detected in leukocyte DNA of a patient with negative family history who had developed early onset, triple-negative breast cancer. The variant was not found in any of the maternal and paternal tissues tested, but it was detected in multiple samples representing all three germ layers of the affected carrier, which renders somatic mosaicism unlikely. Conclusion This case highlights the importance of including early onset of disease and triple negativity of the tumor as criteria for genetic testing, even in patients without family history. Considering the availability of effective breast cancer treatments in patients with pathogenic variants in the BRCA genes, this finding underscores the importance of genetic testing in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gebhart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Muhr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Stein
- Center for Forensic Medicine, DNA Central Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Balmorez T, Sakazaki A, Murakami S. Genetic Networks of Alzheimer's Disease, Aging, and Longevity in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065178. [PMID: 36982253 PMCID: PMC10049434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genomic analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genes that are risk factors for early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD genes). Although the genetics of aging and longevity have been extensively studied, previous studies have focused on a specific set of genes that have been shown to contribute to or are a risk factor for AD. Thus, the connections among the genes involved in AD, aging, and longevity are not well understood. Here, we identified the genetic interaction networks (referred to as pathways) of aging and longevity within the context of AD by using a gene set enrichment analysis by Reactome that cross-references more than 100 bioinformatic databases to allow interpretation of the biological functions of gene sets through a wide variety of gene networks. We validated the pathways with a threshold of p-value < 1.00 × 10-5 using the databases to extract lists of 356 AD genes, 307 aging-related (AR) genes, and 357 longevity genes. There was a broad range of biological pathways involved in AR and longevity genes shared with AD genes. AR genes identified 261 pathways within the threshold of p < 1.00 × 10-5, of which 26 pathways (10% of AR gene pathways) were further identified by overlapping genes among AD and AR genes. The overlapped pathways included gene expression (p = 4.05 × 10-11) including ApoE, SOD2, TP53, and TGFB1 (p = 2.84 × 10-10); protein metabolism and SUMOylation, including E3 ligases and target proteins (p = 1.08 × 10-7); ERBB4 signal transduction (p = 2.69 × 10-6); the immune system, including IL-3 and IL-13 (p = 3.83 × 10-6); programmed cell death (p = 4.36 × 10-6); and platelet degranulation (p = 8.16 × 10-6), among others. Longevity genes identified 49 pathways within the threshold, of which 12 pathways (24% of longevity gene pathways) were further identified by overlapping genes among AD and longevity genes. They include the immune system, including IL-3 and IL-13 (p = 7.64 × 10-8), plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling and clearance (p < 4.02 × 10-6), and the metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins (p = 1.96 × 10-5). Thus, this study provides shared genetic hallmarks of aging, longevity, and AD backed up by statistical significance. We discuss the significant genes involved in these pathways, including TP53, FOXO, SUMOylation, IL4, IL6, APOE, and CEPT, and suggest that mapping the gene network pathways provide a useful basis for further medical research on AD and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Balmorez
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Amy Sakazaki
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Shin Murakami
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
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10
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Lee SS, Karpel HC, Oh C, Smith J, Pothuri B. Beyond BRCA: Patterns of risk-reducing surgery for non-BRCA, homologous recombination repair pathway gene variant carriers. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 170:234-240. [PMID: 36724586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The real-world management of patients with non-BRCA, homologous recombination repair pathway variants with increased or uncertain risks of ovarian cancer is unknown. The objective was to determine the adoption of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) for carriers of variants with increased or uncertain risks of ovarian cancer beyond BRCA. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of patients at three hospitals with non-BRCA, homologous recombination repair pathway variants with increased risk (BRIP1, RAD51C, RAD51D) and uncertain risk (ATM, BARD1, NBN, PALB2) of ovarian cancer. Outcomes of interest were adoption of RRSO and factors associated with adoption of RRSO. Wilcoxon rank-sum, chi-square, and logistic regression were performed with p < 0.05. RESULTS Of 318 patients, 76 (24%) had pathogenic variants with increased risks of ovarian cancer (BRIP1, 45; RAD51C, 20; RAD51D, 11), and 242 (76%) had variants with uncertain risks of ovarian cancer (ATM, 145; PALB2, 69; NBN, 23; BARD1, 5). Of 64 patients eligible for RRSO by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria or family history, 31 (48%) underwent RRSO. Among eligible patients who did not undergo RRSO, 24 (73%) were not referred for gynecologic oncology consultation. Older age at testing (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.13) and referral to gynecologic oncology (aOR 33.48, CI 8.10-138.39) were associated with increased adoption of RRSO when adjusting for personal and family history of breast and ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION Half of RRSO-eligible patients by NCCN criteria beyond BRCA did not undergo RRSO. Opportunities exist for improving education to increase referrals to facilitate RRSO for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Lee
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hannah C Karpel
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Cheongeun Oh
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Julia Smith
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Bhavana Pothuri
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, New York, NY, United States of America; New York University Langone Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, New York, NY, United States of America.
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11
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Hidalgo Mayoral I, Almeida Santiago A, Sánchez-Zapardiel JM, Hidalgo Calero B, de la Hoya M, Gómez-Sanz A, de Miguel Reyes M, Robles L. Unexpected Findings in Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome: Low-Level Constitutional Mosaicism in BRCA2. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:502. [PMID: 36833429 PMCID: PMC9957471 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is a clinical entity characterized by an increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. The genetic diagnosis is based on the identification of heterozygous germinal variants in HBOC susceptibility genes. However, it has recently been described that constitutional mosaic variants can contribute to the aetiology of HBOC. In constitutional mosaicism, individuals have at least two genotypically distinct populations of cells that arise from an early post-zygote event. The mutational event occurs early enough in development to affect several tissues. It is detected in germinal genetic studies as low variant allele frequency (VAF) variants (<30%) that are generally overlooked during the prioritization process. Constitutional mosaic variants can affect both somatic and germinal cells, and thus can be passed to the offspring and have important consequences for genetic counselling. In this work, we report the c.9648+1G>A mosaic variant in the BRCA2 gene and propose a diagnostic algorithm to deal with potential mosaic findings identified by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hidalgo Mayoral
- Hereditary Cancer Laboratory, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Almeida Santiago
- Hereditary Cancer Laboratory, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gómez-Sanz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria San Carlos, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Robles
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Scherz A, Stoll S, Rothlisberger B, Rabaglio M. A New de novo BRCA1 Mutation in a Young Breast Cancer Patient: A Case Report. Appl Clin Genet 2023; 16:83-87. [PMID: 37197323 PMCID: PMC10184889 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s405120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes represent the most investigated breast and ovarian cancer predisposition genes. Ten cases of pathogenic de novo BRCA1 variations and six cases of pathogenic de novo BRCA2 variation have been reported at present. Here, we report a new case of a de novo BRCA1 gene mutation. Case Presentation A 30-year-old woman with no health issues and no family history for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer was diagnosed with a hormone receptor positive/HER2 negative invasive breast cancer. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic variant in BRCA1 (c.4065_4068delTCAA) which was not found in her parents or sister. Conclusion We report a new case of de novo BRCA1 mutation, confirmed by repeated germline testing of the index patient and her parents. The published BRCA1/2 de novo mutation rate is low. This is probably due - in part - to the strict testing criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Scherz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Stoll
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital and Stadtspital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Manuela Rabaglio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Manuela Rabaglio, Email
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13
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Speight B, Colvin E, Epurescu ED, Drummond J, Verhoef S, Pereira M, Evans DG, Tischkowitz M. Low-level constitutional mosaicism of BRCA1 in two women with young onset ovarian cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2022; 20:32. [PMID: 36068545 PMCID: PMC9446595 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-022-00237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 cause hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. The vast majority of these variants are inherited from a parent. De novo constitutional pathogenic variants are rare. Even fewer cases of constitutional mosaicism have been reported and these have mostly been described in women with breast cancer. Here we report low-level constitutional mosaicism identified by Next Generation Sequencing in two women with ovarian cancer. A BRCA1 c.5074G > A p.(Asp1692Asn) variant detected in the first female at 42 years, classed as likely pathogenic, was found in ~ 52% of reads in DNA extracted from tumour, ~ 10% of reads in DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and ~ 10% of reads in DNA extracted from buccal mucosa. The second BRCA1 c.2755_2758dupCCTG p.(Val920AlafsTer6) variant was detected in a female aged 53 years, classed as pathogenic, and was found in ~ 59% of reads in DNA extracted from tumour, ~ 14% of reads in DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and similarly in ~ 14% of reads in both DNA extracted from buccal mucosa and urine sample. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of these variants at a corresponding low level consistent with mosaicism that may not have been detected by this method alone. This report demonstrates the clinical benefit for two women of BRCA1/BRCA2 germline NGS testing at a depth that can detect low-level mosaicism. As well as informing appropriate treatments, tumour sequencing results may facilitate the detection and interpretation of low-level mosaic variants in the germline. Both results have implications for other cancer risks and for relatives when providing a family cancer risk assessment and reproductive risk. The implications for laboratory practice, clinical genetics management and genetic counselling for constitutional mosaicism of BRCA1/BRCA2 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Speight
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 134, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - E Colvin
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - E D Epurescu
- Oncology & Haematology Directorate, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - J Drummond
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 134, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - S Verhoef
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - M Pereira
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - D G Evans
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - M Tischkowitz
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 134, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Xu J, Huang C, Wu Z, Xu H, Li J, Chen Y, Wang C, Zhu J, Qin G, Zheng X, Yu Y. Risk Prediction of Second Primary Malignancies in Primary Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer Survivors: A SEER-Based National Population-Based Cohort Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:875489. [PMID: 35664751 PMCID: PMC9161780 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.875489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to characterize the clinical features of early-stage ovarian cancer (OC) survivors with second primary malignancies (SPMs) and provided a prediction tool for individualized risk of developing SPMs. Methods Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database during 1998-2013. Considering non-SPM death as a competing event, the Fine and Gray model and the corresponding nomogram were used to identify the risk factors for SPMs and predict the SPM probabilities after the initial OC diagnosis. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate the clinical utility of our proposed model. Results A total of 14,314 qualified patients were enrolled. The diagnosis rate and the cumulative incidence of SPMs were 7.9% and 13.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 13.5% to 13.6%], respectively, during the median follow-up of 8.6 years. The multivariable competing risk analysis suggested that older age at initial cancer diagnosis, white race, epithelial histologic subtypes of OC (serous, endometrioid, mucinous, and Brenner tumor), number of lymph nodes examined (<12), and radiotherapy were significantly associated with an elevated SPM risk. The DCA revealed that the net benefit obtained by our proposed model was higher than the all-screening or no-screening scenarios within a wide range of risk thresholds (1% to 23%). Conclusion The competing risk nomogram can be potentially helpful for assisting physicians in identifying patients with different risks of SPMs and scheduling risk-adapted clinical management. More comprehensive data on treatment regimens and patient characteristics may help improve the predictability of the risk model for SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqin Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Xu
- Shanghai Minhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yuntao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyou Qin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfu Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, China
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15
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BRCA2 deficiency increases sensitivity of medulloblastoma to Olaparib by inhibiting RAD51-mediated DNA damage repair system. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:919-926. [PMID: 35001340 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE BRCA2 defect exists in glioma and regulates drug resistance of glioma to chemotherapy. However, its role in medulloblastoma and the mechanism is not known. To investigate the effects of BRCA2 deficiency combined with Olaparib in medulloblastoma and the mechanism. METHODS BRCA2 was knocked down by RNAi technology and cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by FACS analysis when the in vivo role of BRCA2 was explored with xenograft mice model. Western blotting technology was used to explore the mechanism of BRCA2. RESULTS Knockdown of BRCA2 enhanced the inhibitory effect of Olaparib on proliferation of Daoy and LN229 cells. The inhibition rate of Olaparib on Daoy or LN229 cells was 61.1%, 66.03% in shBRCA2 group, while it was 42.9%, 41.1% in shNC group. Overexpression of RAD51 partially reversed the effect of shBRCA2. In Daoy cells, apoptotic rate was 26.9% in Olaparib group and 58.9% in Olaparib/shBRCA2 group. However, it was 33.4% after RAD51 was overexpressed. It was the same in LN229 cells. In xenograft mice model, tumor volume in Olaparib and Olaparib/shBRCA2 group was 376.12 and 84.95mm3 when tumor weight was 0.46 g and 0.12 g. In addition, the level of RAD51, RAD50, MRE11, and NBS was increased by Olaparib alone but decreased reversely after knockdown of BRCA2 in Daoy cells. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of BRCA2 increases the sensitivity of medulloblastoma cells to Olaparib and strengthens the efficacy of Olaparib in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of BRCA2 causes DNA damage repair by regulating RAD51-mediated signaling pathway in Daoy cells.
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16
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Uptake and timing of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy among patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:508.e1-508.e10. [PMID: 34171390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In women with BRCA mutations, risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy has been shown to decrease gynecologic cancer-specific and overall mortality. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends that patients with BRCA mutations undergo risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy between the ages of 35 and 40 years for BRCA1 mutation carriers and between the ages of 40 and 45 years for BRCA2 mutation carriers or after childbearing is complete. Currently, uptake and timing of risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and reasons for delays in risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy are not well understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate uptake and timing of risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy among women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations concerning the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines and reasons for delays in risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. STUDY DESIGN In this retrospective chart review, we identified women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations who discussed risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with a provider between 2012 and 2021. Uptake of risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was documented, and patients were classified as having timely or delay in risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. For those with delay in risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, reasons cited for delay were collected. Comparative statistical analyses were performed to evaluate characteristics of those with timely vs delayed risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associations among factors related to timing of risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. RESULTS We identified 638 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers seen between 2012 and 2021. Of these patients, 306 (48.0%) had undergone risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and 332 (52.0%) had not. When evaluating the timing of risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, 136 (21.3%) underwent timely risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, 239 (37.5%) had delays in risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and 263 (41.2%) had not undergone risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy but were younger than the National Comprehensive Cancer Network age guidelines; therefore, they were neither timely nor delayed. Patients with delay in risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were significantly older at the time of genetic testing than those with timely risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (mean, 49.8 vs 36.3 years; P<.001). Of the 306 patients who underwent risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, those with delayed risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy had a significantly shorter interval between BRCA identification and risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy than those with timely risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (median, 8.7 vs 17.6 months; P<.001). Patients with delay in risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were more likely to have a personal history of cancer than those with timely risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (49.8% vs 37.5%; P=.028). Of the 239 women with delay in risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, 188 (78.7%) had delayed BRCA mutation identification, 29 (12.1%) had menopausal concerns, 17 (7.1%) had ongoing cancer treatment, 12 (5.0%) had coordination with breast surgery, 20 (8.4%) had miscellaneous reasons, and 19 (7.9%) had no reason documented. In the multivariate model, older age at BRCA diagnosis (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.78; P<.001) was significantly associated with delayed risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy timing; those with BRCA2 mutation type were 7.54 times as likely to have timely risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy than BRCA1 mutation carriers (odds ratio, 7.54; 95% confidence, 3.70-16.42; P<.001). CONCLUSION Nearly 38% of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers undergo or have yet to undergo risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy over the recommended National Comprehensive Cancer Network age. The most common reason for the delay in risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was delayed identification of BRCA mutation, noted in 79% of patients with delayed risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Timely genetic testing for eligible patients can increase appropriately timed risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for the prevention of ovarian cancer and reduction of mortality in BRCA mutation carriers.
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Caputo SM, Golmard L, Léone M, Damiola F, Guillaud-Bataille M, Revillion F, Rouleau E, Derive N, Buisson A, Basset N, Schwartz M, Vilquin P, Garrec C, Privat M, Gay-Bellile M, Abadie C, Abidallah K, Airaud F, Allary AS, Barouk-Simonet E, Belotti M, Benigni C, Benusiglio PR, Berthemin C, Berthet P, Bertrand O, Bézieau S, Bidart M, Bignon YJ, Birot AM, Blanluet M, Bloucard A, Bombled J, Bonadona V, Bonnet F, Bonnet-Dupeyron MN, Boulaire M, Boulouard F, Bouras A, Bourdon V, Brahimi A, Brayotel F, Bressac de Paillerets B, Bronnec N, Bubien V, Buecher B, Cabaret O, Carriere J, Chiesa J, Chieze-Valéro S, Cohen C, Cohen-Haguenauer O, Colas C, Collonge-Rame MA, Conoy AL, Coulet F, Coupier I, Crivelli L, Cusin V, De Pauw A, Dehainault C, Delhomelle H, Delnatte C, Demontety S, Denizeau P, Devulder P, Dreyfus H, d’Enghein CD, Dupré A, Durlach A, Dussart S, Fajac A, Fekairi S, Fert-Ferrer S, Fiévet A, Fouillet R, Mouret-Fourme E, Gauthier-Villars M, Gesta P, Giraud S, Gladieff L, Goldbarg V, Goussot V, Guibert V, Guillerm E, Guy C, Hardouin A, Heude C, Houdayer C, Ingster O, Jacquot-Sawka C, Jones N, Krieger S, Lacoste S, Lallaoui H, Larbre H, Laugé A, Le Guyadec G, Le Mentec M, Lecerf C, Le Gall J, Legendre B, Legrand C, Legros A, Lejeune S, Lidereau R, Lignon N, Limacher JM, Doriane Livon, Lizard S, Longy M, Lortholary A, Macquere P, Mailliez A, Malsa S, Margot H, Mari V, Maugard C, Meira C, Menjard J, Molière D, Moncoutier V, Moretta-Serra J, Muller E, Nevière Z, Nguyen Minh Tuan TV, Noguchi T, Noguès C, Oca F, Popovici C, Prieur F, Raad S, Rey JM, Ricou A, Salle L, Saule C, Sevenet N, Simaga F, Sobol H, Suybeng V, Tennevet I, Tenreiro H, Tinat J, Toulas C, Turbiez I, Uhrhammer N, Vande Perre P, Vaur D, Venat L, Viellard N, Villy MC, Warcoin M, Yvard A, Zattara H, Caron O, Lasset C, Remenieras A, Boutry-Kryza N, Castéra L, Stoppa-Lyonnet D. Classification of 101 BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants of uncertain significance by cosegregation study: A powerful approach. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1907-1923. [PMID: 34597585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 80% of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic variants remain of uncertain clinical significance (VUSs). Only variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic can guide breast and ovarian cancer prevention measures and treatment by PARP inhibitors. We report the first results of the ongoing French national COVAR (cosegregation variant) study, the aim of which is to classify BRCA1/2 VUSs. The classification method was a multifactorial model combining different associations between VUSs and cancer, including cosegregation data. At this time, among the 653 variants selected, 101 (15%) distinct variants shared by 1,624 families were classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic or benign/likely benign by the COVAR study. Sixty-six of the 101 (65%) variants classified by COVAR would have remained VUSs without cosegregation data. Of note, among the 34 variants classified as pathogenic by COVAR, 16 remained VUSs or likely pathogenic when following the ACMG/AMP variant classification guidelines. Although the initiation and organization of cosegregation analyses require a considerable effort, the growing number of available genetic tests results in an increasing number of families sharing a particular variant, and thereby increases the power of such analyses. Here we demonstrate that variant cosegregation analyses are a powerful tool for the classification of variants in the BRCA1/2 breast-ovarian cancer predisposition genes.
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18
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Moloudinia R, Mahmoodi G, Abdi M, Amini S, Ferdowsi S. Evaluation of Vitamin D-Binding Protein Gene Polymorphism and its Plasma Concentration in Kurdish Patients With Breast Cancer in Sanandaj, Iran. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ajmb.2020.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have indicated that polymorphism in vitamin D pathway genes is associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) is a vital element in the metabolism of the vitamin D. VDBP carries the serum 25(OH) D3 to cells to promote vitamin D biological functions, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. Missense SNP (rs.7041) is a common polymorphism in VDBP gene, which shows ethnic-specific allele frequencies. Objectives: This study presents the correlation of the rs7041 (Asp432Glu) gene polymorphism and plasma concentrations of VDBP in Kurdish patients with BC in Sanandaj, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 44 premenopausal BC patients and 44 healthy subjects. Plasma VDBP concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The VDBP (rs7041) was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: VDBP level was associated with a non-significant risk of BC (P=0.397). Frequencies of individuals with VDBP (rs7041) TT, TG, and GG genotypes were 13.6%, 52.2%, and 34.09% in case group and 11.3%, 79.5%, and 9.9% in control group, respectively. Genotype GG associated with increased susceptibility to developing BC (odds ratio [OR]=5.172, CI: 1.555-17.2, P=0.007). There was a significant reverse correlation between GT genotype and BC (OR=0.282, 95% CI: 0.110-0.722, P=0.008) Conclusion: The changes in the vitamin D pathway may increase susceptibility to develop BC in the Iranian Kurdish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Moloudinia
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Gelavij Mahmoodi
- Department of Biology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sabrieh Amini
- Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shirin Ferdowsi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Mighri N, Hamdi Y, Boujemaa M, Othman H, Ben Nasr S, El Benna H, Mejri N, Labidi S, Ayari J, Jaidene O, Bouaziz H, Ben Rekaya M, M'rad R, Haddaoui A, Rahal K, Boussen H, Boubaker S, Abdelhak S. Identification of Novel BRCA1 and RAD50 Mutations Associated With Breast Cancer Predisposition in Tunisian Patients. Front Genet 2020; 11:552971. [PMID: 33240314 PMCID: PMC7677579 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.552971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deleterious mutations on BRCA1/2 genes are known to confer high risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. The identification of these mutations not only helped in selecting high risk individuals that need appropriate prevention approaches but also led to the development of the PARP-inhibitors targeted therapy. This study aims to assess the prevalence of the most frequent BRCA1 mutation in Tunisia, c.211dupA, and provide evidence of its common origin as well as its clinicopathological characteristics. We also aimed to identify additional actionable variants using classical and next generation sequencing technologies (NGS) which would allow to implement cost-effective genetic testing in limited resource countries. Patients and Methods Using sanger sequencing, 112 breast cancer families were screened for c.211dupA. A set of patients that do not carry this mutation were investigated using NGS. Haplotype analysis was performed to assess the founder effect and to estimate the age of this mutation. Correlations between genetic and clinical data were also performed. Results The c.211dupA mutation was identified in 8 carriers and a novel private BRCA1 mutation, c.2418dupA, was identified in one carrier. Both mutations are likely specific to North-Eastern Tunisia. Haplotype analysis supported the founder effect of c.211dupA and showed its recent origin. Phenotype-genotype correlation showed that both BRCA1 mutations seem to be associated with a severe phenotype. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) analysis of a BRCA negative family revealed a Variant of Unknown Significance, c.3647C > G on RAD50. Molecular modeling showed that this variant could be classified as deleterious as it is responsible for destabilizing the RAD50 protein structure. Variant prioritization and pathway analysis of the WES data showed additional interesting candidate genes including MITF and ANKS6. Conclusion We recommend the prioritization of BRCA1-c.211dupA screening in high risk breast cancer families originating from the North-East of Tunisia. We also highlighted the importance of NGS in detecting novel mutations, such as RAD50-c.3647C > G. In addition, we strongly recommend using data from different ethnic groups to review the pathogenicity of this variant and reconsider its classification in ClinVar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najah Mighri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, LR16IPT05, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosr Hamdi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, LR16IPT05, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Boujemaa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, LR16IPT05, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houcemeddine Othman
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sonia Ben Nasr
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, LR16IPT05, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Military Hospital of Tunis, Department of Medical Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houda El Benna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Abderrahmane Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Mejri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, LR16IPT05, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Abderrahmane Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Labidi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, LR16IPT05, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Abderrahmane Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Jihen Ayari
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, LR16IPT05, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,The Military Hospital of Tunis, Department of Medical Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Jaidene
- Department of Carcinological Surgery, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Bouaziz
- Department of Carcinological Surgery, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Ben Rekaya
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, LR16IPT05, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha M'rad
- Service des Maladies Congénitales et Héréditaires, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abderrazek Haddaoui
- The Military Hospital of Tunis, Department of Medical Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Rahal
- Department of Carcinological Surgery, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Boussen
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, LR16IPT05, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Abderrahmane Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, LR16IPT05, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, LR16IPT05, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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20
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The interaction between MALAT1 target, miR-143-3p, and RALGAPA2 is affected by functional SNP rs3827693 in breast cancer. Hum Cell 2020; 33:1229-1239. [PMID: 32880825 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A higher expression of MALAT1 has been reported in breast cancer. However, more studies are needed to decipher the mechanisms by which this lncRNA imposes its oncogenic effects. In this study, blood and tissue samples were taken from healthy normal and breast cancer subjects. qPCR was used to analyze the gene expression. HRM-PCR method was carried out to genotype the selected samples. Computational analysis was recruited to find novel targets of MALAT1 and miR-143-3p. The data analyses revealed that MALAT1 was up-regulated in breast cancer and could be a distinctive factor to diagnose cancer. The expression of MALAT1 was inversely correlated with miR-143-3p expression in the studied clinical samples. The down-regulation of miR-143-3p was proven in the clinical tumor samples as compared to the healthy controls. A negative correlation of miR-143-3p with its putative target, RALGAPA2 was observed. A functional SNP rs3827693 located within the 3'UTR region of RALGAPA2 mRNA was validated in this study to associate with breast cancer risk. The rs3827693 allele G significantly decreased the breast cancer incidence and augmented the negative correlation between RALGAPA2 and miR-143-3p, presumably through strengthening the interaction between these two transcripts. This study proposed MALAT1 miR-143-3p and miR-143-3p RALGAPA2 axis in breast cancer, whereby the latter can be altered by the clinically functional SNP rs3827693.
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21
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Gross AM, Turner J, Kirkorian AY, Okoye GA, Luca DC, Bornhorst M, Jacobs SS, Williams KM, Schore RJ. A Pediatric Case of Transformed Mycosis Fungoides in a BRCA2 Positive Patient. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020; 42:e361-e364. [PMID: 30969264 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are very rare in children. Although mycosis fungoides is the most common of these rare cutaneous T-cell lymphomas in children, transformation to an aggressive malignancy remains extremely uncommon, and there are no clear guidelines for clinical management in the pediatric population. In addition, the increased usage of next-generation sequencing for pediatric patients with unusual malignancies may result in the discovery of pathogenic germline mutations, though the association between these mutations and the patient's cancer is not always clear. We present here a unique pediatric case of transformed mycosis fungoides in a patient with BRCA2 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Gross
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.,National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda
| | - Joyce Turner
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Ginette A Okoye
- Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC
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22
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Incorvaia L, Fanale D, Badalamenti G, Bono M, Calò V, Cancelliere D, Castiglia M, Fiorino A, Pivetti A, Barraco N, Cutaia S, Russo A, Bazan V. Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer in Families from Southern Italy (Sicily)-Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of Pathogenic Variants in BRCA1/2 Genes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1158. [PMID: 32380732 PMCID: PMC7280980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the detection of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/2 genes have allowed a deeper understanding of the BRCA-related cancer risk. Several studies showed a significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of PVs across different populations. Because little is known about this in the Sicilian population, our study was aimed at investigating the prevalence and geographic distribution of inherited BRCA1/2 PVs in families from this specific geographical area of Southern Italy. We retrospectively collected and analyzed all clinical information of 1346 hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer patients genetically tested for germline BRCA1/2 PVs at University Hospital Policlinico "P. Giaccone" of Palermo from January 1999 to October 2019. Thirty PVs were more frequently observed in the Sicilian population but only some of these showed a specific territorial prevalence, unlike other Italian and European regions. This difference could be attributed to the genetic heterogeneity of the Sicilian people and its historical background. Therefore hereditary breast and ovarian cancers could be predominantly due to BRCA1/2 PVs different from those usually detected in other geographical areas of Italy and Europe. Our investigation led us to hypothesize that a higher prevalence of some germline BRCA PVs in Sicily could be a population-specific genetic feature of BRCA-positive carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (S.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Badalamenti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (S.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Marco Bono
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (S.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentina Calò
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (S.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Daniela Cancelliere
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (S.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Marta Castiglia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (S.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Alessia Fiorino
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (S.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Alessia Pivetti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (S.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Nadia Barraco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (S.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Sofia Cutaia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (S.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (S.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.F.); (G.B.); (M.B.); (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (N.B.); (S.C.); (V.B.)
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23
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Menko FH, Jeanson KN, Bleiker EMA, van Tiggelen CWM, Hogervorst FBL, Ter Stege JA, Ait Moha D, van der Kolk LE. The uptake of predictive DNA testing in 40 families with a pathogenic BRCA1/BRCA2 variant. An evaluation of the proband-mediated procedure. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1020-1027. [PMID: 32300191 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
When hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) due to a BRCA1/BRCA2 germline pathogenic variant is diagnosed, the proband will be asked to inform other at-risk family members. In the Netherlands, a guideline was introduced in 2012 which provided detailed recommendations regarding this proband-mediated procedure. We now evaluated the uptake of predictive BRCA1/BRCA2 testing in 40 consecutive HBOC families diagnosed in our centre in 2014. We performed a retrospective observational study of all 40 families in which a pathogenic BRCA1/BRCA2 germline variant was identified during 2014. We scored the uptake of predictive and confirmatory testing by the end of 2018 and explored factors associated with the level of uptake. Two families were excluded. In the remaining 38 families, among 239 family members ≥18 years at 50% risk of being a mutation carrier or at 25% risk if the family member at 50% risk was deceased, 102 (43%) were tested. Among 108 females 25-75 years of age at 50% risk, 59 (55%) underwent predictive or confirmatory testing, and among 43 males at 50% risk with daughters ≥18 years, 22 (51%) were tested. Factors which complicated cascade screening included family members living abroad, probands not wanting to share information and limited pedigree information. In conclusion, the standard proband-mediated procedure of informing relatives seems to be far from optimal. We suggest a tailored approach for each family, including the option of a direct approach to at-risk family members by the geneticist. In addition, we suggest detailed monitoring and follow-up of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred H Menko
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Kiki N Jeanson
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline M A Bleiker
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla W M van Tiggelen
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Ter Stege
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daoud Ait Moha
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Evans O, Gaba F, Manchanda R. Population-based genetic testing for Women's cancer prevention. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 65:139-153. [PMID: 32245629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in cancer-susceptibility-genes (CSG) can dramatically increase womens' lifetime risk of ovarian, endometrial, breast and bowel cancers. Identification of unaffected carriers is important to enable proactive engagement with highly effective screening and preventive options to minimise cancer risk. Currently, a family-history model is used to identify individuals with CSGs. Complex regional referral guidelines specify the family-history criteria required before an individual is eligible for genetic-testing. This model is ineffective, resource intense, misses >50% CSG carriers, is associated with underutilisation of genetic-testing services and delays detection of mutation carriers. Although awareness and detection of CSG-carriers has improved, over 97% carriers remain unidentified. This reflects significant missed opportunities for precision-prevention. Population-based genetic-testing (PBGT) represents a novel healthcare strategy with the potential to dramatically improve detection of unaffected CSG-carriers along with enabling population risk-stratification for cancer precision-prevention. Several research studies have assessed the impact, feasibility, acceptability, long-term psychological outcomes and cost-effectiveness of population-based BRCA-testing in the Ashkenazi-Jewish population. Initial data on PBGT in the general-population is beginning to emerge and large implementation studies investigating PBGT in the general-population are needed. This review will summarise the current research into the clinical, psycho-social, health-economic, societal and ethical consequences of a PBGT model for women's cancer precision-prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Evans
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts CRUK Cancer Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE, London, UK
| | - Faiza Gaba
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts CRUK Cancer Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE, London, UK
| | - Ranjit Manchanda
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts CRUK Cancer Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE, London, UK.
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25
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Bahsi T, Erdem HB. Spectrum of BRCA1/BRCA2 variants in 1419 Turkish breast and ovarian cancer patients: a single center study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2019-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome is chacterized with multiple cases of breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer on the same side of the family. BRCA1/BRCA2 genes are associated with 20–25% of all patients. For developing national health policies for genetic testing, it is important to determine the range of pathogenic mutations in susceptibility genes and to identify recurrent founder mutations.
Materials and methods
All the patients were provided BRCA testing criteria according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network. QIAseq multiplex amplicon panel, BRCA MASTR™ Dx and Ion AmpliSeq Panel were used for BRCA1/BRCA2 coding regions. SALSA® MLPA® was performed for negative patients.
Results
Of 1419 patients, 134 (9.4%) were found to carry a pathogenic and 5 (0.3%) were found to carry a likely pathogenic mutation. Of those, 58 patients were found to carry a mutation in BRCA1 and 64 in BRCA2. Variant of uncertain significance was detected in 91 patients (6.4%).
Conclusion
The spectrum of BRCA1/2 mutations in Turkish population has been shown in the largest patient group to date. The thesis that founder mutations show diversity in different populations has been confirmed in our study, and the mutations that are common in Turkish population have been presented in this study.
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26
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Cecener G, Sabour Takanlou L, Sabour Takanlou M, Egeli U, Eskiler GG, Aksoy S, Unal U, Tezcan H, Eryilmaz IE, Gokgoz MS, Tunca B, Cubukcu E, Evrensel T, Cetintas S, Tasdelen I. Clinicopathologic features and genetic characteristics of the BRCA1/2 mutation in Turkish breast cancer patients. Cancer Genet 2020; 240:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Bernstein Molho R, Zalmanoviz S, Laitman Y, Friedman E. De novo pathogenic germline variant in PALB2 in a patient with pancreatic cancer. Fam Cancer 2019; 19:193-196. [PMID: 31858328 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-019-00157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
De novo mutations in the major breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are rare. De novo mutations in the PALB2 gene have never been reported. Here we report a de novo PALB2 germ line mutation (c.3455delC (p.Pro1152Hisfs*11) in a patient with pancreatic cancer, where non-paternity and somatic parental mosaicism have to the extent possible been excluded as a mechanism for detecting the de novo mutation. The lack of previous reports on de novo PALB2 mutations maybe the limited number of PALB2germline mutations reported overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Bernstein Molho
- Breast cancer unit, Institute of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shelly Zalmanoviz
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. .,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. .,Oncogenetics Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel- Hashomer, Israel.
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28
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Menko FH, Ter Stege JA, van der Kolk LE, Jeanson KN, Schats W, Moha DA, Bleiker EMA. The uptake of presymptomatic genetic testing in hereditary breast-ovarian cancer and Lynch syndrome: a systematic review of the literature and implications for clinical practice. Fam Cancer 2019; 18:127-135. [PMID: 29846880 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-018-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Following the identification in a proband of a germline BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation in hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) or a DNA mismatch repair gene mutation in Lynch syndrome (LS) he or she will be asked to inform at-risk family members about the option for presymptomatic DNA testing. However, in clinical practice multiple factors may complicate the process of information sharing. We critically evaluated studies on the uptake of presymptomatic genetic testing in both syndromes. A search of relevant MeSH terms and key words in PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO yielded 795 articles published between 2001 and 2017. Thirty of these publications included outcome measures relevant for the current study. Based on information provided by the proband (15 studies) the uptake of presymptomatic genetic testing ranged from 15 to 57% in HBOC, while one study in LS kindreds reported an uptake of 70%. Based on information provided by genetics centres (the remaining 15 studies) the uptake ranged from 21 to 44% in HBOC and from 41 to 94% in LS. However, when genetics centres contacted relatives directly a substantial number of additional family members could be tested. Proband-mediated provision of information to at-risk relatives is a standard procedure in hereditary breast-ovarian cancer and Lynch syndrome. However, the resulting uptake of presymptomatic testing is disappointing-an issue that is now urgent due to the increased use of genetic testing in clinical oncology. We propose that additional strategies should be introduced including the geneticist directly contacting relatives. The outcomes of these strategies should be carefully monitored and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred H Menko
- Family Cancer Clinic, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacqueline A Ter Stege
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki N Jeanson
- Family Cancer Clinic, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winnie Schats
- Department of Scientific Information Service, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daoud Ait Moha
- Family Cancer Clinic, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline M A Bleiker
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital and The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Trottier AM, Cavalcante de Andrade Silva M, Li Z, Godley LA. Somatic mutation panels: Time to clear their names. Cancer Genet 2019; 235-236:84-92. [PMID: 31101556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
With improvements in DNA sequencing technologies and the consequent reduction in costs, next generation sequencing is being utilized increasingly in panel-based testing to perform molecular profiling of tumors. Such tumor-based panels are often referred to as 'somatic' panels, but this term is misleading and should not be used, since not all DNA variants within a tumor are somatic in nature. Every cell in a person's body contains that person's germline DNA, including tumor cells. Moreover, tumor samples are invariably contaminated with blood, a tissue that can contain somatic mutations itself in a process now called clonal hematopoiesis. Differentiating between germline variants or tumor-associated somatic mutations versus clonal hematopoiesis can be challenging. In this review, we address how to interpret the results of somatic mutation panels, how to differentiate between germline and truly somatic events, and discuss the importance of this distinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Trottier
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 2115, Chicago, IL, 60637 United States
| | - Marcela Cavalcante de Andrade Silva
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 2115, Chicago, IL, 60637 United States; Hospital Universitario Prof Alberto Antunes -HU/UFAL, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Zejuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 2115, Chicago, IL, 60637 United States; Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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30
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Chasapis CT. Hierarchical core decomposition of RING structure as a method to capture novel functional residues within RING-type E3 ligases: a structural systems biology approach. Comput Biol Med 2018; 100:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Analysis of BRCA1/2 Mutations and Performance of Manchester Scoring System in High Risk Iranian Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.60392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Natarajan P, Gold NB, Bick AG, McLaughlin H, Kraft P, Rehm HL, Peloso GM, Wilson JG, Correa A, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Kathiresan S, Green RC. Aggregate penetrance of genomic variants for actionable disorders in European and African Americans. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:364ra151. [PMID: 27831900 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In populations that have not been selected for family history of disease, it is unclear how commonly pathogenic variants (PVs) in disease-associated genes for rare Mendelian conditions are found and how often they are associated with clinical features of these conditions. We conducted independent, prospective analyses of participants in two community-based epidemiological studies to test the hypothesis that persons carrying PVs in any of 56 genes that lead to 24 dominantly inherited, actionable conditions are more likely to exhibit the clinical features of the corresponding diseases than those without PVs. Among 462 European American Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and 3223 African-American Jackson Heart Study (JHS) participants who were exome-sequenced, we identified and classified 642 and 4429 unique variants, respectively, in these 56 genes while blinded to clinical data. In the same participants, we ascertained related clinical features from the participants' clinical history of cancer and most recent echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, and lipid measurements, without knowledge of variant classification. PVs were found in 5 FHS (1.1%) and 31 JHS (1.0%) participants. Carriers of PVs were more likely than expected, on the basis of incidence in noncarriers, to have related clinical features in both FHS (80.0% versus 12.4%) and JHS (26.9% versus 5.4%), yielding standardized incidence ratios of 6.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7 to 16.5; P = 7 × 10-4) in FHS and 4.7 (95% CI, 1.9 to 9.7; P = 3 × 10-4) in JHS. Individuals unselected for family history who carry PVs in 56 genes for actionable conditions have an increased aggregated risk of developing clinical features associated with the corresponding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Natarajan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nina B Gold
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander G Bick
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heather McLaughlin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Cardiovascular Research Center, and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Musani V, Sušac I, Ozretić P, Eljuga D, Levanat S. The first case report of a large deletion of the BRCA1 gene in Croatia: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8667. [PMID: 29310340 PMCID: PMC5728741 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, and it is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in Croatia. BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are the most common cause of hereditary breast cancer. PATIENT CONCERNS In this report we describe a Croatian patient with no apparent family history of cancer, who developed breast cancer first at 29, and again at 33. DIAGNOSIS Due to the early development of first breast cancer and triple negative status of the second, the attending physician suspected a hereditary aspect. INTERVENTIONS Patient was sent to BRCA1 genetic testing. Subsequently, her mother and sister were sent to check for the mutation found in the patient. OUTCOMES BRCA1 exons 4-6 deletion was determined and sequencing confirmed the deletion as NG_005905.2:g.107648_117905del10257. Mother and sister were not affected, but since there were no available family members on the fathers' side, it was not possible to determine if this was a case of de novo mutation. Until now, only in three reports with the similar mutation the exact mutation borders were determined. The mutation in this case was not the same as previously reported and was more than twice in size. LESSONS All large deletions should be described at the nucleotide level, so that in cases with missing family data it would be possible to deduce if the mutation is already known. If the mutation is already known, it is probably not a de novo event, since it is unlikely that the breakpoints would be exactly the same more than once.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Domagoj Eljuga
- Eljuga Polyclinic
- Department for Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital for Tumors, University Clinical Hospital Centre Sisters of Mercy, Zagreb, Croatia
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Iqbal MUN, Khan TA. Association between Vitamin D receptor (Cdx2, Fok1, Bsm1, Apa1, Bgl1, Taq1, and Poly (A)) gene polymorphism and breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317731280. [PMID: 29072133 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317731280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to examine the relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms and breast cancer. Literature was searched through PubMed database, Google scholar, and the web of knowledge from December 2015 to January 2017 and consists of 34 studies (26,372 cases and 32,883 controls). All statistical measures were done using STATA version 11.2. The heterogeneity among studies was tested using I2 statistics. Mantel-Haenszel method and DerSimonian-Laird method were used to combine data from studies using both random-effect model and fixed-effect model, respectively. Potential publication bias was evaluated by Egger's test. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to evaluate the quality and consistency in results. The results of this meta-analysis revealed that VDR gene polymorphisms (Bsm1 bb vs BB; SOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.054-1.322, Apa1 aa vs AA; SOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.87-1.59, Poly (A) LL vs SS; SOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.06-1.88, Fok1 ff + Ff vs FF; SOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.896-1.759, Apa1 aa+Aa vs AA; SOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.95-1.35, Poly (A) LL + LS vs SS; SOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.00-1.43, Poly (A) L vs S; SOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.03-1.35) are associated with the breast cancer. Cdx2, Bgl1, and Taq1 do not show association with breast cancer. Thus, the finding of this meta-analysis concluded that VDR Bsm1, Apa1, Fok1, and Poly (A) gene polymorphisms may be susceptible for breast cancer development.
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35
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Antonucci I, Provenzano M, Sorino L, Rodrigues M, Palka G, Stuppia L. A new case of "de novo" BRCA1 mutation in a patient with early-onset breast cancer. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:238-240. [PMID: 28265380 PMCID: PMC5331191 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the de novo BRCA1/2 mutations have been identified in patients with early‐onset breast cancer and without family history of the disease. The identification of these alterations could play a prominent role in the prevention and treatment strategies and may influence clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Antonucci
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DISPUTer) School of Medicine and Health Sciences"G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara Italy; CESI-Met Research Center"G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti Italy
| | - Martina Provenzano
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DISPUTer) School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara Italy
| | - Luca Sorino
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DISPUTer) School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara Italy
| | - Melissa Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DISPUTer) School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara Italy
| | - Giandomenico Palka
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences School of Medicine and Health Sciences "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DISPUTer) School of Medicine and Health Sciences"G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara Italy; CESI-Met Research Center"G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti Italy
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36
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Acuna-Hidalgo R, Veltman JA, Hoischen A. New insights into the generation and role of de novo mutations in health and disease. Genome Biol 2016; 17:241. [PMID: 27894357 PMCID: PMC5125044 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from inheriting half of the genome of each of our parents, we are born with a small number of novel mutations that occurred during gametogenesis and postzygotically. Recent genome and exome sequencing studies of parent-offspring trios have provided the first insights into the number and distribution of these de novo mutations in health and disease, pointing to risk factors that increase their number in the offspring. De novo mutations have been shown to be a major cause of severe early-onset genetic disorders such as intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and other developmental diseases. In fact, the occurrence of novel mutations in each generation explains why these reproductively lethal disorders continue to occur in our population. Recent studies have also shown that de novo mutations are predominantly of paternal origin and that their number increases with advanced paternal age. Here, we review the recent literature on de novo mutations, covering their detection, biological characterization, and medical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Acuna-Hidalgo
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute of Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute of Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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